Introduction to Memory What would life be like with no memory?
Worth Publishers
Video Overview begin at 40 mins Memory
. Memory (SAF video episode 2 begin @ 13:52) . persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information . Flashbulb Memory . a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event "You have to begin to lose your memory, if only in bits and pieces, to realize that memory is what makes our lives. Life without memory is our coherence, our reason, our feelings, even our action. Without it, we are nothing.“
~Oliver Sacks, The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat" Memory Demonstration I will share a list of words with you
Your job is to try to recall all of them as best you can Please open your notebook and have a writing implement handy for after the demonstration Please do not talk during this demonstration Here are the words: BED NIGHT COMFORT REST AWAKE SNORE DREAM AARDVARK TIRED EAT SOUND SLUMBER WAKE •So those are the words. On that blank sheet of paper, write your name, your full address, phone number and your parents’ names •This is what is called a “distracter activity” Now, write the words you can recall—in any order
I will be going around the room to see how you did. Now, how many of you remember the word “Aardvark”? How many of you remember the word “sleep”? Why do you think this occurred? Schema: A mental map or mental representation of an idea—made up of associations and connections The brain: •Looks for patterns •Tries to make meaning wherever it can (e.g. clouds, ceiling tiles, etc.) Memory Models to Know:
Information Processing Model Encoding, Storage, Retrieval
Atkinson Shiffrin Model 1968 Sensory Memory, Short Term Memory, Long Term Memory Memory: Information Processing Model
. similar to a computer . write to file- type it in… . save to disk- hit save… . read from disk- find the file and open it…. Memory: Information Processing Model
. Encoding . the processing of information into the memory system . i.e., extracting meaning . Storage . the retention of encoded information over time . Retrieval . process of getting information out of memory Memory: Atkinson Shiffrin Model
A three stage processing model Components: Encoding and Retrieval Memory- AS
. Sensory Memory . the immediate, initial recording of sensory information in the memory system . Working Memory (newer concept) . focuses more on the processing of briefly stored information Memory- AS
. Short-Term Memory . activated memory that holds a few items briefly . look up a phone number, then quickly dial before the information is forgotten . Long-Term Memory . the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system A Simplified Connectionism and Info. Processing Memory Models
Attention to important Sensory input or novel information
Encoding External Sensory Short-term Long-term events memory memory memory Encoding Retrieving Encoding: Getting Information In
Worth Publishers Encoding: Getting Information In
Encoding
Effortful Automatic Encoding
. Automatic Processing . unconscious encoding of incidental information . space . time . frequency . well-learned information . word meanings . we can learn automatic processing . reading backwards Encoding
. Effortful Processing . requires attention and conscious effort . Rehearsal . conscious repetition of information . to maintain it in consciousness . to encode it for storage Encoding
. Ebbinghaus used nonsense syllables . TUV ZOF GEK WA