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The Quinault Indian Gaming and Casino Operating in the 21St Century

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The Quinault Indian Gaming and Casino Operating in the 21St Century The Quinault Indian Gaming and Casino Operating in the 21st Century Jasmine McDonald University of Washington American Indian Studies 230 Indian Gaming and Casinos December 11, 2013 Summary: Although there are mythical notions about tribal gaming and casinos, this paper will call your attention to the truth about the Quinault Nation and the Quinault Beach Resort and Casino in particular, by providing facts in regards to the cultural, political, and economical aspects. Introduction The people of the Quinault Indian Nation are among the small number of Americans who can walk the same beaches, paddle the same waters, and hunt the same lands their ancestors did centuries ago. The word Quinault evolved from kwi’nail, the name of the tribe’s largest settlement. The Quinault Indian Nation consists of the Quinault and Queets tribes and descendants of five other coastal tribes: Quileute, Hoh, Chehalis, Chinook, and Cowlitz. Remarkable salmon runs, abundant sea mammals, wildlife and forests provided substantial material and spiritual wealth to the ancestors. There were a great source of knowledge about plants and their uses that provided for the Quinault people. Salmon and steelhead fishing was the major economic activity of the Quinault people. The rich supply of timber played an important part in their lifestyle. They lived a rich existence with in hunting, fishing, and ample supplies of timber for building and firewood (N.A., 2013). The sovereign Quinault Indian Nation is located on the Olympic Peninsula, west of the city of Seattle, Washington. “ The QIN is the largest Indian reservation on the Olympic Peninsula, and also the largest Indian reservation on the West Coast of the United States” (Quinault Indian Nation)”. The Quinault Beach Resort & Casino is Washington’s premier coastal destination. Findings Culture: Canoe People, the Quinault Culture Continues There seems to be a conflicting issue in regards to tribal gaming for the Quinault Indian Nation. It looks as though they are torn between balancing their heritage and operating in the 21st century. “Games played by the Quinault people; slaha, slahallam, shinny, tug-of-war, wrestling, rock lifting, horse racing, canoe races, laughing game, field and war sports, swinging and the fern game ‘pala pala’ (Chubby, 2002)”. 1 Those were some of the traditional games played by Quinault people pre contact. “We are Canoe People, the people of the cedar tree (Sampson, 2003)”. The western red cedar provided logs for canoes, bark for clothing, split boards for houses, and more. People are their most important resource and it takes educated people to fill Quinault Indian Nation’s jobs and to pass on cultural traditions. “Nearly a third of the Quinault Reservation has been alienated and is own largely by timber and saw-milling companies (Ruby & Brown, 1986)”. The Quinaults homelands were the Quinault River valley and the coast between Raft River and Joe Creek. The Quinault’s were the southernmost people along the coast who hunted whales. Today most Quinault people are members of the Quinault Tribe, Quinault Reservation, Washington, and live on the tribe’s reservation, which lies on a coastal plateau extending east from the Pacific Ocean to the Olympic Mountains. Most of the people of the reservation live in the towns of Taholah and Queets. A few families live on allotments, and some live off the reservation. “In the evening, people made large bonfires in the open air and challenged other tribes to play the stick game. Lively songs were sung by both sides, and each team tried to distract the other while it was trying to hide the bones (Mullis, 2000)”. This was an example of tribal gaming practices of the Okanogans. Although this is a different tribe’s cultural practice, it shows evidence that there were tribal gaming practices that did not involve alcohol and no foul language. The Quinault Beach Resort and Casino seemed to not lack any reference about culture on the homepage of the casino. There was only a glimpse of the tribe’s history found on one of the hyperlinks on the homepage. Historical or present cultural practices and traditions are not prevalent on either homepages. Social media is a primary element for the Quinault Beach Resort and Casino, including Facebook, Twitter, and an RSS feed. The tribe’s presence on social media sites is rather limited. Using a content analysis of tribal and 2 casino websites and social media to study online messages, this study focuses on cultural communication. Specifically, how do the Quinaults talk about culture in separate gaming and tribal contexts, both to internal and external audiences? This picture depicts the deficiency of social media use by the tribe. The last tweet was December 2011. The tweet did not note an upcoming culture event or anything related to Quinault traditions. These pictures represent the fact that tribal culture is not prevalent in the casino. Online presence is extremely limited for the Quinault Indian Nation, but for the Casino it is widespread. There is a commonality of this seen throughout my fellow Washington team’s tribes and casinos. There are limited mentions of the casino on the tribes’ websites, which was striking. It is difficult as an outsider looking in to define another group of people’s culture. Not all tribal cultures are the same; even through assimilation all tribes retain their own practice, traditions, and values. Tribal Gaming in modern day for the Quinault people seems not to focus on traditional gaming practices, but rather focusing on operating in the 21st century to maintain a large financial income. The revenue from the casino allows for the improvement of living conditions 3 for people within the community or just in other ways to help the members of the community. Indigenous cultures seem to be vanishing in tribal gaming practices. Traditional gaming does not take place at the casino, but do take place at the tribe’s place of gathering. I might need to take into consideration that these traditional games are sacred or religious and are only practiced in private environments. Throughout the casino are excerpts of tribal history and culture and visitors are also encouraged to visit the Quinault museum, which is in the Quinault Cultural Center located in Taholah. This past 2013 summer, Quinault Indian Nation hosted Canoe Journey, which is a cultural tradition of Washington and Canadian tribes to paddle the traditional canoes. The Quinault homeland is the cradle of Quinault culture. Policy & Politics: Quinault Gaming Faces Oppression by Legalities The United States finds ways to implement laws and procedures that forces American Indians to waive their sovereign immunity to an extent, especially in regards to casino operations. The Quinault Indian Nation and the casino combined is one of the largest employers in Grays Harbor County. The Quinault Beach Resort & Casino has become a way for the Quinault Nation to grow economically, financially, and even more independently. It has allowed for the Quinault to fund tribal government programs, provide general welfare of the community members, donate to charitable organizations, and fund for operation of local government agencies. Gaming revenue is used to improve its infrastructure. “The Indian Gaming Regulatory Act passed in 1988 has led to conflicts of jurisdiction between the tribes and the states (McCulloch, 1994)”. As tribes became even more autonomous, states began to intervene to try and gain some control. While at times overstepping their boundaries, the states did what they could but did not quite succeed. 4 “Indians in Florida and California began to raise revenue by offering bingo with larger prizes than were allowed under the state law. The state threatened to sue if the tribes did not stop their gaming” (Mullis, 2000). As soon as the tribes show that they are more than competent enough to self-govern and be independent, the US government feels the need to step in. The Oneida Tribe of Indians v State of Wisconsin was a good example of the state’s overstepping boundaries. They have no jurisdiction when the gaming is being done on Indian land, but they try and interfere regardless of past treaties. This is one of the ways in which American Indians still face oppression. Even after the IGRA had been passed the government found a way to reveal their dominance by having some control over tribal gaming. “States lobbied for the legislation in an effort to establish control over tribal gaming (Anders, 1998)”. Since the states did not have the power or authority to stop the tribes from closing down their operations they went to a higher power, the federal government, which led to the IGRA being passed a long with other laws and regulations in regards to tribal gaming. These laws were limited, but still overreaching in a sense. In 1996, Indian gaming exceeded $5 billion, accounting for approximately 10 percent of total U.S. gambling revenue. “Currently, 124 out of 557 federally recognized tribes operate gaming facilities (Anders, 1998)”. Casinos became a trend amongst tribes to have and operate. It was a clever move; they had overcome adversity and found a way to improve their tribal economy amongst other things. “For 124 Indian tribes, casino gaming has become an important source of revenue as a result of the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act of 1988 (Anders, 1998)”. Tribal gaming has allowed for there to be an economic growth within the tribe. Not only that, higher education is a possibility for those who wish to pursue it. There is even money allocated to charitable organizations, so not only does tribe help their people, but also others outside the tribe. Some might argue that it is within the tribal-state compact and they are legally bound to do so, but they 5 must not forget, both parties agree upon the compact so the tribe could have declined.
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