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Indien-Natgeo-Himalaya.Pdf INDIEN Lassen Sie sich für Ihre nächste Indien-Reise inspirieren. Indien – Das Land der Gegensätze und Farben verzaubert mit kultureller sowie landschaftlicher Vielfalt. Der Himalaya ist das höchste Gebirge der Erde. Die schroffen Klippen und schneebedeckten Gipfel fügen sich zu einem majestätischen Anblick zusammen. Gehen Sie auf eine spannende Reise durch die Höhen und Tiefen des Gebirges und erkunden Sie dabei die beachtliche Flora und Fauna der Region. Das folgende E-Book enthält einen Auszug aus dem Reiseführer „NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC Reisehandbuch Indien“. Den vollständigen Reiseführer erhalten Sie im Online Shop von National Geographic unter: www.nationalgeographic-buch.de Eine Kooperation von Der Himalaya 59193_001-448_2018.indd 344 13.02.18 10:18 345 Erster Überblick 346–347 Westlicher Himalaya 348–353 Special: Tee 354–355 Östlicher Himalaya 356–361 Hotels und Restaurants 421–422 ‹ Das buddhistische Hemis-Festival im gleichnamigen Kloster in Ladakh 59193_001-448_2018.indd 345 13.02.18 10:18 346 DER HIMALAYA Kargil L Das höchste Gebirge der Erde ist knapp 130 Millionen Jahre alt. Als sich a Leh d die Indische Platte unter die Asiatische schob, wurde die Erdkruste auf- a 0 100 Kilometer kar Tikse k Zas HEMIS 0 500 Meilen gefaltet, und der Himalaya entstand. NATIONAL h 4 PARK Upshi R Pass J A M M U U N D a Z n Der Himalaya bildet eine gewaltige Barriere, die den Subkontinent vom a KASHMIR Indus g Ladakh s e restlichen Asien trennt. Seine Breite schwankt zwischen 150 und 400 Kilo- k a Char Sutak metern; mehr als 95 Gipfel sind über 7500 Meter hoch. Das Gebirge er- r streckt sich auf einer Länge von 2500 Kilometern vom Pamir in Pakistan Tso Moriri M bis zum Brahmaputra in Assam. Zwei Abschnitte gehören zu Indien. P i Che t r nab Pa s Das Hochgebirge besteht aus einer Reihe einzelner Ketten, in denen einige n . j a l Keylong Ra der größten Flüsse Indiens entspringen. Im Westen fließt der Indus zwi- Chamba n g e 3978 m Ravi Brahmaur Rohtang Dalhousie Pass 7026 m schen dem Karakorum-Gebirge in Pakistan und der Zaskar-Bergkette. Öst- Manali Shilla 3 H Dharamsala 21 S lich davon liegen viele herrliche Seen im Tal von Kaschmir, einer Region, Nagar p 20 it Palampur i auf die sowohl Indien als auch Pakistan Anspruch erheben. Noch weiter S HIMACHAL i Kullu C i Beas Nangia östlich geht die Himachal-Pradesh-Kette in die Siwaliks mit zahlreichen PRADESH H w m Längstälern über. Die Obstplantagen und Maisfelder weichen subtropi- Mandi Kalpa I a 21 Sarahan N j schen Wäldern und Koniferenwäldern an steilen Berghängen. Hier gibt es l le a ut 22 A Gletscher, die den Satluj speisen. In Uttar Pradesh sucht sich die Yamuna i S Rampur A D k I Narkanda l E Y (Jumna) ebenso einen Weg wie der Ganges. a U m Yamnotri 2 M u R n a Östlich von Nepal trifft der jährliche Monsunregen mit seiner ganzen Kraft G a E Gangotri B a Gangotri 7756 m U Uttarkashi Glacier Kamet auf den zentralen Himalaya, danach rauscht der vom starken Regen ange- N n y S K . 1 G u Kedarnath Badrinath G 0 g ( m 7 G schwollene Brahmaputra durch Assam. In dieser isolierten Region gibt es V a a e a n 7817 m O n g u a g a n N e H s i l Nanda Devi D ) l s E L Einsame Dörfer wie dieses liegen in der kargen Landschaft der Bezirke Lahaul und Spiti B H UTTARAKHAND P I ind ar Pauri L Bageshwar A P 1 E Almora N C D 59193_001-448_2018.indd 346 13.02.18 10:18 DER HIMALAYA 347 Kargil L a Leh d a 0 100 Kilometer kar Tikse k Zas HEMIS 0 500 Meilen NATIONAL h 4 PARK Upshi R Pass J A M M U U N D a Z n a KASHMIR Indus g Ladakh s e k a Char Sutak r Tso Moriri M P i Che t r nab Pa s n . j a l Keylong Ra Zur Orientierung Chamba n g e 3978 m Ravi Brahmaur Rohtang Pass 7026 m Dalhousie Manali Shilla 3 H Dharamsala 21 S Nagar p New 20 it Palampur i Delhi S HIMACHAL i Kullu C i Beas Nangia PRADESH H w m Mandi Kalpa I a 21 Sarahan N j l le a ut 22 A i S Rampur A D k I Narkanda l E Y a U m Yamnotri 2 M u R n a G a E Gangotri B a Gangotri 7756 m U Uttarkashi Glacier Kamet N n y S K . 1 G u Kedarnath Badrinath G 0 g ( m 7 G V a a e a n 7817 m O n g u a g a n N e H s i l Nanda Devi D ) l s E L B H UTTARAKHAND P I ind ar Pauri L Bageshwar A P 1 E Almora N C D wilde Rhododendren und Orchideen, die Wildtier-Reservate Kaziranga- und Manas-Nationalpark, Teeplantagen und einzigartige Völker und Kul- turen. Trekking ist die beste Möglichkeit, die weitgehend unberührte Na- tur kennenzulernen; nur gelegentlich stößt man auf ein buddhistisches Kloster, einen Hindu-Tempel oder eine ehemalige britische Garnison. Wenn Sie sich für eine Region entschieden haben, treffen Sie die Vorberei- tungen für eine Wanderung; die Skala reicht von gemächlichen Tageswan- derungen bis hin zu Zehn-Tage-Treks mit Zeltübernachtung. Je abenteuer- lustiger Sie sind und je weniger Ansprüche Sie in Bezug auf Unterkünfte stellen, desto lohnender wird Ihr Urlaub sein. n 59193_001-448_2018.indd 347 13.02.18 10:18 348 WESTLICHER HIMALAYA Nach den Menschenmassen der Städte ist eine Wanderung in den Aus- läufern des Himalaya eine Erholung. Die kühle Luft, die Berge sowie Kul- tur und Lebensweise der Bewohner sorgen für Entspannung. Die tiefer gelegenen Hänge in Uttar Pradesh oder Himachal Pradesh sind von Delhi aus leicht zu erreichen. UTTARAKHAND Die Berge von Garhwal und Kumaon (Kumaun) liegen zwischen Uttar Pradesh, Nepal und Tibet. Die Regi- on heißt Uttarkhand (ehem. Ut- taranchal) . Sie steigt von fruchtba- ren Ebenen (terai) über Bergwiesen (bugyals) bis zu schneebedeckten Gipfeln an, unter ihnen der Nanda Devi, mit 7816 Metern der höchste, vollständig in Indien liegende Berg. Hier gibt es gute Hotels, das Pilger- zentrum Haridwar, den Corbett-Na- tionalpark und die Städtchen Masu- ri und Nainital (siehe S. 138 ff.). Die Berge nördlich von Shimla bieten gran- Die Geschichte der Region ist viel- diose Ausblicke fältig, jedes Tal hat seine eigene Kultur und Garhwal und Kumaon sogar eigene Sprachen. Obwohl der Hinduismus die Hauptreligion ist, kann ein Tempel Elemente von Buddhismus und Animismus enthalten. Uttar khand ist so eigenständig, dass es sich 2000 von Uttar Pradesh löste und ein eigener Staat wurde. In Garhwal entspringen Yamuna (Jumna) und Ganges. Es gibt vier, Char Dam genannte Pilgerorte: Badrinath, Kedar- nath, Gangotri und Yamunotri. Viele Pilger, die jährlich (Mai–Nov.) hier- her strömen, haben die Kultur der Region beeinflusst. Wenn Sie Garhwal sehen möchten, wandern Sie durch das Har Ki Dun Valley oder das Tehri Garhwal. Auch die Kumaon Hills konnten sich viel Charme bewahren. HIMACHAL PRADESH Die Pforte zu dem kleinen Staat zwischen Tibet und Pakistan ist Shimla (siehe S. 136 f.). Nördlich der Stadt befinden sich Distrikte, die nur von den halbnomadischen Hirtenvölkern der Gaddi und Gujjar durchzogen wer- den. Nach den üppigen Tälern des Sirmaur District mit dem hübschen Städtchen Nalagarh wird die Landschaft nördlich von Shimla immer dra- matischer. Wenn Sie Richtung Nordwesten an Narkanda vorbeifahren, 59193_001-448_2018.indd 348 13.02.18 10:18 DER HIMALAYA 349 FLORA UND FAUNA IM HIMALAYA Mehr als 12 500 Pflanzenarten und -unterarten sind hier nachgewiesen. Die- ser Überfluss faszinierte die Engländer im 19. Jh.: Botaniker brachten unzäh- lige Exemplare in die Royal Botanical Gardens in Kew und Edinburgh und ins National History Museum in London. Künstler verewigten Berghänge, die über und über mit Rhododendren bedeckt waren. Heute sind wegen der Ab- holzung der Wälder manche Arten vom Aussterben bedroht. Das Himalayagebiet gliedert sich in 15 biogeografische Bereiche, die sich in Höhe und Mikroklima unterscheiden. So haben z. B. die Rhododendren je nach Höhenlage und Himmelsrichtung eine andere Farbe. Im Valley of the Flowers National Park (bei Govindghat, 20 km vor Badrinath, geöff. Mai–Sept., www.valleyofflowers.info) im Garhwal-Himalaya beginnt die Blüte der über 300 Wildblumenarten, darunter Anemone, Storchschnabel und der seltene Blaue Mohn, nach der Schneeschmelze und erreicht im Juli und August den Höhe- punkt. In Sikkim dagegen, mit mehr als 4000 Arten ein Paradies für Pflanzen- liebhaber, leuchten die Wälder von Ende April bis Mitte Mai in den herrlichen Farben der baumhohen Rhododendren und vieler Orchideenarten. können Sie dem Lauf des Satluj bis zum hölzernen Tempel von Sarahan folgen und, mit einer Sondergenehmigung, die einsame Schönheit des Kinnaur District bis zur Hochebene von Tibet erkunden. Trecks führen durch Spiti und das Kullu Valley; das Tal des Satluj lädt zu einfacheren Wan- derungen ein. Nördlich von Shimla gabelt sich bei Mandi die Straße. In Richtung Norden kommen Sie nach Manali, einem idealen Ausgangspunkt zur Erkundung des Kullu-Tales mit Terrassen, Wäldern, Apfelplantagen und Möglichkeiten zum Rafting in Vashisht. Weit weniger Menschen überqueren den tücki- schen, 3978 Meter hoch gelegenen Rohtang-Pass, der zu den Tälern von Lahaul und Spiti führt. Der 500 Kilometer lange Manali-Leh-Highway, UTTARAKHAND HIMACHAL PRADESH A Karte S. 347 C1 A Karte S. 347 B3 Besucher information Besucher information B Uttarakhand Tourist Office, B Shimla Tourist Office, Railway Pt. Deen Upadhyaya Paryatan Station Bhawan, Garhi Cantt, Dehradun C 017/72 65 38 88 C 035/12 55 98 98 himachaltourism.gov.in uttarakhandtourism.gov.in hill-stations-india.com uttaranchaltourism.in euttaranchal.com hill-stations-india.com 59193_001-448_2018.indd 349 13.02.18 10:18 350 DER HIMALAYA TREKKING IM ZANSKAR Ein deutscher Verein unterstützt seit vielen Jahren ein Schulprojekt in Jamyang Ling/Reru, u.
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