Week Beginning 6Th July Topic: the Minor Festivals Learning Objective: to Explain Why the Minor Festivals, Including Ashura, Are Important for Muslims

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GCSE RS – Week Beginning 6th July Topic: The Minor Festivals Learning Objective: To explain why the minor festivals, including Ashura, are important for Muslims

RE-Cap 1. Explain how Muslims celebrate Id-ul-Adha 2. Explain how Muslims celebrate Id-ul-Fitr 3. What is the difference between Sunni and Shi’a Muslims?

Task 1: Read through the information about Ashura and answer the questions below

Ashura is an important festival for all Muslims, but it has enormous significance in Shi’a Islam. It is celebrated (or commemorated) on the tenth day of Muharram.

Ashura literally means ‘tenth’. It falls on the tenth day of the month of Muharram, the first month of the Islamic calendar.

Many Muslims today fast on the day of Ashura. The Prophet Muhammad established Ashura as a day of fasting, based on the Jewish day of atonement, when sacrifices are made for the sins of the people. Ashura is an occasion to thank God for saving the Israelites from the Pharaoh. Sunni Muslims remember how Musa (Moses) fasted in gratitude to God for opening up the Red Sea to allow his people to escape from the Egyptian chariots.

Ashura is of particular importance to the Shi’a Muslim community, because it remembers the death of Husayn in battle at Karbala in 680 CE. This event triggered a split between Sunni and Shi’a Muslims that continues to divide Islam today. Shi’as believe that Husayn was the rightful successor to the Prophet Muhammad, so the massacre of Husayn and his followers carries great signifi cance. They refer to Husayn as the third Imam, following his father Ali as his older brother Hasan. Still today they remember his betrayal and death with a deep sense of injustice.

1. When is Ashura celebrated?

2. What did the Prophet Muhammad establish Ashura as a day for?

3. What do Sunni Muslims thank God for on Ashura?

4. Whose death do Shi’a Muslims remember on Ashura? Why is he an important person for Shi’a Muslims?

Task 2: How is Ashura celebrated today? Using the images below, can you describe how you think Ashura might be celebrated today?

This picture suggests Ashura is celebrated by…

Now complete the wordfill to find out more about how Ashura is celebrated today

The death of H______gave rise to the Shi’a cult of m______(dying for your faith) and to a sense of betrayal and struggle against injustice and oppression. Ashura is a day of great s______, mourning and self-mutilation, where much public grief is expressed. Central to the events is the need to share in the sufferings of Husayn. Ashura is celebrated in communities across the Shi’a world (for example, in Iran and Iraq), but many Shi’a Muslims feel the need to make the pilgrimage to Karbala every year to take part:

▶ Men and women dress in b______and march through the streets, slapping their chests and chanting. ▶ There are processions and religious gatherings. ▶ P______re-enact the martyrdom. ▶ Fervent men beat themselves with chains and cut their heads with swords.

Ashura is not a public holiday in B______, but Shi’a Muslim children can be given permission to have the day off school. Many people will fast and pray on this day. In cities such as Manchester and London Shi’as gather in large c______and take part in public marches. The men often slap their chests violently, in time to their chanting, but it is uncommon to see them drawing blood through whipping and beating themselves, as happens in many countries in the Middle East. Those who feel that they should lose blood may be encouraged, by Shi’a leaders, to donate to the b______transfusion service

Husayn sorrow black blood Britain crowds martydom plays

Task 4: The minor Muslim festivals Can you match the festival with the description?

Mawlid an-Nabi: the birth of the prophet This festival is one of the holiest days in the Muslim calendar, marking the date when the Qur’an was first revealed to the Prophet Muhammad. Islamic tradition is not certain of the exact day, so this event is remembered throughout the last ten days of the month of Ramadan. It is often celebrated on the 27th day of Ramadan. During this time Muslims may stay up all night, reciting the Qur’an, praying and remembering God’s mercy and forgiveness. Laylat-ul-Qadr: the Night of Power This is the first month of the Islamic calendar and it remembers the Hijrah, when Muhammad and his followers fled from Makkah, to establish the first Muslim community in Madinah. Sunnis fast on the tenth day of Muharram. Shi’as observe Muharram as the month when Husayn (Prophet Muhammad’s grandson) was martyred and so they refrain from joyous events in his memory Laylat-ul-Miraj: the night journey This festival is the night of the full moon in the month before Ramadan. This is the night on which Muhammad used to begin his preparations for Ramadan and many Muslims stay up all night reciting the Qur’an. Laylat-ul-Bara’at: the full miin This is the celebration of the birth of the Prophet Muhammad. It is a public holiday in many countries. In Britain, Muslims celebrate this day with joyful processions through the streets, chanting stories in praise of his life. Celebrations during the month of Muharram This festival remembers Prophet Muhammad’s miraculous journey on a winged horse to Jerusalem and then up through the heavens into the presence of God. Today Muslims commemorate these events at the mosque by saying particular prayers and at home by telling the story to their children and reciting special night-time prayers.

Task 5: Exam-style question D) ‘Ashura is the most important Muslim festival Look at the answer below. What is good about it? What could be improved? Then have a go at creating your own answer (you might want to use the suggested sentence starters at the end of this sheet to help you)

I think Ashura is the most important Muslim festival. This is because it is very important for Shi’a Muslims, as it is the day when they remember the marydom of Husayn. This is an important event in their religion. It is also important for Sunni Muslims as they remember when God saved the Israelites from slavery in Egypt.

However, other Muslims might disagree with me, This is because they might say that Id- ul-Fitr is more important because that is the end of Ramadan. Or that Id-ul-Adha is more important because that is the end of Hajj

Strengths of this answer are…

Weaknesses of this answer are…

My answer

Answers for Task 4

Mawlid an-Nabi: the birth of the prophet Mawlid an-Nabi is the celebration of the birth of the Prophet Muhammad. It is a public holiday in many countries. In Britain, Muslims celebrate this day with joyful processions through the streets, chanting stories in praise of his life. Laylat-ul-Qadr: the Night of Power Laylat-ul-Qadr is one of the holiest days in the Muslim calendar, marking the date when the Qur’an was fi rst revealed to the Prophet Muhammad. Islamic tradition is not certain of the exact day, so this event is remembered throughout the last ten days of the month of Ramadan. It is often celebrated on the 27th day of Ramadan. During this time Muslims may stay up all night, reciting the Qur’an, praying and remembering God’s mercy and forgiveness. Laylat-ul-Miraj: the night journey Laylat-ul-Miraj remembers Prophet Muhammad’s miraculous journey on a winged horse to Jerusalem and then up through the heavens into the presence of God. Today Muslims commemorate these events at the mosque by saying particular prayers and at home by telling the story to their children and reciting special night-time prayers. Laylat-ul-Bara’at Laylat-ul-Bara’at is the night of the full moon in the month before Ramadan. This is the night on which Muhammad used to begin his preparations for Ramadan and many Muslims stay up all night reciting the Qur’an. Muharram Muharram is the fi rst month of the Islamic calendar and it remembers the Hijrah, when Muhammad and his followers fl ed from Makkah, to establish the fi rst Muslim community in Madinah. Sunnis fast on the tenth day of Muharram. Shi’as observe Muharram as the month when Husayn (Prophet Muhammad’s grandson) was martyred and so they refrain from joyous events in his memory.

Sentence starters for Task 5

GCSE RS – Week Beginning 13th July Topic: The Ten Obligatory Acts of Shi’a Islam Learning Objective: To explain what the Ten Obligatory Acts of Shi’a Islam are

RE-Cap 1. Explain two Muslim beliefs about God 2. Explain why pilgrimage is important for Christians 3. Name four Muslim festivals

The Ten Obligatory Acts are as important for Shi’a Muslims as the Five Pillars are for Sunni Muslims. You will notice some similarities between them! Read through the information about the Ten Obligatory Acts and complete the table below

Then create a poster to help you remember the Ten Obligatory Acts

The 10 Obligatory Acts

The obligatory acts are practices that Muslims believe God has made compulsory. 1 Salah (Prayer)

5 daily prayers where Muslims face towards the Ka’ba in Makkah, but many Shi’as combine these prayers into 3. They are performed at dawn, just after noon and at dusk.

They do this because Muhammad allowed the combination of prayers.

2 Sawm Like Sunni Muslims, Shi’as also fast during the month of Ramadan. Shi’a Muslims will remember the death of Ali on the 20th day of Ramadan and will go into mourning for 3 days.

3 Hajj Like Sunnis, Shia’s go on the annual pilgrimage to Makkah in the 12th month of the Muslim calendar. In addition to Hajj, Sunni Muslims also make Pilgrimages to shines and graves, in particular visiting the grave of Husayn in Karbala (Iraq)

4 Zakah To support those in need, Shi’a Muslims will donate 2.5% of their wealth every year, just as Sunni Muslims do.

5. Khums

In addition to Zakah, Shi’as are expected to pay Khums, a wealth tax of 20% of their savings. This money is paid to Muslim scholars and community leaders for the welfare of the community.

6 Jihad This is the duty to struggle against sin. For the sake of God, Muslims should fight against injustice, removing any obstacles that might prevent people being able to worship God.

7 Amr-bil-maroof

The central purpose of Islam is to create a society where people can live in peace and harmony. Therefore, it is the duty of all Muslims to encourage others to do good, for the sake of God. In the Hadith

Muhammad promises that the person who persuades someone else to do a good deed will get the same reward as the person he persuaded.

8. Nahil Anril Munkar (discouraging the bad)

It is the duty of all Muslims to forbid evil; when someone sees a wrong they should correct it. IT is the Ummah’s responsibility to discourage people from harmful actions like bribery, corruption and dishonesty.—”whoever among you sees evil should change it with his hand.” Qur’an

9. Tawalia (to love friends of God)

To love God, the Prophet Muhammad, and all people who are truthful, honest, fair and kind. To have love for the 12 infallible Imams. 10. Tabarra (hate evil-doers)

Muslims believe it is important to disassociate themselves from enemies of God. We should hate, separate ourselves from, people who are impure and those who oppress others. Many Muslims disagree on who are enemies of Allah.

10 Obligatory Acts Write each of the 10 Obligatory Acts in the first column. In the centre column write a definition for each term, in your own words. In the third column, comment on whether the Shi’a beliefs differ from Sunni beliefs (5 Pillars).

Obligatory Act Definition Do Sunni and Shi’a Muslims have different views

10.