Signals and Communication Technology

Signals and Communication Technology Series Editors Emre Celebi, Department of Computer Science, University of Central Arkansas, Conway, AR, USA Jingdong Chen, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China E. S. Gopi, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India Amy Neustein, Linguistic Technology Systems, Fort Lee, NJ, USA H. Vincent Poor, Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA This series is devoted to fundamentals and applications of modern methods of signal processing and cutting-edge communication technologies. The main topics are information and signal theory, acoustical signal processing, image processing and multimedia systems, mobile and wireless communications, and computer and communication networks. Volumes in the series address researchers in academia and industrial R&D departments. The series is application-oriented. The level of presentation of each individual volume, however, depends on the subject and can range from practical to scientific. “Signals and Communication Technology” is indexed by Scopus. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/4748 Walter Fischer Digital Video and Audio Broadcasting Technology A Practical Engineering Guide Fourth Edition 123 Walter Fischer Rohde&Schwarz GmbH & Co KG Training Center Munich, Germany Translated by István Szendro Csaba Szombathy SZOMEL Translation Agency SZOMEL Translation Agency ISSN 1860-4862 ISSN 1860-4870 (electronic) Signals and Communication Technology ISBN 978-3-030-32184-0 ISBN 978-3-030-32185-7 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32185-7 1st–3rd editions: © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2004, 2008, 2010 4th edition: © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland Preface to the Fourth Edition Eight years have elapsed since the last edition of this book, and the ap- pearance of the first English edition dates even further back to 1.5 decades from now. In both periods many amazing technical innovations were in- troduced. The most important invention in the last decades was the smart phone and the tablet PC. Both products have changed the world in general and also the world of broadcasting. Movies, as well as TV and audio broadcast services are now transported via both traditional transmission techniques and smart phones or tablet PCs. Especially the young genera- tion uses more and more the IP-based broadcast technology called ”streaming“. This current version of the book has been completely revised and extended to the current broadcast technology standards. Practical examples from the introduction phase of DVB-T2 are included as well as new standards like 3DTV, HbbTV, HEVC/H.265/High Efficiency Video Coding, UHDTV Ultra High Definition, 4K, DOCSIS3.1, OTT/streaming, ATSC3.0 and LTE/5G-based broadcast. Concerning audio broadcasting, both its digital aspect such as DAB/DAB+ and its analog form like FM are described. When the first edition of this book was published, analog television systems represented the technology of the era and nearly all the TV sets in the living rooms were heavy cathode ray tube equipment, featuring big dimen- sions with a typical screen diameter not wider than 32 inches. Now we are using big flat screens whose diameters often reach up to 60 inches, but are typically not smaller than 40 inches. Such flat screens are no longer heavy and they can also display ultra high definition pictures. Accordingly, the typical program materials are mostly distributed in high definition television resolution. This work has been published in English and in German languages, and some editions have been even translated into Hungarian and Spanish languages. Many people all over the world on all continents have read this book, giving a lot of positive feedback. Many participants in my numberless broadcast seminars all over the world have used this book as an additional source of information. On the other hand, I have included many inputs from my seminars, lessons at the V VI Preface to the Fourth Edition Munich University of Applied Sciences and the Deggendorf Institute of Technology (DIT, THD), as well as experiences and results from field tri- als and laboratory tests in this book. Let me express my deep thanks to everybody who helped me to com- plete this book and who gave me feedback. I would like to express my special thanks to my colleagues at Rohde & Schwarz and to Springer. I am also very pleased to have met Csaba Szombathy from Budapest – he and his translation agency helped me to translate and correct some new chap- ters. I have also further extended my experience via intensive communication with different broadcasters and broadcast network providers all over the world. Dipl.Ing.(FH) Walter Fischer Moosburg an der Isar, near Munich, Germany, August 2019 Table of Contents Table of Contents ................................................................................... VII 1 Introduction ............................................................................................. 1 2 Analog Television .................................................................................. 11 2.1 Scanning an Original Black/White Picture ..................................... 14 2.2 Horizontal and Vertical Synchronization Pulses ............................ 16 2.3 Adding the Color Information ........................................................ 18 2.4 Transmission Methods .................................................................... 21 2.5 Distortion and Interference ............................................................. 22 2.6 Signals in the Vertical Blanking Interval ........................................ 24 2.7 Measurements on Analog Video Signals ........................................ 28 2.8 Analog and Digital TV in a Broadband Cable Network ................. 33 3 The MPEG Data Stream ...................................................................... 35 3.1 MPEG-Standards and Applications ................................................ 36 3.2 The MPEG-2 Transport Stream ...................................................... 41 3.3 The Packetized Elementary Stream (PES)...................................... 44 3.4 The MPEG-2 Transport Stream Packet .......................................... 47 3.5 Information for the Receiver .......................................................... 51 3.5.1 Synchronizing to the Transport Stream ................................... 52 3.5.2 Reading out the Current Program Structure ............................ 53 3.5.3 Accessing a Program ............................................................... 55 3.5.4 Accessing Scrambled Programs .............................................. 55 3.5.5 Program Synchronization (PCR, DTS, PTS) ........................... 57 3.5.6 Additional Information in the Transport Stream (SI) .............. 60 3.5.7 Non-Private and Private Sections and Tables .......................... 61 3.5.8 The Service Information according to DVB (SI) .................... 69 3.6 The PSIP according to the ATSC ................................................... 83 3.7 ARIB Tables according to ISDB-T ................................................ 86 3.8 DTMB (China) Tables .................................................................... 88 3.9 Other Important Details of the MPEG-2 Transport Stream ............ 88 VII VIII Table of Contents 3.9.1 The Transport Priority ............................................................. 88 3.9.2 The Transport Scrambling Control Bits .................................. 89 3.9.3 The Adaptation Field Control Bits .......................................... 89 3.9.4 The Continuity Counter ........................................................... 90 4 Digital Video Signal According to ITU-BT.R.601 (CCIR 601) ......... 91 5 Video Signal Formats for HDTV and UHDTV .................................. 97 5.1 Image Formats ................................................................................ 98 5.2 Uncompressed HDTV Baseband Signal ....................................... 100 5.3 Physical Video

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