ProcurementMi Proce nis try of Home Af• India IN THIS EDITIO ss fairs Eleʼs elabora Homela m ted • Evenen n N t d - s • IDSS Heecurity & ������������� A N S P GUIDE PUBLICA TION tsʼ Refer ad q ence ua rte rs - S ʼ ro pe l cia e in l Inser t Dr Manmohan Singh’s 451964-2009 wife Gursharan Kaur SP GUIDE PUBLICATIONS WIDENING breaking the auspicious HORIZONS ... coconut on the hull of the 6,000 tonne submarine, Arihant marking its launch, at Visakhapatnam on July 26 4 2008 Page 2 ������������������� Admiral Nirmal 2009 Verma has taken over as the Chief ��������������� of the Naval Staff ��������������� on August 31, from Admiral Sureesh Mehta who has � � � � � � � ������� demitted the office, August-September 2 0 0 9 V o l 4 N o 4 “I congratulate the ATV Programme and all consequent upon ▸ his retirement. personnel associated with it for achieving a Rs 75.00 (INDIA-BASED BUYER ONLY) WWW.SPSNAVALFORCES.NET historic milestone in the country’s defence 3Page preparedness. Today’s launch is a reflec- 8 tion of the immense technical expertise that exists in our country and the strength of our research and development organisations.” —Prime Minister Dr Manmohan Singh The big news was the launch of India’s first indigenous nuclear pow- ered subma- rine by the S e c u r i t y Prime Minister of India, Dr � �Manmohan � � � � � � � Singh, on July 26. The submarine has been named Arihant, which in Sanskrit means ‘destroyer of enemies’. For the scientists and the Indian Navy it has been a long and challenging journey but in the end they have succeeded and done the nation proud. It is the first ‘baby step’ towards balancing the M a r i t i m e power in the Indian Ocean Region. The other big news is the change of guard at the Naval Headquarters. Admiral Sureesh Mehta, after so ably leading the navy as well as chair- ing the Chiefs of Staff Committee, retired on August 31 and handed over the reins of the navy to Admiral Nirmal Verma. We at SP Guide Publications wish Admiral Verma a very successful tenure. Doctrines have to be periodically revised to remain current. We bring you the lat- est update to the Indian Navy’s Maritime Doctrine. An article on the People’s Liberation Army Navy (PLAN) clearly brings out the future strategic vision of China’s leadership— a blue print for India’s planners as how to successfully implement plans on the ground. Increasingly, terrorists have been using mines and underwater IEDs in ports and waterways against shipping. An article on the subject suggests effective counter measures. Indo-French relations received a boost when Dr Manmohan was invited to the National Day celebrations of France on July 14. Turn the pages to read all about India’s defence cooperation with France. And more. Arrival of .pib.nic.in www Launch of SP’s Special Supplement at the C4I2 Summit held in Delhi on August 10 and 11 (Report on p11) Photographs: ARIHANTLaunch of Arihant is a pronouncement that most of the intricate challenges have been met despite the upheavals and storms of uncertainties of the past three decade. JAYANT BARANWAL R E A R A D M I R A L ( R E T D ) S U S H I L RAMSAY PUBLISHER & EDITOR-IN-CHIEF SP’s NAVAL FORCES 4/2009 1 Smt Gursharan Kaur, wife of Dr Manmohan Singh breaking the auspicious coconut Dr. Manmohan Singh, his wife Smt Gursharan Kaur with AK Antony, Chief Minister of Andhra on the hull of the 6,000 tonne submarine, Arihant marking its launch, at Pradesh, Dr Y. S. Rajashekhar Reddy & other dignitaries at the launching of India’s first Visakhapatnam on July 26 nuclear submarine, Arihant Design and development of was operated to absorb the nuclear sub- Arihant marine operating philosophy among the IN Nuclear submarine- origin personnel. ATV programme was then code he shroud of mystery finally lifted named S2 and received the much needed on July 26, with the emergence boost. The collapse of Soviet Union of a master piece of technology adversely impacted the programme, first out of the Indian soil. India known with denial of extension of lease period of Tto the world as otherwise bereft of high Chakra, thereafter the collapse of umbrella skills in the domain of underwater systems instrument under which to operate several and technologies, had launched Arihant Inter-governmental Agreements to carry .com (Sanskrit for “destroyer of enemies”), the the programme forward. Entire instrument first of the class and out of the stable of had to be re-worked on design collabora- Advanced Technology Vessel (ATV) from tions, technology know-how and consul- orld-nuclear .w Shipbuilding Centre, Visakhapatnam. The tancy over a large spectrum of technical launch was solemnised by Smt. Gursharan matters, acquisition of vital components www Kaur, wife of Dr Manmohan Singh, Prime and equipment. No wonder then, at the Minister of India. This closely guarded launch of Arihant our Prime Minister stated, programme was a brain child of our nation “I would like to express our appreciation Photographs: builders who first envisioned it during the to our Russian friends for their consistent late 1970s. and invaluable cooperation which symbol- A nuclear submarine is actually a submarine powered by a nuclear reactor. The advantages of nuclear submarines over conven- tional submarine are many. In fact a nuclear powered submarine can truly be employed strategically. The advantages are : At the time our visionaries had concep- izes the close strategic partnership that *Nuclear propulsion is completely independent of air thus the submarine does not need to surface frequently for air as is neces- tualized, identified and embarked upon we enjoy with Russia”. It was an acknowl- sary for conventional submarines. certain technology demonstrators, cover- edgement of how the problems of huge *The awesome power generated by a nuclear reactor allows nuclear submarines to operate at high speed for long durations, ing the entire spectrum of grand strategy. magnitude were valiantly encountered by limited only for replenishment of rations etc. Current generations of nuclear submarines never need to be refueled throughout Leading the pack was Integrated Guided our country, despite the snooping and their 25-year lifespan. Conventional submarine can only remain submerged for a few days operating at slow speed, and only Missile Development Programme, under eavesdropping, most of the times to the a few hours at top speed but recent advances in air-independent propulsion have reduced this disadvantage to some extent. The high cost and exclusive technology means that very few nations can join this exclusive club in which India now becomes the helms of none other than our former detriment to the project. The Prime Minister a member with Arihant. President Dr APJ Abdul Kalam. This era also congratulated the Director General Some land marks witnessed formulation of grand strategy ATV and all personnel associated with the *The US launched the first nuclear submarine in 1954 called Nautilus which could circle the world underwater for up to four for the country for the 21st Century. ATV programme on the historic achievement. months without resurfacing. programme formed an integral part of that The programme development and man- *In July 1951, the US Congress authorized construction of the world’s first nuclear-powered submarine, under the leadership of strategy and since then pursued relent- agement model has had unique features Captain Hyman G. Rickover, US Navy who had come up with the idea of nuclear submarines. *Nautilus’ reactor was built by The Westinghouse Corporation and the then President Harry S. Truman broke the traditional lessly. Dr Raja Ramanna, Dr Chidambaram, with due emphasis on building indigenous bottle of champagne on Nautilus’ bow. The submarine was 320 feet long, and cost about $55 million. Dr APJ Abdul Kalam were among several capabilities and a harmonious mix of IN, *The Soviet Union soon followed the US in developing nuclear-powered submarines in the 1950s. After overcoming many ob- prominent stalwarts closely wedded to DRDO, BARC, PSUs, Public and Private stacles, including steam generation problems, radiation leaks and other difficulties, the first nuclear submarine entered service in the programme. A country which is yet Sector partnership. the Soviet Navy in 1958. At the height of the Cold War, approximately five to ten nuclear submarines were being commissioned to prove and launch its own home-grown from each of the four Soviet submarine yards. By the end of 1997, the Soviet Union, and later Russia built a total of 245 nuclear design and technologies of a conventional Layout submarines, more than all other nations combined. submarine to venture out on such an ambi- Arihant is divided into three sections. The *Today, six countries are part of this exclusive club i.e. US, Russia, France, UK, People’s Republic of China, and India. tious and complex programme was indeed forward section contains sonar equipment, Contributed by NC creditable. Launch of Arihant is a pro- torpedo tubes and land attack missile nouncement that most of the intricate chal- launchers, periscopes, hydroplanes and lenges have been met despite the upheav- combat management system. The mid sec- als and storms of uncertainties of the past tion houses a host of electronic equipment, are capable of carrying both conventional out” during which a very large number of three decades. accommodation complex, ballistic missile and nuclear warheads. It has a range of important systems would be integrated, This journey has been arduous, full of complex with storage and fire control sys- 700 km., is 10.4 metres tall and weighs 6.3 now lies ahead.