DOCSLIB.ORG

Imagining Enlightenment: Buddhism and Kipling's

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Imagining Enlightenment: Buddhism and Kipling's View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Online Repository of Birkbeck Institutional Theses Birkbeck, University of London Imagining Enlightenment: Buddhism and Kipling’s Kim Susan Karin Paskins Submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy January 2017 1 Declaration I, Susan Karin Paskins, declare that this thesis is all my own work. Signed declaration………………………………………………… Date...................................... 2 Abstract In this thesis I situate Kipling’s shaping of Buddhist ideas in Kim against the background of Victorian constructions of the religion, deriving from scholarly, popular, Christian and theosophical positions. Kipling’s presentation of the lama in Kim challenges many of these interpretations since Kipling fashions himself as one who ‘knows’ about Buddhism, just as he claims to be one of the ‘native-born’ who understands India. I trace Kipling’s hostility to the missionary endeavour and also show his deep-rooted antagonism to theosophy, as manifest in three of his short stories as well as in Kim. Comparing Kim and The Light that Failed, I show that both novels deal with Kipling’s childhood experiences in Southsea, the one imagining the adult he could have been, and the other a fantasy of what life could have been like had he stayed in India and fully immersed himself in its religious life. Kipling’s biographical self-positioning thus motivates various degrees of resistance to and recrafting of the Victorian construction of Buddhism. The thesis presents a reading of Kim in which consideration of its religious ideas takes precedence over the post- colonialist analysis that has dominated critical approaches to the novel in recent decades. 3 Table of Contents Page Acknowledgements 5 Introduction 6 Chapter 1: Kipling and Arnold: Two Interpreters of 38 Buddhism Chapter 2: Theosophy and its Discontents 80 Chapter 3: Who is Kim? 127 Chapter 4: The Lama and his Search for Enlightenment 170 Conclusion 212 Bibliography 218 4 Acknowledgements The idea for this thesis took shape while I was studying for the MA in Victorian Studies at Birkbeck, and I should like to thank all the staff and students whom I met on that course for providing a friendly and stimulating environment which encouraged me to carry on with my studies after the MA had finished. In particular, the nineteenth-century reading group has been a constant source of pleasure as we discuss familiar and unfamiliar texts, and indulge our common delight in all things Victorian. I also benefited greatly from two courses on Buddhism that I attended at the School of Oriental and African Studies while researching the thesis and should like to thank Dr Tadeusz Skorupski and Dr Louise Tythacott. Alex Bubb, David Gillott, and Erin Louttit kindly sent me copies of their completed theses to encourage me on my way, and I have had many enjoyable conversations about Kipling with Erin Louttit. My friends Claire, Jill, and Kathryn helpfully read portions of the text. Dr Catherine Robinson and Dr David Scott kindly sent me copies of articles they had written when I was unable to obtain them. Many thanks also to Emma Curry for proofreading the text. Everyone who researches Kipling must be grateful to those who maintain the Kipling Society website with its comprehensive notes on his writings. This is a real labour of love. The resources of the London Library and its incomparable collections have also been of enormous help to me. My greatest debt is to two people. Carolyn Burdett has been an exemplary supervisor: kindly, conscientious, and firm when required. I could not have wished for better supervision. Barrie has heard every word of this thesis many times with the utmost patience, always ready to suggest a new line of enquiry or to make a fresh cup of coffee as required. To him, and to my ‘best beloved’ Dan and Mat, most supportive and loving of sons, this thesis is dedicated. 5 Introduction This thesis is concerned with the religious context of one important novel, Rudyard Kipling’s Kim (1901). My aim is to provide a revisionist reading which gives due weight to its presentation of Buddhist ideas, something that has been little studied despite the substantial literature on Kipling and this popular work.1 The thesis will also contribute to a growing field of work concerned with the impact that the discovery of Buddhism had on Victorian culture in the late nineteenth century. I first encountered Kipling’s writings as a child growing up in London in the 1950s. The book that caught my imagination was The Jungle Book (1894), in which my favourite character was the valiant mongoose Rikki Tikki Tavi who protected an English family living in India against dangerous cobras. This story offered a glimpse of life in a land completely foreign to me, but one where my family had strong connections, since my father and grandfather were both born in northern India in the time of the British Raj. However, influenced by my father’s socialism and by George Orwell’s view of Kipling as a ‘jingo imperialist’, I did not read Kipling again for many years, until, as part of a Master’s degree in Victorian Studies, I became interested in Kipling’s presentation of the anxieties of Empire in some of his Indian short stories.2 This led me to Kim for the first time, and, like many readers, I was enraptured by the novel’s portrait of India and its people. Kim is by common consent 1 Three notable examples of critics who do take the Buddhist ideas in the novel seriously are James H. Thrall, ‘Immersing the Chela; Religion and Empire in Rudyard Kipling’s Kim’, Religion and Literature, 36 (2004), 45–67; Corinne McCutchan, ‘Who is Kim?’ in Transforming Genres: New Approaches to British Fiction of the 1890s, ed. by Nikki Lee Manos and Meri-Jane Rochelson (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1994), pp. 131–54; Christel R. Devadawson, Reading India Writing England: The Fiction of Rudyard Kipling and E. M. Forster (Delhi: Macmillan, 2003). In addition, the Indian critics K. Bhaskara Rao, Rudyard Kipling’s India (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1967), Vasant A. Shahane, Rudyard Kipling: Activist and Artist (London: Feffer and Simons, 1973) and K. Jamiluddin, The Tropic Sun: Rudyard Kipling and the Raj (Lucknow: Lucknow University Press, 1974) comment on aspects of Buddhism in the novel. More recently, there are references to Buddhism in Kim in Patrick Brantlinger, ‘Kim’, in The Cambridge Companion to Kipling ed. by Howard J. Booth (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011), pp. 126–40 and Harish Trivedi, ‘Introduction’ in Rudyard Kipling, Kim (London: Penguin, 2011).The edition of Kim edited by Máire ni Fhlathúin (Plymouth: Broadview, 2005) has an appendix on ‘Buddhism in Victorian Britain’. However none of these critics has an extended discussion of the subject. 2 George Orwell, ‘Rudyard Kipling’, in In Time’s Eye: Essays on Rudyard Kipling, ed. by Jan Montefiore (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2013), pp. 28–41 (p. 28). Some of Kipling’s short stories which deal with the anxieties of Empire are ‘The Strange Ride of Morrowbie Jukes’ (1885), ‘Thrown Away’ (1888) and ‘At the End of the Passage’ (1890). 6 Kipling’s masterpiece, and has been much analysed, particularly by post-colonialist critics following Edward Said’s ground-breaking introduction to the Penguin edition of the novel in 1987. However one fact about the numerous critical writings on Kim struck me immediately as curious. The central character is of course the boy Kim, but he spends much of the novel as the disciple of a Tibetan Buddhist monk, the lama, and the novel culminates in the description of the religious ‘enlightenment’ of the lama, a Buddhist term. This part of the novel was invariably almost completely ignored in favour of the overtly political aspect of the book, which takes the form of a spy story set against the background of the ‘Great Game’, the term given to British manoeuvrings against Russian power in the late nineteenth century.3 Some critics ignored the lama and the religious dimension of the book completely; others dismissed the lama, seeing him as ‘selfish’ or possessing ‘an atrophied absence of adulthood’.4 I determined to research the religious context out of which the novel was produced, both to understand what Kipling knew about Buddhism and what he could have expected his early readers to have known, and also to examine what role the lama and his beliefs played in the novel and what Buddhist ideas were employed. Western engagement with Buddhism proved a vast field to explore. Interest in Eastern religions generally came into European culture in the eighteenth century in a movement that the French writer Raymond Schwab in 1950 termed the ‘Oriental Renaissance’.5 Schwab’s central idea was that the discovery of Sanskrit and ancient Indian religious texts enlarged the thinking of European writers in a way comparable to the Renaissance discovery of the classical world. This fascination with Indian texts was widespread among European thinkers and spread to America, where Transcendentalists such as Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803–1882) and Henry Thoreau (1817–1862) incorporated Hindu ideas into their thinking.6 Until the middle of the nineteenth century, however, Buddhism was not widely known in the West as a 3 For instance the authoritative Norton edition of the novel contains virtually nothing about Victorian perceptions of Buddhism and the way that Kipling uses Buddhist ideas in the novel. Rudyard Kipling, Kim, ed. by Zohreh T. Sullivan (New York and London: Norton, 2002). 4 Alan Sandison, The Wheel of Empire (London: Macmillan, 1967), p. 97; Sara Suleri, The Rhetoric of British India (Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 1992), p.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • In the Stream of Blessings: Ordained Buddhist Women in Britain
    In the Stream of Blessings: Ordained Buddhist Women in Britain Caroline Starkey Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Leeds School of Philosophy, Religion, and History of Science December 2014 2 The candidate confirms that the work submitted is her own and that appropriate credit has been given where reference has been made to the work of others. This copy has been supplied on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement ©2014 The University of Leeds and Caroline Starkey The right of Caroline Starkey to be identified as Author of this work has been asserted by her in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. 3 Acknowledgements This thesis would not have been possible without the support, guidance, and advice of a number of people and institutions. Firstly, I would like to express my gratitude to the Arts and Humanities Research Council, the University of Leeds, and to the Spalding Trust, each of whom provided vital funding. The School of Philosophy, Religion, and History of Science at the University of Leeds was extremely supportive, providing me with space to work, funding for conferences, and a collegiate atmosphere. A very special and truly heartfelt thank you is due to both of my academic supervisors – Professor Kim Knott and Dr Emma Tomalin. I am grateful for their attention to detail, their thought-provoking questions, and the concern that they showed both for my research and for me as a researcher.
    [Show full text]
  • Routledge Revivals: the Song Celestial Or Bhagavad-Gita
    Routledge Revivals The Song Celestial or Bhagavad-Gita First published in 1909, this book presents an English translation of chapters 25-42 of the Bhishma Parva from the epic Sanskrit poem Mahabharata — better known as the Bhagavad-Gita, reck- oned as one of the "Five Jewels" of Devanagari literature. The plot consists of a dialogue between Prince Arjuna and Krishna, the Supreme Deity, in a war-chariot prior to a great battle. The con- versation that takes place unfolds a philosophical system which remains the prevailing Brahmanic belief, blending the doctrines of Kapila, Patanjali, and the Vedas. Building on a number of pre- ceding translations, this highly-regarded poetic interpretation provides a major work of literature in an accessible popular form. The Song Celestial or Bhagavad-Gita From the Mahabharata Translated from the Sanskrit text by Edwin Arnold This edition first published in 1972 by Routledge & Kegan Paul Routledge Revivals edition first published in 2017 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN and by Routledge 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 1972 Edwin Arnold Publisher’s Note The publisher has gone to great lengths to ensure the quality of this reprint but points out that some imperfections in the original copies may be apparent. Disclaimer The publisher has made every effort to trace copyright holders and welcomes correspondence from those they have been unable to contact. ISBN 13: 978-1-138-28967-3 (hbk) ISBN 13: 978-1-315-26685-5 (ebk) THE SONG CELESTIAL OR BHAGA VAD-GIT A (FROM THE MAHABHARATA) BEING A DISCOURSE BETWEEN ARJUNA, PRINCE OF INDIA, AND THE SUPREME BEING UNDER THE FORM OF KRISHNA TRANSLATED FROM THE SANSKRIT TEXT BY SIR EDWIN ARNOLD, M.A., K.C.I.E., C.S.l.
    [Show full text]
  • Glory of the Gita
    http://saranaagathi.wordpress.com ॐ Xी हनुमते नमः ॐ Xी कृणाय नमः ॐ Xी िशवानंदाय नमः GLORY OF THE GITA BYBYBY GURUDEV SWAMI SIVANANDA SARASWATI MAHARAJ http://saranaagathi.wordpress.com PRAYER TO LORD SRI KRISHNA कृणाय वासुदेवाय देवकƙनदनाय च । नदगोपकुमाराय गोिवदाय नमो नमः ।। Prostration, again and again, to Lord Sri Krishna, the son of Vasudeva, the Dellighter of Devaki, the darling of Nandagopa, the protector of the Cows PRAYER TO BHAGAVAN VYAS नमोऽतु ते Ɔास िवशालबुŵे फुलारिवदायतपJनेJे । येन वया भारततैलपूणϕः OϤविलतो ज्ञानमयः Oदीपः ।। http://saranaagathi.wordpress.com Salutations to Thee, O Vyasa, of broad intellect, with eyes large like the petals of full-blown lotus, by whom the lamp of knowledge, filled with oil of Mahabharata, has been lighted. PRAYER TO THE GURU गुďQϕƔा गुďƞवणुः गुďदğवो महेƉरः । गुďः साϓात् परं QƔ तमै Xी गुरवे नमः ।। Guru is the Creator (Brahma); Guru is the Preserver (Vishnu); Guru is the Destroyer (Mahesvara); Guru is verily the Supreme Absolute. Prostration to That Guru. यानमूलं गुरोमूϕƞतः प◌ूजामूलंगुरोः पदम् । मJमूलं गुरोवाϕϝयं मोϓमूलं गुरोः कृपा ।। The Guru’s form is the root of Meditation; the Guru’s Feet are the root of Worship; the Guru’s Word is the root of Mantra; the Guru’s Grace is the root of Liberation. GLORY OF THE GITGITAAAA Swami Sivananda The Bhagavad Gita is a dialogue between Lord Krishna and Arjuna, narrated in the Bhishma-Parva of Mahabharata.
    [Show full text]
  • The Gita According to GANDHI
    The Gita according to GANDHI The Gospel of Selfless Action OR The Gita according to GANDHI By: Mahadev Desai First Published: August 1946 Printed & Published by: Vivek Jitendrabhai Desai Navajivan Mudranalaya Ahmedabad 380 014 (INDIA) www.mkgandhi.org Page 1 The Gita according to GANDHI Forward The following pages by Mahadev Desai are an ambitious project. It represents his unremitting labours during his prison life in 1933-'34. Every page is evidence of his scholarship and exhaustive study of all he could lay hands upon regarding the Bhagavad Gita, poetically called the Song Celestial by Sir Edwin Arnold. The immediate cause of this labour of love was my translation in Gujarati of the divine book as I understood it. In trying to give a translation of my meaning of the Gita, he found himself writing an original commentary on the Gita. The book might have been published during his lifetime, if I could have made time to go through the manuscript. I read some portions with him, but exigencies of my work had to interrupt the reading. Then followed the imprisonments of August 1942, and his sudden death within six days of our imprisonment. All of his immediate friends decided to give his reverent study of the Gita to the public. He had copies typed for his English friends who were impatient to see the commentary in print. And Pyarelal, who was collaborator with Mahadev Desai for many years, went through the whole manuscript and undertook to perform the difficult task of proof reading. Hence this publication. Frankly, I do not pretend to any scholarship.
    [Show full text]
  • European Buddhist Traditions Laurence Cox, National University
    European Buddhist Traditions Laurence Cox, National University of Ireland Maynooth Abstract: This chapter covers those Buddhist traditions which are largely based in Europe, noting some of the specificities of this history as against the North American with which it is sometimes conflated. While the reception history of Buddhism in Europe stretches back to Alexander, Buddhist organization in Europe begins in the later nineteenth century, with the partial exception of indigenous Buddhisms in the Russian Empire. The chapter discusses Asian- oriented Buddhisms with a strong European base; European neo-traditionalisms founded by charismatic individuals; explicitly new beginnings; and the broader world of “fuzzy religion” with Buddhist components, including New Age, “night-stand Buddhists”, Christian creolizations, secular mindfulness and engaged Buddhism. In general terms European Buddhist traditions reproduce the wider decline of religious institutionalization and boundary formation that shapes much of European religion generally. Keywords: Buddhism, Buddhist modernism, creolization, Europe, immigration, meditation, night-stand Buddhists, Western Buddhism In 1908, the London investigative weekly Truth hosted a debate between two Burmese- ordained European bhikkhus (monks), U Dhammaloka (Laurence Carroll?) and Ananda Metteyya (Allan Bennett). Objecting to newspaper reports presenting the latter, recently arrived in Britain, as the first bhikkhu in Europe, Dhammaloka argued on July 8th that Ananda Metteyya had not been properly ordained, citing the Upasampada-Kammavacana to show that ordinands must state their freedom from various diseases, including asthma (which Bennett suffered from). Ananda Metteyya replied on July 15th with a discussion of the Burmese Kammavacana and the Mahavagga and stated that he had believed himself cured at the time of ordination.
    [Show full text]
  • American Buddhism As a Way of Life
    American Buddhism as a Way of Life Edited by Gary Storhoff and John Whalen-Bridge American Buddhism as a Way of Life SUNY series in Buddhism and American Culture ——————— John Whalen-Bridge and Gary Storhoff, editors American Buddhism as a Way of Life Edited by Gary Storhoff and John Whalen-Bridge Cover art: photo credit © Bernice Williams / iStockphoto.com Published by State University of New York Press, Albany © 2010 State University of New York All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission. No part of this book may be stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means including electronic, electrostatic, magnetic tape, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior permission in writing of the publisher. For information, contact State University of New York Press, Albany, NY www.sunypress.edu Production by Diane Ganeles Marketing by Michael Campochiaro Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data American Buddhism as a way of life / edited by Gary Storhoff and John Whalen-Bridge. p. cm. — (SUNY series in Buddhism and American culture) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4384-3093-5 (hardcover : alk. paper) ISBN 978-1-4384-3094-2 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Buddhism—United States. 2. Buddhism and culture—United States. I. Storhoff, Gary. II. Whalen-Bridge, John. BQ732.A44 2010 294.30973—dc22 2009033231 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Gary Storhoff dedicates his work on this volume to his brother, Steve Storhoff.
    [Show full text]
  • Research Article
    Research Article Journal of Global Buddhism 2 (2001): 139 - 161 Zen in Europe: A Survey of the Territory By Alione Koné Doctoral Candidate Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Science Sociales (Paris) [email protected] © Copyright Notes Digitial copies of this work may be made and distributed provided no charge is made and no alteration is made to the content. Reproduction in any other format with the exception of a single copy for private study requires the written permission of the author. All enquries to [email protected] http://jgb.la.psu.edu Journal of Global Buddhism 139 ISSN 1527-6457 Zen in Europe: A Survey of the Territory By Alioune Koné Doctoral Candidate Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (Paris) [email protected] Zen has been one of the most attractive Buddhist traditions among Westerners in the twentieth century. Chinese, Vietnamese, Korean, and Japanese teachers have created European organizations in the past forty years, and some of their students have started teaching. While their American counterparts are well documented in the growing literature on the making of a Western Buddhism, the European groups are less known.(1) This paper aims at highlighting patterns of changes and adaptations of Zen Buddhism in Europe. It proposes an overview of European Zen organizations and argues that an institutional approach can highlight important aspects of the transplantation of Zen Buddhism into a new culture. A serious shortcoming of such an endeavor was pointed out in a 1993 conference held in Stockholm. A group
    [Show full text]
  • Building Buddhism in England: the Flourishing of a Minority Faith Heritage
    This is a repository copy of Building Buddhism in England: The Flourishing of a Minority Faith Heritage. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/103739/ Version: Accepted Version Article: Starkey, C orcid.org/0000-0002-7807-6617 and Tomalin, E orcid.org/0000-0001-7722-1192 (2016) Building Buddhism in England: The Flourishing of a Minority Faith Heritage. Contemporary Buddhism, 17 (2). pp. 326-356. ISSN 1463-9947 https://doi.org/10.1080/14639947.2016.1228330 © 2016 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Contemporary Buddhism on 26th September 2016, available online: http://www.tandfonline.com/10.1080/14639947.2016.1228330 Reuse Unless indicated otherwise, fulltext items are protected by copyright with all rights reserved. The copyright exception in section 29 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 allows the making of a single copy solely for the purpose of non-commercial research or private study within the limits of fair dealing. The publisher or other rights-holder may allow further reproduction and re-use of this version - refer to the White Rose Research Online record for this item. Where records identify the publisher as the copyright holder, users can verify any specific terms of use on the publisher’s website. Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request.
    [Show full text]
  • Ramana Maharshi
    BOOK EXTRACTS 2 - A Sadhu’s Reminiscences of Ramana Maharshi 13 - Advaita Bodha Deepika (The Lamp of Non-Dual Knowledge) 31 - At the Feet of Bhagavan 38 - Conscious Immortality 43 - Crumbs from His Table 48 - Day by Day with Bhagavan 59 - Five Hymns to Sri Arunachala 64 - Gems from Bhagavan 68 - Glimpses of the Life and Teachings of Sri Ramana Maharshi 72 - Guru Ramana 78 - Guru-Ramana-Vachana-Mala 82 - Hunting the ‘I’ 85 - Jewel Garland of Enquiry 88 - Kaivalya Navaneeta (The Cream of Emancipation) 94 - Letters from and Recollections of Sri Ramanasramam 99 - Letters from Sri Ramanasramam 109 - Maharshi’s Gospel 115 - Moments Remembered 120 - My Life at Sri Ramanasramam 125 - My Recollections of Bhagavan Ramana 128 - My Reminiscences 132 - Ramana-Arunachala 136 - Reflections on Talks with Sri Ramana Maharshi 141 - Reminiscences 145 - Residual Reminiscences of Ramana 148 - Revelation (Sri Ramana Hridayam) 152 - Sat-Darshana Bhashya and Talks with Ramana 158 - Self-Realization 164 - Spiritual Stories from Sri Ramana Maharshi 168 - Sri Ramana Reminiscences 172 - Srimad Bhagavata 182 - Talks with Sri Ramana Maharshi 199 - The Collected Works of Ramana Maharshi 208 - The Garland of Guru’s Sayings ( Guru Vachaka Kovai ) 217 - The Guiding Presence of Sri Ramana 220 - The Song Celestial 225 - The Teachings of Sri Ramana Maharshi in His Own Words 231 - Tripura Rahasya (The Mystery beyond the Trinity) 252 - Yoga Vasishta Sara A SADHU’S REMINISCENCES OF RAMANA MAHARSHI By SADHU ARUNACHALA (A. W. Chadwick) Om Namo Bhagavathe Sri Ramanaya INTRODUCTION Sadhu Arunachala of Sri Ramanasramam, Tiruvannamalai, is a good example of perfect devotion to our Guru, Bhagavan Sri Ramana Maharshi.
    [Show full text]
  • Encyclopedia of Buddhism
    Encyclopedia of Buddhism J: AF Encyclopedia of Buddhism Encyclopedia of Catholicism Encyclopedia of Hinduism Encyclopedia of Islam Encyclopedia of Judaism Encyclopedia of Protestantism Encyclopedia of World Religions nnnnnnnnnnn Encyclopedia of Buddhism J: AF Edward A. Irons J. Gordon Melton, Series Editor Encyclopedia of Buddhism Copyright © 2008 by Edward A. Irons All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the pub- lisher. For information contact: Facts On File, Inc. An imprint of Infobase Publishing 132 West 31st Street New York NY 10001 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Irons, Edward A. Encyclopedia of Buddhism / Edward A. Irons. p. cm. — (Encyclopedia of world religions) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-8160-5459-6 (alk. paper) 1. Buddhism—Encyclopedias. I. Title. BQ128.I76 2007 294.303—dc22 2007004503 Facts On File books are available at special discounts when purchased in bulk quanti- ties for businesses, associations, institutions, or sales promotions. Please call our Spe- cial Sales Department in New York at (212) 967-8800 or (800) 322-8755. You can find Facts On File on the World Wide Web at http://www.factsonfile.com Text design by Erika Arroyo Cover design by Cathy Rincon Maps by Dale Williams Printed in the United States of America VB FOF 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 This book is printed on acid-free paper and contains 30% post-consumer recycled content.
    [Show full text]
  • The Bhagavad Gita: Ancient Poem, Modern Readers
    Narrative Section of a Successful Application The attached document contains the grant narrative and selected portions of a previously funded grant application. It is not intended to serve as a model, but to give you a sense of how a successful application may be crafted. Every successful application is different, and each applicant is urged to prepare a proposal that reflects its unique project and aspirations. Prospective applicants should consult the current Summer Seminars and Institutes guidelines, which reflect the most recent information and instructions, at https://www.neh.gov/program/summer-seminars-and-institutes-higher-education-faculty Applicants are also strongly encouraged to consult with the NEH Division of Education Programs staff well before a grant deadline. Note: The attachment only contains the grant narrative and selected portions, not the entire funded application. In addition, certain portions may have been redacted to protect the privacy interests of an individual and/or to protect confidential commercial and financial information and/or to protect copyrighted materials. Project Title: The Bhagavad Gita: Ancient Poem, Modern Readers Institution: Bard College Project Director: Richard Davis Grant Program: Summer Seminars and Institutes (Seminar for Higher Education Faculty) 400 7th Street, SW, Washington, DC 20024 P 202.606.8500 F 202.606.8394 [email protected] www.neh.gov The Bhagavad Gita: Ancient Poem, Modern Readers Summer Seminar for College and University Teachers Director: Richard H. Davis, Bard College Table of Contents I. Table of Contents ………………………………………………………………………. i II. Narrative Description …………………………………………………………………. 1 A. Intellectual rationale …………………………………………………………... 1 B. Program of study ……………………………………………………………… 7 C. Project faculty and staff ……………………………………………………… 12 D.
    [Show full text]
  • Lance Cousins (1942–2015): an Obituary, Appreciation and Bibliography
    BSRV 32.1 (2015) 1–12 Buddhist Studies Review ISSN (print) 0256-2897 doi: 10.1558/bsrv.v32i1.28964 Buddhist Studies Review ISSN (online) 1747-9681 Lance Cousins (1942–2015): An Obituary, Appreciation and Bibliography PETER HARVEY EMERITUS PROFESSOR OF BUDDHIST STUDIES, UNIVERSITY OF SUNDERLAND [email protected] Lance Cousins in 2012 Lance Cousins, a great scholar of early Buddhism, died in Oxford early on Saturday March 14, 2015, of a heart attack. He was aged 72 and is survived by his ex-wife, two children, and a brother and sister. Many in the field of Buddhist Studies and Buddhist practice are in his debt. Lance was born on April 7, 1942 in Hitchin, Hertfordshire. After Letchworth Grammar and Hales Grammar schools, in 1961 he attended St John’s College, Cambridge, reading History and then Oriental Studies. He studied Sanskrit with Sir Harold Bailey and Middle Indian with K.R. Norman. After his MA he started a doc- torate with K.R.Norman which involved work on an edition of the Saṃyutta Nikāya ṭīkā, which led on to his first publication ‘Dhammapāla and theṭīkā literature’ (1972). 1970 saw both his election to the Council of the Pali Text Society (this lasting till the mid-1980s) and his appointment as Lecturer in Comparative Religion at the University of Manchester. There he taught Buddhism, Jainism, Hinduism, Pali, © Equinox Publishing Ltd. 2015, Office 415, The Workstation, 15 Paternoster Row, Sheffield, S1 2BX 2 Peter Harvey Lance Cousins at the 2012 celebration of 50 years of Boonman Poonyathiro’s samatha teaching in the UK.
    [Show full text]