Ariadne Auf Naxos

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Ariadne Auf Naxos RICHARD STRAUSS OG HUGO VON HOFMANNSTHAL ARIADNE AUF NAXOS RICHARD STRAUSS OG HUGO VON HOFMANNSTHAL ARIADNE AUF NAXOS MARIT HJØRNEGÅRD UNIVERSITETET I OSLO, 2004 2 Hovedoppgave ved Institutt for Musikk og Teater, Avdeling for Musikkvitenskap. Universitetet i Oslo, høsten 2004 Marit Hjørnegård Veileder: Ståle Wikshåland Problemstilling: Oppgaven har som hensikt å diskutere og analysere Strauss og Hofmannsthals verk "Ariadne auf Naxos" med tanke på å kartlegge verkets plass i deres produksjon, samt å se på hvordan verket er et uttrykk for tidens estetiske diskurs. 3 INNHOLD Forkortelser................................................................................................... 7 Innledning..................................................................................................... 8 Tiden og verket, mellom historisk rekonstruksjon og estetisk aktualitet............ 8 Nytt blikk på Strauss ................................................................................................. 10 Operaforskning som arbeidsområde ...................................................................... 11 Kapittel 1 .................................................................................................... 13 Fra tonediktenes fortellinger til operaens libretto - en biografisk skisse av Richard Strauss 1.01 Oppvekst og tidlige år....................................................................................... 13 1.02 Meiningen; brytningstid og ny utvikling ....................................................... 14 1.03 Frigjort, selvstendig og nyskapende ............................................................... 15 1.04 Wagners estetikk og innflytelse i overgangen fra det 19. til det 20. århundre...................................................................................................................... 16 1.05 ”Von Wagners Weltanschauung steckt also gar nichts mehr in Ihnen”.... 18 1.06 Den poetiske idé som eneste mulighet ........................................................... 20 1.07 Den poetiske idés videreføring ........................................................................ 23 1.08 Strauss som narrativ realist. ............................................................................. 24 Kapittel 2 ..................................................................................................... 26 Hofmannsthal og hans virke i fin-de-siecle-Wien 2.01 Den wienerske assimilasjon.............................................................................. 26 2.02 Vidunderbarnet Loris........................................................................................ 28 2.03 Jung Wien............................................................................................................ 30 2.04 Freud, Breuer og Mach og det nye mennesket .............................................. 32 2.05 Språkets sammenbrudd .................................................................................... 34 2.06 De nye former..................................................................................................... 36 Kapittel 3 ..................................................................................................... 38 Samarbeidet mellom Strauss og Hofmannsthal 3.01 Salome – en « success de scandale »................................................................ 38 3.02 Det første møte ................................................................................................... 39 3.03 Om Hofmannsthals tilnærming til språket igjen .......................................... 42 3.04 ”Alles in Teile, die Teile wieder in Teile, und nichts mehr lieβ sich mit einem Begriff umspannen.”...................................................................................... 44 3.05 Rosenkavaleren .................................................................................................. 44 3.06 Utviklingen av deres eget musikkdrama eller ”Gesamtkunstwerk” ......... 47 4 3.07 Myten................................................................................................................... 49 3.08 ”Schweigen und tanzen” – det nye drama..................................................... 51 3.09 Fra dynamisk til statisk forløp ......................................................................... 53 3.10 Fra tragedie til komedie, ironien som viktigste virkemiddel...................... 55 3.11 Den tradisjonssiterende Modernisme ............................................................. 57 Kapittel 4 ..................................................................................................... 59 Ariadne auf Naxos - fra bagatell til hovedverk 4.01 Hofmannsthal, Strauss, Reinhardt og Molière .............................................. 59 4.02 Max Reinhardt og hans Kleines Theater......................................................... 60 4.03 ”- en ny operastil og en ny perfekt form” .................................................... 61 4.04 Ariadne auf Naxos; 1912-versjonen ................................................................ 62 4.05 Den nye ”Ariadne” ............................................................................................ 67 4.06 Ariadne; 1916-versjonen .................................................................................. 68 Kapittel 5 ..................................................................................................... 70 Verkbeskrivelse 5.01 Overordnet struktur. ......................................................................................... 70 5.02 Ariadne-myten ................................................................................................... 70 5.03 Handling.............................................................................................................. 72 5.04 Språk .................................................................................................................... 74 5.05 Personskisse........................................................................................................ 75 - Om komponistrollen i verket............................................................................. 75 - Zerbinetta – verkets nøkkelfigur? ..................................................................... 76 - Harlekin og de andre jøglerne ........................................................................... 78 - Ariadne.................................................................................................................. 78 - Bacchus.................................................................................................................. 79 5.06 Orkestrering som personbeskrivelse............................................................... 80 - Orkestreringens to uttrykk................................................................................. 81 5.07 Stil, harmonikk og rytme .................................................................................. 81 5.08 Parafraser og sitater ........................................................................................... 82 Kapittel 6 ..................................................................................................... 86 De musikalske temaer og deres betydning for verket 6.01 Temaenes auditive virkelighet......................................................................... 86 6.02 Overordnet tematisk struktur .......................................................................... 87 6.03 Instrumental temaeksposisjon som innledning............................................. 87 6.04 Komponistens musikalske iscenesettelse ....................................................... 88 6.05 Dødsmotivet ....................................................................................................... 89 6.06 Ariadnes tritonus- motiver............................................................................... 90 6.07 Akkorden som symbol ...................................................................................... 91 5 6.08 Verwandlungstemaet ........................................................................................ 92 6.09 Commedia dell’arte truppens ledemotiv ....................................................... 92 6.10 Harlekins oppmuntrende tema........................................................................ 93 6.11 Zerbinetta ............................................................................................................ 94 6.12 Bacchus' temaer.................................................................................................. 95 6.13 Fortettet form i avslutningen............................................................................ 97 Kapittel 7 ..................................................................................................... 98 Fortolkning 7.01 Grunnleggende teorier om verket: .................................................................. 98 7.02 Det ikke-litterære verk forstått gjennom litteraturens øyne........................ 99 7.03 Utgangspunkt og rammer .............................................................................. 100 7.04 Bevisst tvetydighet mellom fiksjon og virkelighet..................................... 102 7.05 Tema................................................................................................................... 105 7.06 „Sie ist das Sinnbild der menschlichen Einsamkeit“ .................................. 105 - Kvinnefigurene i Strauss og Hofmannsthals
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