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Geological Research Results Utilization for Tourism Development in the Pieniny and Zamagurie Region (North-Eastern Slovakia)

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Geological Research Results Utilization for Tourism Development in the Pieniny and Zamagurie Region (North-Eastern Slovakia) Acta Geoturistica vol. 5 (2014), nr. 1, 18-23 Geological research results utilization for tourism development in the Pieniny and Zamagurie region (north-eastern Slovakia) 1 1 1 1 STANISLAV JACKO , JURAJ JANOČKO , JULIÁN KONDELA , MARTA PREKOPOVÁ 1 and BARBORA ZAKRŠMÍDOVÁ 1 Institute of Geo-sciences, Technical University of Košice, Letná 9, 042 00 Košice, Slovakia (E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]) ABSTRACT Tectonic junction of Inner Carpathian Paleogene Basin (ICPB) and Klippen Belt in the Pieniny and Zamagurie region was interest for explanation both units. Interpretation of geophysical data and geological structures we verify depth and spatial distribution of the Križna nappe in footwall. If we compare analogous geological structures in the Poland part, the Križna nappe and tectonic junction before Klippen Belt tectonic margin is suitable place for next geothermal research. We assume, the study area has possibilities for aquifer localization and for geothermal tourism development in the area. Key words: seismic, geothermal conditions, Klippen Belt INTRODUCTION units composition and their structure for geothermal heating accumulation at the The Pieniny and Zamagurie region area, which can be successfully used for situated at the northeastern edge of the geotermal energy and tourism growth at the Spišská Magura region covers also an area region. of the Pieniny National Park (PNP) located at the Slovakian/Polish border (Fig.1). This topographically highly diversified sector of GEOLOGICAL CONDITIONS the Western Carpathians is overflowed by landscape notabilities what reflects into Geothermal potential of any area limits yearly increasing touristic activities of the multiple conditions which are essential for area. Prevailing part of visitors prefer latently effectual area growing. Suitable rafting on Dunajec river, but many of them geological conditions of a wider territory favor also other actions at both i.e. belong in particular to them. From this Slovakian and Polish part of the PNP. aspect extended PNP sector forms a central Polish visitors prefer rather domestic part of extremely reduced and dissected services. On the base of information from PKB zone at the contact of Outer Western Association for region growth in the Carpathian Flysh Belt and the Central Pieniny and Zamagurie region at the Slovak Western Carpathian Block overriding the part of the PNP dominate one day tourism PKB at the some tens km. distance. activities only. Crustally shortened and crushed PKB zone At Poland and Slovakia border line reaching the Moho boundary forms an geological researches of the Pieniny appropriate medium for both geothermal Klippen Belt (PKB) and the Inner heat fertilization and contemporaneous heat Carpathian Paleogene Basin (ICPB) has flow isolines ascent. been realized in 2011 period. The results The Pieniny Klippen Belt is located close to explained favourable relations of geological northern edge of the Spišská Magura 18 Acta Geoturistica vol. 5 (2014), nr. 1, 18-23 Fig. 1 Localization of study area and realized geophysical cross-section. region. Morphologically, the PKB is typical Sedimentary filling of the Inner by extremely broken relief emphasizing its Carpathian Paleogene Basin (ICPB) reflects rheo-/lithologically diversified and the evolution at the southern part of PKB temporarily unequal rock units. Massive, during the Paleogene period. Also rigid klippes are generally build by Jurrasic ICPB/PKB contact boundary has been - Early Cretaceous radiolarites, nodular multiply tectonized. The ICPB is limestones and spotted limestons. The composed of the Midlle Eocene - Upper Upper Cretaceous sediments are Oligocene clastic sediments forming three represented by dual significant facies. The formations. The basal Borove Formation first one consists of red and gray marls and consists of clastic sediments and marlstones of the Púchov Formation, the nummulitic limestones. They are overlain second one is composed of the Jarmuta by 100 m thick mudstone of the Huty Formation sandstones and siltstones. The Formations. The Zuberec Formation youngest Paleogene sediments represent consisting of mutual sandstones and siltstones and conglomerates of so-called mudstones alternation terminates ,,peri-Klippen Belt Paleogene”. sedimentary cycle of the IPCB. Both PKB rocks mechanical differences The Križna nappe forms pre-Tertiary and poly-stage extensive shortening of the basement unit of IPCB sediments at the PKB structure reflect into characteristic. Pieniny and Zamagurie region. However, it ,,klippen“ structural style of the PKB zone. is only uncovered at upland exposures of Competent rocks (mainly limestones) form the Belianske Tatry Mts southwardly from ,,klippes“ i.e. some m3 to a few km3 the Spišská Magura region. This nappe extending, tectonically separated usually sheet builds diverse varieties of Early lensoidal block ,,floating“ in incompetent Triassic and Midlle Cretaceous sedimentary (maily marlstone) rock medium. Highly rocks namely: dolomites, limestones, sandy instructive outcrop examples of the style limestones and marls. The Middle Triassic remain namely within adjacent The dolomites and limestones are main aquifer Spišsko- Šarišské Medzihorie Depression. of geothermal water in the area. 19 Acta Geoturistica vol. 5 (2014), nr. 1, 18-23 TECTONICS The quality of field data was not significantly affected by weather and/or As has been already mentioned the other artificial sources. Obtained data were Pieniny and Zamagurie region belongs to sufficient for processing and interpretation. tectonically very exposed areas. The oldest Processing of field data was performed tectonic structures are thrust planes using Seis-TW software, and they were developed in the underlying the Krížna several times reprocessed. In the process, Nappe pile. On the basis of knowledge of several steps were carried out by filtering the wider area we assume, that apart from data, pre-stack migration, application of FK the sole thrust the pile consist of several filter, speed analysis and 2D modeling. partial thrusts slices forming together the Obtained outputs serve as the basis for nappe unit. Most significant fault in the geological interpretation realized in the area are parallel with tectonic zone rimming PETREL software. PKB and ICPB. Multiply reactivated and steeply dipped bordering fault zone showing deep impact into structural style of RESEARCH RESULTS both PKB and ICPB formations has according to seismic sections a whole- Data from deep seismic section was crustal course. Both the Križna nappe pile processes and interpreted and for tourism and ICPB rock sequences have been purposes we also realized analogous thereafter markedly deformed by younger research nearby the Spišská Stará Ves town. fault tectonics. Rocks fracturation and faults The interpretation results cover spatial orientation modify either water or identification of the main stratigraphic and heat circulation and their ascent from tectonic interfaces (Fig.2). At seismic deeper parts of the system. Mentioned section has been possible to identify attributes needs to be taken into account for seismic reflections, which we interpret as proper field prospection and localization of the sedimentary boundary between ICPB explored geothermal well. formations and their Krížna nappe basement. The units interface show a marked change in both course and shape METHODOLOGY reflexes. Reflexes of ICPB formations have nearly The main goal of the research related to linear character. The Krížna Nappe deep an explanation of the structure nearby the structure manifests irregular, duplex-like Pieniny Klippen Belt and the ICPB contact formed reflexes with variable thickness and zone (Fig.1). Taking into account previous non linear direction, while clastic ICPB researches relating to uplift of the Spišská sediments show more stable physical Magura Mts., and sedimentation in this properties. The contact of both mentioned area, we realized deep seismic prospection reflexes types we interpreted as discordance by seismic reflex method. For surface where ICPB sediments measurements of seismic velocities 24 transgressively overlain the Križna nappe channel seismic apparatus Terraloc MK-8, sequences. Both units are significantly and geophone SM-4B 10Hz was used. We tectonically limited in eastern side of selected ideal sampling interval of 500μs, seismic section by steep PKB edge (Fig.3). sampling step 8192. As a resource for In the central part of the section we reaching the maximum depth we used identified graben or strike - slip structure explosive Eurodyn 2000 0.33 kg. Geophone limited by deep faults. We suppose that it distance as well as resources was the same, represents a junction zone with the Klippen i.e. 12.5 m. Terrain data were exported to Belt created due to shear faults generating SEG-D. shear fans, which includes all the units. We 20 Acta Geoturistica vol. 5 (2014), nr. 1, 18-23 can conclude that at study area is possible follows north-/northeastwards sediments to implement a targeted research for dip inclination. Marginal PKB barrier cut verification of any geological structure as a by several transverse faults could locally source of geothermal water utilizable for modify the direction of water flow. We the tourism development of the area . This assume the entire structure appears to be structure appears to be semi-open system semi-open aquifer saturated by meteoric donated water either along deep faults
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