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MILITARY CONSCRIPTION in DEIR-EZ-ZOR SITUATION REPORT 1 March 2021

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MILITARY CONSCRIPTION in DEIR-EZ-ZOR SITUATION REPORT 1 March 2021 MILITARY CONSCRIPTION IN DEIR-EZ-ZOR SITUATION REPORT 1 March 2021 Contents Key points 1 Current situation 3 Analysis and forecasting 5 Humanitarian impact 6 Cover Photo: Teachers protest in Deir-ez-Zor, Source: North Press Agency, February 2021 MERCY CORPS HUMANITARIAN ACCESS MILITARY CONSCRIPTION IN DEIR-EZ-ZOR 1 KEY POINTS The last three months have witnessed increasing tension between the local population and the Self-Administration in Deir-ez-Zor governorate, after the latter launched compulsory military recruitment campaigns, labelled as ‘Self-Defense’ recruitment campaigns. These targeted administrative and humanitarian civil servants who were born between 1990 and 2000. The Self-Defense committee's campaign focused on staff of educational complexes, municipalities, local councils, and administrative directorates throughout Deir-ez- Zor governorate. Local sources indicate that the Self-Administration aims to recruit up to 25% of its employees in its military ranks. The decision was faced with heavy resistance by the local population, as civilians including teachers and students organized widespread protests and strikes, calling on schools to close in rejection of the decision. The Self-Defense Law, also known as the Compulsory Military Service Law, has been in place since 2014, but several internal and external factors have contributed to postponing its implementation in Deir-ez-Zor governorate until recently. Suspending compulsory military conscription was, and still is, one of the demands of Arab tribal leaders in Deir-ez-Zor. The conscription of teachers could have a negative impact on the education sector in Deir-ez-Zor given it already suffers from understaffing. Increased conscription arrests are likely to impact humanitarian actors on the ground, particularly locals employed in humanitarian organizations who could be at risk of arrest. MERCY CORPS HUMANITARIAN ACCESS MILITARY CONSCRIPTION IN DEIR-EZ-ZOR 1 CURRENT SITUATION throughout Deir-ez-Zor governorate: In December, the Self-Defense committee requested that teachers from Hajin (Hajin The last three months have witnessed increasing subdistrict) and Basira (Basira subdistrict) be tension between the local population and the required to sign up, with threats of dismissal Self-Administration in Deir-ez-Zor governorate. should they refuse.1,2 The situation then The latter’s military branch, the Syrian escalated when SDF forces raided the Hajin Democratic Forces (SDF), launched compulsory education complex and arrested an unknown military recruitment campaigns, labelled as ‘Self- number of teachers.3 On 19 February, the Syrian Defense’ recruitment campaigns, targeting Network for Human Rights (SNHR) reported a administrative and civil servants born between total of 61 teachers arrested since the beginning 1990 and 2000. of 2021. Also, a further 550 teachers who On 14 November, the Self-Administration issued refused conscription were fired from positions in a decision calling on civil administration Deir-ez-Zor, Ar-Raqqa, and Al-Hasakeh employees to report for compulsory Self- governorates.4,5 The SNHR report also details Defense military service with the SDF. This was that the arrests were done without an arrest compounded on 26 January, when the executive warrant, no clear charges were made, and those board of the Self-Administration issued Circular conducting the arrests did not identify No.2 giving a 30-day window for those residing themselves or specify which division they in Self-Administration areas and 90 days for belonged to. those living elsewhere, to report to the Self- In further examples of the implementation of the Defense offices for registration. campaign, local media outlets reported that the The Self-Defense committee's campaign focused Self-Defense committee required each on educational complexes, municipalities, local municipality and local council across the councils, and administrative directorates governorate to send a minimum of three December الحماية الذاتية” تب لّغ المجمعات التربوية في دير الزور بأسماء عشرات المدرسين المطلوبين للتجنيد اﻹلزامي في صفوفها“ Syrian Observatory for Human Rights 1 2020 2 Naher Media via Facebook. 20 December 2020 January 2021 .قسد تﻻحق المعلمين الرافضين للتجنيد في دير الزور Syria TV 3 February 2021 انتهاكات مستمرة.. تقرير: “قسد” اعتقلت 61 مد رّساّ منذ بداية العام الجاري Jesr Press 4 5 Some of those arrested also included teachers accused of teaching the Syrian government curriculum, however the number is unclear. MERCY CORPS HUMANITARIAN ACCESS MILITARY CONSCRIPTION IN DEIR-EZ-ZOR 3 employees to join the military. Other reports to reach Shihail (Shihail subdistrict), Thiban, have indicated that the Self-Defense committee Tayyana and Abu Hardoub (Thiban subdistrict). required the employees from the Directorate of On 3 January 2021, clashes took place in the Agriculture in Deir-ez-Zor to submit their town of Zghir Jazira as SDF members tried to military records of compulsory service within a disperse the crowds by firing bullets in the air, week, to demonstrate conscription history, or resulting in the injury of three protesters and they would be dismissed.6,7 The SDF and the prompting further demonstrations. General Security-affiliated Military Police On 18 January, teachers in Hajin held a protest deployed checkpoints in the towns of Hajin, Sosa and issued a statement titled ‘Teachers not (Susat subdistrict), and Thiban, Sweidan Jaziram, Recruits’, through which they rejected and Darnaj (Thiban subdistrict), arresting 50 compulsory recruitment and blamed the young men wanted for military conscription.8 Education Authority of the Deir-ez-Zor Civil Council and the prominent Sheikhs in the Hajin In response, mass civilian protests erupted region for not protecting them from 9,10 across the Deir-ez-Zor governorate, calling for conscription. Teachers also published a plea, which was filmed and circulated online, calling on the Self-Administration to put a stop to all schools to shut until the SDF retracted the compulsory military recruitment campaigns. On decision, leading to the closure of a number of 21–24 December, protests were held in the schools. On 7 January, schools in eastern Deir- towns of Sosa, Bubadran, Al Bagouz, Marashdeh, ez-Zor in the towns of Gharanij, Al-Bahra, Al Arqoub and Alsafafnah (Susat subdistrict), Hawayej, Thiban, and Abu Hamam then went on strike in protest against the recruitment of Basira, Hawayej, Sweidan Jazira and Eastern teachers.11,12 Jarda (Thiban subdistrict), all in the eastern countryside of Deir-ez-Zor to be later extended 6 Reports indicate that the Self-Defense committee of the Deir-ez-Zor Civil Council wanted-list contained the names of 107 teachers in the Basira subdistrict and 150 names of teachers in the Hajin subdistrict. 7 On 10 January, local media reported on another SDF raid on an education complex in Hajin (Hajin subdistrict), demanding that all teachers submit the names of other teachers who reject compulsory recruitment. 8 Local sources indicate that on 27 December, SDF checkpoints arrested 40 young men in the town of Shiheil (Shiheil subdistrict) wanted for military service. On 4 January unspecified numbers of men wanted for conscription were arrested in the town of Izba (Izba subdistrict). On 19 and 20 January, the SDF and the General Security-affiliated Military Police deployed checkpoints in the towns of Hajin (Hajin subdistrict), Sosa (Susat subdistrict), and Thiban, Sweidan Jaziram and Darnaj (Thiban subdistrict), and reportedly arrested 50 young men wanted for military conscription. 9Baladi News, Teachers not conscripts; A campaign to reject compulsory recruitment in the Qasd area of Deir ezZor January 2021 December 2020 دير الزور.. معلمون يحتجون على سوقهم للتجنيد بصفوف "قسد" |صور Syria TV 10 January 2021 "دير الزور.. إضراب بعدة مدارس احتجاجا على تجنيد المعلمين في "قسد Syria TV 11 January 2021 .مدارس "غرانيج" في دير الزور تغلق أبوابها احتجاجا على قرار "قسد" تجنيد المعلمين Baladi News 12 MERCY CORPS HUMANITARIAN ACCESS MILITARY CONSCRIPTION IN DEIR-EZ-ZOR 4 In an effort to ease the tension, leaders within join, on a voluntary basis. Those with chronic the Self-Administration’s military and political illnesses or disabilities are exempt, as are family wings met with civil administrators and teachers members of soldiers killed in action. Service may from Hajin, Al Bagouz, and Sosa to discuss also be postponed if an individual is the sole reasons behind their refusal to join the breadwinner for the family, or if there is already compulsory military service. Local sources a family member in active service.14 reported that the teachers demanded their Although the law has been in effect in all areas of exemption from service, while others demanded the Self-Administration, several internal and improved conditions of the service itself, external factors have contributed to postponing including an increase in the monthly salary and its implementation in Deir-ez-Zor governorate. to be able to serve in the area in which they live. Internal factors revolve around the long- Other sources reported that teachers have standing tensions between the Arab tribes and expressed concern about the increased attacks the Kurdish-majority Self-Administration.15 against the SDF by ISIS, and the potential for Suspending compulsory military conscription being targeted. was, and still is, one of the demands of Arab tribal ANALYSIS AND leaders in Deir-ez-Zor. This came in the closing statement of the tribal conference in Ain Issa in FORECASTING May 2019 and most recently
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