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03. Reyes Et Al Graellsia, 62(2): 179-198 (2006) SOIL AND FRESHWATER NEMATODES OF THE IBERIAN FAUNA: A SYNTHESIS R. Peña-Santiago*, J. Abolafia, P. Guerrero, G. Liébanas & M. Peralta ABSTRACT The first available compilation of Iberian soil and freshwater nematodes is presented in this paper. The inventory is currently made up of 981 species belonging to 236 genera, 77 families and 12 orders. Data of the Iberian nematode fauna are compared with other components of the Iberian biota, as well as the nematode fauna of other geographical regions. Quantitative and qualitative aspects of the nematode inventory are analyzed and discussed, paying special attention to the kind of information available for each species, and concluding that practically one-third of Iberian spe- cies are deficiently characterized and need further study. Endemicity of Iberian species is also con- sidered: 143 species, 14.6% of the total, are restricted (in their distribution) to the Iberian geography, most of them being members of the orders Dorylaimida (87) and Tylenchida (29), which are also the most diversified nematode taxa. Practical or applied interest of knowledge of the Iberian nematode fauna is commented and supported with examples and recent contributions. Finally, an alphabetical list of the species, ordered by specific name, is provided. Key words: Balearic Islands, Compilation, Endemisms, Faunistics, Freshwater, Iberian Peninsula, Nematoda, Soil. RESUMEN Nematodos edáficos y de agua dulce de la fauna ibérica: una síntesis En esta contribución se presenta una recopilación de las especies ibéricas de nematodos de suelo y de agua dulce, la primera de este tipo realizada hasta el momento. El inventario actual lo compo- nen 981 especies de 236 géneros, 77 familias y 12 órdenes. Los datos correspondiente a la fauna ibé- rica de nematodos se compara con la de otros táxones de la biota ibérica. Se analizan y se discuten distintos aspectos cuantitativos y cualitativos de la fauna nematológica, con especial énfasis en el tipo de información disponible sobre cada especie, y se concluye que casi una tercera parte de las espe- cies ibéricas permanecen insuficientemente caracterizadas, razón por la cual requieren de estudios adicionales. La endemicidad de las especies es así mismo objeto de atención: 143 especies, un 14.6% del total están restringidas en su distribución al ámbito ibérico, en su mayor parte pertenecientes a los órdenes Dorylaimida (87) y Tylenchida (29), por otra parte los más diversificados de entre los pertenecientes al filo. El interés básico y aplicado del conocimiento de la fauna de nematodos es comentado e ilustrado con aportaciones recientes y ejemplos. Por último, se presenta una lista de todas las especies de la fauna ibérica, ordenadas alfabéticamente por su epíteto específico. Palabras clave: Agua dulce, Compendio, Endemismos, Faunística, Islas Baleares, Nematodos edáficos, Península Ibérica, Suelo. * Departamento de Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Jaén. Campus “Las Lagunillas” s/n, Edificio B3, 23071-Jaén, Spain. Email: [email protected] 180 PEÑA-SANTIAGO, ABOLAFIA, GUERRERO, LIÉBANAS & PERALTA Introduction Twenty nine (six dorylaimid, 21 rhabditid, two tylenchid and one triplonchid) species were added The biodiversity of any territory is one of its to the Iberian Fauna catalogue (Appendix 1), as main distinctive features and its characterization well as many new records of other species pre- serves fundamental and applied purposes. The biota viously reported [see also Díez-Rojo et al. (2006) of soil and freshwater sediments has hitherto recei- for a compilation of plant-parasitic species recor- ved little attention, although it plays an important ded in Castilla y León region]. Nine (one dorylai- role in their respective food webs. Nematodes (phy- mid, seven rhabditid and one triplonchid) species lum Nematoda or Nemata) are a highly diversified are tentatively considered to be Iberian endemisms zoological group, which displays a wide trophic since their current distribution is restricted to spectrum and shows perhaps the widest geographi- peninsular Spain and Portugal. cal spread among animals. Moreover, they are a The new information is presented below, follo- major component of living communities inhabiting wing a general scheme identical to that used in pre- soils and freshwater bodies. vious compendia. Regional continental nematode faunas practi- cally have not been studied, and little information is available on their distribution patterns as well as on processes behind them. Soil and freshwater Iberian Order DORYLAIMIDA nematodes have been recorded throughout the last five decades, starting with the work of Gadea abrantinum, Xiphinema Roca & Pereira, 1991 (1952), the pioneering Spanish nematologist. In the NEW RECORDS: Guadiamar river basin/Sevilla (Murillo- following decades, other authors made relevant Navarro et al., 2005). contributions in the field: Jiménez-Millán and his collaborators (Arias, Bello, Romero) and Tobar- Jiménez from the sixties; Jiménez-Guirado and aceri, Xiphinema Chizhov, Kiev & Turkina, 1986 Palomo from the seventies; de Andrés, Castillo, NEW RECORDS: Several localities in the Iberian Peninsula Hernández, Navas, Nombela, Ocaña and Peña- (Arias et al., 2005); Guadiamar river basin/Sevilla Santiago in the eighties; and several young nema- (Murillo-Navarro et al., 2005). tologists (Abolafia, Armendáriz, Escuer, Galeano, REMARKS: Arias et al. (2005) provided description, illus- Liébanas, Talavera) in the nineties. trations and measurements of Iberian populations of Lately, a series of compendia of soil and fresh- this species. water nematodes recorded within the Iberian geo- graphical range have been published. Abolafia & africanus, Longidorus Merny, 1966 Peña-Santiago (2001) compiled the species belon- ging to the order Rhabditida, Peña-Santiago et al. DISTRIBUTION: Herdade do Carvalhal/Ribatejo/Portugal (2003) the order Dorylaimida, Peña-Santiago et al. (Bravo & Roca, 1995). (2004) the order Tylenchida, and Peña-Santiago et REMARKS: Bravo & Roca (1995) provided description, al. (2005) the remaining (minor) orders Enoplida, illustrations and measurements of Portuguese popula- Triplonchida, Mononchida, Chromadorida, Desmo- tions of this species. dorida, Monhysterida, Araeolaimida, Plectida and Aphelenchida. amylovorus, Aporcelaimellus (Thorne & Swanger, 1936) The aim of the present contribution is to update Heyns, 1965 the inventory of Iberian nematode species and pro- vide a general panorama of our current knowledge NEW RECORDS: Guadiamar river basin/Sevilla (Peña- (of them) as well to discuss its fundamental and Santiago et al., 2005). applied interest. andrassyi, Allodorylaimus (Meyl, 1955) Andrássy, 1986 REMARKS: Erroneously named Eudorylaimus andrassyi Updating the inventory by Peña-Santiago et al. (2003). This work has been undertaken to compile bastiani, Mesodorylaimus (Bütschli, 1873) Andrássy, 1959 information recently available in specialized litera- ture, to include new records or those data that were NEW RECORDS: Guadiamar river basin/Sevilla (Peña- overlooked, and/or to correct some noted errors. Santiago et al., 2005). IBERIAN SOIL AND FRESHWATER NEMATODES 181 belmontense, Xiphinema Roca & Pereira, 1992 index, Xiphinema Thorne & Allen, 1950 NEW RECORDS: Guadiamar river basin/Sevilla (Murillo- NEW RECORDS: Guadiamar river basin/Sevilla (Murillo- Navarro et al., 2005). Navarro et al., 2005). brevicaudatus, Mesodorylaimus Abolafia & Peña- lupini, Xiphinema Roca & Pereira, 1993 Santiago, 1996 NEW RECORDS: Guadiamar river basin/Sevilla (Murillo- NEW RECORDS: Guadiamar river basin/Sevilla (Peña- Navarro et al., 2005). Santiago et al., 2005). monohystera, Ecumenicus (De Man, 1880) Thorne, 1974 bulbiferus, Discolaimoidess (Cobb, 1906) Heyns, 1963 NEW RECORDS: Guadiamar river basin/Sevilla (Peña- NEW RECORDS: Guadiamar river basin/Sevilla (Peña- Santiago et al., 2005). Santiago et al., 2005). obtusicaudatus, Aporcelaimellus (Bastian, 1865) declinatoaculeatus, Epacrolaimus (Kreis, 1924) Andrássy, Altherr, 1968 2000 NEW RECORDS: Guadiamar river basin/Sevilla (Peña- SYNONYMY: Aporcelaimus vorax Thorne & Swanger, 1936 Santiago et al., 2005). NEW RECORDS:Several localities from southeastern Iberian Peninsula (Martínez-Olías et al., 2005). pachtaicum, Xiphinema (Tulaganov, 1938) Kirjanova, 1936 REMARKS:Martínez-Olías et al. (2005) provided des- SYNONYMY: Xiphinema mediterraneum Martelli & Lamberti, cription, measurements and illustrations, including 1967. SEM photographs of Andalusian populations. This species was recorded as Aporcelaimus vorax by Peña- NEW RECORDS: Santa Olalla/Toledo (Nombela et al., Santiago et al. (2003). 1998); Guadiamar river basin/Sevilla (Murillo- Navarro et al., 2005; Peña-Santiago et al., 2005). diversicaudatum, Xiphinema (Micoletzky, 1927) Thorne, REMARKS: Peña-Santiago et al. (2003) recorded X. pach- 1939 taicum and X. mediterraneum as separate and different NEW RECORDS: Guadiamar river basin/Sevilla (Murillo- species. Navarro et al., 2005). parasiticus, Dorylaimus Navarro, Guerrero, Pérez- engadinensis, Pungentus (Altherr, 1950) Altherr, 1952 Mellado & Lluch, 1995 NEW RECORDS: Guadiamar river basin/Sevilla (Peña- DISTRIBUTION: Santuario de la Chilla/Ávila (Navarro et Santiago et al., 2005). al., 1995). REMARKS: Navarro et al. (1995) originally described eurydorys, Aporcelaimus (Ditlevsen, 1911) Thorne & this species that might be an Iberian endemism. The Swanger, 1936 species was collected from body cavities (intestine, NEW RECORDS: Erroneously named A. eurydoris
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