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Note on Occurrence in British Columbia of the Omnivorous Leaf Tier, Cnephasia Longana (Haw.) (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae) , As a Pest of Strawberry1 Ey W

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Note on Occurrence in British Columbia of the Omnivorous Leaf Tier, Cnephasia Longana (Haw.) (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae) , As a Pest of Strawberry1 Ey W XCI THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 155 Hearle, E. 1932. The blackflies of British Columbia (Simuliidae, Diptera). Proc. Ent. Soc. British Columbia 29: 5-19. Jamnback, H. 1952. The importance of correct timing of larval treatments to control specific blackflies (Simuliidae). Mosquito News 12: 77-78. Knowlton, G. F. 1935. Simuliids annoy livestock. Jour. Econ. Ent. 28: 1073. Knowlton, G. F., and D. R. Maddock. 1944. Snipe Flies in Utah. Jour. Econ. Ent. 37: 119. Knowlton, G. F., and J. A. Rowe. 1934a. Buffalo Gnats. Utah Agr. Exper. Sta. Leaflet 27. Knowlton, G. F., and J. A. Rowe. 1934b. New blood-sucking flies from Utah (Simuliidae, Diptera). Ann. Em. Soc. Amer. 27: 580-584. Millar, J. L., and J. G. Rempel. 1944. Livestock losses in Saskatchewan due to blackflies. Can. Jonr. Comp. Med. 8: 334-337. Peterson, B. V. 1956. Observations on the biology of Utah black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae). Can. Errt. 88: 496-507. Peterson, B. V. 1958. A redescription of the female and first descriptions of the male, pupa and larva of Prosimulium flaviantennus (S. and K.) with notes on the biology and dis- tribution. Can. Ent. 90: 469-473. Rees, D. M., and B. V. Peterson. 1953. The black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) in the can- yons near Salt Lake City, Utah. Proc. Utah Acad. Sci., Arts and Letters 30: 57-59. Rempel, J. G., and A. P. Arnasou. 1947. An account of three successive outbreaks of the black fly, Sinzuliznn arcn'czm, a serious livestock pest in Saskatchewan. Sci. Agr. 27: 428-445. Smart, J. 1944. The British Simuliidae with keys to the species in the adult, pupal and larval stages. Freshwater Biol. Assoc. British Empire, Sci. Pub. 9: 1-57. Stains, G. S., and G. F. Knowlton. 1943. A taxonomic and distributional study of Simuliidae of western United States. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 36: 259-280. Stone, A., and B. V. Peterson. 1958. Sinnclium defoliarti, a new black fly from the western United States (Diptera, Simuliidae). Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc. 53: 1-6. Twinn, C. R. 1938. Blackflies from Utah and Idaho, with descriptions of new species (Simuliidae, Diptera) . Can. Ent. 70: 48-55. (Received December 31, 1958) Note on Occurrence in British Columbia of the Omnivorous Leaf Tier, Cnephasia longana (Haw.) (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae) , as a Pest of Strawberry1 Ey W. T. CRAMAND N. V. TONKS~ Entomology Laboratory, Victoria, B.C. The senior author collected several nearly mature lepidopterous larvae found tunnelling in ripening strawberries at Saanich, Vancouver Island, B.C., on June 10, 1957. From larvae reared on fruit in cages in an insectary, six moths emerged, two each on July 15, 18, and 22. These six and another individual collected in flight were identified as the omnivorous leaf tier, Cnephasia longana (Haw.). Samples of wormy strawberries were received by the junior author on June 10, 1957, from a processing plant at Clearbrook, B.C., in the lower Fraser Valley. The fruit originated from two plantings in the Abbotsford-Clearbrook area. Four lepidopterous larvae were removed from the samples; one specimen was preserved immediately and an unsuccessful attempt was made to rear the remain- der. The larva was identified as C. longana. Infestations of the insect were discovered during 1958 in three widely separated strawberry plantings in Saanich. Larvae were collected from both strawberry fruit and foliage, and also from thistle, vetch, and clover in pasture areas near the infested strawberry plantings. lcontribution No. 3889, Entomology Dlvislon, Sclence Service, Department of Agriculture, Ottawa, Canada. ZAssociate Entomologist and Assistant Entomologist. 156 THE CANADIAN Er\;TOA~IOLOGIST March 1959 Infestations of the insect also occurred during 1958 throughout most of the major strawberry-growing areas in the lower Fraser Valley. Larvae were collect- ed from strawberries at Yarrow, Abbotsford, Clearbrook, and Cloverdale, and also from Canada thistle in the Clearbrook area. Few infestations of this insect were reported in the lower Fraser Valley from strawberry plantings that received spring applications of malathion or Diazinon for aphid control. This European insect is a serious pest of strawberry, flax, vetch, and a wide range of other plants in California, Oregon, and Washington (Pritchard et al., 1949; Rosenstiel et al., 1944; Stitt and Allmendinger, 1953). According to Dr. T. N. Freeman (in litt.), this pest has not been reported in Canada previously. It was first recorded in Oregon in 1929 by Edwards and Mote (1936), who described the life-history. Rosenstiel et al. (1944) reported on the oviposition habits of the moth, which lays eggs only on rough surfaces such as the bark of trees or fence posts. In the early spring, larvae are carried by the wind to host plants. Young larvae mine the leaves and later tie them together. As they approach maturity, the larvae enter ripening strawberries beneath the calyx caps. One larva usually damages several berries. Satisfactory control was obtained wit11 parathion, DDD, or DDT sprays on ornamentals in California (Pritchard et al., 1949) and with methoxychlor dust on strawberries and nursery stock in Oregon (Rosenstiel, 1953 ) . A single parasite, identified as Atrometus sp., was reared from larvae collected at Saanich. Larvae were identified by Miss Margaret Rae MacKay, adults were deter- mined by Dr. T. N. Freeman and Dr. D. F. Hardwick, and the parasite was identified by Mr. C. D. Miller, Insect Systematics and Biological Control Unit, Entomology Division, Ottawa. References Edwards, W. D., and D. C. Mote. 1936. Omnivorous leaf tier, Cnephasia longana Haw. J. Econ. Ent. 29: 1118-1123. Pritchard, A. E., R. E. Beer, and R. G. Rosenstiel. 1949. The omnivorous leaf tier on field-grown cut flowers in California. 1. Econ. Ent. 42: 845-846. Rosenstiel, R G., G. R. Ferguson, and D. C. Mote. 1944. Some ecological relationships of Cnephasia longana. J. Econ. Ent. 37: 814-817. Rosenstiel, R. G. 1953. Control of the omnivorous leaf tier on strawberries and nursery stock. Oregon Agr. Expt. Sta. Circ. No. 506. Stitt, L. L., and D. F. Allmendinger. 1953. Spittlebug and omnivorous leaf tier in straw- berry. ]. Econ. Ent. 46: 876-878. (Received December 31, 1958) .
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