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A Philosophy of Technology for Computational Law
© Mireille Hildebrandt, draft chapter for OUP’s The Philosophical Foundations of Information Technology Law, eds. David Mangan, Catherine Easton, Daithí Mac Síthigh A philosophy of technology for computational law Abstract: This chapter confronts the foundational challenges posed to legal theory and legal philosophy by the surge of computational law. Two types of computational law are at stake. On the one hand we have artificial intelligence in the legal realm that will be addressed as data-driven law, and on the other hand we have the coding of self-executing contracts and regulation in the blockchain, as well as other types of automated decision making (ADM), addressed as code-driven law. Data-driven law raises problems due to its autonomic operations and the ensuing opacity of its reasoning. Code-driven law presents us with a conflation of regulation, execution and adjudication. Though such implications are very different, both types of computational law share assumptions based on the calculability and computability of legal practice and legal research. Facing the assumptions and implications of data- and code-driven law the chapter will first investigate the affordances of current, text-driven law, and relate some of the core tenets of the Rule of Law to those affordances. This will lead to an enquiry into what computational law affords in terms of legal protection, assuming that one of the core functions of the law and the Rule of Law is to protect what is not computable. Keywords: positive law, rule of law, legal certainty, justice, -
The Future Is Bright Complicated: AI, Apps & Access to Justice
Oklahoma Law Review Volume 72 | Number 1 Symposium: Lawyering in the Age of Artificial Intelligence 2019 The Future Is B̶ r̶ i̶ g̶ h̶ t̶ ̶ Complicated: AI, Apps & Access to Justice Emily S. Taylor Poppe Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.law.ou.edu/olr Part of the Legal Ethics and Professional Responsibility Commons, Legal Profession Commons, and the Science and Technology Law Commons Recommended Citation Emily S. Taylor Poppe, The Future Is Br̶ i̶ g̶ h̶ t̶ ̶ Complicated: AI, Apps & Access to Justice, 72 Oᴋʟᴀ. L. Rᴇᴠ. 185 (2019). This Introduction is brought to you for free and open access by University of Oklahoma College of Law Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Oklahoma Law Review by an authorized editor of University of Oklahoma College of Law Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE FUTURE IS BRIGHT COMPLICATED: AI, APPS & ACCESS TO JUSTICE EMILY S. TAYLOR POPPE* Introduction Women’s garments typically have buttons on the left side with openings on the right, opposite the orientation of men’s garments. The practice is clearly a historical relic, with the best explanation being the following: when clothing designs became standardized, the wealthy women who could afford buttons did not dress themselves.1 The servants who dressed them were more likely to be right-handed, so the buttons were positioned on the woman’s left to make it easier for servants to manipulate the fasteners.2 This “button differential” reflects the fact that at one point in time, for the wealthy female portion of the population, dressing was not a task one did for oneself.3 Today, the placement of buttons is all that remains of this history. -
Blocked-Chain: the Application of the Unauthorized Practice of Law to Smart Contracts
Blocked-Chain: The Application of the Unauthorized Practice of Law to Smart Contracts SARAH TEMPLIN* INTRODUCTION In the decade since the release of the Bitcoin white paper by Satoshi Nakamoto,1 computer scientists and crypto-experts are on the cutting edge of using the blockchain for a wide array of uses, including currency and contracts. These uses of the blockchain have been slowly encroaching into regulated areas, including areas that may be ethically left to professional lawyers as practices of law. Regulators are taking notice of smart contracts and the blockchain. U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commissioner Brian Quintenz expressed his perso- nal opinion that code developers of smart contracts using the blockchain could be under the regulatory purview of the CFTC. 2 The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission brought an enforcement action against a crypto token trading plat- form that used a smart contract to execute trades.3 With regulators taking notice of the use of smart contracts in the marketplace, it seems almost inevitable that the regulators of the legal profession, including the state bar associations and state courts, will take notice of the ethical implications of the use of smart contracts on the legal profession. This note will explore the application of the unauthorized practice of law doc- trine to smart contracts and the implications for the legal profession of this appli- cation. In Part I, this note will summarize the mechanics of the technology of smart contracts and the blockchain, which forms the basis for today's smart con- tracts. In Part II, this note will explore the development and divergence of state doctrines of the unauthorized practice of law. -
2016 February Montana Lawyer
Montana State Bar of Montana LawyerFebruary 2016 | Vol. 41, No. 4 42% of Montana legal professionals who responded to survey say they have been targets of work-related threats or violence Also in this edition: > ABA TECHSHOW 2016 — State > Former longtime Lake, Silver Bow Bar of Montana members eligible for county attorneys pass away — page 27 heavily discounted registration — > Matt Thiel reflects on Magna Carta’s See page 20 for details 800th anniversary — page 3 > Montana Supreme Court orders committee to study decline in bar > Supreme Court set oral arguments exam passage rates — page 11 in Bozeman and Missoula — page 12 Montana Lawyer 1 The official magazine of the State Bar of Montana published every month except January and July by the State Bar of Montana, 7 W. Sixth Ave., Suite 2B, P.O. Box 577, Helena MT 59624. 406-442-7660; Fax 406-442-7763. INDEX E-mail: [email protected] State Bar Officers February 2016 President Matthew Thiel, Missoula President-Elect Bruce M. Spencer, Helena Feature Stories Secretary-Treasurer Survey: Threats, violence against attorneys common ................. 14 Jason Holden, Great Falls Immediate Past President Supreme Court Summaries ................................................................... 18 Mark D. Parker, Billings ABA TECHSHOW 2016 ............................................................................. 20 Chair of the Board Leslie Halligan, Missoula Essential Data Backup Practices for Your Office ............................. 21 Board of Trustees Optimize Your iOS Devices for the Enterprise ................................ 23 Elizabeth Brennan, Missoula Marybeth Sampsel, Kalispell Liesel Shoquist, Missoula Ellen Donohue, Anaconda Shari Gianarelli, Conrad Regular Features Paul Haffeman, Great Falls Kent Sipe, Roundup Member News ...............................................................................................4 Luke Berger, Helena Kate Ellis, Helena State Bar News ...............................................................................................7 J. -
Online Legal Services: the Future of the Legal Profession
Online Legal Services: The Future of the Legal Profession By: Richard S. Granat, Esq. President, DirectLaw, Inc. | Granat Legal Services, P.C. http://www.directlaw.com | www.mdfamilylawyer.com Introduction This statement discusses the delivery of online legal services over the Internet, and how rules of professional responsibility can function as a deterrent to innovation in the delivery of legal services. Certain ethical rules have the effect, in my opinion, of making legal services higher in cost than they should be, uneven in quality, and unresponsive to what the average consumer really wants. The legal profession is highly stratified, with the largest number of practitioners, who are either solo practitioners or who work in small law firms, serving consumers and small business. Our largest law firms generally serve large corporations and their interests. My experience has been primarily with solos and small law firms serving consumers and small business. I am also a solo practitioner, operating a virtual law firm in Maryland, where I am a member of the bar, from my home in Palm Beach Gardens, Florida. Thus my remarks should be understood from that perspective, although some of my analysis also applies to large law firm. ****** Background: Information Technology and the Legal Profession In general, the American Bar Association (ABA) has urged the legal community to get online. In 2000, ABA President William G. Paul established the "eLawyering Taskforce: Lawyers Serving Society through Technology" with the purpose of enabling lawyers to figure out how to deliver legal services online. At the time, President Paul observed that many industries were being transformed by the Internet and that consumers were conducting transactions online in such industries as the travel industry, the brokerage industry, the insurance industry, and the banking industry. -
Microsoft Office Server)
Microsoft Office Microsoft Office es una suite ofimática que abarca el PowerPoint. Adicionalmente, una llamada “versión pro- mercado completo en Internet e interrelaciona aplicacio- fesional” de Office incluía también Microsoft Access y nes de escritorio, servidores y servicios para los sistemas Schedule Plus. operativos Microsoft Windows y Mac OS X. Microsoft Con el transcurso de los años las aplicaciones de Offi- Office fue lanzado por Microsoft en 1989 para Apple Ma- [1] ce han crecido sustancialmente desde un punto de vista cintosh, más tarde seguido por una versión para Win- técnico, incluso comparten funcionalidades, tales como: 1990.[2] La primera versión de Office conte- dows, en corrector ortográfico común, un integrador de datos OLE nía Microsoft Word, Microsoft Excel y Microsoft Power- y el lenguaje de scripts de Visual Basic para Aplicaciones. Point. Además, una versión “Pro” (profesional) de Office Microsoft también posiciona a Office como una platafor- incluía Microsoft Access y Schedule Plus. Con el tiem- ma de desarrollo para la línea de software para negocios. po, las aplicaciones de Office han crecido sustancialmen- te y de forma más estrecha con características comparti- Las versiones actuales son Office 2013 para Windows, das, como un corrector ortográfico común, la integración lanzada el 29 de enero de 2013 y Office 2011 para Mac. de datos OLE y el lenguaje de secuencias de comandos Office 2013, anunciado el 25 de octubre de 2012 fue li- de Microsoft, Visual Basic para aplicaciones. Microsoft berado el 29 de enero de 2013 con la novedad de Office también posiciona Office como una plataforma de desa- 365. -
How Will AI Shape the Future of Law?
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Helsingin yliopiston digitaalinen arkisto How Will AI Shape the Future of Law? EDITED BY RIIKKA KOULU & LAURA KONTIAINEN 2019 Acknowledgements The editors and the University of Helsinki Legal Tech Lab would like to thank the authors and interviewees for the time and effort they put into their papers. We would also like to thank the Faculty of Law at University of Helsinki and particularly the continuous kind support of Professor Kimmo Nuotio, the former dean of the faculty and the Lab’s unofficial godfather, for facilitating the Lab’s development and for helping us make the second Legal Tech Conference happen. In addition, we would like to express our gratitude to the conference sponsors, Finnish Bar Association, the Association of Finnish Lawyers, Edita Publishing, Attorneys at Law Fondia and Attorneys at Law Roschier as well as the Legal Design Summit community for their support. It takes a village to raise a conference. Therefore, we would like to thank everyone whose time and commitment has turned the conference and this publication from an idea into reality. Thank you to the attendees, speakers, volunteers and Legal Tech Lab crew members. RIIKKA KOULU & LAURA KONTIAINEN Legal Tech Lab, University of Helsinki 2019 University of Helsinki Legal Tech Lab publications © Authors and Legal Tech Lab ISBN 978-951-51-5476-7 (print) ISBN 978-951-51-5477-4 (PDF) Print Veiters Helsinki 2019 Contents Foreword 009 KIMMO NUOTIO I Digital Transformation of -
Disruptive Legal Technology, Covid-19, and Resilience in the Profession
DISRUPTIVE LEGAL TECHNOLOGY, COVID-19, AND RESILIENCE IN THE PROFESSION Christopher A. Suarez I. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................... 394 II. THE TRANSFORMATION OF LEGAL TECHNOLOGIES AND THE RESULTING ETHICAL IMPLICATIONS .................................................... 398 A. The Ongoing Legal Technology Transformation .......................... 400 1. Legal Research and Analytics Platforms ............................... 401 2. Document Review Tools and Predictive Coding .................... 403 3. Document Drafting and Legal Writing Tools ........................ 408 a. Simple Documents and Contracts ................................... 408 b. More Complex Legal Documents .................................... 410 4. Predictive Analytics and Technologies .................................. 412 5. Online Dispute Resolution, Court, and Trial Technology ...... 415 B. A Synthesis of Legal Ethics Implications ...................................... 417 1. Fostering Legal Technology Competence and Communication ...................................................................... 417 2. Duty of Supervising Lawyers and Vendors That Use Technologies .......................................................................... 420 3. Lawyers’ and Judges’ Ethical Duties of Nondiscrimination .. 423 III. THE ETHICAL URGENCY IN LIGHT OF COVID-19 ................................ 424 A. Immediate Shift Toward Legal Technology in Response to COVID-19 .................................................................................... -
Officesuite UC Brochure
OfficeSuite UC® Cloud communications for a new world of business Powerful tools to transform the way you do business LOWER IT AND ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS LET BUSINESS TAKE PLACE EVERYWHERE Dramatically reduce the time and resources Increase productivity by enabling your required to manage and maintain your employees to work and collaborate phone system and communications seamlessly from anywhere using deskphones, services with centralized management smartphones and laptops. via the WE Connect portal. Get business calls, faxes and emails on any device Enjoy free and automatic lifetime upgrades and maintenance Meet face‑to‑face and collaborate on any project in real time Mix and match seat types and add users and features based on via video conference business demands Access and manage everything you need securely online Enhance productivity and save time when employees from anywhere self‑manage features 2 One Unified Communications (UC) solution for all your needs Cloud‑based phone system with hundreds of features and Integrates with existing off‑the‑shelf and custom developed unlimited calling business applications Native contact center application Visual voicemail and speech‑to‑text Company‑wide chat and mobile apps Online faxing tools for any device Video and audio conferencing, web collaboration tools Presence and availability UNIFY ALL EMPLOYEES AND SITES AVOID DISASTERS AND ENSURE BUSINESS CONTINUITY Use one system for your entire organization Secure everything you need in the cloud without expensive wiring or IT support. and remain -
Officesuite UC® Cloud Communications for a New World of Business Powerful Tools to Transform the Way You Do Business
OfficeSuite UC® Cloud communications for a new world of business Powerful tools to transform the way you do business Lower IT and administrative costs Let business take place everywhere Dramatically reduce the time and resources Increase productivity by enabling your required to manage and maintain your employees to work and collaborate phone system and communications seamlessly from anywhere using desk phones, services with centralized management smartphones and laptops. via the MyOfficeSuite portal. 25% Get business calls, faxes and emails on any device Enjoy free and automatic lifetime upgrades and maintenance Meet face to face and collaborate on any project in real time via video conference Add or remove users and features based on busi- ness demands Access and manage everything you need securely businesses increased online from anywhere Enhance productivity andproductivity save management with UCaaS time when employees self-manage features 25% saved in IT costs when of businesses increased 1 businesses moved to UC productivity with UCaaS 1 1https://www.atlantech.net/blog/decrypting-unified-communications-pricing-5-ucaas-price-faq-answered saved in IT costs when businesses moved to UC 1 One unified communications solution for all your needs Cloud-based phone system with hundreds of Integrates with existing off-the-shelf and custom- features and unlimited calling developed business applications Company-wide chat and mobile apps Visual voicemail and speech-to-text Video and audio conferencing, web collaboration Online faxing tools for any device tools Presence and availability Unify all employees and sites Avoid disasters and ensure business continuity Use one system for your entire organization Secure everything you need in the cloud without expensive wiring or IT support. -
A Framework for Domain-Driven Development of Personal Health Informatics Technologies
A FRAMEWORK FOR DOMAIN-DRIVEN DEVELOPMENT OF PERSONAL HEALTH INFORMATICS TECHNOLOGIES A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Cornell University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Elizabeth Lindley Murnane January 2017 ProQuest Number:10253607 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. ProQuest 10253607 Published by ProQuest LLC ( 2017). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, MI 48106 - 1346 c 2017 Elizabeth Lindley Murnane ALL RIGHTS RESERVED A FRAMEWORK FOR DOMAIN-DRIVEN DEVELOPMENT OF PERSONAL HEALTH INFORMATICS TECHNOLOGIES Elizabeth Lindley Murnane, Ph.D. Cornell University 2017 This dissertation advances a vision of Personal Health Informatics (PHI), a class of tools that can leverage personal data to support health self- management. Today, a powerful combination of factors is coming together that can facilitate the creation of these technologies and amplify their bene- fits. Namely, the world is awash in data, software and sensors continue to cap- ture more, increasingly capable algorithms are helping humans make sense of it all, and ubiquitous devices (that people are keen to use to manage their well- ness) can deliver this information via individually-tailored, insight-enabling, personally-empowering, health-enhancing feedback. -
Mastery of the Universal-Legal-Technology
Mastery of the Universal-Legal-Technology. A New School of Jurisprudence that Counters the Fictional Methodologies of the Legal and Governmental Industries Today, by Using the Objective Interpretation Procedures Internet-Version The author gives full grant to make copies of this work. For those that have placed their reputation, livelihoods, and lives on the line for the cause of fairness and justice. Contents Forward ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 4 The History of English Legal Writing ............................................................................................................................................................ 6 Today’s Law Writers .................................................................................................................................................................................. 7 Parts of Speech ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 9 The Nature of a Verb .................................................................................................................................................................................. 9 Verb Tense ...........................................................................................................................................................................................