Final Report
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2012 Baseline Survey of the Justice Sector of Ghana FINAL REPORT SUBMITTED BY LAW AND DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATES House NO. 43/26, Okponglo, East Legon, Near the Ecobank P. O. Box LG. 203 Accra, Ghana Telephone: +233-302-514261or +233-24-4675611 or +233-24-4624130 Fax: 233-302-514261 Email: [email protected] Website: www.ladagh.com TO MINISTRY OF JUSTICE AND ATTORNEY-GENERAL'S DEPARTMENT Ministries Accra AND UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME (UNDP) P. O. Box 1423, Accra, Ghana Close to the National Fire Service HQ Ring Road East Accra December, 2012 CONTENTS LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................................... 4 INDEX OF TABLES AND CHARTS ................................................................................................... 5 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................................................................................................... 7 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................................. 8 1.0 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................. 18 1.1 Purpose of the Baseline Survey ..................................................................................... 18 1.2 Background to the Baseline Survey .............................................................................. 19 1.3 Organization of this Report ........................................................................................... 21 2.0 METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................................. 23 2.1 A Three-Part Methodology ............................................................................................ 23 2.1.1 Validation Meetings and Interactions ....................................................................... 23 2.1.2 Literature Audit .......................................................................................................... 23 2.1.3 Survey Instruments .................................................................................................... 23 2.2 Field Work ...................................................................................................................... 24 2.2.1 Training of Field Researchers .................................................................................... 24 2.2.2 Mapping out the Country ...................................................................................... 24 2.2.3 Sampling Design..................................................................................................... 24 2.2.4 On the Field ............................................................................................................ 26 2.2.5 Field Challenges and Remediation ........................................................................ 26 2.3 Data Coding and Analysis ............................................................................................... 27 3.0 SURVEY FINDINGS ............................................................................................................ 28 3.1 Demographic Characteristics ....................................................................................... 28 Page 1 of 195 3.2 Findings on Public Knowledge on, Experiences with, and Attitudes to the Justice Sector .................................................................................................................................... 30 3.3 Findings on Public Knowledge and Experiences of the Formal Justice system ........ 30 3.3.0 Findings on Public Knowledge and Experiences of the Informal Justice System. 36 3.3.1 Preferred Avenue for Redress of Grievances .......................................................... 40 3.3.2 Findings on Public Attitudes to the Formal Justice System ................................. 41 3.3.3 Findings on Public Attitudes to the Informal Justice System ............................. 42 3.4 Findings on Public Levels of Knowledge on Human Rights ........................................ 43 3.5 Findings on Gender and Access to Justice ................................................................... 45 3.6 Findings on Judicial Independence .............................................................................. 46 3.7 Justice Sector Corruption ............................................................................................. 47 3.8 Reform Proposals from Respondents ......................................................................... 49 3.8.1 Reform Proposals for Improving Access to the Formal Justice System ............ 49 3.8.2 Reform Proposals for Improving Quality of the Formal Justice System ............. 51 3.8.3 Reform Proposals for Improving Access to the Informal Justice System ........... 51 3.8.4 Reform Proposals for Improving the Quality of Justice Delivery in the Informal Justice System ....................................................................................................................... 52 4.0 FINDINGS ON JUSTICE SECTOR INSTITUTIONS .............................................................. 54 4.1 Trend Analysis of Institutional Challenges of Justice Sector Institutions .................. 54 4.2 Matrix of Institutional Challenges of Justice Sector Institutions ............................... 54 5.0 RECOMMENDATIONS AND PLAN OF ACTION ................................................................ 59 5.1 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR JUSTICE SECTOR REFORM .............................................. 59 5.1.1 Justice Sector Reform Must Deal with the Formal and Informal Justice Sector Duality and Legal Pluralism .................................................................................................. 59 5.1.2 Justice Sector Reform Must Deal with Justice Sector Institutions Other than the Courts .................................................................................................................................... 60 5.1.3 Justice Sector Reform Must Include Building Citizenship on Justice Sector Issues 60 5.1.4 Generally Improving the Functioning of the Justice Sector ................................. 61 Page 2 of 195 5.1.5 The Focus of Reform Must Include ADR in Particular ......................................... 62 5.1.6 Institutional Communication, Collaboration, and Coordination ......................... 62 5.1.7 Institutional Development ........................................................................................ 62 5.2 PLAN OF ACTION FOR JUSTICE SECTOR REFORM ...................................................... 62 6.0 CONCLUSION ................................................................................................................... 105 7.0 APPENDICES ..................................................................................................................... 106 7.1 Institutional Matrix ......................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 7.2 Draft Action Plan ............................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. 7.3 GROUP ONE: KNOWLEDGE AND COST ........................................................................ 63 7.4 GROUP TWO: USER FRIENDLINESS AND TIMELINES .................................................. 77 7.5 GROUP THREE: INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITIES .............................................................. 85 7.6 GROUP FOUR: INDEPENDENCE AND INTEGRITY ........................................................ 94 7.7 Literature Audit ............................................................................................................ 108 8.0 Report on Validation Meeting ......................................................................................... 130 Page 3 of 195 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ACL Ascertainment of Customary Law Project ADR Alternative Dispute Resolution CHRAJ Commission on Human Rights and Administrative Justice CLR Council for Law Reporting CSOs Civil Society Organizations DPs Development Partners EOCO Economic and Organised Crime Office JTI Judicial Training Institute LAB Legal Aid Board LAP Land Administration Project LRC Law Reform Commission MMDA Metropolitan, Municipal and District Assembly MoE Ministry of Education MoJ Ministry of Justice and Attorney General’s Department NCCE National Commission on Civic Education NHC National House of Chiefs PASW Predictive Analytical Software UNDP United Nations Development Programme Page 4 of 195 INDEX OF TABLES AND CHARTS Tables Table A: Age and Gender Profile of Respondents ..................................................................... 28 Charts Figure A: Educational Background of Respondents .................................................................. 29 Figure B: Occupation of Respondents ........................................................................................ 29 Figure C: Regional Breakdown of Public Knowledge and Experience of the Formal Justice System ........................................................................................................................................... 31 Figure D: Public Understanding of the Processes and Proceedings in the Formal Justice System ........................................................................................................................................... 32 Figure E: Levels of Interaction with Formal Justice Institutions