DOCSLIB.ORG

West Coast Wildlife Experience

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

SCOTLAND Courtesy of Northshots WESTER ROSS Courtesy of Martin Webb West Coast Wildlife Experience Leave Inverness on the A835 to Gairloch is a lovely place to spend a Leaving Gairloch heading south you’ll Get off the beaten track and follow Ullapool, keeping an eye out for deer couple of days and one of the best pass beautiful Loch Maree and Beinn the single track coastal road from on the hill tops (or side of road during places to see whales and dolphins. Eighe National Nature Reserve. The Shieldaig to Applecross (which is the winter). At Braemore Junction, Take a boat trip wildlife and whale- loch is home to rare black throated a great lunch stop). The road from turn onto the A832. Just past the watching from the harbour or head divers whose eerie calls carry on the Applecross down to Loch Kishorn turning, stop at the Corrieshalloch out west through Melvaig to the wind in the spring. The mountains goes over the magnificent Bealach Gorge (National Trust of Scotland), remote Rua Reidh Lighthouse. Their and ancient pinewoods of Beinn nam Bo pass, the only true alpine a spectacular drop with great views new visitor centre is a great base for Eighe are worth visiting. There are a pass in Britain. Follow the road back of the Falls of Measach. Follow this a walk along the coast. Enjoy the number of trails as well as a visitor towards Inverness, along the wide beautiful road around the coast spectacular aerial acrobats of the centre (open Easter - October). Keep Strath Bran at Achnasheen. Turn to Gairloch, past the magnificent fulmars along the coastal route an eye out for deer, golden eagles onto the A835 towards Inverness mountainDay of An1 Teallach and andDay keep an 2-3eye out for otters andDay the elusive 4 Scottish crossbill. andDay just before 5 Contin take a break keeping an eye out for eagles. on the coast, basking sharks and From Beinn Eighe and Kinlochewe, at Rogie Falls (Forestry Commission Both golden and sea eagles are dolphins out at sea. follow the A896 through the ancient Scotland). A lovely walk through regularly seen in the area. Torridon mountains. pinewoods to the Falls where salmon can be seen jumping. OpTiOnal dETOuR Rather than heading back to Inverness from Applecross, head west and go over the bridge to Skye. WildliFE HiGHliGHTS Jan FEB MaR apR May Jun Jul auG SEpT OcT nOv dEc 1 Sea (white-tailed) eagle ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ 2 Golden eagle ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ 3 Bottlenose dolphin around all year, but most regularly seen in summer ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ 4 Minke whale ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ 5 Basking shark ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ 6 Fulmar ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ 7 Black throated diver inland in summer, at coast in winter ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ 8 Red deer all year but best in winter ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ 9 Otter ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ 10 Salmon ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ WESTER ROSS West Coast Wildlife Experience www.wild-scotland.co.uk ullapOOl SCOTLAND 7 WESTER ROSS 4 GaiRlOcH 1 2 3 10 West Coast Wildlife Experience invERnESS 5 Courtesy of Northshots applEcROSS Courtesy of Northshots Organisations not shown on the map are either regional initiatives or run holidays to the area, but are based elsewhere. 1 GAIRLOCH MARINE WILDLIFE CENTRE & CRUISES 5 TORRIDON SEA TOURS Wildlife watching boat trips from Wildlife watching boat Gairloch harbour and visitor centre. trips on Loch Torridon. Tel: 01445 712636 Tel: 01520 755310 www.porpoise-gairloch.co.uk www.torridonseatours.com 2 HEBRIDEAN WHALE CRUISES 6 C N DO SCOTLAND Wildlife watching boat trips Group walking and nature holidays. ROuTE STaTiSTicS from Gairloch harbour. length 5 days / 4 nights Tel: 01445 712458 Tel: 01786 445703 Mode of transport Car www.hebridean-whale-cruises.co.uk www.cndoscotland.com Start/finish Inverness 3 SEALIFE GLASS BOTTOM BOAT 7 WILD ROSE ESCAPES 9 NORTH HIGHLAND TOURISM Explore the seabed off Gairloch Ethical holidays including wildlife Tourism association for the North Highlands. without getting your feet wet! watching, wild foods and kayaking. Tel: 01445 712540 Tel: 07765 173029 Tel: 07970 027741 www.glassbottomboat.info www.wildrose-escapes.co.uk www.northhighlandsscotland.com 4 RUA REIDH LIGHTHOUSE 8 WILDERNESS SCOTLAND 10 THE OLD INN Guided walks and a small Group and bespoke walking A traditional Highland coaching inn visitor centre, open all year. and activity holidays. overlooking Gairloch harbour. Tel: 01445 771263 Tel: 0131 6256635 Tel: 01445 712006 www.ruareidh.co.uk www.wildernessscotland.com www.theoldinn.net WESTER ROSS West Coast Wildlife Experience www.wild-scotland.co.uk.
Recommended publications
  • Troutquest Guide to Trout Fishing on the Nc500

    Troutquest Guide to Trout Fishing on the Nc500

    Version 1.2 anti-clockwise Roger Dowsett, TroutQuest www.troutquest.com Introduction If you are planning a North Coast 500 road trip and want to combine some fly fishing with sightseeing, you are in for a treat. The NC500 route passes over dozens of salmon rivers, and through some of the best wild brown trout fishing country in Europe. In general, the best trout fishing in the region will be found on lochs, as the feeding is generally richer there than in our rivers. Trout fishing on rivers is also less easy to find as most rivers are fished primarily for Atlantic salmon. Scope This guide is intended as an introduction to some of the main trout fishing areas that you may drive through or near, while touring on the NC500 route. For each of these areas, you will find links to further information, but please note, this is not a definitive list of all the trout fishing spots on the NC500. There is even more trout fishing available on the route than described here, particularly in the north and north-west, so if you see somewhere else ‘fishy’ on your trip, please enquire locally. Trout Fishing Areas on the North Coast 500 Route Page | 2 All Content ©TroutQuest 2017 Version 1.2 AC Licences, Permits & Methods The legal season for wild brown trout fishing in the UK runs from 15th March to 6th October, but most trout lochs and rivers in the Northern Highlands do not open until April, and in some cases the beginning of May. There is no close season for stocked rainbow trout fisheries which may be open earlier or later in the year.
  • E-News Winter 2019/2020

    E-News Winter 2019/2020

    Winter e-newsletter December 2019 Photos Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year! INSIDE THIS ISSUE: Contributions to our newsletters Dates for your Diary & Winter Workparties....2 Borage - Painted Lady foodplant…11-12 are always welcome. Scottish Entomological Gathering 2020 .......3-4 Lunar Yellow Underwing…………….13 Please use the contact details Obituary - David Barbour…………..………….5 Chequered Skipper Survey 2020…..14 below to get in touch! The Bog Squad…………………………………6 If you do not wish to receive our Helping Hands for Butterflies………………….7 newsletter in the future, simply Munching Caterpillars in Scotland………..…..8 reply to this message with the Books for Sale………………………...………..9 word ’unsubscribe’ in the title - thank you. RIC Project Officer - Job Vacancy……………9 Coul Links Update……………………………..10 VC Moth Recorder required for Caithness….10 Contact Details: Butterfly Conservation Scotland t: 01786 447753 Balallan House e: [email protected] Allan Park w: www.butterfly-conservation.org/scotland Stirling FK8 2QG Dates for your Diary Scottish Recorders’ Gathering - Saturday, 14th March 2020 For everyone interested in recording butterflies and moths, our Scottish Recorders’ Gathering will be held at the Battleby Conference Centre, by Perth on Saturday, 14th March 2020. It is an opportunity to meet up with others, hear all the latest butterfly and moth news and gear up for the season to come! All welcome - more details will follow in the New Year! Highland Branch AGM - Saturday, 18th April 2020 Our Highlands & Island Branch will be holding their AGM on Saturday, 18th April in a new venue, Green Drive Hall, 36 Green Drive, Inverness, IV2 4EU. More details will follow on the website in due course.
  • Scottish Sanitary Survey Report

    Scottish Sanitary Survey Report

    Scottish Sanitary Survey Report Sanitary Survey Report Loch Kishorn RC 329 March 2013 Report Distribution – Loch Kishorn Date Name Agency Linda Galbraith Scottish Government David Denoon SEPA Douglas Sinclair SEPA Fiona Garner Scottish Water Alex Adrian Crown Estate Alan Yates Highland Council Bill Steven Highland Council Mark Pattinson Harvester Partner Organisations The hydrographic assessment and the shoreline survey and its associated report were undertaken by SRSL, Oban. ii Table of Contents 1. General Description .................................................................................. 3 2. Fishery ...................................................................................................... 5 3. Human Population .................................................................................... 7 4. Sewage Discharges ................................................................................ 10 5. Agriculture............................................................................................... 15 6. Wildlife .................................................................................................... 18 7. Land Cover ............................................................................................. 21 8. Watercourses .......................................................................................... 23 9. Meteorological data ................................................................................ 26 9.1 Rainfall ...........................................................................................
  • From Portree, Isle of Skye (A87 Heading South)

    From Portree, Isle of Skye (A87 Heading South)

    From Portree, Isle of Skye (A87 heading South) 2 Main Routes are outlined. Route 1 is the most direct over the Bealach Na Ba. Own Road Route 1 Transport 1. Head South on the A87 (signposted Kyleakin, Kyle of Lochalsh); 2. At the Kyleain Roundabout take the 1st exit onto the A87; 3. Cross the Skye Bridge; 4. Drive through Kyle of Lochalsh, (turn left at the 2nd set of lights and then right then left you should see signposts for Lochcarron); 5. Continue through Balmacara to Auchtertyre; 6. Just past Auchtertyre, turn left onto the A890 (signposted Gairloch, Locharron); 7. Continue towards Lochcarron passing Achmore, Stromeferry and Strathcarron; 8. Just past Strathcarron, turn left at the junction onto the A896; 9. You will see Applecross on the signpost!; 10. Continue and pass through Lochcarron and then on through Kishorn; 11. You will start to see the hills of Applecross on your left as you drive past Loch Kishorn; 12. At Tornapress turn left onto the Bealach Na Ba, prepare to be amazed; 13. Continue until you reach Applecross at the other side!; 14. Once you have come over the cattlegrid continue around the bend to the bottom of the brae (hill); 15. Turn left here and the Inn is approx. 300m on your left. Route 2 – as route 1 until point 11 THEN 12. At Tornapress continue towards Sheildaig on the A896 through the glen; 13. About a mile before Sheildaig turn left towards Applecross; 14. Continue, passing through Arrina, Kenmore, Fernamore, Callakille and Lonbain; 15. You will pass a big sand dune on your right as you go up a hill; 16.
  • North Highlands North Highlands

    North Highlands North Highlands

    Squam Lakes Natural Science Center’s North Highlands Wester Ross, Sutherland, Caithness and Easter Ross June 14-27, 2019 Led by Iain MacLeod 2019 Itinerary Join native Scot Iain MacLeod for a very personal, small-group tour of Scotland’s Northern Highlands. We will focus on the regions known as Wester Ross, Sutherland, Caithness and Easter Ross. The hotels are chosen by Iain for their comfort, ambiance, hospitality, and excellent food. Iain personally arranges every detail—flights, meals, transportation and daily destinations. Note: This is a brand new itinerary, so we will be exploring this area together. June 14: Fly from Logan Airport, Boston to Scotland. I hope that we will be able to fly directly into Inverness and begin our trip from there. Whether we fly through London, Glasgow or Dublin will be determined later in 2018. June 15: Arrive in Inverness. We will load up the van and head west towards the spectacular west coast passing by Lochluichart, Achnasheen and Kinlochewe along the way. We will arrive in the late afternoon at the Sheildaig Lodge Hotel (http://www.shieldaiglodge.com/) which will be our base for four nights. June 16-18: We will explore Wester Ross. Highlights will include Beinn Eighe National Nature Reserve, Inverewe Gardens, Loch Torridon and the Torridon Countryside Center. We’ll also take a boat trip out to the Summer Isles on Shearwater Summer Isle Cruises out of Ullapool. We’ll have several opportunities to see White-tailed Eagles, Golden Eagles, Black-throated Divers as well as Otters and Seals. June 19: We’ll head north along the west coast of Wester Ross and Sutherland past Loch Assynt and Ardvreck Castle, all the way up tp the north coast.
  • Scottish Journal of Geology

    Scottish Journal of Geology

    Scottish Journal of Geology On the origin and stability of remanence and the magnetic fabric of the Torridonian Red Beds, NW Scotland T. H. Torsvik and B. A. Sturt Scottish Journal of Geology 1987; v. 23; p. 23-38 doi: 10.1144/sjg23010023 Email alerting click here to receive free e-mail alerts when service new articles cite this article Permission click here to seek permission to re-use all or request part of this article Subscribe click here to subscribe to Scottish Journal of Geology or the Lyell Collection Notes Downloaded by on January 24, 2012 © 1987 Scottish Journal of Geology On the origin and stability of remanence and the magnetic fabric of the Torridonian Red Beds, NW Scotland T. H. TORSVIK1 and B. A. STURT2 institute of Geophysics, University of Bergen, N-5014 Bergen-U, Norway 2Geological Survey of Norway, Leif Eirikssons vei 39, P.O. Box 3006, N-7001 Trondheim, Norway SYNOPSIS Primary (compactional) magnetic fabrics and multicomponent rem- anences are recognized in the Stoer and Torridon Groups. Low tempera- ture (LT) blocking remanences are randomized around 400-600°C and relate to a post-Torridonian magnetic overprint, possibly of early Mesozoic age. In the Stoer Group (and some Stoer boulders in the basal Torridon Group) LT remanences are partly or fully carried by magnetite (titanomagnetite). High temperature (HT) remanences are characterized by discrete unblocking above 600°C, having a specular haematite remanence carrier. Results of a conglomerate test of some Stoer boulders provides a positive stability test for HT remanences in the Torridon Group, and a convergence of evidence suggests that remanence acquisi- tion of both the Stoer and Torridon Groups was facilitated by both detrital and early diagenetic processes.
  • Otterburn 2, 28 Melvaig

    Otterburn 2, 28 Melvaig

    Otterburn 2, 28 Melvaig GAIRLOCH, ROSS-SHIRE, HIGHLAND, IV21 2EA 01463 211 116 MELVAIG Ross-shire, IV21 2EA Otterburn 2 is located in a designated National Scenic Area within the scattered coastal hamlet of Melvaig and close to the village of Gairloch in the Northwest Highlands. The property is a very short distance from the seashore and has its own beach access offering stunning views of the isles of Skye, Harris and Lewis across The Minch. The Beinn Eighe Nature Reserve and the Torridon Mountains are just a short distance away with numerous sandy beaches and bays located in the Melvaig, Gairloch & Red LOCATION IMAGES Point area. Wester Ross is also part of Western Europe’s largest MELVAIG area of Dark Skies and sights of shooting stars and the Northern Lights (Aurora Borealis) can sometimes be seen. The drive to Inverness, the Capital of The Highlands, is approximately 80 miles via the improved road network. Inverness provides a range of retail parks along with excellent cultural, educational, entertainment and medical facilities. Inverness is well connected by road, rail and air to other UK and overseas destinations. The Scottish Highlands are renowned for its outdoor pursuits with the North-West Highlands often referred to as the last great wilderness in Europe. OTTERBURN 2 28 Melvaig McEwan Fraser Legal is delighted to offer an exciting opportunity to purchase this recently modernised two-bedroom semi-detached cottage, located in a spectacular coastal location close to Gairloch in Wester Ross. The cottage is located a short distance from the seashore and offers stunning views of the Isles of Skye, Harris and Lewis.
  • Wester Ross Ros An

    Wester Ross Ros An

    Scottish Natural Heritage Explore for a day Wester Ross Ros an lar Wester Ross has a landscape of incredible beauty and diversity Historically people have settled along the seaboard, sustaining fashioned by a fascinating geological history. Mountains of strange, themselves by combining cultivation and rearing livestock with spectacular shapes rise up from a coastline of diverse seascapes. harvesting produce from the sea. Crofting townships, with their Wave battered cliffs and crevices are tempered by sandy beaches small patch-work of in-bye (cultivated) fields running down to the or salt marsh estuaries; fjords reach inland several kilometres. sea can be found along the coast. The ever changing light on the Softening this rugged landscape are large inland fresh water lochs. landscape throughout the year makes it a place to visit all year The area boasts the accolade of two National Scenic Area (NSA) round. designations, the Assynt – Coigach NSA and Wester Ross NSA, and three National Nature Reserves; Knockan Crag, Corrieshalloch Symbol Key Gorge and Beinn Eighe. The North West Highland Geopark encompasses part of north Wester Ross. Parking Information Centre Gaelic dictionary Paths Disabled Access Gaelic Pronunciation English beinn bayn mountain gleann glyown glen Toilets Wildlife watching inbhir een-er mouth of a river achadh ach-ugh field mòr more big beag bake small Refreshments Picnic Area madainn mhath mat-in va good morning feasgar math fess-kur ma good afternoon mar sin leat mar shin laht goodbye Admission free unless otherwise stated. 1 11 Ullapool 4 Ullapul (meaning wool farm or Ulli’s farm) This picturesque village was founded in 1788 as a herring processing station by the British Fisheries Association.
  • Multiple Post-Caledonian Exhumation Episodes Across Northwest Scotland Revealed By

    Multiple Post-Caledonian Exhumation Episodes Across Northwest Scotland Revealed By

    Holford et al. Post-Caledonian exhumation of northwest Scotland 1 Multiple post-Caledonian exhumation episodes across northwest Scotland revealed by 2 apatite fission track analysis 3 4 Simon P. Holford1, Paul F. Green2, Richard R. Hillis1, John R. Underhill3, Martyn S. Stoker4 5 & Ian R. Duddy2 6 7 1Australian School of Petroleum, Centre for Tectonics, Resources and Exploration (TRaX), University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia 8 ([email protected]) 9 2Geotrack International Pty Ltd, 37 Melville Road, Brunswick West, Victoria 3055, Australia 10 3School of Geosciences, The University of Edinburgh, Grant Institute of Earth Science, The King’s Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh 11 EH9 3JW, United Kingdom 12 4British Geological Survey, Murchison House, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3LA, United Kingdom 13 14 Abstract 15 The post Caledonian exhumation history of northwest Scotland is a controversial issue, with 16 some studies advocating largely continual emergence while others suggest dominantly early 17 Palaeogene plume-driven exhumation. AFTA data in samples of Precambrian basement and 18 Permian-Cretaceous sediments from onshore and onshore reveal multiple phases of post- 19 Caledonian cooling, viz: Triassic (beginning 245-225 Ma), Cretaceous (140-130 Ma; 110-90 20 Ma) and Cenozoic (65-60 Ma; 40-25 Ma; 15-10 Ma), all of which are interpreted at least in 21 part as recording exhumation. Basement and sedimentary cover rocks display similar thermal 22 histories, emphasising the regional nature of these episodes and implying that sedimentary 23 outliers represent the remnants of previously more extensive sequences. Significant 24 thicknesses of Jurassic rocks may once have covered northwest Scotland.
  • Onnela Kishorn, Strathcarron IV54 8XA Bellingram.Co.Uk

    Onnela Kishorn, Strathcarron IV54 8XA Bellingram.Co.Uk

    Onnela Kishorn, Strathcarron IV54 8XA bellingram.co.uk Stunning four-bedroom Architect designed property constructed from Finnish arctic Location Sanachan is a small hamlet in Kishorn comprising nine homes, a pine set in the delightful village of Kishorn BT telephone exchange (superfast broadband enabled) and a well known award winning fish restaurant. It is located at the head of Loch Kishorn with views across to the Isle of Skye. Kishorn is a • Spacious and bright living accommodation collective name used to describe a group of settlements located next to the Loch. Sanachan is approximately 4 miles from Loch • Four double-bedrooms and three bathrooms Carron where there are shops, petrol stations and other community facilities. A regular bus service is available in the area both locally and to Inverness. The nearest railway station is at Strathcarron 9 • Highly energy efficient and healthy living miles away, also served by bus with a local taxi service available too. The nearest main airport is at Inverness 75 miles away. There is also a small airfield at Plockton 23 miles away. Kishorn is close to the Applecross peninsula and near the famous Bealach na Ba or Pass of the Cattle which rises to 2,054 feet with views across to Skye and beyond. The spectacular Torridon mountain range is 18 miles away and through the well known settlement of Shieldaig. Skye is well within easy travelling distance. Directions From Inverness take the A9 towards Thurso/Ullapool. At the Tore roundabout take the A835 Ullapool road. Follow the road signposted Ullapool until you pass through Garve.
  • Welcome Back to Hostelling Scotland: Here's What You Need to Know

    Welcome Back to Hostelling Scotland: Here's What You Need to Know

    Welcome back to Hostelling Scotland: here’s what you need to know We have missed you and have been working hard to welcome you back as the health, safety and wellbeing of our people and guests along with protecting the communities in which we all live and work remains our utmost priority. Whilst hostelling will feel a bit different for a while, rest assured we will do everything we can to make sure you will have an enjoyable hostelling experience with us! STEPS FOR A SAFER STAY – WHAT WILL BE AVAILABLE We look forward to providing you with a “socially –distanced” warm welcome and here’s what you may like to know in advance of your arrival Private rooms Only private rooms will be advance bookable. Shared dormitory accommodation is not available until further notice Wash and shower rooms If you have not reserved and ensuite room, on arrival a wash room will be allocated for your exclusive use only Rentahostel If you are Renting-a-Hostel for Exclusive Private Hire then we would encourage responsible allocation of bedrooms and request that consideration is given to social distancing practices in line with current Scottish Government guidelines. Please note that certain areas of the hostel will not be accessible during the rental Hostel Opening Hours We will be re-opening our hostels with reduced opening hours for now as follows: Check out: 7am to 10am Check in: 4pm to 9pm If you are staying more than one night then access to the facilities can be arranged with the team member on duty Food and Beverage We are delighted, depending on location, to be able to offer a take away breakfast, packed lunch, dinner including limited snack service.
  • Sea Kayaking View Trip Dates Introduction Course Book Now

    Sea Kayaking View Trip Dates Introduction Course Book Now

    Sea Kayaking View Trip Dates Introduction Course Book Now Trip Grade: Green 1 Introduction Course Based in beautiful Torridon, this short break will equip you with the essential skills to get you started sea kayaking, while you enjoy paddling in fantastic locations. These sheltered stretches of water are the perfect place to learn the basics of sea kayaking and develop your skills further under the close eye of our highly-qualified sea kayak guide. Throughout the trip you will enjoy comfortable accommodation in a private bunkhouse located on the loch shore, with hot showers, a wood-burning stove and comfortable beds. Highlights • Learn essential sea kayaking skills while experiencing some of the best sea kayaking in Scotland • Develop your paddling techniques on beautiful Upper Loch Torridon and the local area • At the end of a day on the water, relax with a hot shower, fantastic food and a comfortable bed Book with confidence • We guarantee this trip will run as soon as 2 people have booked • Maximum of 8 places available per departure, 1 guide per 4 clients PLEASE NOTE – The itinerary may be subject to change at the discretion of the Wilderness Scotland Guide with regard to weather conditions and other factors. Planned Itinerary Day 1 | Welcome and Onto the Water Day 2 | Skills Session and Exploring Upper Loch Torridon Day 3 | Sea Kayaking in Torridon or Applecross Day 4 | Sea Kayaking Journey, Applecross Day 5 | Sea Kayaking Journey, Applecross Arrival Info • Your Guide will meet you at the centre of Inverness Railway Station by the fixed seating area • 10.30am on Day 1 of your trip Departure Info • You will be returned to Inverness Railway Station • 4:00pm on the final day of your trip PLEASE NOTE – The itinerary may be subject to change at the discretion of the Wilderness Scotland Guide with regard to weather conditions and other factors.