DOCSLIB.ORG

Research Articles NAT

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Research Articles NAT Research articles NAT. HIST. BULL. SIAM. SOC. 60(1): 9–22. 2014 A NEW SPECIES OF TYLOTOTRITON (AMPHIBIA: URODELA: SALAMANDRIDAE) FROM CENTRAL MYANMAR Kanto Nishikawa1,*, Masafumi Matsui1 and Dingqi Rao2 ABSTRACT We describe a new species of Tylototriton from Taunggyi, Shan State, central Myanmar, based on molecular and morphological evidence. The new species, Tylototriton shanorum, is classified as a member of the subgenus Tylototriton. The species differs morphologically from all known congeners by having the combination of dull-colored markings, weakly protruding dorsolateral bony ridges on head, narrow and weakly segmented vertebral ridge, and narrow vomerine tooth series. The taxonomic relationship between T. verrucosus and T. shanjing is briefly discussed based on the molecular phylogeny obtained in this study. Key words: Tylototriton, morphology, new species, Myanmar INTRODUCTION The salamandrid genus Tylototriton is widely distributed from eastern Himalaya, Indochina, to central and southern China, and currently includes a total of 19 species/ subspecies: T. asperrimus, T. broadoridgus, T. daweishanensis, T. hainanensis, T. kweichowensis, T. lizhengchangi, T. notialis, T. panhai, T. pseudoverrucosus, T. shanjing, T. taliangensis, T. uyenoi, T. vietnamensis, T. verrucosus pulcherrima, T. verrucosus verrucosus, T. wenxianensis dabienicus, T. wenxianensis wenxianensis, T. yangi, and T. ziegleri (after NISHIKAWA ET AL., 2013a). The species of Tylototriton are divided into two subgenera, Tylototriton DUBOIS & RAFFAËLLI, 2009 (= the T. verrucosus group [FEI ET AL., 2005]) and Yaotriton DUBOIS & RAFFAËLLI, 2009 (= the T. asperrimus group [FEI ET AL., 2005]). The subgenus Tylototriton includes T. daweishanensis, T. kweichowensis, T. pseudove,rrucosus, T. shanjing, T. taliangensis, T. uyenoi, T. verrucosus (also v. pulcherrima), and T. yangi, while Yaotriton includes T. asperrimus, T. broadoridgus, T. hainanensis, T. lizhenchangi, T. notialis, T. panhai, T. vietnamensis, T. wenxianensis (also w. dabienicus), and T. ziegleri (after NISHIKAWA ET AL., 2013a). Recently, NISHIKAWA ET AL. (2013a) described two new species from Thailand: one from the subgenus Tylototriton and the other from the subgenus Yaotriton. In that paper, they noted the presence of two more lineages in the subgenus Tylototriton based on results of molecular phylogenetic analyses. These two lineages, one from central Myanmar and the 1 Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Yoshida Nihonmatsu-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606–8501, Japan 2 Kunming Institute of Zoology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Jiaochang Donglu, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China * Corresponding author. E-mail: hynobius@zoo.zool.kyoto-u.ac.jp Received 17 February 2014; accepted 8 May 2014. 9 10 KANTO NISHIKAWA, MASAFUMI MATSUI AND DINGQI RAO other from Nepal, were tentatively identified asT. verrucosus and their taxonomic status has been undetermined. In the present paper, we examined morphology and molecular characteristics of one of them, the lineage from central Myanmar, and describe it as a new species. MATERIALS AND METHODS DNA Sequence We obtained sequence data of NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 region (ND2) of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from tissue samples preserved in 99 % ethanol. The present ND2 region of mtDNA has been proven to be useful for delineating species in the genus Tylototriton (NISHIKAWA ET AL., 2013a, b). Methods for DNA extraction and amplification and sequencing of the DNA fragment are the same as those reported by NISHIKAWA ET AL. (2013a, b). We constructed phylogenetic trees using our own new sequences of six specimens of Tylototriton from Shan, Myanmar, and Yunnan, China. For comparisons, 12 DNA sequences of Tylototriton and one sequence each of Echinotriton andersoni, Pleurodeles waltl, and Notophthalmus viridescens were obtained from GenBank (Table 1, Fig. 1). The optimum substitution models were selected by Kakusan 4 (TANABE, 2011). We then constructed phylogenetic trees by Bayesian inference (BI) and maximum likelihood (ML) methods using MrBayes v3.1.2 (HUELSENBECK & RONQUIST, 2001) and TREEFINDER ver. Mar. 2011 (JOBB, 2011), respectively. The criterion used for model selection was AIC. The best substitution models for BI and ML were the general time reversible model (GTR: TAVARÉ, 1986) + G, and the J3 (JOBB, 2011) with gamma shape parameter (G), respectively. Two independent runs of four Markov chains were conducted for ten million generations. We sampled one tree every 100 generations and calculated a consensus topology for 70,000 trees after discarding the first 30,001 trees (burn-in = 3,000,000). For the Bayesian analysis, we considered posterior probabilities (bpp) 95 % or greater as significant support( LEACHÉ & REEDER, 2002). The robustness of the ML tree was tested using bootstrap analysis (FELSENSTEIN, 1985) with 1000 replicates. We regarded tree topologies with bootstrap values (bs) of 70 % or greater as sufficiently supported (HUELSENBECK & HILLIS, 1993). Pairwise comparisons of uncorrected sequence divergences (p-distance) were calculated using MEGA5 (TAMURA ET AL., 2011). Morphological Comparisons We compared morphometric characters of the Myanmar species with those of topotypes of T. v. verrucosus and the type series of T. uyenoi. The Myanmar species has been identified as the former species (STUArt ET AL., 2010; NISHIKAWA ET AL., 2013a). Further, only the latter species has dull-colored markings in the subgenus Tylototriton. The remaining taxa of the subgenus have more brightly-colored markings on head, body, and/or tail, except for T. daweishanensis [blackish body like T. v. verrucosus]: see below and NISHIKAWA ET AL. [2013a]). We also used specimens of the other congeners (16 species/subspecies; see Appendix 1) deposited in the California Academy of Sciences (CAS), Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CIB), Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University Table 1. Samples of Tylototriton species and related species used for molecular analyses. CAS = California Academy of Sciences; CIB = Chengdu Institute of Biology; KUHE = Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University; MVZ = Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley; NMNS = National Museum of Natural Science, Taiwan. Sample Species or subspecies Voucher Locality GenBank Source no. accession no. A NEW SPECIESOF NEW A Ingroup 1 Tylototriton asperrimus CIB 200807055 Jinxiu, Guangxi, China KC147815 SHEN ET AL. (2012) 2 T. kweichowensis MVZ 230371 Daguan, Yunnan, China DQ517851 WEISROCK ET AL. (2006) 3 T. panhai - Phu Hin Rong Kla NP, Phitsanulok, Thailand AB830735 NISHIKAWA ET AL. (2013b) T. shanjing ISHIKAWA ET AL. 4 NMNS 3682 Jingdong, Yunnan, China AB830721 N (2013b) TYLOTOTRITON 5 T. shanjing KUHE 42348 Myanmar (Pet trade) AB769544 NISHIKAWA ET AL. (2013a) 6 T. shanjing KUHE 42842 Myanmar (Pet trade) AB830722 NISHIKAWA ET AL. (2013b) 7 T. taliangensis KUHE 43361 Unknown (Pet trade) AB769543 NISHIKAWA ET AL. (2013a) T. uyenoi NISHIKAWA ET AL. (2013b) 8 KUHE 19147 Doi Suthep, Chiang Mai, Thailand AB830733 9 T. verrucosus pulcherrima KUHE 46406 Yunnan, China (Pet trade) AB830738 NISHIKAWA ET AL. (2013b) MYANMAR FROM CENTRAL 10 T. verrucosus verrucosus KIZ 201306055 Husa, Yunnan, China AB922818 This study 11 T. verrucosus verrucosus KIZ 201306056 Husa, Yunnan, China AB922819 This study 12 T. verrucosus verrucosus KIZ 201306058 Husa, Yunnan, China AB922820 This study 13 T. verrucosus verrucosus KIZ 201306059 Husa, Yunnan, China AB922821 This study 14 T. verrucosus verrucosus CAS 230899 Taunggyi, Shan, Myanmar HM770087 STUArt ET AL. (2010) 15 T. verrucosus verrucosus CAS 230933 Taunggyi, Shan, Myanmar AB922822 This study 16 T. verrucosus verrucosus CAS 230940 Taunggyi, Shan, Myanmar AB922823 This study 17 T. verrucosus verrucosus MVZ no number Nepal DQ517854 WEISROCK ET AL. (2006) 18 T. yangi KUHE 42282 China (Pet trade) AB769546 NISHIKAWA ET AL. (2013a) Outgroup Echinotriton andersoni AB769545 NISHIKAWA ET AL. (2013a) 19 KUHE no number Nago, Okinawa, Japan 11 20 Pleurodeles waltl MVZ 162384 Rabat, Morocco DQ517813 WEISROCK ET AL. (2006) 21 Notophthalmus viridescens MVZ 230959 St. Charles, Missouri, USA DQ517795 WEISROCK ET AL. (2006) NP: National Park 12 KANTO NISHIKAWA, MASAFUMI MATSUI AND DINGQI RAO Figure 1. A map showing localities of the samples of Tylototriton. For sample number, refer to Table 1. Samples of 5–7, 9, and 18 obtained from pet traders are not shown. (KUHE), Herpetological collection of the National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo (NSMT-H), National Museum of Natural Science, Taiwan (NMNS), Thailand Natural History Museum (THNHM), and Vietnam National Museum of Nature (VNMN) for comparisons (Appendix 1). The following 13 measurements were taken for morphometric comparisons (character definitions not mentioned below are given in NISHIKAWA ET AL. [2011]): SVL (snout-vent length) from tip of snout to anterior tip of vent; HL (head length); HW (head width); MXHW (maximum head width); IND (internarial distance); AGD (axilla-groin distance); TRL (trunk length); TAL (tail length) from anterior tip of vent to tail tip; VL (vent length); FLL (forelimb length); HLL (hindlimb length); VTW (vomerine tooth series width): the greatest width of vomerine tooth series; VTL (vomerine tooth series length): the greatest length of vomerine tooth series. All measurements were taken to the nearest 0.1 mm with a dial caliper. We used a stereoscopic binocular microscope when necessary. The
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A New Species of Crocodile Newt, Genus Tylototriton (Amphibia, Caudata, Salamandridae) from the Mountains of Kachin State, Northern Myanmar
    ZOOLOGICAL RESEARCH A new species of Crocodile Newt, genus Tylototriton (Amphibia, Caudata, Salamandridae) from the mountains of Kachin State, northern Myanmar Than Zaw1, Paw Lay2, Parinya Pawangkhanant3, Vladislav A. Gorin4, Nikolay A. Poyarkov, Jr.4,5,* 1Zoology Department, Mohnyin Degree College, Mohnyin, Kachin State, Myanmar 2Flora and Fauna International, Lon Ton Village, Indawgyi, Kachin State, Myanmar 3Bansomdejchaopraya Rajabhat University, Hiran Ruchi, Thon Buri, Bangkok 10600, Thailand 4Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia 5Joint Russian-Vietnamese Tropical Research and Technological Center, Nghia Do, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam ABSTRACT studies of the genus Tylototriton has indicated that the genus is monophyletic (Nishikawa et al., 2013a, 2013b; Phimmachak We describe a new species of the genus Tylototriton et al., 2015; Wang et al., 2018) and includes two major from Ingyin Taung Mt., Mohnyin Township, Kachin groups, corresponding to the subgenera Tylototriton s. str. and State, Myanmar, based on morphological and Yaotriton (Wang et al., 2018). Molecular taxonomy methods molecular evidence. The new species is assigned to have proven to be useful for deciphering taxonomic diversity the subgenus Tylototriton s. str. and is clearly distinct of the genus Tylototriton, with 13 species (over 50%) described from all known congeners by the following characters: in the past five years (Grismer et al., 2018a; Hou et al., 2012; medium body size; thin, long tail, lacking lateral Khatiwada et al., 2015; Nishikawa et al., 2013a, 2013b, 2014; grooves; rough skin; truncate snout; wide, protruding Phimmachak et al., 2015; Shen et al., 2012; Yang et al., 2014; supratemporal bony ridges on head, beginning at Zhao et al., 2012).
    [Show full text]
  • Cop18 Prop. 39
    Original language: English CoP18 Prop. 39 CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA ____________________ Eighteenth meeting of the Conference of the Parties Colombo (Sri Lanka), 23 May – 3 June 2019 CONSIDERATION OF PROPOSALS FOR AMENDMENT OF APPENDICES I AND II A. Proposal Inclusion of Echinotriton chinhaiensis (Chang, 1932) and Echinotriton maxiquadratus Hou, Wu, Yang, Zheng, Yuan, and Li, 2014, both of which are endemic to China in Appendix Ⅱ, in accordance with Article Ⅱ, paragraph 2 (a) of the Convention and satisfying Criterion B in Annex 2a of Resolution Conf. 9.24 (Rev. CoP17). The international trade of these two newts should be monitored to minimise the impact of illegal hunting driven by international pet trade or collection on the survival of these two critically endangered species B. Proponent China*: C. Supporting statement 1. Taxonomy 1.1 Class: Amphibia 1.2 Order: Caudata 1.3 Family: Salamandridae 1.4 Genus, species or subspecies, including author and year: 1.5 Scientific synonyms: Echinotriton chinhaiensis: Tylototriton chinhaiensis Chang, 1932; Tylototriton (Echinotriton) chinhaiensis; Pleurodeles chinhaiensis (Chang, 1932); Pleurodeles (Tylototrion) chinhaiensis 1.6 Common names: English: E. chinhaiensis: Chinhai Spiny Newt, Chinhai Spiny Crocodile Newt E. maxiquadratus: Mountain Spiny Newt, Mountain Spiny Crocodile Newt French: Spanish: 1.7 Code numbers: N/A * The geographical designations employed in this document do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the CITES Secretariat (or the United Nations Environment Programme) concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The responsibility for the contents of the document rests exclusively with its author.
    [Show full text]
  • Conservation Matters: CITES and New Herp Listings
    Conservation matters:FEATURE | CITES CITES and new herp listings The red-tailed knobby newt (Tylototriton kweichowensis) now has a higher level of protection under CITES. Photo courtesy Milan Zygmunt/www. shutterstock.com What are the recent CITES listing changes and what do they mean for herp owners? Dr. Thomas E.J. Leuteritz from the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service explains. id you know that your pet It is not just live herp may be a species of animals that are protected wildlife? Many covered by CITES, exotic reptiles and but parts and Damphibians are protected under derivatives too, such as crocodile skins CITES, also known as the Convention that feature in the on International Trade in Endangered leather trade. Plants Species of Wild Fauna and Flora. and timber are also Initiated in 1973, CITES is an included. international agreement currently Photo courtesy asharkyu/ signed by 182 countries and the www.shutterstock.com European Union (also known as responsibility of the Secretary of the How does CITES work? Parties), which regulates Interior, who has tasked the U.S. Fish Species protected by CITES are international trade in more than and Wildlife Service (USFWS) as the included in one of three lists, 35,000 wild animal and plant species, lead agency responsible for the referred to as Appendices, according including their parts, products, and Convention’s implementation. You to the degree of protection they derivatives. can help USFWS conserve these need: Appendix I includes species The aim of CITES is to ensure that species by complying with CITES threatened with extinction and international trade in specimens of and other wildlife laws to ensure provides the greatest level of wild animals and plants does not that your activities as a pet owner or protection, including restrictions on threaten their survival in the wild.
    [Show full text]
  • A New Species of the Genus Tylototriton (Amphibia: Urodela: Salamandridae) from Eastern Himalaya
    Asian Herpetological Research 2015, 6(4): 245–256 ORIGINAL ARTICLE DOI: 10.16373/j.cnki.ahr.140097 A New Species of the Genus Tylototriton (Amphibia: Urodela: Salamandridae) from Eastern Himalaya Janak Raj KHATIWADA1, 2**, Bin WANG1**, Subarna GHIMIRE3, Karthikeyan VASUDEVAN4, Shanta PAUDEL5 and Jianping JIANG1* 1 Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China 2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquanlu, Beijing 100049, China 3 Tribhuvan University, Central Department of Zoology, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal 4 CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Laboratory for the Conservation of Endangered Species, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500048, India 5 Himalayan Research and Conservation Nepal, GPO Box 8975 EPC 5997, Kathmandu, Nepal Abstract A new species of the genus Tylototriton is described from eastern Himalaya based on molecular and morphological comparisons. The new species is diagnosable from the closely-related species by having light brown colouration in dorsal region in life, flat and blunt snout, greatly separated dorsolateral bony ridges on head and straight- thick tailfin. In addition to head morphology, the new species is also morphologically distinguishable from its closely- related species Tylototriton shanorum by having 16 dorsal warts and average smaller Snout Vent Length (SVL). Keywords Tylototriton himalayanus sp. nov., eastern Himalaya, morphology, molecular phylogeny, taxonomy 1. Introduction some cryptic species are still need to be confirmed (Nishikawa et al., 2013a; Nishikawa et al., 2014; Zhang The salamandrid genus Tylototriton Anderson, 1871 et al., 2013). Some of the newly-described species are ranges across eastern Himalaya, Indochina and South found on the edge of the distribution of Tylototriton, China, and presently includes 21 species (Fei et al., for example, T.
    [Show full text]
  • Zootaxa, a New Species in the Tylototriton Asperrimus Group
    TERMS OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website is prohibited. Zootaxa 2650: 19–32 (2010) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2010 · Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) A new species in the Tylototriton asperrimus group (Caudata: Salamandridae) from central Laos BRYAN L. STUART1,2,6, SOMPHOUTHONE PHIMMACHAK3,4, NIANE SIVONGXAY3 & WILLIAM G. ROBICHAUD5 1North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, 11 West Jones Street, Raleigh NC 27601, USA 2Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, 3101 Valley Life Sciences Building, University of California, Berkeley CA 94720-3160, USA 3National University of Laos, Faculty of Sciences, Vientiane, Lao PDR 4Wildlife Conservation Society, P.O. Box 6712, Vientiane, Lao PDR 5Nam Theun 2 Watershed Management and Protection Authority, P.O. Box 190, Thakhek, Khammouan Province, Lao PDR 6Corresponding author. E-mail: bryan.stuart@ncdenr.gov Abstract A new species in the morphologically conservative Tylototriton asperrimus group is described from Khammouan Province, Laos. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial DNA confirms its placement in the T. asperrimus group. Tylototriton notialis sp. nov. is diagnosable in mitochondrial DNA, nuclear DNA, and morphology from its congeners. The new species represents the first record of the genus from Laos, and is the southernmost known member of the T. asperrimus group. Key words: Caudata, Laos, Southeast Asia, Tylototriton Introduction The Asian newt genus Tylototriton Anderson, 1871 contains eight species (Dubois & Raffaëlli 2009) distributed from Nepal to northern Vietnam. These eight species consist of two clades, the T. verrucosus group (= subgenus Tylototriton Dubois & Raffaëlli 2009) containing T.
    [Show full text]
  • 50 CFR Ch. I (10–1–20 Edition) § 16.14
    § 15.41 50 CFR Ch. I (10–1–20 Edition) Species Common name Serinus canaria ............................................................. Common Canary. 1 Note: Permits are still required for this species under part 17 of this chapter. (b) Non-captive-bred species. The list 16.14 Importation of live or dead amphib- in this paragraph includes species of ians or their eggs. non-captive-bred exotic birds and coun- 16.15 Importation of live reptiles or their tries for which importation into the eggs. United States is not prohibited by sec- Subpart C—Permits tion 15.11. The species are grouped tax- onomically by order, and may only be 16.22 Injurious wildlife permits. imported from the approved country, except as provided under a permit Subpart D—Additional Exemptions issued pursuant to subpart C of this 16.32 Importation by Federal agencies. part. 16.33 Importation of natural-history speci- [59 FR 62262, Dec. 2, 1994, as amended at 61 mens. FR 2093, Jan. 24, 1996; 82 FR 16540, Apr. 5, AUTHORITY: 18 U.S.C. 42. 2017] SOURCE: 39 FR 1169, Jan. 4, 1974, unless oth- erwise noted. Subpart E—Qualifying Facilities Breeding Exotic Birds in Captivity Subpart A—Introduction § 15.41 Criteria for including facilities as qualifying for imports. [Re- § 16.1 Purpose of regulations. served] The regulations contained in this part implement the Lacey Act (18 § 15.42 List of foreign qualifying breed- U.S.C. 42). ing facilities. [Reserved] § 16.2 Scope of regulations. Subpart F—List of Prohibited Spe- The provisions of this part are in ad- cies Not Listed in the Appen- dition to, and are not in lieu of, other dices to the Convention regulations of this subchapter B which may require a permit or prescribe addi- § 15.51 Criteria for including species tional restrictions or conditions for the and countries in the prohibited list.
    [Show full text]
  • A New Species of the Genus Tylototriton (Amphibia: Urodela: Salamandridae) from the Southern Dabie Mountains in Anhui Province
    Asian Herpetological Research 2017, 8(3): 151–164 ORIGINAL ARTICLE DOI: 10.16373/j.cnki.ahr.170013 A New Species of the Genus Tylototriton (Amphibia: Urodela: Salamandridae) from the Southern Dabie Mountains in Anhui Province Lifu QIAN1**, Xiaonan SUN1**, Jiaqi LI2, Weibo GUO2, Tao PAN1, Xing KANG1, Hui WANG1, Jianping JIANG3, Jun WU2* and Baowei ZHANG1* 1 Anhui Key Laboratory of Eco-engineering and Bio-technique, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China 2 Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences under the Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu, China 3 Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China Abstract A new species of the genus Tylototriton is described, from Yuexi county, Anhui province, in the south of the Dabie Mountains. It is based on morphological and molecular analysis. The new species is identified as belonging to the Tylototriton asperrimus group and shares a number of similarities with T. wenxianensis, T. broadoridgus and T. dabienicus. The diagnostic characteristics of the new species are as follows: the head length is greater than the width of the head; bony ridges on the head are prominent and necked-in; the distal digit ends, ventral digits, peripheral area of the cloaca and the tail’s lower edge are orange. The result from the molecular analysis of the genus Tylototriton (including the type specimen of the new species) based on three mitochondrial genes (ND1, ND2 and CYTB) indicated that the new species was close to T. wenxianensis, T. dabienicus, and T. broadoridgus, but formed an independent clade. This result was consistent with the morphological analysis above, which supports the theory that the population distributed in the south of the Dabie Mountains, namely in from Yuexi county, Anhui province, represented a distinct species, Tylototriton anhuiensis sp.
    [Show full text]
  • I Online Supplementary Data – Sexual Size Dimorphism in Salamanders
    Online Supplementary data – Sexual size dimorphism in salamanders Supplementary data S1. Species data used in this study and references list. Males Females SSD Significant test Ref Species n SVL±SD n SVL±SD Andrias davidianus 2 532.5 8 383.0 -0.280 12 Cryptobranchus alleganiensis 53 277.4±5.2 52 300.9±3.4 0.084 Yes 61 Batrachuperus karlschmidti 10 80.0 10 84.8 0.060 26 Batrachuperus londongensis 20 98.6 10 96.7 -0.019 12 Batrachuperus pinchonii 5 69.6 5 74.6 0.070 26 Batrachuperus taibaiensis 11 92.9±12.1 9 102.1±7.1 0.099 Yes 27 Batrachuperus tibetanus 10 94.5 10 92.8 -0.017 12 Batrachuperus yenyuadensis 10 82.8 10 74.8 -0.096 26 Hynobius abei 24 57.8±2.1 34 55.0±1.2 -0.048 Yes 92 Hynobius amakusaensis 22 75.4±4.8 12 76.5±3.6 0.014 No 93 Hynobius arisanensis 72 54.3±4.8 40 55.2±4.8 0.016 No 94 Hynobius boulengeri 37 83.0±5.4 15 91.5±3.8 0.102 Yes 95 Hynobius formosanus 15 53.0±4.4 8 52.4±3.9 -0.011 No 94 Hynobius fuca 4 50.9±2.8 3 52.8±2.0 0.037 No 94 Hynobius glacialis 12 63.1±4.7 11 58.9±5.2 -0.066 No 94 Hynobius hidamontanus 39 47.7±1.0 15 51.3±1.2 0.075 Yes 96 Hynobius katoi 12 58.4±3.3 10 62.7±1.6 0.073 Yes 97 Hynobius kimurae 20 63.0±1.5 15 72.7±2.0 0.153 Yes 98 Hynobius leechii 70 61.6±4.5 18 66.5±5.9 0.079 Yes 99 Hynobius lichenatus 37 58.5±1.9 2 53.8 -0.080 100 Hynobius maoershanensis 4 86.1 2 80.1 -0.069 101 Hynobius naevius 72.1 76.7 0.063 102 Hynobius nebulosus 14 48.3±2.9 12 50.4±2.1 0.043 Yes 96 Hynobius osumiensis 9 68.4±3.1 15 70.2±3.0 0.026 No 103 Hynobius quelpaertensis 41 52.5±3.8 4 61.3±4.1 0.167 Yes 104 Hynobius
    [Show full text]
  • Feeding in Amphibians: Evolutionary Transformations and Phenotypic Diversity As Drivers of Feeding System Diversity
    Chapter 12 Feeding in Amphibians: Evolutionary Transformations and Phenotypic Diversity as Drivers of Feeding System Diversity Anthony Herrel, James C. O’Reilly, Anne-Claire Fabre, Carla Bardua, Aurélien Lowie, Renaud Boistel and Stanislav N. Gorb Abstract Amphibians are different from most other tetrapods because they have a biphasic life cycle, with larval forms showing a dramatically different cranial anatomy and feeding strategy compared to adults. Amphibians with their exceptional diversity in habitats, lifestyles and reproductive modes are also excellent models for studying the evolutionary divergence in feeding systems. In the present chapter, we review the literature on amphibian feeding anatomy and function published since 2000. We also present some novel unpublished data on caecilian feeding biome- chanics. This review shows that over the past two decades important new insights in our understanding of amphibian feeding anatomy and function have been made possible, thanks to a better understanding of the phylogenetic relationships between taxa, analyses of development and the use of biomechanical modelling. In terms of functional analyses, important advances involve the temperature-dependent nature of tongue projection mechanisms and the plasticity exhibited by animals when switch- A. Herrel (B) Département Adaptations du Vivant, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, UMR 7179 C.N.R.S/M.N.H.N, 55 rue Buffon, 75005, Paris Cedex 05, France e-mail: anthony.herrel@mnhn.fr J. C. O’Reilly Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, Cleveland Campus, Cleveland, Ohio 334C, USA A.-C. Fabre · C. Bardua Life Sciences Department, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK A. Lowie Department of Biology Evolutionary, Morphology of Vertebrates, Ghent University, K.L.
    [Show full text]
  • Salamander Species Listed As Injurious Wildlife Under 50 CFR 16.14 Due to Risk of Salamander Chytrid Fungus Effective January 28, 2016
    Salamander Species Listed as Injurious Wildlife Under 50 CFR 16.14 Due to Risk of Salamander Chytrid Fungus Effective January 28, 2016 Effective January 28, 2016, both importation into the United States and interstate transportation between States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, or any territory or possession of the United States of any live or dead specimen, including parts, of these 20 genera of salamanders are prohibited, except by permit for zoological, educational, medical, or scientific purposes (in accordance with permit conditions) or by Federal agencies without a permit solely for their own use. This action is necessary to protect the interests of wildlife and wildlife resources from the introduction, establishment, and spread of the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans into ecosystems of the United States. The listing includes all species in these 20 genera: Chioglossa, Cynops, Euproctus, Hydromantes, Hynobius, Ichthyosaura, Lissotriton, Neurergus, Notophthalmus, Onychodactylus, Paramesotriton, Plethodon, Pleurodeles, Salamandra, Salamandrella, Salamandrina, Siren, Taricha, Triturus, and Tylototriton The species are: (1) Chioglossa lusitanica (golden striped salamander). (2) Cynops chenggongensis (Chenggong fire-bellied newt). (3) Cynops cyanurus (blue-tailed fire-bellied newt). (4) Cynops ensicauda (sword-tailed newt). (5) Cynops fudingensis (Fuding fire-bellied newt). (6) Cynops glaucus (bluish grey newt, Huilan Rongyuan). (7) Cynops orientalis (Oriental fire belly newt, Oriental fire-bellied newt). (8) Cynops orphicus (no common name). (9) Cynops pyrrhogaster (Japanese newt, Japanese fire-bellied newt). (10) Cynops wolterstorffi (Kunming Lake newt). (11) Euproctus montanus (Corsican brook salamander). (12) Euproctus platycephalus (Sardinian brook salamander). (13) Hydromantes ambrosii (Ambrosi salamander). (14) Hydromantes brunus (limestone salamander). (15) Hydromantes flavus (Mount Albo cave salamander).
    [Show full text]
  • Cop18 Prop. 40
    Original language: English CoP18 Prop. 40 CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA ____________________ Eighteenth meeting of the Conference of the Parties Colombo (Sri Lanka), 23 May – 3 June 2019 CONSIDERATION OF PROPOSALS FOR AMENDMENT OF APPENDICES I AND II A. Proposal Inclusion of all species of the genus Paramesotriton endemic to the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam and People’s Republic of China in Appendix II of CITES, with the exception of P. hongkongensis which has already been included in CITES Appendix II at CoP17. This proposed inclusion is in accordance with Article II paragraph 2(a) of the Convention, satisfying the respective criteria of Resolution Conf. 9.24 (Rev. CoP17), as follows: Annex 2 a: - criterion A, on the grounds that trade in the species P. caudopunctatus, P. fuzhongensis and P. guangxiensis must be regulated to prevent them to become eligible for listing in Appendix I in the near future; - criterion B to ensure that the harvest of wild individuals of the species P. labiatus and P. yunwuensis is not reducing the wild population to a level at which their survival might be threatened; Annex 2 b: - criterion A, since individuals of the species P. aurantius, P. caudopunctatus, P. fuzhongensis, P. guangxiensis, P. labiatus, P maolanensis, P. yunwuensis, P. zhijinensis are commercially exploited and eligible to be listed in Appendix II, and resemble those species of the remaining genus Paramesotriton (P. chinensis, P. deloustali, P. longliensis, P. qixilingensis, P. wulingensis), including P. hongkongensis already included in Appendix II and it is unlikely that government officers responsible for trade monitoring will be able to distinguish between them.
    [Show full text]
  • Tylototriton Uyenoi, T
    The Herpetological Bulletin 147, 2019: 15-18 SHORT NOTE https://doi.org/10.33256/hb147.1518 New localities for Tylototriton uyenoi, T. panhai and T. anguliceps in Thailand with remarks on the southernmost distribution of the genus AXEL HERNANDEZ1, DANIEL ESCORIZA2, PORRAWEE POMCHOTE3 & MIAN HOU4 1Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technics, University Pasquale Paoli of Corsica, Corte, 20250, France 2GRECO, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17071 Girona, Spain 3Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand 4College of Continuing Education, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610068, China Corresponding author Email: hernandez.axel.1989@gmail.com INTRODUCTION MATERIALS AND METHODS he genus Tylototriton inhabits tropical and subtropical, We conducted field work over a three-year period Tmoist broad-leaf forests close to waterbodies at moderate 2014‒2016 and 2018 respectively, during the monsoon to high elevations between 1,250 and 1,900 m above sea season (April to September) in north-western, northern and level (m a.s.l.) in Thailand (Taylor, 1962; Wongratana, 1984; north-eastern Thailand. Nabhitabhata & Chan-ard, 2005; Pomchote et al., 2008; Observations of the vegetation and habitat of salamanders Nishikawa et al., 2013; Hernandez, 2016a,b; Dowwiangkan were made during field trips both on sunny and on rainy days et al., 2018). Three species were reported in the region, from approximately 08:00 h to 23:30 h. We surveyed almost Tylototriton uyenoi, Tylototriton panhai and Tylototriton all types of habitat which included permanent and temporary anguliceps (Nishikawa et al., 2013; Le et al., 2015). These streams but also ponds (including artificial reservoirs and crocodile newts are distributed throughout northern Thailand irrigation canals), and surrounding terrestrial habitats, but their occurrence and ecological requirements are poorly stumps, stones and litter.
    [Show full text]