Mary Lou Pyle Myers and Virginia Pyle Erhardt INTERVIEWER: Pamela Rector DATE: May 4, 2006

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Mary Lou Pyle Myers and Virginia Pyle Erhardt INTERVIEWER: Pamela Rector DATE: May 4, 2006 TEMPE HISTORICAL MUSEUM ORAL HISTORY PROJECT INTERVIEW #: OH-248 NARRATORS: Mary Lou Pyle Myers and Virginia Pyle Erhardt INTERVIEWER: Pamela Rector DATE: May 4, 2006 MLM = Mary Lou Pyle Myers VE = Virginia Pyle Erhardt INT = Interviewer _______ = Unintelligible (Italics) = Transcriber’s notes Tape 1, Side A INT: Today is Thursday, May 4, 2006. My name is Pamela Rector. I’m an historian, working with the Tempe Historical Museum, conducting oral history interviews with persons instrumental in a variety of ways to the development of the growth of the city of Tempe. Today I have the privilege of interviewing the daughters and only children of former Arizona Governor John Howard Pyle and his wife Lucile. They are Mary Lou Pyle Myers and Virginia Pyle Erhardt. We are conducting the interview at Virginia’s home in Tempe, Arizona. I’ve broken down the questions into some categories, and the first ones I’d like are specific to the home you grew up in on Ash Avenue. First, Mary Lou, when and where were you born? MLM: I say I was born in Tempe; actually, I suppose, I was born in the hospital in Phoenix, it would have been St. Joseph’s Hospital, in 1937, April 6. INT: And you, Virginia? VE: Same place, St. Joseph’s Hospital in Phoenix, June 6, 1941. INT: As you both know, your family home at 1120 South Ash Avenue is in the process of being added to the City of Tempe’s Historic Property Register. And, Mary Lou, you were born in 1938 . MLM: 1937. OH-248 INT: Oh, I’m sorry, 1937—I have ’38 in my records, and I didn’t change that, excuse me— which is the year we show your parents had built their home on Ash. MLM: No, that’s incorrect. INT: And when was that? MLM: Well, I don’t know the exact year, but I think I was two years old; in 1939, probably. INT: 1939? All right. And that’s something we wanted to correct, because we weren’t quite sure, in the record, when it was built and when they moved, etc. So 1939 is the year it was built, and you were born in 1937. (to Virginia) And you were born in 1940, correct? VE: 1941. INT: 1941, okay. I’m off by a year. So it was completed after your birth, Mary Lou. Now, when your mom was interviewed, she said that she and your father owned the home for 27 years. Now, if I’m doing my math correctly, that would be 1966 when they sold, is that correct? MLM: That’s close. VE: I would say so. INT: Okay. And Mary Lou, what is your first memory of living in that house? MLM: Oh, my goodness. That’s really hard to say. We had horses in the back, and I suppose just being in the back yard and around the horses. My dad and mother had a little bulldog named Snooks, and I remember it was housed in a kennel in the back, and that may be some of the first recollection that I have of being there. INT: Do you know how old you might have been when you had that dog? MLM: I’m sure that they probably had it when they moved there, so two, I guess. And I don’t even remember how long . (to Virginia) I don’t know that that dog was there when you were around at all. VE: I don’t remember the dog at all. MLM: But it was a little bull terrier, Boston terrier. INT: And Virginia, your first memories? 2 OH-248 VE: Mainly the same thing. We had lots of animals and whatnot in the back yard. And I don’t really have recollections so much of things that happened inside the house, because we spent an awful lot of time, as little kids, playing outside in the yard. And without any TV to watch, you know, people either sat and listened to the radio or you went outside and played. So we did have a wonderful front yard as well, but the back yard was full of activity, as we had all kinds of chickens and the horses and rabbits and turkeys and whatever, ducks. So, yes, it was a very nice neighborhood to grow up in, because there were lots of things going on. INT: What fun, all those animals; I like that. Now, do you remember, Mary Lou, Ash Avenue being completely built up as a child? In other words, were all the lots built on? MLM: Most of them were, but there was one vacant lot across the street from us, on a corner, that we used to play ball on and play catch over that way, and we always cut through that way to go to school. But for the most part, the rest of the houses that were right within our vicinity were built. I don’t remember when they were built; obviously, after or about the same time our house was built. VE: I think our house was one of the newer ones, though, actually. MLM: Could have been. VE: But we did have that big lot on the corner of 11th and Ash there, on the southeast corner, that was vacant until I was in elementary school, or maybe junior high, when they finally built on that. MLM: And the one thing I noted that you said that it was 1120 South Ash; we never referred to it as South Ash, it was only 1120 Ash Avenue. So if you really want to be authentic, you might want to take the South out. INT: Okay. MLM: We would like that. VE: I don’t know if there’s a North Ash Avenue. INT: Well, and I’m sure that when the city was smaller, you didn’t need to refer to South or North. It’s like, I remember when we referred to “the freeway,” and there was only one freeway in town, really, I-17. And so it probably goes back to that time. VE: There may be a North Ash, but it would be in the middle of all of that commercial stuff on the other side of the river. INT: Well, for historical accuracy at that time, it is noted on the tape, so thank you for that, we appreciate it. 3 OH-248 Now, could you tell us, Virginia, about some of your neighbors, who they were? VE: My first recollection of a neighbor next door were Mr. and Mrs. Fireman, Bert Fireman, who was with the Arizona Historical Society, I think, but he wrote a column for the newspaper in Phoenix. And he and his wife lived next door, to the south of us, and they had two daughters who were a little bit younger than us, but certainly we played with them, they were about our age. And then we had Mrs. Mills, who lived just south of them. I mean, I could tell you everybody that lived in every house. (laughter) But I don’t think you’re particularly wanting that. INT: No, that’s fine. VE: Mrs. Mills babysat for us a lot when we were young, because she was not a married woman; I don’t know if her husband was dead or if she was divorced. But she had one daughter who was grown, so she was alone there most of the time, and she did watch us when our parents had to be gone, so we were very friendly with her. South of her was Mrs. Ward, for whom Ward School is named. And across the street, we had Mr. Bullock, who was a professor at ASU, who played the piano, and you could hear him playing all over the whole neighborhood, because there was no air conditioning in those days, so people left their doors and windows open, and when he played, you could definitely hear him all over. INT: Well, I assume he played well? VE: Oh, yes, he definitely did. INT: So that was good. VE: And we had the Plummers, he was a doctor, who lived next to them. And the Colsons, directly across the street. So we had lots of good neighbors. Everybody was very friendly on the street. INT: Now, as far as girlfriends or friends that you played with? VE: Well, the Bullocks, who lived across the street, and the Plummers, each had a daughter who was about my age, so they were friends of mine. The Zieglers, Alma and Kenneth Ziegler, had two children, and they lived a little further south, a few houses, and they had a daughter who was just younger than Mary Lou, just older than me, who was a friend of ours, and a son who was the same age as myself. Then Mary Lou’s friends lived a little further down the street. INT: And who were those friends, Mary Lou? 4 OH-248 MLM: Verlene Bosworth was one. And Patsy Waggoner was another, and Waggoner Elementary School in the Kyrene district was named after her father, C. I. Waggoner, who had been superintendent of the Kyrene Schools. And we were close friends all the way from first grade to when we graduated from high school. In fact, our birthdays were, Patsy’s was the 2nd of April, mine was the 6th, and Verlene’s was the 7th, and for all those years of elementary school at least, we all shared, we had our birthday parties together. Those were my best friends, at that particular point in time.
Recommended publications
  • Read John Rhodes' Oral History Transcript
    John Rhodes_Transcript.docx Page 1 of 31 CAP Oral History Interview with John Rhodes February 11, 1999 (C: being interviewer Crystal Thompson) C: I was just describing your background a little bit. Were you born and raised in Arizona? John: Sorry. C: Were you born and raised here? John: No, incidentally, my ears are reasonably good for 82 years old, but they’re 82 years old. C: Okay, I’ll speak up. John: As my children keep saying, dad you should get a hearing aid. I said no I don’t need a hearing aid; I just need for people like you to articulate better and face me when you speak. I was born and raised in Council Grove, Kansas. My parents were. My father was a retail lumberman and he was born in Kansas also. My mother was born...he was born in a little called Colony and mother was born in Emporia which was a fairly good size town. C: My grandmother was born in Emporia. John: No kidding. C: My mother was raised in Lacygne. John Rhodes_Transcript.docx Page 2 of 31 John: Oh yes, L-A-C-Y-G-N-E there aren’t too many who can spell Lacygne. My mother’s family was Welsh. In fact my maternal grandparents were both Welsh immigrants. It’s coming from about the same part Wales and when Betty and I were in that part of the world once upon a time, we rented a car and drove to the town where my grandmother had lived. I was pretty close to her.
    [Show full text]
  • A R I Z O N a G O V E R N O R S
    A • r-" r · 'I LA' I ·~· ,1 J:..) A R I Z O N A G O V E R N O R S H"ro:rn 1864 Department of AdM:.nistration Librarv, Archives and Public Pecords Tl evi s ed 197h A.r'1.zonc. .·Lb~. .u-,_ ¥ ~_, ~--... L I) b rj C __ fie,.:o rd S' ARIZONA GOVERNORS Name and Term or Office Partv Birth~lace Birth Date Death Date Place of Death TERRITORY John Addison Gurley Rep. E. Hartford, Conn. 12-9-1813 8-19-1863 Cincinnati, Ohio Appointed but did not live to serve as Governor. John Noble Goodwin r Union South Berwick, Me. 10-18-1824 4-29-1887 Paraiso Springs, Cal. Mar. 3, 1864 - Apr. 10, 1866 Richard Cunningham McCormick Rep. New York, N.Y. s-23-18J2 6-2-1901 Jamaica, L.I., N.Y. Apr. 10, 1~66 - Mar. 1869 Anson Peacelv lillen Safford Rep. Hvde Park, Vt. 2-14-1830 12-15-1891 Tarpon Springs, Fla. Apr. 7, 1869 - Apr. 5, 1877 ,John Philo Hoyt Rep. Austinburg, Ohio 10-6-1841 8-27-1926 Seattle, Washington Apr. 5, 1877 - June 11, 1878 John Charles ~remont Rep. Savannah, Ga. 1-13-1813 7-13-1889 New York, N.Y. June 12, 1878 - Nov. 1, 1881 (resi~ed) John J. Gosper, Sec. of Territory Reo. ~~ox r,ounty, Ohio ., -1840 5-lu-1913 Los Angeles, Cal • Nov. 1, 1881 - Mar. 8, 1882 - Acting Gov. Frederick Au~stus Tritle Fep. Chambersburg, Pa. 8-7-1833 11-18-1906 Phoenix, ,A.riz. Mar.
    [Show full text]
  • AVAILABLE from Arizona State Capitol Museum. Teacher
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 429 853 SO 029 147 TITLE Arizona State Capitol Museum. Teacher Resource Guide. Revised Edition. INSTITUTION Arizona State Dept. of Library, Archives and Public Records, Phoenix. PUB DATE 1996-00-00 NOTE 71p. AVAILABLE FROM Arizona State Department of Library, Archives, and Public Records--Museum Division, 1700 W. Washington, Phoenix, AZ 85007. PUB TYPE Guides Non-Classroom (055) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC03 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Elementary Secondary Education; Field Trips; Instructional Materials; Learning Activities; *Local History; *Museums; Social Studies; *State History IDENTIFIERS *Arizona (Phoenix); State Capitals ABSTRACT Information about Arizona's history, government, and state capitol is organized into two sections. The first section presents atimeline of Arizona history from the prehistoric era to 1992. Brief descriptions of the state's entrance into the Union and the city of Phoenix as theselection for the State Capitol are discussed. Details are given about the actualsite of the State Capitol and the building itself. The second section analyzes the government of Arizona by giving an explanation of the executive branch, a list of Arizona state governors, and descriptions of the functions of its legislative and judicial branches of government. Both sections include illustrations or maps and reproducible student quizzes with answer sheets. Student activity worksheets and a bibliography are provided. Although designed to accompany student field trips to the Arizona State Capitol Museum, the resource guide and activities
    [Show full text]
  • Biography Files-AHS-Tempe-MS
    TITLE: Arizona Historical Society Biography Collection DATE RANGE: Territorial Arizona – present CALL NUMBER: PP MS 300 PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: 32linear feet (63 document boxes) PROVENANCE: Multiple donors COPYRIGHT: Copyright varies RESTRICTIONS: This collection is unrestricted. CREDIT LINE: Biography Collection, PP MS 300, Arizona Historical Society – Papago Park PROCESSED BY: Michelle Bickert, August 2012; updated 2017 HISTORICAL NOTE: The Biography Collection is an active, artificial collection that had not previously existed at the Arizona Historical Society (AHS). The donations came from multiple sources. The Biography Files donated to AHS by the Arizona Historical Foundation (AHF) comprise the core of this collection. Files from the AHS vertical files and Small Manuscripts collection were integrated during the process of removing duplicates, combining files, and evaluating the physical condition of these materials. The earliest files in the collection were intended to capture information about Arizona pioneers. AHF used a four-page Pioneer Biography form which contains sections on parents, siblings, spouses, children, education, work history, religious affiliation, and military service. In addition the form documented when and how the individual arrived in Arizona and memorable experiences while living in Arizona. The forms were filled out by the individual, usually with assistance from a family member or student. Over a quarter of the files include the forms and are marked in the list below. NOTE TO POTENTIAL DONORS: We are actively seeking donations to this collection, especially materials documenting 20th and 21st Century immigrant communities. For readers who may have materials to add to this collection, please contact the Library and Archives, Arizona Historical Society-Papago Park at 480-929-0292 extension 174.
    [Show full text]
  • Understanding the Arizona Constitution
    Understanding the Arizona Constitution Second Edition 2012 Supplement Prepared by Toni McClory and Thomas McClory The University of Arizona Press © 2013 Arizona Board of Regents All rights reserved www.uapress.arizona.edu/BOOKS/bid2254.htm Last updated: 04-01-2013 2012 Supplement: Understanding the Arizona Constitution, 2d ed. 2 1 The Arizona Constitution [Page 4 and 211, n. 4] Update citation in note 4: District of Columbia v. Heller, 128 S. Ct. 27883 (2008), 554 U.S. 570 (2008) [Page 5 and 212, n. 8] Add new sentence at the end of the note 8: “The Grand Canyon State” became the state’s official nickname in 2011, see Arizona Revised Statutes, sec. 41- 860.01. At the same time, the Colt Single Action Army Revolver was declared the “official state firearm” over protests from Native Americans and others, sec. 41-860.02. Arizona’s Constitution weighs in at more than 45,000 46,000 words—roughly six times the length of the U.S. Constitution—and it has been amended 144 151 times as of this writing. [Page 9, Figure 1.3 State constitutional amendments by decade] Updates for 2010 and 2012 2012 4 8 2010 4 8 passed proposed 2 Origins of the Arizona Constitution Page 23, line 10] Add the following new note where indicated: i.e. making English proficiency a qualification for holding office,new note … new note: The constitution’s English proficiency requirement was invoked in 2012 when the Arizona Supreme Court approved the removal of a city council candidate from the ballot on this basis.
    [Show full text]
  • Read Leah Glaser's Thesis
    THE STORY OF GUADALUPE, ARIZONA: THE SURVIVAL AND PRESERVATION OF A YAQUI COMMUNITY by Leah S. Glaser A Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY December 1996 ABSTRACT Guadalupe’s formation and persistence in the Phoenix area is a long overlooked topic of local history. Despite heavy residential, commercial, and industrial development, the once remote farm labor community has remained impervious to urban expansion. Residents have managed to preserve a degree of cultural and geographic separatism while participating in the economic and political structure of Phoenix’s dominant Anglo society. When late nineteenth century land reform policies of Mexican dictator Porfirio Diaz forced Yaquis from their homeland in Sonora, Mexico and threatened to kill them, Yaqui Indians fled to Arizona. Anglos there were sympathetic to their plight as refugees and Yaquis were able to find a niche in the Salt River Valley’s agricultural economy. Catholic and Presbyterian missionaries also supported the community and helped secure land for a legal townsite. But as immigrants and squatters, the political status of both Yaquis and Guadalupe was legally ambiguous. Meanwhile, many corporations set up labor camps, or “company towns,” the Salt River Valley Water Users’ Association established an exclusively Yaqui village that provided stability for the community’s sustenance and persistence. These factors combined with self identity, determination, and community consciousness to place the Yaqui community in a promising position for sustenance and longevity. By the 1960s, Guadalupe was no longer just a Yaqui community, but a Mexican-American as well. Whether by choice or by proximity, they joined Mexican-Americans in their fight for political voice and economic improvements.
    [Show full text]
  • Staff Report to Historic Preservation Commission
    Staff Report to the Historic Preservation Commission (HPC) Prepared By: Pam Rector, Tempe Preservation Volunteer Through: Joe Nucci, Historic Preservation Officer (HPO) HPC Neighborhood Meeting Date: February 9, 2006 Governor Pyle House Historic Property Designation DSD Project Review #: HPO-2006.15 Ordinance #: ORD NO. 2006.18 HISTORIC PRESERVATION Background / Status COMMISSION An application for designation of the above-referenced property as a Bob Gasser, Chair Tempe Historic Property and listing in the Tempe Historic Property Rich Pagoria, Vice-Chair Register was submitted by the property owner Ronald A. Davidoff Mike Deskin through his representative Emilio LoCascio, Gemini Development Elias Esquer Ann Patterson Corporation. The application has been reviewed by the Historic Stu Siefer Preservation Office and all requirements for notification, posting and Liz Wilson advertisement, as set forth in Chapter 14A “Historic Preservation” of the Alternate Member Tempe City Code, have been met and a public hearing scheduled. Greg Bunce Present zoning of the property for proposed designation is R-3R: Multi- Family Residential Restricted. The area is identified as a Cultural ♦ ♦ ♦ Resource Area in General Plan 2030. On January 13, 2006, the HISTORIC PRESERVATION developer filed DSD case number SPR04202 for preliminary site plan OFFICER review for the project known as the “Ash Street Condo Townhomes” to Joe Nucci build seven residential condominiums and preserve the historic 1938 Governor Pyle House located at 1120 South Ash Avenue. ♦ The City
    [Show full text]
  • 2002-III-07 Research Director
    behavior research center’s Rocky Mountain Poll NEWS RELEASE Contact: Earl de Berge RMP 2002-III-07 Research Director FIFE BEATS EV FOR LAST PLACE IN THE HEARTS OF ARIZONANS. BARRY, WES, CARL AND MO ARIZONA’S MOST REVERED PAST POLITICIANS Phoenix, Arizona, August 13, 2002. As Arizonans prepare to decide on their leaders for the future, we asked them to assess 17 prominent leaders from the state’s past, ranging from Barry Goldwater to J. Howard Pyle. Only two have left the public with a bitter taste in their mouths; governors Fife Symington (R 1991-1997) who resigned from office after being convicted of fraud, and Evan Mecham (R 1986-1987) who was impeached. It is perhaps ironic that Symington, who helped force fellow Republican Mecham out of office, is today held in even lower regard than is Mecham. His significantly lower ratings may trace to the public views that while Mecham was a bumbler and out-of-touch with the times, Symington was arrogant, untruthful and engaged in corporate practices that harmed investors, an issue very much on the minds of voters today. As of the time of this survey, six of ten say their view of Symington is unfavorable. At the other end of the scale and held in very high esteem, are Barry M. Goldwater (R - U.S. Senate from 1952 to 1964 and from 1968 to 1987), and Morris K. Udall (D - Congressman from 1961 to 1991). Both men sought the presidency and were respected for their political philosophies, legislative skills and for their wit and honesty.
    [Show full text]
  • General Operators for PDF, Common to All Language Levels
    GOVERNORS Governors: Elections, Campaign Costs, Profiles, Forced Exits and Powers By Thad Beyle The year 2003 will be etched in the future news reports and analyses as a year of major change occurring to governors. The most startling event was the recall of Gov. Gray Davis of California. The California gubernatorial recall and replacement votes highlight the fact that some elected governors faced situations in which they could lose their office without being beaten by a challenger at the ballot box, becoming ill or dying. One other unique aspect about the current governors is that there are eight women serving as governor in 2004 – the highest number of women serving at one time in the office. As we move through the first decade of the 21st century, we continue to find new faces in governors’ offices. The governors continue to be in the forefront of (47.4 percent). Eleven months later, he was faced activity as we move into 21st century. With Republi- with a recall election, and although he received nearly can governors across the states serving as his major 537,000 more votes supporting his right to continue supporters and guides, Texas Gov. George W. Bush as governor than he received in his 2002 reelection sought and won the presidency in the 2000 election. bid, those wanting him recalled cast nearly 5 million He became the fourth of the last five presidents who votes.3 Davis became the second governor ever re- had served as governor just prior to seeking and win- moved from office through a recall initiative.
    [Show full text]
  • SCHAUS, RICHARD FAMILY Richard and Mother 86
    RICHARD SCHAUS COLLECTION – FM MSS 6 Processed and Compiled by Dorothy M. Webb, 1983 Provenance: Donated to the Arizona Historical Society in 2012 by the Arizona Historical Foundation. Richard George Schaus was born in Green Bay, Wisconsin, on January 11, 1910. He died in Phoenix, Arizona, April 14, 1981.His first introduction to the West was with a Glider training program in Deming, New Mexico. He became a Staff Sergeant in the Air Force, Burma Theater, World War II. A year’s course in photography at Columbia University followed the war. Schaus then came to Phoenix and opened a photo shop with a man named Bob Allen. Abbie Keith, Editor of the Arizona Cattlelog monthly magazine of the Arizona Cattle Growers Association, hired Schaus to take pictures for the magazine. In a short time, he was writing stories to go with the pictures and working full time for the Association. His earliest articles, during 1950 and 1951, were about living cowboys (“Cowboy Corner”) and Quarter Horses, special features in each issue of the magazine. Soon, Schaus was photographing and writing about ranch people and ranches throughout the state of Arizona. During the l950’s, he also had several articles published in Arizona Highways, the subjects being cattle and related topics. The back cover of each Arizona Cattlelog carried a Valley National Bank ad with a biography of an Arizona ranchman or woman. Roscoe Wilson wrote the biographies for many years. In 1957, Schaus took over that job. In December1962 Schaus became Editor of the Arizona Cattlelog and remained so until he retired in June, 1975.
    [Show full text]
  • Hon. Morris K. "Mo" Udall
    H. Doc. 102-149 ADDRESSES AND SPECIAL ORDERS HELD IN THE U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES AND THE SENATE PRESENTED IN HONOR OF Hon. Morris K. "Mo" Udall A Representative from Arizona ONE HUNDRED SECOND CONGRESS H. Doc. 102-149 Addresses and Special Orders HELD IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES AND THE SENATE PRESENTED IN HONOR OF The Honorable Morris K. "Mo" Udall A Representative from Arizona ONE HUNDRED SECOND CONGRESS FIRST SESSION U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1993 For sale by the U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328 page iii BIOGRAPHY MORRIS KING "MO" UDALL, of Tucson, AZ, was born in St. Johns, AZ, on June 15, 1922. He is the grandson of David King Udall, a noted Mormon pioneer, the son of Arizona Supreme Court Chief Justice Levi S. Udall and Louise Lee Udall, and brother of former Congressman and Secretary of the Interior, Stewart Lee Udall. He attended the public schools of St. Johns, AZ. He was awarded a J.D. degree from the University of Arizona in 1949 (president student body, 1947, cocaptain of basketball team). He entered the U.S. Army as a private in 1942, and was discharged as a captain in the U.S. Air Force in 1946, having served with the Twentieth Air Force in the Pacific Theater. He played professional basketball with the Denver Nuggets in the 1948-49 season. In 1980 his portrait was hung in the Basketball Hall of Fame, honoring his year of professional basketball. He began the practice of law in Tucson, AZ, and served as the county attorney for Pima County, AZ from 1952 to 1954.
    [Show full text]
  • Arizona-History.Pdf
    ARIZONA CHRONOLOGY The Period Before Written History Circa 10,000 B.C. Prehistoric Paleo inhabitants of Arizona. Circa 2,000 B.C. Cochise Culture develops in what is now southern Arizona. The Cochise people grow vegetable crops including corn. Circa 300 B.C. Hohokam settle in southern Arizona. 1,000 B.C.-1,000 A.D. Hohokam and Anasazi people build irrigation canals, agricultural villages, roads and complex ceremonial centers. 500 A.D. Sinagua are farming near San Francisco Peaks. 700-1100 A.D. Anasazi culture develops into its Pueblo Period in which they use adobe bricks, stone slabs, or mud and sticks in home building. Kivas (underground ceremonial chambers) and cotton fabrics are also developed. 1064 A.D. Sunset Crater erupts. 1276-1299 A.D. Great drought in Arizona. Circa 1300 A.D. Casa Grande is built near the Gila River. Circa 1400 A.D. Cultural decline of pre-historic groups. Spanish Period, 1528-1821 1528-1536 Eight-year odyssey of Cabeza de Vaca and his companions, shipwrecked off the coast of present-day Texas, stirs interest in exploration of the region. 1539 Fray Marcos de Niza searches for the city of Cibola. His description of the possibility of the greatest Spanish discovery yet, encourages more exploration. 1540-1542 Coronado claims for Spain the vast lands that are today the American Southwest. His party, either together or in small groups, made the first systematic European exploration of the Southwest. Members of his party were the first Europeans to view the Grand Canyon. 1629 Franciscans, first Europeans to live in Arizona, establish missions in the north around the Hopi.
    [Show full text]