Integration Testing of Object-Oriented Software
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Core Elements of Continuous Testing
WHITE PAPER CORE ELEMENTS OF CONTINUOUS TESTING Today’s modern development disciplines -- whether Agile, Continuous Integration (CI) or Continuous Delivery (CD) -- have completely transformed how teams develop and deliver applications. Companies that need to compete in today’s fast-paced digital economy must also transform how they test. Successful teams know the secret sauce to delivering high quality digital experiences fast is continuous testing. This paper will define continuous testing, explain what it is, why it’s important, and the core elements and tactical changes development and QA teams need to make in order to succeed at this emerging practice. TABLE OF CONTENTS 3 What is Continuous Testing? 6 Tactical Engineering Considerations 3 Why Continuous Testing? 7 Benefits of Continuous Testing 4 Core Elements of Continuous Testing WHAT IS CONTINUOUS TESTING? Continuous testing is the practice of executing automated tests throughout the software development cycle. It’s more than just automated testing; it’s applying the right level of automation at each stage in the development process. Unlike legacy testing methods that occur at the end of the development cycle, continuous testing occurs at multiple stages, including development, integration, pre-release, and in production. Continuous testing ensures that bugs are caught and fixed far earlier in the development process, improving overall quality while saving significant time and money. WHY CONTINUOUS TESTING? Continuous testing is a critical requirement for organizations that are shifting left towards CI or CD, both modern development practices that ensure faster time to market. When automated testing is coupled with a CI server, tests can instantly be kicked off with every build, and alerts with passing or failing test results can be delivered directly to the development team in real time. -
Testing in the Software Development Life Cycle and Its Importance
International Journal of Engineering and Information Systems (IJEAIS) ISSN: 2643-640X Vol. 3 Issue 9, September – 2019, Pages: 15-20 Testing in the Software Development Life Cycle and its Importance Noortaj Department of Computing and Technology Abasyn University Peshawar, Pakistan Email: [email protected] Abstract : Software development life cycle is a structure followed by the development team within the software organization imposed on the development of software product. The important role of testing in the software development life cycle is to improve the performance, reliability, and quality of the software. I believe testing should be thoroughly planned and conducted throughout the Software development life cycle for best results. Hence, software testing is facing different challenges. In this article, i have explained different phases of the software development life cycle, different testing techniques and its importance. Keywords: Software Development Life Cycle Testing, Testing in the Software Development Process, Software Testing, Importance of testing. 1. INTRODUCTION Testing plays an important role in the software development life-cycle to recognize the defects in the development process and resolve those defects. But before the explanation of the Software development life cycle, I would like to explain the phases of the software development process. Phase 1 Requirement collection and Analysis: For the collection of requirements a discussion is conducted to analyze the requirements and to state how the problem should be solved. The main work of the requirement collection is to determine the anticipated issues and it helps companies to finalize the necessary timeline in order to complete the work of that system in time. -
Definition of Software Construction Artefacts for Software Construction
Chapter 3: Internet and Applications Definition of Software Construction Artefacts for Software Construction M.Zinn, G.Turetschek and A.D.Phippen Centre for Information Security and Network Research, University of Plymouth, Plymouth United Kingdom e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected], [email protected] Abstract The definition of a service based software construction process, published in 2007 (Zinn, 2007), builds on the use of software construction artefacts (SCA). These artefacts form useable building blocks (units of modelling) for software, which can be implemented in a software product by a service. The building blocks are categorized in four different types (GUI, data, function and structure). The foundation for the use of these artefacts is the method of the software construction process which constructs the software similar to the methods used in computer aided design (CAD). This paper refines and expands on the definition of the artefacts to present the current state of research in software construction procedures. It will show how the artefacts are constructed and how they can be used in software construction. In addition the software construction artefacts will be compared to components, modules and objects. Based on this definition of the application area, further potential scenarios for the use of the artefacts, as well as their properties and points still being worked on, are shown. The purpose is to create a more exact description, definition of the software construction artefacts to obtain a better understanding of the software construction process. Keywords Computer Aided Design (CAD), software construction process (SCP), software engineering, (web) services, software construction artefacts (SCA) and software construction services (SCS), model driven development (MDD) 1. -
Leading Practice: Test Strategy and Approach in Agile Projects
CA SERVICES | LEADING PRACTICE Leading Practice: Test Strategy and Approach in Agile Projects Abstract This document provides best practices on how to strategize testing CA Project and Portfolio Management (CA PPM) in an agile project. The document does not include specific test cases; the list of test cases and steps for each test case are provided in a separate document. This document should be used by the agile project team that is planning the testing activities, and by end users who perform user acceptance testing (UAT). Concepts Concept Description Test Approach Defines testing strategy, roles and responsibilities of various team members, and test types. Testing Environments Outlines which testing is carried out in which environment. Testing Automation and Tools Addresses test management and automation tools required for test execution. Risk Analysis Defines the approach for risk identification and plans to mitigate risks as well as a contingency plan. Test Planning and Execution Defines the approach to plan the test cases, test scripts, and execution. Review and Approval Lists individuals who should review, approve and sign off on test results. Test Approach The test approach defines testing strategy, roles and responsibilities of various team members, and the test types. The first step is to define the testing strategy. It should describe how and when the testing will be conducted, who will do the testing, the type of testing being conducted, features being tested, environment(s) where the testing takes place, what testing tools are used, and how are defects tracked and managed. The testing strategy should be prepared by the agile core team. -
A Parallel Program Execution Model Supporting Modular Software Construction
A Parallel Program Execution Model Supporting Modular Software Construction Jack B. Dennis Laboratory for Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA 02139 U.S.A. [email protected] Abstract as a guide for computer system design—follows from basic requirements for supporting modular software construction. A watershed is near in the architecture of computer sys- The fundamental theme of this paper is: tems. There is overwhelming demand for systems that sup- port a universal format for computer programs and software The architecture of computer systems should components so users may benefit from their use on a wide reflect the requirements of the structure of pro- variety of computing platforms. At present this demand is grams. The programming interface provided being met by commodity microprocessors together with stan- should address software engineering issues, in dard operating system interfaces. However, current systems particular, the ability to practice the modular do not offer a standard API (application program interface) construction of software. for parallel programming, and the popular interfaces for parallel computing violate essential principles of modular The positions taken in this presentation are contrary to or component-based software construction. Moreover, mi- much conventional wisdom, so I have included a ques- croprocessor architecture is reaching the limit of what can tion/answer dialog at appropriate places to highlight points be done usefully within the framework of superscalar and of debate. We start with a discussion of the nature and VLIW processor models. The next step is to put several purpose of a program execution model. Our Parallelism processors (or the equivalent) on a single chip. -
Object-Oriented Software Construction Oriented Software Construction Software Construction I Software Construction II
ObjectObject--orientedoriented software construction Analysis/Requirements: What am I doing? Design: Which classes and methods? Implementation: How do I do it? Testing: Does it work? Maintenance: I just turn it in, right? Software Construction I z Programming is not just coding and debugging! z Analysis Analysis – English description of what system models, Design to meet a requirement or specification Implementation – Usually involves working with non-programmer Testing Maintenance to develop detailed specifications Waterfall model of software development z DiDesign: Mtit!Measure twice, cut once! – divide & conquer: system is composed of smaller subsystems which in turn may be composed of even smaller subsystems z OOP, system is decomposed into a set of cooperating objects – Pseudocode: describe tasks, subtasks, and how they relate – hand-simulation: desk-check pseudocode by stepping through it without using a computer – often use diagrams to better communicate the structure of the system z Often flowcharts in procedural languages and UML diagrams in OOP Wright State University, College of Engineering CS 241 Dr. T. Doom, Computer Science & Engineering Computer Programming II 58 Software Construction II z Implementation – Pick a language Analysis Design – emphasize good problem decomposition, Implementation well structured design, and readable, Testing well-documented programming style Maintenance –mayyg need to backtrack and redesign Waterfall model of software development z Testing – submitting input data or sample user interactions and seeing if program reacts properly – typically done in stages, starting with individual components and working up to subsystems, and eventually the entire program – bugs: errors in code or design – debugging: process of removing program bugs Wright State University, College of Engineering CS 241 Dr. -
6.005 Elements of Software Construction Fall 2008
MIT OpenCourseWare http://ocw.mit.edu 6.005 Elements of Software Construction Fall 2008 For information about citing these materials or our Terms of Use, visit: http://ocw.mit.edu/terms. 10/15/2008 Today’s Topics how to avoid debugging ¾assertions ¾code reviews how to do it when you have to ¾reducing test cases ¾hypothesis-driven debugging ¾binary search Debugging very hard bugs Rob Miller ¾Heisenbugs Fall 2008 © Robert Miller 2008 © Robert Miller 2008 Defensive Programming First Defense: Impossible By Design first defense against bugs is to make them impossible in the language ¾Java makes buffer overflow bugs impossible ¾automatic array bounds checking make buffer overflow bugs impossible second defense against bugs is to not make them ¾static typing eliminates many runtime type errors ¾correctness: get things riihght first time in the protocols/libraries/modules third defense is to make bugs easy to find ¾TCP/IP guarantees that data is not reordered ¾local visibility of errors: if things fail, we'd rather they fail loudly and ¾BigInteger guarantees that there will be no overflow immediately – e.g. with assertions in self-imposed conventions fourth defense is extensive testing ¾immutable objects can be passed around and shared without fear ¾uncover as many bugs as possible ¾caution: you have to keep the discipline last resort is dbidebugging • get the language to hel p you as much as possible , e.g. with pritivate and final ¾needed when effect of bug is distant from cause © Robert Miller 2008 © Robert Miller 2008 1 10/15/2008 Second Defense: Correctness Third Defense: Immediate Visibility get things right the first time if we can't prevent bugs, we can try to localize them to ¾don’t code before you think! Think before you code. -
Chap 3. Test Models and Strategies 3.5 Test Integration and Automation 1
Chap 3. Test Models and Strategies 3.5 Test Integration and Automation 1. Introduction 2. Integration Testing 3. System Testing 4. Test Automation Appendix: JUnit Overview 1 1. Introduction -A system is composed of components. System of software components can be defined at any physical scope. Component System Typical intercomponent interfaces (locus of (Focus of Integration) (Scope of integration faults) Integration) Method Class Instance variables Intraclass messages Class Cluster Intraclass messages Cluster Subsystem Interclass messages Interpackage messages Subsystem System Inteprocess communication Remote procedure call ORB services, OS services -Integration test design is concerned with several primary questions: 1. Which components and interfaces should be exercised? 2. In what sequence will component interfaces be exercised? 2 3. Which test design technique should be used to exercise each interface? -Integration testing is a search for component faults that cause intercomponent failures. -System scope testing is a search for faults that lead to a failure to meet a system scope responsibility. ÷System scope testing cannot be done unless components interoperate sufficiently well to exercise system scope responsibilities. -Effective testing at system scope requires a concrete and testable system-level specification. ÷System test cases must be derived from some kind of functional specification. Traditionally, user documentation, product literature, line-item narrative requirements, and system scope models have been used. 3 2. Integration Testing -Unit testing focuses on individual components. Once faults in each component have been removed and the test cases do not reveal any new fault, components are ready to be integrated into larger subsystems. -Integration testing detects faults that have not been detected during unit testing, by focusing on small groups of components. -
A Confused Tester in Agile World … Qa a Liability Or an Asset
A CONFUSED TESTER IN AGILE WORLD … QA A LIABILITY OR AN ASSET THIS IS A WORK OF FACTS & FINDINGS BASED ON TRUE STORIES OF ONE & MANY TESTERS !! J Presented By Ashish Kumar, WHAT’S AHEAD • A STORY OF TESTING. • FROM THE MIND OF A CONFUSED TESTER. • FEW CASE STUDIES. • CHALLENGES IDENTIFIED. • SURVEY STUDIES. • GLOBAL RESPONSES. • SOLUTION APPROACH. • PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES. • CONCLUSION & RECAP. • Q & A. A STORY OF TESTING IN AGILE… HAVE YOU HEARD ANY OF THESE ?? • YOU DON’T NEED A DEDICATED SOFTWARE TESTING TEAM ON YOUR AGILE TEAMS • IF WE HAVE BDD,ATDD,TDD,UI AUTOMATION , UNIT TEST >> WHAT IS THE NEED OF MANUAL TESTING ?? • WE WANT 100% AUTOMATION IN THIS PROJECT • TESTING IS BECOMING BOTTLENECK AND REASON OF SPRINT FAILURE • REPEATING REGRESSION IS A BIG TASK AND AN OVERHEAD • MICROSOFT HAS NO TESTERS NOT EVEN GOOGLE, FACEBOOK AND CISCO • 15K+ DEVELOPERS /4K+ PROJECTS UNDER ACTIVE • IN A “MOBILE-FIRST AND CLOUD-FIRST WORLD.” DEVELOPMENT/50% CODE CHANGES PER MONTH. • THE EFFORT, KNOWN AS AGILE SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT, • 5500+ SUBMISSION PER DAY ON AVERAGE IS DESIGNED TO LOWER COSTS AND HONE OPERATIONS AS THE COMPANY FOCUSES ON BUILDING CLOUD AND • 20+ SUSTAINED CODE CHANGES/MIN WITH 60+PEAKS MOBILE SOFTWARE, SAY ANALYSTS • 75+ MILLION TEST CASES RUN PER DAY. • MR. NADELLA TOLD BLOOMBERG THAT IT MAKES MORE • DEVELOPERS OWN TESTING AND DEVELOPERS OWN SENSE TO HAVE DEVELOPERS TEST & FIX BUGS INSTEAD OF QUALITY. SEPARATE TEAM OF TESTERS TO BUILD CLOUD SOFTWARE. • GOOGLE HAVE PEOPLE WHO COULD CODE AND WANTED • SUCH AN APPROACH, A DEPARTURE FROM THE TO APPLY THAT SKILL TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF TOOLS, COMPANY’S TRADITIONAL PRACTICE OF DIVIDING INFRASTRUCTURE, AND TEST AUTOMATION. -
Empirical Evaluation of the Effectiveness and Reliability of Software Testing Adequacy Criteria and Reference Test Systems
Empirical Evaluation of the Effectiveness and Reliability of Software Testing Adequacy Criteria and Reference Test Systems Mark Jason Hadley PhD University of York Department of Computer Science September 2013 2 Abstract This PhD Thesis reports the results of experiments conducted to investigate the effectiveness and reliability of ‘adequacy criteria’ - criteria used by testers to determine when to stop testing. The research reported here is concerned with the empirical determination of the effectiveness and reliability of both tests sets that satisfy major general structural code coverage criteria and test sets crafted by experts for testing specific applications. We use automated test data generation and subset extraction techniques to generate multiple tests sets satisfying widely used coverage criteria (statement, branch and MC/DC coverage). The results show that confidence in the reliability of such criteria is misplaced. We also consider the fault-finding capabilities of three test suites created by the international community to serve to assure implementations of the Data Encryption Standard (a block cipher). We do this by means of mutation analysis. The results show that not all sets are mutation adequate but the test suites are generally highly effective. The block cipher implementations are also seen to be highly ‘testable’ (i.e. they do not mask faults). 3 Contents Abstract ............................................................................................................................ 3 Table of Tables ............................................................................................................... -
Effective Methods for Software Testing
Effective Methods for Software Testing Third Edition Effective Methods for Software Testing Third Edition William E. Perry Effective Methods for Software Testing, Third Edition Published by Wiley Publishing, Inc. 10475 Crosspoint Boulevard Indianapolis, IN 46256 www.wiley.com Copyright © 2006 by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana Published simultaneously in Canada ISBN-13: 978-0-7645-9837-1 ISBN-10: 0-7645-9837-6 Manufactured in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 3MA/QV/QU/QW/IN No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copy- right Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 646-8600. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Legal Department, Wiley Publishing, Inc., 10475 Crosspoint Blvd., Indianapolis, IN 46256, (317) 572-3447, fax (317) 572-4355, or online at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions. Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: The publisher and the author make no repre- sentations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this work and specifically disclaim all warranties, including without limitation warranties of fit- ness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales or promo- tional materials. -
ISO 26262 Software Compliance with Parasoft C++Test
ISO 26262 Software Compliance with Parasoft: Achieving Functional Safety in the Automotive Industry Some modern automobiles have more lines of code than a jet fighter. Even moderately sophisticated cars ship with larger and more complex codebases than the same line from just a few years ago. The inclusion of multi-featured infotainment systems, driver-assist technologies, and electronically controlled safety features as standard components—even in economy models—have fueled the growth of software in the automotive industry. Additionally, the emergence of driverless technology and “connected” cars that function as IoT systems on wheels will mean even larger and more complex codebases. All of the innovation taking place in the automotive industry, though, raises concerns over the safety, security, and reliability of automotive electronic systems. The concerns are appropriate given that the automotive software supply chain is a long convoluted system of third-party providers spanning several tiers. Consider, for example, that software developed for a specific microcontroller unit (MCU) may be integrated by a third-tier provider into a component they’re shipping to a second-tier provider and so on—until a composite component is delivered for final integration by the automaker. While not all automotive software is critical to the safe operation of the vehicle, code that carries out functional safety operations must be safe, secure, and reliable. Organizations must implement strong software quality process controls around the development of safety-critical software in accordance with ISO 26262, which is a functional safety standard for automotive software. ISO 26262 provides guidance on processes associated with software development for electrical and/or electronic (E/E) systems in automobiles.