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Abstracts for the 15Th International Congress on Twin Studies and the 3Rd World Congress on Twin Pregnancy

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Abstracts for the 15Th International Congress on Twin Studies and the 3Rd World Congress on Twin Pregnancy Twin Research and Human Genetics Volume 17 Number 5 pp. 411–493 Abstracts for the 15th International Congress on Twin Studies and the 3rd World Congress on Twin Pregnancy the FinnTwin16 study sample, having been ahead in climbing stairs CHILDHOOD MOTOR DEVELOPMENT AND LEISURE-TIME unaided (p = .04), in agility (p = .02) and in general motor skills PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN YOUNG ADULTHOOD: A (p = .005) in childhood also predicted higher leisure-time MET DISCORDANT TWIN-PAIR ANALYSIS values as young adults. A similar tendency was seen for childhood S. Aaltonen1,2,A.Latvala1,U.M.Kujala3,J.Kaprio1,4,5, K. Silventoinen2 agility in the FinnTwin12 study sample but the difference was not statistically significant in this sample. The co-twins who had been 1Department of Public Health, The Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, ahead in walking unaided in infancy had statistically significantly Finland higher leisure-time MET values in young adulthood according to 2Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland = 3Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyvaskyl¨ a,¨ Jyvaskyl¨ a,¨ Finland the FinnTwin12 study sample (p .05). However, this association 4Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland was not seen in the FinnTwin16 study sample. The significance of 5Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute for the associations were robust to adjustment for birth weight and birth Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland order with the exception of with the indicator ‘standing unaided’ in Introduction: Previous longitudinal studies have shown that the mo- the FinnTwin12 cohort. Conclusion: More advanced childhood mo- tor proficiency in early life may act as a determinant of physical ac- tor development is associated with higher leisure-time MET values tivity in later life. However, familial factors including genetic effects in young adulthood at least partly independently of familial back- may explain the association, but long-term follow-up studies taking ground. Motor skill interventions to improve movement skills of into account potential confounding by family background are still preschool children may be effective in promoting long-term physi- missing. The study design of discordant same-sex twin pairs enables cal activity. adjustment for genetic, familial and other factors shared by co-twins. The aim of the present twin study was to investigate whether the parental reports of within-pair differences in childhood motor skill development are associated with self-reported leisure-time physical HERITABILITY OF LOWER URINARY TRACT SYMPTOMS IN activity levels in young adulthood independently of familial back- MEN Materials and Methods: ground. Participants were identified from 1 1 2 2 3 3 two ongoing Finnish twin studies, the FinnTwin12 and FinnTwin16 N. Afari ,M.Gasperi ,C.Forsberg , J. Goldberg , D. Buchwald ,J.Krieger studies. 1,550 twin pairs (795 MZ, 755 same-sexed DZ) from the 1VA Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health & University of California, San FinnTwin12 study and 1,752 twin pairs (882 MZ, same-sexed 871 Diego, USA DZ) from the FinnTwin16 study with the relevant variables were 2Vietnam Era Twin Registry, Seattle, USA 3University of Washington, Seattle, USA included in the analysis. Childhood motor development was as- sessed by questionnaire sent to the parents at baseline (age 11 for Introduction: Urinary conditions such as urinary incontinence, over- FinnTwin12 and age 16 for FinnTwin16). Parents reported whether active bladder, and chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome one or the other of the co-twins had been ahead in motor skill de- are common, comorbid, disabling, and without clear etiology. Com- velopment in infancy and childhood. The motor skill development mon to all of these conditions are non-specific urinary symptoms indicators assessed were: (1) turning over from back to stomach, (2) such as urgency and frequency, known as Lower Urinary Tract standing unaided, (3) walking unaided, (4) climbing stairs unaided, Symptoms (LUTS). LUTS are associated with significant negative (5) general motor skills at age 6 years, (6) agility in childhood and (7) impact on quality of life and economic burden, and increase with physical strength in childhood. Leisure-time physical activity was advancing age. However, little is known about the etiology of LUTS assessed at wave 4 of each study, when the twins were young adults and the relative contribution of genetic and environmental factors to (mean age 24.4 years, SD 1.3 years, range 19–28). Leisure-time the phenotypic variance of LUTS. To date, only one study has ex- physical activity was based on questionnaire data, and the activity amined the heritability of LUTS in women, finding robust evidence level was assessed as leisure-time MET hours/day. The associations of a genetic influence for susceptibility to urinary incontinence, fre- between the pairwise differences in childhood motor development quency and nocturia, but also that shared environmental factors seem indicators and pairwise differences in leisure-time physical activity important for the predisposition to develop overactive bladder. No levels in young adulthood were analyzed using conditional linear similar studies have focused on heritability of LUTS in men. Mate- regression analysis. Results: In both cohorts, learning to stand un- rials and Methods: The aim of this study was to examine the relative aided earlier in infancy predicted higher leisure-time MET values in contribution of genetic and environmental factors to the phenotypic young adulthood (FinnTwin16 p = .001 and FinnTwin12 p = .02). In variance of LUTS in men. Data from the Vietnam Era Twin Registry 411 Abstracts for the 15th International Congress on Twin Studies and the 3rd World Congress on Twin Pregnancy were used to address this aim. Male health conditions were assessed sion adjusted for dependence within twin pairs. Results: We found by a mail health survey that included the International Prostate that risk of breast cancer was similar in female twins and singletons, Symptom Score (I-PSS), an 8-item validated self-report measure of whereas twins had a slightly lower risk of cancer of corpus uteri and LUTS. Biometric modeling was used to evaluate the genetic and en- ovary. The SIRs (95% CIs) were 1.02 (0.99;1.05) for breast can- vironmental contribution to variance for LUTS. Results: The sample cer, 0.92 (0.86;0.98) for corpus uteri cancer, and 0.92 (0.86;0.99) consisted of 1,002 monozygotic (MZ) and 580 dizygotic (DZ) male for cancer of ovary and uterine adnexa. Male twins had a slightly twin pairs. Participants were middle aged adults (mean age = 50.2 higher risk of prostate cancer than singleton males before the age years; SD = 3 years) and predominantly Caucasian (94.3%). Nearly of 70, SIR = 1.09 (1.04;1.14), but similar incidence was found for 25% of the entire sample had an I-PSS score > 8 which is indicative testicular cancer. For cancer at all sites, a slightly lower risk was of at least moderate LUTS and is consistent with prevalence in the found for twins than singletons of both sexes. The SIR was 0.96 community. The best fitting models for the symptoms of incomplete (0.95;0.98) for females and 0.95 (0.93;0.97) for males. No signifi- emptying, frequency, urgency, weak stream, and nocturia included cant differences in cancer incidence were found between OS and SS additive genetic and non-shared environmental effects; the mod- twins neither for hormone-related cancers nor cancers at all sites. els for intermittency and straining included additive genetic, shared However, an indication of an increased risk of corpus uteri cancer environment, and non-shared environment. Heritability estimates among premenopausal OS than among SS female twins was found, ranged from 21% (nocturia) to 37% (intermittency), with moder- IRR = 1.55 (0.98;2.47) — possibly a result of multiple testing. ate heritability (34–36%) for the frequency and urgency symptoms. Conclusion: The present study found no evidence for the maternal Conclusion: Understanding the heritability of these symptoms is im- estrogen hypothesis; however, a slight effect of estrogen exposure portant to elucidating the underlying contributing factors to urinary in utero on prostate cancer risk cannot be excluded. In addition, no conditions with unclear or overlapping etiology. We found a mod- strong impact of possible elevated prenatal testosterone exposure on erate contribution of genetic factors to the phenotypic variance of cancer incidence was found. The results support that twinning per LUTS, suggesting that environmental factors may contribute sub- se is not a risk factor of cancer. stantially to these symptoms in men. Future research can further examine specific biological mechanisms and environmental factors that contribute to the development of conditions with LUTS. IS THE SEQUENTIAL LASER TECHNIQUE FOR CANCER RISK IN OPPOSITE-SEXED TWINS TWIN-TO-TWIN TRANSFUSION SYNDROME TRULY SUPERIOR TO THE STANDARD SELECTIVE TECHNIQUE? A 1 1 2 1 1 L. Ahrenfeldt ,A.Skytthe ,K.Czene ,I.Petersen , R. Lindahl-Jacobsen ,and META-ANALYSIS K. Christensen1 J. Akkermans1,S.H.P.Peeters1, F. J. Klumper1, J.M. Middeldorp1, E. Lopriore2, 1The Danish Twin Registry, Institute of Public Health, The University of Southern D. Oepkes1 Denmark 2 Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, 1Department of Obstetrics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands Stockholm, Sweden 2Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands Introduction: There is increasing evidence that some types of cancer originate in utero, particularly hormone-related cancers. Twin preg- Introduction: Sequential selective laser is an adaptation of the se- nancies are characterized by higher levels of pregnancy estrogens lective technique for the treatment of twin-to-twin transfusion syn- than singleton pregnancies. According to the maternal estrogen hy- drome (TTTS) whereby anastomoses are coagulated in a specific pothesis, elevated exposure to prenatal estrogen may increase the order.
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