Architectural Survey for the Capon Bridge Replacement Project Hampshire County, West Virginia

Home , Cacapon River, Northwestern Turnpike

ARCHITECTURAL SURVEY FOR THE CAPON BRIDGE REPLACEMENT PROJECT HAMPSHIRE COUNTY, WEST VIRGINIA

Prepared for:

West Virginia Department of Transportation Division of Highways

State Project S314-50-31.02 00

Federal Project STP-0050(318) D

Prepared by: TRC ENVIRONMENTAL CORP. 4425 Forbes Boulevard Lanham, Maryland 20706

Authored by:

Stephanie A.T. Jacobe, Ph.D.

July 2016

Architectural Survey for the Capon Bridge Replacement Project, Hampshire County, West Virginia

MANAGEMENT SUMMARY

On behalf of the West Virginia Division of Highways (WVDOH), TRC Environmental Corporation (TRC) conducted an architectural survey for the proposed Capon Bridge Replacement Project in Hampshire County, West Virginia (State Project S314-50-31.02 00; Federal Project STP- 050(318)D). The proposed project is a replacement of the existing bridge carrying U.S. Route 50 over the Cacapon River in the Town of Capon Bridge, Hampshire County, West Virginia. The new bridge will replace the existing bridge at the same location. The proposed impact area of construction activity associated with the bridge replacement project includes a potential temporary traffic bypass north of the existing bridge which is one of three potential alternatives.

The area of potential effects (APE) is defined as the geographic area within which an undertaking may directly or indirectly cause alterations in the character or use of National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) -eligible properties. The purpose of the architectural survey was to survey architectural resources 50 years of age or older within the APE and evaluate them for eligibility to the NRHP.

Background research demonstrated that there are three previously recorded architectural resources within the project area. These include the Capon Bridge (HM-0802) that has been determined individually eligible for the NRHP under Criterion C, the Gertrude Ward House (HM-0026) that is considered eligible by WVSHPO, and the Capon Bridge Historic District (HM-0012) which was recorded in 1978 but no list of contributing resources nor a potential historic district boundary was completed at that time.

Research and fieldwork was conducted to evaluate all resources within the project APE. The survey identified a total of 12 resources including three previously surveyed resources and nine newly surveyed resources. A WVDOH Criterion A Checklist for the Capon Bridge was prepared (Appendix A). HPI forms were also prepared for all surveyed resources (Appendix B).

It is recommended that the Capon Bridge (HM-0802) and the Gertrude Ward House (HM-0026) both retain sufficient integrity to maintain eligibility to the NRHP. After further evaluation of the potential Capon Bridge Historic District (HM-0012), it was found that there is not sufficient integrity, linkage or continuity of features to sustain a historic district. Finally, the newly surveyed Store and Post Office at 3121 Northern Turnpike (HM-1413), the Capon Bridge Museum (HM- 1418) and Frye’s Tavern (HM-1420) are recommended eligible for the NRHP.

As part of public involvement for the Capon Bridge Replacement Project, WVDOH contacted Preservation Alliance of West Virginia, the Hampshire County Historical Society, and the Hampshire County Historic Landmarks Commission to solicit questions and comments about the project on June 28, 2016. Charlie Baker of the Hampshire County Landmarks Commission replied to the letter stating the Landmarks Commission does not have jurisdiction in the municipalities and requested that DOH contact the Town of Capon Bridge. A letter was sent to the Town of Capon Bridge on July 11, 2016. Copies of all the letters appear in Appendix C of this report.

Architectural Survey for the Capon Bridge Replacement Project, Hampshire County, West Virginia

TABLE OF CONTENTS

MANAGEMENT SUMMARY...... i

LIST OF FIGURES ...... iii

LIST OF TABLES ...... iii

1. INTRODUCTION ...... 1

2. CULTURAL OVERVIEW AND REVIEW OF PREVIOUS RESEARCH ...... 3 Historic Context ...... 3 1671-1763 ...... 3 1764-1789 ...... 5 1789-1860 ...... 5 1861-1865 ...... 6 1865-1930 ...... 7 Post 1930 ...... 8 Previously Surveyed Resources within Capon Bridge ...... 10

3. SURVEY METHODOLOGY ...... 11 Methodology ...... 11

4. SURVEY RESULTS ...... 12 Previously Surveyed Resources ...... 12 Capon Bridge (HM-0802) ...... 12 Capon Bridge Historic District (HM-0012) ...... 12 Gertrude Ward House (HM-0026) ...... 15 Newly Surveyed Resources ...... 16 Warehouse, 49 Capon River Road (HM-1412) ...... 16 Store and Post Office, 3121 Northwestern Pike (HM-1413) ...... 17 Commercial Building, 3116 Northwestern Pike (HM-1414) ...... 18 Capon Bridge United Methodist Church, 3236 Northwestern Pike (HM-1415)...... 19 Commercial Building, 24 Rickie Davy Lane (HM-1416) ...... 19 Capon Bridge Community and Senior Center, 3223 Northwestern Pike (HM-1417) ... 20 Capon Bridge Museum, 2987 Northwestern Pike (HM-1418) ...... 21 House, 3009-3015 Northwestern Pike (HM-1419) ...... 22 Frye’s Tavern, 2996-3008 Northwestern Pike (HM-1420) ...... 23

5. SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 25 Summary ...... 25 Recommendations ...... 25

6. REFERENCES CITED ...... 27

APPENDIX A: WVDOH CRITERION A AND HISTORIC DISTRICT ELIGIBILITY CHECKLIST ...... 30

APPENDIX B: WEST VIRGINIA HISTORIC PROPERTY INVENTORY FORMS ...... 31

APPENDIX C: PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT LETTERS ...... 32

Architectural Survey for the Capon Bridge Replacement Project, Hampshire County, West Virginia

LIST OF FIGURES 1-1. Detail of the 1937 USGS Capon Bridge Quadrangle with the approximate location of the project area...... 2 4-1. Map showing all Surveyed Resources in the APE ...... 13 4-2. Capon Bridge built in 1933 carries the U.S. Route 50 over the Cacapon River...... 14 4-3. View looking west along U.S. Route 50 toward the Capon Bridge ...... 14 4-4. The Gertrude Ward House from Dillon Run looking southwest ...... 15 4-5. Warehouse at 49 Capon River Road, the former Capon Bridge Christian Church looking southeast ...... 17 4-6. Store and Post Office along U.S. Route 50 façade looking south...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 4-7. Commercial building now used for small engine repair looking northeast. Error! Bookmark not defined. 4-8. Capon Bridge United Methodist Church looking northeast...... 19 4-9. Façade of the Commercial Building looking south...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 4-10. Capon Bridge Community and Senior Center, the former Capon Bridge Presbyterian Church looking south...... 21 4-11. The Capon Bridge Museum looking south...... 22 4-12. Dwelling at 3009-3015 Northwestern Pike looking south...... 23 4-13. Frye’s Tavern looking north ...... 24

LIST OF TABLES

2-1. Previously Surveyed Resources within the APE ...... 10 5-1. NRHP Recommendations for All Surveyed Resources ...... 26

iii

Architectural Survey for the Capon Bridge Replacement Project, Hampshire County, West Virginia

1. INTRODUCTION

The West Virginia Division of Highways (WVDOH) has proposed replacing the existing Capon Bridge (HM-0802), a 1933 Pratt Through Truss bridge that carries U.S. Route 50, the Northwestern Turnpike, over the Cacapon River in Hampshire County, West Virginia, due to its age and structural deficiencies (Figure 1-1). The new bridge will replace the existing bridge at the same location along U.S Route 50. The proposed impact area of construction activity associated with the bridge replacement project includes a temporary traffic bypass north of the existing bridge and encompasses Alternatives 1, 2, and 3.

The survey was conducted in accordance with the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards and Guidelines for Archaeology and Historic Preservation as well as relevant West Virginia State guidelines. Prior to field investigations, background research was conducted by Stephanie A.T. Jacobe. This research included review of historical maps, documents, previous cultural resource reports, and HPI forms. The online WV SHPO GIS viewer was examined by Dr. Jacobe on June 10, 2016. The field survey was conducted by Stephanie A.T. Jacobe on June 15-16, 2016. Maryanne Ballantyne provided GIS support.

This report is organized as follows. Chapter 2 provides the historic context and reviews the previously identified resources. Chapter 3 describes the field methods used for the survey and Chapter 4 presents the survey results. Conclusions and recommendations are provided in Chapter 5. Appendix A contains the Criterion A Checklist for Capon Bridge. Appendix B includes the completed HPI forms for all resources. Appendix C contains the public involvement letter sent out by WV DOH for the project.

Architectural Survey for the Capon Bridge Replacement Project, Hampshire County, West Virginia

Figure 1-1. Detail of the 1937 USGS Capon Bridge Quadrangle with the approximate location of the project area.

Architectural Survey for the Capon Bridge Replacement Project, Hampshire County, West Virginia

2. CULTURAL OVERVIEW AND REVIEW OF PREVIOUS RESEARCH

This chapter presents an overview of the history of the project region. Following the historic context, information on the previously identified resources in the town of Capon Bridge is provided.

HISTORIC CONTEXT

1671-1763

The first Englishmen to explore what is today West Virginia were Thomas Batts and Robert Fallam. It has long been accepted that the two men and their Native American guides from the Appomattox tribe made it to the vicinity of Peter’s Falls near Bluefield, WV in 1671. More recently Historian Alan Vance Briceland provided a fresh analysis of Fallam’s travel log. He convincingly argued that Fallam and Batts made it to the town of Matewan on the Tug Fork near the present day border between West Virginia and Kentucky (Briceland 1987:124-146).

The explorations Batts and Fallam and others like John Lederer, Edward Bland, and Abraham Wood in late seventeenth century tell us that there were not many Native American groups living in what is now West Virginia in the 100 years after contact. Chronicles of traders and records of the period tell us that most tribes had moved farther south. Interestingly, this was not to put distance between themselves and the English in Tidewater Virginia, but instead to flee the Iroquois. Information from the natives that were encountered by Virginia traders in the third quarter of the seventeenth century stated that it was not unusual for an Iroquois war party to travel hundreds of miles in search of prey. The peoples who had settled in Southwestern Virginia and the Carolina piedmont had put a significant distance between themselves and the Iroquois in order to avoid being attacked (Rice 1985:11-17).

From the perspective of the ruling elite of the Virginia colony, what is now northeastern West Virginia was an extension of the Northern Neck. The Northern Neck, located between the Rappahannock and Potomac rivers, has a very different history from the rest of Virginia. In 1649 the exiled King Charles II granted rights to this region to seven royalist noblemen, including John Culpeper. Because of the turmoil during the English Civil War and disorder in America, they were not able to do very much with this grant. After the restoration of Charles II in 1660, these proprietors sought a charter to the land grant, which they received in 1669. By 1681 all the rights of the proprietary grant had come into the hands of Thomas, Lord Culpeper. His rights were confirmed by patent in 1688. After Lord Culpeper’s death in 1689 his rights went to his daughter, Catherine, wife of Thomas, fifth Lord Fairfax. By 1719 all the shares of the Northern Neck Proprietary, which encompassed over five million acres, were in the hands of Thomas, sixth Lord Fairfax. In 1733 Lord Fairfax began a legal battle with the colonial government in Virginia over land grants within the Proprietary lands. The Privy Council ordered a survey of the Fairfax tract in 1733, and two teams of surveyors, one working for Virginia’s Governor Gooch and the other for Fairfax, conducted this survey in 1736. Based on this survey, a map was drawn of the Proprietary land showing it as extending to the headwaters of the north branch of the Potomac. The Privy Council delineated the boundary in favor of Fairfax in 1745, which necessitated another survey of the headwaters of the Potomac the following year. Lord Fairfax affirmed all the grants made by the colonial government within the Proprietary. The lands of the Proprietary fixed at that date included parts of what would become Berkeley, Morgan, Hardy, Hampshire, Mineral, Grant, and Tucker counties, West Virginia (Rice 1985:11-17; Weisiger 2002). In 1746 Lord Fairfax set what

Architectural Survey for the Capon Bridge Replacement Project, Hampshire County, West Virginia

has come to be known as the Fairfax Stone in the newly formed Augusta County, Virginia, today located north of Thomas, WV. It would become the dividing line between Virginia and Maryland and the major survey mark for the frontier (Dilger 2008).

Though settlement in the Upper Potomac Valley was able to proceed smoothly, that was not true of lands farther west and closer to the Ohio at the same period. Both the Iroquois Nations to the north and more importantly the French to the north and west attempted to claim the Alleghany mountain regions. Virginia claimed that the Iroquois had ceded their rights to the area in the 1744 Treaty of Lancaster. After ratification of the treaty, Virginia opened the land to settlement, allowing 1000 acres for each family that settled the area within four years of the grant. Several land companies sprouted up to distribute land and find settlers. However these settlers were prey to Indian attacks throughout the 1740s and 1750s (Rice 1985:18-25).

Frederick County, Virginia was founded in 1743 with its county seat at Winchester. Augusta County, the boundaries of which originally stretched all the way to Ohio, was formed from Orange County in 1745. Hampshire County was formed from Frederick and parts of Augusta Country just a few years later in 1753 (Rice 1985:18-25; Ward 2003:9-90). In 1762, the town of Romney was established as the seat of Hampshire County. Earlier known as Fort Pearsall or Pearsall’s Flats, Romney had over 200 inhabitants by 1750.

Events on the western frontier sparked the conflict between Britain and France known in the colonies as the French and Indian War. Things went badly for the English army and colonists from the start of hostilities through 1757. After Major General Braddock’s disastrous failure to take Fort Duquesne in May, 1755, the western settlements lay exposed to French and Indian raids. Hundreds of people were either killed or captured by the Indians and hundreds more fled the region to escape further attacks. By the late 1750s much of Hampshire County had been abandoned by settlers. The entire outer limit of English settlement shifted east by hundreds of miles. There was also a refugee problem as families that had abandoned their frontier homes could be found in Piedmont towns living in tents or in their wagons. Winchester in particular became overrun with refugees as well as soldiers as the British and colonial authorities responded to the attacks (Ward 2003:9-90).

Virginians constructed a series of forts and blockhouses along the frontier to protect settlers and the supply routes for the larger forts, like Fort Loudoun or Fort Cumberland. Settlers also fortified their plantations and constructed blockhouses of their own. By 1757 there were 86 private fortified residences or blockhouses along the Virginia frontier as well as a number of forts maintained by the colonial government and staffed by Provincial troops. The Van Meter home, Fort Pleasant, in Frederick County, served as one of these private fortified residences. Fort Edwards north of Capon Bridge was another. Other forts constructed in the vicinity of Hampshire County included Fort Buttermilk, Fort Hopewell, Michael Harness’s fort, Lynch’s Fort, and John Kuykendall’s fort, Enoch’s fort, Fort Warden, Fort Riddle, Fort Capon, Stephen’s fort, Fort Maidstone, Hanging Rock stockade, and Fort Pearsall (Ansel 1984). The locations of most of these forts are ambiguously defined and have not been archaeologically verified.

The war finally turned in Britain’s favor under Prime Minister William Pitt. Fort Duquesne fell in 1758 and was renamed Fort Pitt in his honor (Rice 1985: 18-25; Ward 2003: 36-58). By 1760, settlers had begun to move back beyond the Blue Ridge. In 1763, the Board of Trade in London issued the Proclamation of 1763, establishing a barrier between colonial frontier settlement and native villages. The proclamation stated that there would be no English settlement west of the Allegheny Mountains. It immediately angered not only settlers along the frontier who lived beyond the line but also Governor Francis Fauquier, members of the Privy Council, and the Virginia House of Burgesses, many of whom owned a great deal of land along the frontier. Through negotiations

Architectural Survey for the Capon Bridge Replacement Project, Hampshire County, West Virginia

with the Iroquois and Cherokee, Virginia was able to obtain rights to all land north and south of the mouth of the Kanawha River by 1770, negating the effects of the proclamation (Rice 1985:26-36; Ward 2003: 186-218).

1764-1789

After the cessation of violence large numbers of settlers flooded the frontier. By 1770 thousands of people occupied the Potomac, Kanawha, Greenbrier and Monongahela River Valleys.

There was an entire western theater to the American Revolution. The Native Americans did not join the British in attacking the frontier until after 1776. The Continental Army set up a new line of fortifications to protect settlers from attack. During the French and Indian War the line of forts had stretched south from Winchester, covering the piedmont and the edges of the Allegheny Mountains. The line of forts constructed during the American Revolution stretched along the South Branch of the Potomac in the Tygart Valley and the Monongahela and Kanawha River Valleys. Though most of the hostilities ceased in the eastern theater with the American victory at Yorktown, fighting in the west did not end until the end of 1782 (Rice 1985:37-46).

The road networks in and out of the frontier were long established by the later part of the 18th Century in Hampshire County. Maps from the early 19th century illustrate two routes west that passed near to Capon Bridge and made their way toward Romney. The first route passed north of the current town of Capon Bridge to North River Mills. It took a slightly different path through Timber Ridge and crossed the Cacapon River through the center of Joseph Edwards property where Fort Edwards was also located. Edwards owned a 400-acre tract that was platted on both the east and west sides of the Cacapon River. When Edwards died in 1782 his 400 acres was divided into two 200-acre tracts with the norther section eventually being owned by Elias Poston. It was through this northern track that the main Wagon Road passed. By 1788, Poston had established a ferry at the crossing of the Wagon Road and the Cacapon River. There was talk at the same time of Virginia funding a Northwestern Turnpike so Poston was purportedly trying to capitalize on the potential for the new road (Kerns 1985; Kerns 1988).

A second crossing of the Cacapon River to the south also existed that was about 1,800 feet south of the current alignment at Capon Bridge. When Joseph Edwards Estate was divided the southern 200 acre tract came to his grandson Samuel Edwards. Edwards divided his tract into two pieces. The western section was purchased by Samuel Gard (or Guard). The eastern portion was purchased by Poston’s brother-in-law John Cheshire (Kerns 1985).

1789-1860

With the dawn of the Federal Republic, Virginia’s western frontier was largely settled. Native Americans had moved even farther west and no longer threatened the Appalachians. More settled patterns of life and more industry emerged out of the formally frontier counties. Population in the east and particularly in port cities greatly increased during the nineteenth century. The western areas provided much of the raw materials for the emerging manufacturing businesses and food and other goods for the population. To increase the ease of trade in these areas, turnpike roads were built throughout western Virginia. Winchester became both a population center and the major northwestern trading post within the state. Numerous roads converged on the town.

The Northwestern Turnpike was chartered in 1827 and connected Winchester and Parkersburg running through the towns of Capon Bridge, Romney, Rowlesburg, Grafton, Pruntytown, Bridgeport, Clarksburg, Salem, West Union, Pennsboro, and Murphytown (Rice 1985:84-89;

Architectural Survey for the Capon Bridge Replacement Project, Hampshire County, West Virginia

Martin 1835:87-98). Survey for the roads had begun in 1823 by the chief engineer for the Virginia Board of Public Works, Claudius Crozet.

Crozet surveyed the areas west of Winchester to Romney in 1823 noting both the northern and southern routes around the Cacapon River. Crozet’s design for the road created a crossing in between the northern and southern routes at what is today Capon Bridge. Crozet’s successor Charles B. Shaw designed the new covered bridge positioned on a central pylon that was the first bridge at Capon Bridge in 1834. Though later photographs of the bridge as built, show a Burr Arch Truss covered bridge, which does not match Shaw’s design. The first Capon Bridge and the Northwestern Turnpike were completed by 1838. The southern route and river crossing noted by Crozet continued to be used throughout the nineteenth century by the local inhabitants who were avoiding the tolls of the Northwestern Turnpike. The lower crossing had a mill and race adjacent to it in addition to a second bridge across the Cacapon River (Kerns 1988; Kerns 1985).

It is important to note that in the first half of the nineteenth century, the economy in western Virginia was not based on slavery and large scale agriculture as the economy was in the east. Though agriculture and particularly the raising of livestock were very important to the South Branch and Cacapon River valleys, slavery was nowhere near as prevalent as it was in the Tidewater.

The Northwestern Turnpike was designed to facilitate trade so it did not entirely supersede the earlier roads. The turnpike's main commodity was actually livestock. For example in the third quarter of 1838 toll keepers recorded tolls for the passage of 11,248 sheep and hogs; 4,787 cattle; 4,261 animals drawing carts; 2,473 men on horseback; 483 led or drove horses; 176 four-wheel riding carriages; and 25 two-wheel carriages. What is clear from these statistics is that most of the traffic on the turnpike in this three-month period was livestock. The covered bridge designed by Shaw for Capon Bridge was designed to keep the animals in as they were driven to Winchester and then either on to the Port at Alexandria. Trade was also facilitated north to first the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal at Cumberland or later the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad which also passed through Keyer (Kerns 1988).

1861-1865

Contentions over slavery and more particularly the election of 1860 caused a serious rift in the United States. South Carolina was the first state to secede from the Union after the election of Abraham Lincoln. The state seceded in December of 1860. By the time Virginia went to convention to decide if they would secede or not, seven states had left the union and Lincoln had called for troops to defend Fort Sumter. The Virginia Convention decided to secede on April 17th 1861 but also held a referendum on May 23, 1861. Elected officials that stood against secession held their own convention at Wheeling before the public referendum but met again beginning on June 11, 1861. This second Wheeling Convention created the Restored Government of Virginia, which served as the public administrative authority for all the Union controlled sections of the Virginia throughout the Civil War and until the end of First Reconstruction in 1868 (Rice 1985:111- 123; Lesser 2004:51-58).

Fighting officially broke out even before the Second Wheeling Convention met. Union and newly formed Confederate troops were swarming into the western sections of Virginia just after secession was declared. Both sides were attempting gain a military hold on that section of the state. There were fifteen major battles documented in Western Virginia over the course of the war, though eight of these took place prior to the First Battle of Manassas on July 21, 1861 (West Virginia Civil War Battles 2009; Shepherdstown Battlefield Preservation Association 2009). Other skirmishes and

Architectural Survey for the Capon Bridge Replacement Project, Hampshire County, West Virginia

raids took place in places where Union and Confederate soldiers found each other. One such raid happened in October of the 1862 at Capon Bridge. A group of McNeil’s Rangers, a West Virginia- based Confederate unit was encamped at Capon Bridge and was attached by Union Troops. Their encampment was destroyed.

The people of western Virginia would also have been affected by the troops from both sides traveling through their territory. Many towns in western Virginia, including Winchester and Romney, changed hands on multiple occasions as one army retreated and another advanced. President Lincoln approved the admission of West Virginia into the Union as the thirty-fifth state on January 1, 1863 (Rice 1985:140-153). The admission of West Virginia to the Union did not abolish the Reorganized Government of Virginia. It remained a functioning element of civil authority working for the citizens of Union controlled Virginia. When Wheeling became the capital of West Virginia in 1863, the Reorganized Government moved its headquarters to Alexandria. In May of 1865 President Andrew Johnson ordered Governor Pierpont to move his government to the still-smoldering city of Richmond, where it remained in place until 1868.

1865-1930

Because West Virginia was admitted as a state in 1863 it was spared the process of Federal Reconstruction. But it was not spared the challenges faced by all the Border States of integrating former Confederates back into local society. As early as February of 1865 the West Virginia Legislature began passing laws that required loyalty oaths for voting and holding of public office. Those measures did not end Republican concerns as well-known ex-Confederates were elected to a variety of public offices after 1865. After their first set of measures failed the Republicans enacted new measures, including appointing a set of state appointed commissioners that were responsible for certifying the oaths. Many of these commissions went too far, disqualifying more than 50 percent of the voters in many counties (Rice 1985:154-164).

It is unclear whether the 1834 bridge over the Cacapon River was destroyed or replaced. It is has been assumed that the bridge was like many, a casualty of the Civil War. But sometime after the Civil War the original Burr Arch Truss was replaced with a two-span pony truss that served the Northwestern Turnpike until the twentieth century. The Northwestern Turnpike did suffer during the Civil War and was little maintained by the State of West Virginia once it took responsibility for the internal improvements within its boundaries (N.A. n.d)

Started as a resort just before the Civil War in 1849, Capon Springs became a nationally known springs and resort in the second half of the nineteenth century. William Sale purchased the original hotel and soon owned over one thousand acres in the area. The springs itself and bathhouse were owned by the State of West Virginia. Thousands of people visited the resort every year and it employed over 100 local people. Sale died in 1900 and ownership of the resort passed to his son- in-law Charles Nelson. Nelson purchased the state owned Bath house and springs in 1905. In 1911 the original Mountain House hotel burned and Nelson began selling off the land (Horton 1996).

Though no railroad was built to parallel the Northwestern Turnpike at Capon Bridge others were built within the area. The South Branch Railroad connected Romney to the town of Green Spring, where the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad stopped. The South Branch Railroad was completed in 1884. Later in the twentieth century the Hampshire Southern Railroad connected south to Petersburg via Moorefield.

By the 1880s immigration had become a business. Coal companies as well as other businesses across the country employed agents to assist in driving immigrants to their respective areas. These

Architectural Survey for the Capon Bridge Replacement Project, Hampshire County, West Virginia

agents were paid commissions for immigrants and workers they secured for the companies employing them. Agents did not just work in port cities like Baltimore and New York but also traveled throughout the South attempting to recruit African-Americans to work in the mines of West Virginia. In the first quarter of the twentieth century the African-American population of southern West Virginia increased by over 200 percent due to recruitment for the coal mines (Bailey 2002:243-258; Trotter 2002:137-159).

Coal mining in West Virginia began in the antebellum era but it was not until the late nineteenth century that the industry expanded. In 1863 less than half a million tons of coal was mined throughout West Virginia. Only thirty years later in 1893 that number had increased to over ten million tons. By 1910 it was over sixty-one million tons. This extensive mining took place in a number of counties. The increase in mining not only contributed to the rising number of immigrants to West Virginia, but also was a factor in the expansion of industrialization. America’s industrial revolution was in large part fueled by West Virginia coal mines (Callahan 1913:352-358).

Coal was not the only natural resource that was exploited by the industrial revolution in West Virginia. Timber was also very important. When settlers had come to West Virginia in the early eighteenth century nearly the entire state was covered in forest. Many of these virgin forests persisted in the state until 1880. Between that time and 1910 nearly all the forest in West Virginia was cut down, as the saw mills of West Virginia increased their production from two hundred million feet of board in 1880 to almost one and a half billion feet of finished board by 1910 (Callahan 1913:322-328).

The Winchester and Western Railroad was built from Gore, Virginia to Capon Springs, which is located south of Capon Bridge, and to Winchester in 1919. It was completed to Wardensville by 1921. It was built in cooperation with the Winchester Lumber Company to move lumber from land in Hardy, Hampshire, and Frederick counties to Winchester’s saw mills and provide railroad ties for the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad.

Post 1930

The Great Depression was extremely hard on the people of West Virginia. Miners were trapped in company towns where the mines either ceased operation or only operated one to two days per week. Thousands were also driven out of work and, consequently, lost their place to live. People began traveling all over the state to find any type of work just to support their families. The American Red Cross and other relief organizations were actively operating in the state during the beginning of the depression to help families survive (Rice 1985:266-277).

Because of the severity of the Depression in West Virginia, the state was chosen by Eleanor Roosevelt to be the site of the first housing provided by the Subsistence Housing Program that was part of the Federal Emergency Relief Administration. The Subsistence Housing Program provided housing for out-of-work coal miners and their families who in the early 1930s were living in horrid conditions. The first settlement, Arthurdale in Preston County, began construction in 1933. Two other sites were also created: Eleanor in Putnam County which was constructed after 1934 and the Tygart Valley Homesteads in Randolph County, which also began construction in 1933. Congress eliminated funding for the program in 1939. In 1946 the program was transferred from the Farm Security Administration to the Farmers Home Corporation and given less than two years to sell all the homes that had been constructed. Many residents purchased their homes at that time (Chambers 2004:269-270, 403-409, 486-487).

Architectural Survey for the Capon Bridge Replacement Project, Hampshire County, West Virginia

The people of West Virginia had been helped by the New Deal programs implemented under Franklin Roosevelt. The 1950s represented a time of economic prosperity for much of America, but that was not the case with West Virginia or much of Appalachia. Mechanization had finally come to the mining industry, greatly increasing productive man hours but also decreasing the necessity of a large labor pool. In the years following World War II, talented young West Virginians began an exodus from the state in search of secure employment and economic opportunities lacking in their native state. That exodus has continued into the present day (Rice 1985:278-287).

Larger cities did see an increase in population as many people moved to the cities to find work instead of leaving the state altogether. Office workers serving the growth of state governments as well as other managerial, technological, and service industries were created in West Virginia like they were throughout the rest of the county though in much smaller numbers. Commuting suburbs were created around Charleston, Fairmont, Buccannon, Charles Town and other large to medium towns. These area are filled with modern ranch and minimal traditional houses.

Today one can travel to West Virginia along a series of modern highways and via airports, built as late as the 1990s. Though coal mining remains, tourism and other service-based industries have also become important to the state’s economy with a series of resorts and retail centers that have been developed. There are still large sections of the state where there are not enough jobs and the flight of young people looking for opportunity remains an issue more than fifty years later.

Architectural Survey for the Capon Bridge Replacement Project, Hampshire County, West Virginia

PREVIOUSLY SURVEYED RESOURCES WITHIN THE APE

Background research was conducted to investigate previously recorded resources in the vicinity of the project area and included a review of information available online through the WV SHPO GIS system. Background research demonstrated three previously recorded resources within the APE. These include the Capon Bridge (HM-0802), that has been determined individually eligible for the NRHP under Criterion C. The Gertrude Ward House (HM-0026) is considered eligible by WVSHPO. Finally, the Capon Bridge Historic District (HM-00012) was recorded in 1978 as part of the survey for Corridor H. No list of contributing resources nor a potential historic district boundary was completed at that time. Photographs included with the HPI form show buildings that are located nearly 2-miles along U. S. Route 50. Table 2-1 provides a brief overview of the three previously surveyed resources.

Table 2-1. Previously Surveyed Resources within the APE.

HPI Number Name Address Date NRHP Status HM-0802 Capon Bridge Northwestern Pike 1933 Eligible HM-0026 Gertrude Ward House 40 Capon River Road ca. 1850 Considered eligible Capon Bridge Historic Additional HM-0012 District U.S. Route 50 Capon 1785-1950 Information needed Sources: HPI Forms, WVSHPO 2015b, and West Virginia and National Register Files.

Architectural Survey for the Capon Bridge Replacement Project, Hampshire County, West Virginia

3. SURVEY METHODOLOGY

METHODOLOGY

The purpose of the architectural survey was to identify all architectural resources 50 years of age or older within the APE and evaluate them for eligibility to the NRHP. The APE is defined as the geographic area within which an undertaking may directly or indirectly cause alterations in the character or use of NRHP-eligible properties.

Background research included a review of online materials such as historic maps and secondary sources, as well as on-site research conducted at the Hampshire County Public Library in Romney.

All resources within the APE were photographed and their locations keyed to project mapping. Each resources was recorded through field notes and local informants, when available, provided further information about individual resources and their history.

The Town of Capon Bridge was also assessed as a potential historic district. In NR Bulletin 15 a historic district is described as possessing, “a significant concentration, linkage, or continuity of sites, buildings, structures, or objects united historically or aesthetically by plan or physical development.” When the historic district was initially identified in 1978 as part of the Corridor H surveys (HM-0012), no lists of contributing and non-contributing resources was prepared. The HPI form also did not include a potential historic district boundary. As part of the survey TRC evaluated the current state of the Town of Capon Bridge and the potential for a Historic District based on the guidance provided by NR Bulletins 15 and 21.

Architectural Survey for the Capon Bridge Replacement Project, Hampshire County, West Virginia

4. SURVEY RESULTS

The architectural survey for the Capon Bridge Replacement Project identified 12 total resources, including three previously surveyed resources and nine new resources. The results of the survey are presented below. All resources are shown on Figure 4-1.

PREVIOUSLY SURVEYED RESOURCES

Capon Bridge (HM-0802)

The Capon Bridge carries U.S. Route 50 Bridge over the Cacapon River. It is the fourth bridge on the site (Figure 4-2). The Pratt Through Truss Bridge was built in 1933 by E.R. Mills of Charleston, WV. Capon Bridge had its main members replaced in kind in 1978. The newer repairs are bolted instead of riveted.

The first bridge was designed by Charles B. Shaw, engineer for the Northwestern Turnpike in 1834. Photos of the original 1834 bridge show a Burr Arch Truss-type covered bridge. It does not match Shaw’s original design but it was likely altered when built. It is unclear what happened to Shaw’s bridge though it is assumed it was destroyed during the Civil War. It was replaced by a second bridge, an iron pony truss with two simple spans. This second bridge remained until at least 1913 when it was last photographed. A third bridge, a Pratt Through Truss with two simple spans, which appears to have been raised, was in place by 1925. (N.A. n.d) The current bridge, also a Pratt Through Truss completed by E.R. Mills but with only one simple span, was completed in 1933. Mills also built the Buffalo Creek Arch Bridge in Marion County and the St Albans-Nitro Bridge in Kanawha County neither of which is still extant.

The Capon Bridge was determined eligible for inclusion in the National Register under Criterion C by WV SHPO in 2013. It is not associated with significant events or persons within the broad patterns of history on the local, state, or national level and is not eligible for the National Register under Criterion A or B. Eligibility under Criterion D was not investigated as part of this study.

Capon Bridge Historic District (HM-0012)

The Capon Bridge Historic District was recorded in 1978 but no list of contributing resources nor a potential historic district boundary was recorded (Figure 4-3). Photographs included with the HPI form show buildings that are located nearly 2-miles along U. S. Route 50 with significant open space in between. Since first being recorded in 1978 the town of Capon Bridge has seen significant changes. There have been numerous demolitions and a number of new building have been built along U.S. Route 50 including several modern commercial buildings. Small pockets of resources remain but all are surrounded by modern construction and, therefore, the area now lacks linkage and continuity of features needed to be considered a historic district.

It is recommended that the Town of Capon Bridge is not eligible for the National Register as a Historic District. It is not associated with significant events or persons within the broad patterns of history on the local, state, or national level and is not eligible for the National Register under Criterion A or B. The extant buildings lack linkage and continuity of features necessary for a historic district and is not eligible for the National Register under Criterion C. Eligibility under Criterion D was not investigated as part of this study.

Architectural Survey for the Capon Bridge Replacement Project, Hampshire County, West Virginia

Figure 4-1.Map showing all Surveyed Resources in the APE

Architectural Survey for the Capon Bridge Replacement Project, Hampshire County, West Virginia

Figure 4-2. Capon Bridge built in 1933 carries the U.S. Route 50 over the Cacapon River.

Figure 4-3. View looking west along U.S. Route 50 toward the Capon Bridge.

Architectural Survey for the Capon Bridge Replacement Project, Hampshire County, West Virginia

Gertrude Ward House (HM-0026)

The Gertrude Ward House is located just off U.S. Route 50 on the west side of the Capon Bridge. The property is fronted on Dillon Run (Figure 4-4). The two-story, three-bay, wood-frame Italianate dwelling is set on a coursed ashlar foundation. The hipped roof is covered in standing seam metal, has overhanging, bracketed eaves, and an ornamented cornice. Two interior brick chimneys are visible with a low, square, central cupola. The single-leaf wood door is centered in the façade and is surrounded by sidelights and topped by a six-light transom with ornamental brackets. The door is flanked on each side by a pair of four-over-four, wood-sash windows with a rectangular ornamental frame. Each pair of windows has a pair of wooden, louvered shutters on hinges. The door and windows along the first story of the façade are sheltered by a full-length, shed-roofed porch supported by ornamented square wood posts with a turned balustrade. The porch is accessed by a set of brick steps and a brick walkway that has been added since the dwelling was first recorded in 1968. The second story of the façade is lined with three pairs of four-over-four, wood-sash windows with rectangular ornamental frames and wooden, louvered shutters on hinges.

The Gertrude Ward House is considered eligible for the NRHP. It is recommended that the Gertrude Ward House retains its eligibility for the NRHP under Criterion C as a well-preserved example of the Italianate style in Hampshire County. It is not associated with significant events or persons within the broad patterns of history on the local, state, or national level and is not eligible for the National Register under Criterion A or B. Eligibility under Criterion D was not investigated as part of this study.

Figure 4-4. The Gertrude Ward House from Dillon Run looking southwest.

Architectural Survey for the Capon Bridge Replacement Project, Hampshire County, West Virginia

NEWLY SURVEYED RESOURCES

Warehouse (former Capon Bridge Christian Church), 49 Capon River Road (HM-1412)

The former Capon Bridge Christian Church is located on the edge of a hill overlooking both Dillon Run, the Cacapon River and the Capon Bridge (Figure 4-5). The former wood-framed, church was originally built ca. 1860. It is set on a high coursed ashlar foundation with a large stone and concrete stoop to provide access to the centered former entrance. Historic photographs show a hexagonal steeple at the center of the façade and side elevations pierced by three lancet windows. All parts of the steeple have been removed and all lancet windows on the east elevation have been enclosed. On the west elevation one lancet has been replaced by a one-over-one, vinyl sash window and a second has been replaced with a metal and vinyl replacement door. The third bay on the west is filled by a vinyl roll-up garage door. The church retains most of its wood siding with corner boards and its front-gable, standing-seam-metal roof.

The former Capon Christian Church has been altered by removal of its steeple and fenestrations changes and retains little indication of its original use. It is not associated with significant events or persons within the broad patterns of history on the local, state, or national level and is not eligible for the National Register under Criterion A or B. The building does not embody the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction, nor is it the work of a known architect or builder, and is not eligible for the National Register under Criterion C. Eligibility under Criterion D was not investigated as part of this study.

Figure 4-5. Warehouse at 49 Capon River Road, the former Capon Bridge Christian Church looking southeast.

Architectural Survey for the Capon Bridge Replacement Project, Hampshire County, West Virginia

Store and Post Office, 3121 Northwestern Pike (HM-1413)

The ca. 1870 Store and Post Office has two nearly identical one-and-one-half-story, wood-frame, Gothic Revival-style sections (Figure 4-6). The building appears to be the second on this site. It is set partly on a coursed ashlar foundation, which appears to be original to the site. In places where the current building is larger than the original stone foundation, the building rests on wood posts. Each of the two sections has a centered gable pierced by wood-framed, lancet window with a decorative hood in the half story. A hipped roof porch supported by wood brackets shelters six of the seven bays on the first story of the façade. On the first story the three-bay eastern section has a center-placed, double-leaf, wood door flanked on each side by a six-over-six wood sash window. The eastern section was the general store section of the building. The four bay western section served as the post office for the Town of Capon Bridge. It has a center-placed single leaf, replacement door flanked on each side by a six-over-six, wood-sash door. The fourth bay on the far western side of the façade is a shed-roofed extension to the building that was part of the post office.

The Store and Post Office is an excellent example of a mid-to-late nineteenth century general store and post office building. It is not associated with significant events or persons within the broad patterns of history on the local, state, or national level and is not eligible for the National Register under Criterion A or B. The Store and Post Office has seen some changed including the Post Office being moved but it has overall integrity of materials and design. It does embody the distinctive characteristics of a its type and period and is eligible for the National Register under Criterion C. Eligibility under Criterion D was not investigated as part of this study.

Figure 4-6. Store and Post Office along U.S. Route 50 façade looking south

Architectural Survey for the Capon Bridge Replacement Project, Hampshire County, West Virginia

Commercial Building, 3116 Northwestern Pike (HM-1414)

The commercial building was built in two section (Figure 4-7). The first section was built ca. 1870 and consists of a two-story, two-bay section that is set on a parged foundation and is clad in pressed sheet metal simulated to look like rock-face concrete block. The front-gable roof is covered in standing seam metal and has a three-part stepped parapet on both the east and west sides. Two pairs of six-over six, wood-sash windows line each visible elevation on the first story and two single six-over six, wood-sash windows line the second story. The ca. 1870 building was encased in two additions on the west and south around 1920. The southern addition provided a five-bay storefront facing U.S. Route 50 for the building’s new purpose as a gas and service station. The new façade also had a front gable roof with a three-part parapet. A large storefront window pierced the westernmost bay of the façade. Two single-leaf wood doors and two eight-over-eight, wood-sash windows are also found on the new façade. The new façade and the original warehouse were joined together by the addition on the west, which provided the service area for the cars. The addition on the west was built of concrete block and at the center had a large open area that provided access for the cars to enter the shop. The building was further augmented after 1940 by a concrete block garage bay on the façade that provided additional work space on the east. The parapet on the façade was also length on the east to cover the addition and modified so it appeared more modern.

The commercial building has been altered through removal of the parapet and fenestration changes on the façade. The concrete block building has also been encased in vinyl siding. It is not associated with significant events or persons within the broad patterns of history on the local, state, or national level and is not eligible for the National Register under Criterion A or B. The commercial building does not embody the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction, nor is it the work of a known architect or builder, and is not eligible for the National Register under Criterion C. Eligibility under Criterion D was not investigated as part of this study.

Figure 4-7. Commercial building now used for small engine repair looking northeast.

Architectural Survey for the Capon Bridge Replacement Project, Hampshire County, West Virginia

Capon Bridge United Methodist Church, 3236 Northwestern Pike (HM-1415)

The Capon Bridge United Methodist Church is set on a coursed ashlar foundation (Figure 4-8). The four-part hexagonal steeple is attached to a two story, three-bay auditorium. A two-story, three bay classroom addition has been added to the rear of the auditorium. The double-leaf, door is topped by a half-round transom and positioned at the center of the steeple. Above the door is a round window. The first two section of the steeple are clad in wood siding. The third section is covered in fish scale wood shingles and a covered-over window pierces each of the six sides of the steeple. The conical roof of the steeple, which is the four section, is clad in square and fish scale slate shingles and boasts three narrow front gable dormer windows. The two fixed sash windows, one on each story, flank the steeple in the façade. Three one-over-one, wood-sash windows pierce the east and west elevations of the auditorium.

The Capon Bridge United Methodist Church is not associated with significant events or persons within the broad patterns of history on the local, state, or national level and is not eligible for the National Register under Criterion A or B. The church has been altered and does not embody the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction, nor is it the work of a known architect or builder, and is not eligible for the National Register under Criterion C. Eligibility under Criterion D was not investigated as part of this study.

Figure 4-8. Capon Bridge United Methodist Church looking northeast

Commercial Building, 24 Rickie Davy Lane (HM-1416)

The one-and-one-half-story, three-bay, wood-frame commercial building is set on high posts (Figure 4-9). The front-gable roof has wide eaves with wood cornice and is covered in standing seam metal. The double-leaf entrance is located on the west side of the façade. Two storefront

Architectural Survey for the Capon Bridge Replacement Project, Hampshire County, West Virginia

windows are positioned to east of the door. The door and windows are sheltered by a full length porch supported by battered posts on wood bases. The gable area above the porch is filled with hexagonal slate shingles and pierced by a wooden louvered grill. The three-bay side elevations are clad in sheet metal.

The commercial building is not associated with significant events or persons within the broad patterns of history on the local, state, or national level and is not eligible for the National Register under Criterion A or B. The commercial building does not embody the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction, nor is it the work of a known architect or builder, and is not eligible for the National Register under Criterion C. Eligibility under Criterion D was not investigated as part of this study.

Figure 4-9. Façade of the Commercial Building looking south

Capon Bridge Community and Senior Center, 3223 Northwestern Pike (HM-1417)

The Capon Bridge Community and Senior Center is the former Capon Bridge Presbyterian Church built ca. 1890 (Figure 4-10). The Gothic Revival Church has a centered, square steeple from which the conical top has been removed and replaced with a front gable roof. The church is set on a coursed ashlar foundation. The main block of the church is three-bay with a front-gable standing seam metal roof and is clad in wood siding. Three tall lancet windows with pointed arch, louvered shutters pierce the west elevation. The original entrance is position on an enclosed front-gable, vestibule ornamented with a verge board. The entrance is flanked by on each side by a tall lancet windows with pointed arch, louvered shutters. A four-bay, one-story addition is positioned on the east elevation.

Architectural Survey for the Capon Bridge Replacement Project, Hampshire County, West Virginia

The former Capon Bridge Presbyterian Church is not associated with significant events or persons within the broad patterns of history on the local, state, or national level and is not eligible for the National Register under Criterion A or B. The church has been altered and does not embody the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction, nor is it the work of a known architect or builder, and is not eligible for the National Register under Criterion C. Eligibility under Criterion D was not investigated as part of this study.

Figure 4-10. Capon Bridge Community and Senior Center, the former Capon Bridge Presbyterian Church looking south

Capon Bridge Museum, 2987 Northwestern Pike (HM-1418)

The one-and-one-half story ca. 1890 former commercial building is set on wood posts (Figure 4- 11). The front-gable roof has a raking cornice and is covered in standing seam metal. The building is clad in a combination of wood siding and wood shingles. The wood siding is found on the side and rear elevations, while the wood shingles fill the areas of the façade in between the windows and the door. The gable area in the half story is also clad in wood siding but it is paid in a diamond pattern. The centered, single-leaf entrance door is topped by a transom. On each side of the door is a bay-window pierced by three one-over-one, wood-sash windows. A full-length, hipped-roof porch supported by chamfered posts shelters the first story of the façade. A single lancet window pierces the gable area above the porch.

The Capon Bridge Museum is an excellent example of a mid-to-late nineteenth century commercial building. It is not associated with significant events or persons within the broad patterns of history on the local, state, or national level and is not eligible for the National Register under Criterion A or B. The Capon Bridge Museum has integrity of materials and design. It does embody the

Architectural Survey for the Capon Bridge Replacement Project, Hampshire County, West Virginia

distinctive characteristics of a its type and period and is eligible for the National Register under Criterion C. Eligibility under Criterion D was not investigated as part of this study.

Figure 4-11. The Capon Bridge Museum looking south

House, 3009-3015 Northwestern Pike (HM-1419)

The two-story, three-bay, wood-frame dwelling is set on wood posts (Figure 4-12). The cross- gable roof is covered in standing seam metal and has a raking cornice with wide bracketed eaves. The dwelling is clad in horizontal wood siding with the siding in a diamond pattern in the gable areas on each elevation. The former primary entrance is positioned at the center of a three-part bay with one-over-one wood-sash windows piercing the other two sections of the bay. The entrance bay is flanked in each side by a two-over-two, wood-sash window. Three more two-over-two, wood-sash windows line the second story. A one-story, shed-roofed, porch supported by sloping Tuscan Columns wraps the façade and the east and west elevations. A single bay on the east side of the porch has been enclosed. Also what appear to have been a second story porch on the west elevation of the real ell has also been enclosed.

The dwelling is not associated with significant events or persons within the broad patterns of history on the local, state, or national level and is not eligible for the National Register under Criterion A or B. The dwelling has been altered and is now used as apartments. It does not embody the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction, nor is it the work of a known architect or builder, and is not eligible for the National Register under Criterion C. Eligibility under Criterion D was not investigated as part of this study.

Architectural Survey for the Capon Bridge Replacement Project, Hampshire County, West Virginia

Figure 4-12. Dwelling at 3009-3015 Northwestern Pike looking south.

Frye’s Tavern, 2996-3008 Northwestern Pike (HM-1420)

Frye’s Tavern also known as Frye’s Inn and the Fort Edwards Tavern was built ca. 1800 and is positioned on the east side of the Capon Bridge (Figure 4-13). The four-part, two-story building is constructed of log and wood-frame and set on a stone foundation with a partial cellar underneath. The side-gable roof is covered in standing seam metal with two rebuilt interior brick chimneys. A shed-roofed porch supported by turned balusters set into a concrete pad was added in the late nineteen or early twentieth century and lines the first story of the façade. The western most section had three-bays with a center-placed, single-leaf, wood door topped by a three-light transom. On the first story the door is flanked by a single six-over-nine, wood-sash window. The second story is pierced by two six-over-six, wood-sash windows. Proceeding east the second section has three bays with a single-leaf, wood door topped by a three-light transom on the east side and two six- over-nine, wood-sash windows on the west. Three six-over-six, wood-sash windows pierce the second story. Section three is identical to the western most section. The fourth and eastern most section has only single-leaf, wood door topped by a three-light transom on the first story and a single six-over-six, wood-sash window on the second story.

Frye’s Tavern was supposed to have been built between 1800 and 1818 by Margaret Caudy and her husband Eli Beall. With the completion of the Northwestern Turnpike, the tavern became a popular stop for travelers. The Beall’s daughter, Sarah, married one of the Frye family and the Inn and Tavern became Frye’s Inn or Frye’s Tavern. The Frye’s owned the Tavern during the American Civil War and this is noted in local news accounts (HCHS 2006). By 1940, Frye’s Inn also became known for the concerts and musical acts that would play at the stage positioned adjacent to the Capon Bridge and the River. Two stages remain one from ca. 1940 and a second from ca. 1970.

Architectural Survey for the Capon Bridge Replacement Project, Hampshire County, West Virginia

Frye’s Tavern is associated with this history of the Northwestern Turnpike as it was a major stop along the Turnpike for travelers throughout the nineteenth century and is eligible for the National Register under Criterion A. It is not known to be associated with significant persons on the local, state, or national level and is not eligible for the National Register under Criterion B. Frye’s Tavern is a surviving example of the early Inn and tavern from the early nineteenth century and does embody the distinctive characteristics of that period and is eligible for the National Register under Criterion C. Eligibility under Criterion D was not investigated as part of this study.

Figure 4-13. Frye’s Tavern looking north

Architectural Survey for the Capon Bridge Replacement Project, Hampshire County, West Virginia

5. SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS

SUMMARY

On behalf of the West Virginia Division of Highways (WVDOH), TRC Environmental Corporation (TRC) conducted an architectural survey for the proposed Capon Bridge Replacement Project in Hampshire County, West Virginia (State Project S314-50-31.02 00; Federal Project STP- 050(318)D). The proposed project is a replacement of the existing bridge carrying U.S Route 50 over the Cacapon River in the Town of Capon Bridge, Hampshire County, West Virginia. The new bridge will replace the existing bridge at the same location. The proposed impact area of construction activity associated with the bridge replacement project includes a potential temporary traffic bypass north of the existing bridge which is one of three potential alternatives.

The area of potential effects (APE) is defined as the geographic area within which an undertaking may directly or indirectly cause alterations in the character or use of National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) -eligible properties. The purpose of the architectural survey was survey architectural resources 50 years of age or older within the APE and evaluate them for eligibility to the NRHP.

Background research demonstrated that there are three previously recorded architectural resources within the project area. These include the Capon Bridge (HM-0802) that has been determined individually eligible for the NRHP under Criterion C, the Gertrude Ward House (HM-0026) that is considered eligible by WVSHPO, and the Capon Bridge Historic District (HM-0012), which was recorded in 1978 but no list of contributing resources nor a potential historic district boundary was recorded. Photographs included with the HPI form show buildings that are located nearly 2-miles along U. S. Route 50.

RECOMMENDATIONS

Each resource identified in the project area was evaluated with reference to the criteria of eligibility for inclusion in the National Register, as set forth in 36 CFR 60.4, and based on guidelines set forth by the National Park Service.

Architectural Survey for the Capon Bridge Replacement Project, Hampshire County, West Virginia

It is recommended that the Capon Bridge (HM-0802) and the Gertrude Ward House (HM-0026) both retain sufficient integrity to maintain for eligibility to the NRHP. After further evaluation of the potential Capon Bridge Historic District (HM-0012), it was found that there is not sufficient integrity, linkage, or continuity of features to sustain a historic district and it is recommended not eligible for the NRHP. Finally, the newly surveyed Store and Post Office at 3121 Northern Turnpike (HM-1413), the Capon Bridge Museum (HM-1418) and Frye’s Tavern (HM-1420) are recommended eligible for the NRHP. All recommendations are summarized below in Table 5-1.

Table 5-1. NRHP Recommendations for All Surveyed Resources.

HPI NRHP Number Name Address Date Recommendation HM-0802 Capon Bridge Northwestern Pike 1933 Eligible HM-0026 Gertrude Ward House 40 Capon River Road ca. 1850 Considered eligible Capon Bridge Historic HM-0012 District Rt 50 Capon 1785-1950 Not eligible HM-1412 Warehouse 49 Capon River Road ca. 1860 Not eligible HM-1413 Store and Post Office 3121 Northwestern Pike ca. 1870 Potentially eligible HM-1414 Commercial Building 3116 Northwestern Pike ca. 1870 Not eligible Capon Bridge United HM-1415 Methodist Church 3236 Northwestern Pike ca. 1870 Not eligible HM-1416 Commercial Building 24 Rickie Davy Lane ca. 1890 Not eligible Capon Bridge Community and Senior HM-1417 Center 3223 Northwestern Pike ca. 1890 Not eligible HM-1418 Capon Bridge Museum 2987 Northwestern Pike ca. 1890 Potentially eligible HM-1419 House 3009-3015 Northwestern Pike ca. 1885 Not eligible HM-1420 Frye's Tavern 2996-3008 Northwestern Pike ca. 1800 Potentially eligible

Architectural Survey for the Capon Bridge Replacement Project, Hampshire County, West Virginia

6. REFERENCES CITED

Ansel, D.M. 1984 Frontier Forts along the Potomac and its Tributaries. McClain Printing, Parsons, West Virginia

Bailey, Kenneth R. 2002 Strange Tongues: West Virginia and Immigrant Labor to 1920, in Transnational West Virginia: Ethnic Communities and Economic Change, 1840-1940. West Virginia University Press, Morgantown.

Briceland, Alan Vance 1987 Westward from Virginia: The Exploration of the Virginia Carolina Frontier, 1650-1710. University Press of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA.

Callahan, James Morton 1913 Semi-Centennial History of West Virginia. Semi-Centennial Commission of West Virginia.

Chambers, S. Allen 2004 Buildings of West Virginia. Oxford University Press, New York, New York.

Cohen, Stan 1999 The Civil War in West Virginia: A Pictorial History. Pictorial Histories Publishing Company, Charleston, WV. Dilger, Robert Jay, comp n.d. The Early History of West Virginia’s Northern Ohio Valley. Electronic document, http://ipa.wvu.edu/r/download/43187, accessed August 11, 2015. 2008 County Histories of West Virginia accessed September 10, 2008 at http://www.polsci.wvu.edu/wv/history.html

Hampshire County Historical Society [HCHS] 2006 The Christmas in Old Hampshire. Romney, West Virginia. Hampshire County Historical Society, Romney, West Virginia.

Horton, Vicky 1996 “Capon Springs” Hampshire County Public Library Romney, West Virginia

Lesser, W. Hunter 2004 Rebels at the Gate. Sourcebooks, Inc., Naperville, Illinois.

Kerns, Wilmer L.

1984 “Hampshire County History” Hampshire County Public Library Romney, West Virginia

1985 “Influences & Contributions of the Dynasty of Col. Elias Poston. Hampshire County Public Library Romney, West Virginia

1988 “The Great Wagon Highway” Winchester Star Hampshire County Public Library Romney, West Virginia

Architectural Survey for the Capon Bridge Replacement Project, Hampshire County, West Virginia

Martin, Joseph 1836 A new and comprehensive gazetteer of Virginia, and the District of Columbia: collected and compiled from the most respectable, and chiefly from original sources. Joseph Martin, Charlottesville, VA.

Maxwell, Hu and Swisher, H.L. 1897 History of Hampshire County, West Virginia: from Its Earliest Settlement to the Present. A Brown Boughner, Printer

National Park Service [NPS] 1997 Defining Boundaries for National Register Properties. National Register Bulletin No. 21, National Park Service, Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C. 1999 Guidelines for Evaluating and Documenting Rural Historic Landscapes. National Register Bulletin No. 30, National Park Service, Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C.

No Author n.d. “The Bridges of Capon Bridge,” Vertical files, Hampshire County Public Library Romney, West Virginia

Parsons Brinckerhoff and Engineering and Industrial Heritage [Parsons] 2005 A Context for Common Historic Bridge Types. NCHRP Project No. 25-25 Task 15. Transportation Research Board, Washington D.C..

Pugh, Maud 1982 Capon Valley: It’s Pioneers and Their Descendants, 1698-1940. Gateway Press, Inc. Baltimore, Maryland

Rasmussen, Barbara 2013 Land Ownership. e-WV: The West Virginia Encyclopedia. Electronic document, http://www.wvencyclopedia.org/articles/1293, accessed August 7, 2015.

Rice, Otis K. 1985 West Virginia: A History. The University of Kentucky Press, Lexington, KY.

Shepherdstown Battlefield Preservation Association. 2009 The 1862 Battle of Shepherdstown. Accessed online on February 26, 2009 at http://www.battleofshepherdstown.org/Battle.html.

Sullivan, K. 2006 The West Virginia Encyclopedia. West Virginia Humanities Council. Charleston, West Virginia.

Trotter, Joe William Jr. 2002 Black Migration to Southern West Virginia, in Transnational West Virginia: Ethnic Communities and Economic Change, 1840-1940. West Virginia University Press, Morgantown, West Virginia.

Ward, Matthew C.

Architectural Survey for the Capon Bridge Replacement Project, Hampshire County, West Virginia

2003 Breaking the Backcountry: The Seven Years War in Virginia and Pennsylvania, 1754- 1765. University of Pittsburgh Press, Pittsburgh, PA.

West Virginia Civil War Battles. 2009 Harper’s Ferry, West Virginia in the Civil War. Accessed online on February 26, 2009 at http://americancivilwar.com/statepic/wv/wv010.html

West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey 1969 Geologic Map of West Virginia. Electronic document, http://www.wvgs.wvnet.edu/www/geology/geolgeom.htm, accessed 4/14/2011.

West Virginia State Historic Preservation Office [WVSHPO] 2015a Guidelines for Phase I, II, and III Archaeological Investigations and Technical Report Preparation. http://www.wvculture.org/shpo/techreportguide/guidelines.html, accessed 6/2/2015. 2015b Cultural Resource Reports and West Virginia and National Register Files.

West Virginia State Parks 2014 West Virginia State Parks, Welcome. Electronic document, http://www.northbendrailtrailstatepark.com/, accessed August 1, 2015.

Worldmark Encyclopedia of the States 2007 West Virginia. Electronic document, http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2- 2661700063.html, accessed August 7, 2015.

APPENDIX A: WVDOH CRITERION A AND HISTORIC DISTRICT ELIGIBILITY CHECKLIST

9-16-15

West Virginia Division of Highways Historical Pre-Screening Checklist

Project Name: Capon Bridge Replacement Project

County/Rt/Milepost: U.S. Route 50

Federal Project No. STP-0050(318) D State Project No. S314-50-31.02 00

SHPO FR No. N/A

Unit Leader: Sondra Mullins

Historian Name: Stephanie A.T. Jacobe, Ph.D., TRC Environmental Date: 7-21-16

Project Information:

☒ Bridge Replacement Was the bridge evaluated in the Historic Bridge Survey? Yes or No Summarize response:

The Capon Bridge (HM-0802) was last surveyed in 2013 and was determined individually eligible for the NRHP under Criterion C by WV SHPO.

☐ Bank Stabilization/Slide Repair ☐ Intersection Improvement

☐Road Widening/Realignment ☐ Other

☐ Culvert Replacement

☐Grant Project Scope of Work:

Sources:

☒ Historic Maps ☒ SHPO Survey

☒ County Histories ☒ Newspapers

☒ Turnpike Maps ☒ National Register Listings 9-16-15

☒ Historic Bridge Survey Historic Context ☐ Other (list):

☐ Historic Bridge Survey - Do Not Survey List

Project Area Information:

Where is the bridge project located? The town of Capon Bridge, Hampshire County

What are the nearest towns or county seats? (Distance to them?)

The project is located within the corporate limits of Capon Bridge and approximately 23 miles from the county seat of Romney.

What body of water does the bridge cross? The Cacapon River

What transportation link does this bridge or location serve? U.S. Route 50, the Northwestern Turnpike

Was this area used for? ☒ Agriculture ☐ Timber Industry ☐ Oil and Gas Industry ☒ Other (Transportation)

Are there previously surveyed resources in the area of potential effect? Yes or No If yes, list the resources.

Capon Bridge Historic District (HM-0012) (no defined boundary or list of contributing and non- contributing resources exists). Gertrude Ward House (HM-0026) Capon Bridge (HM-0802)

Are there resources greater than 50 years old with the APE? Yes or No If yes, attach the Historic Property Inventory Forms.

There are twelve resources that were identified in the APE including the three previously surveyed resources mentioned above and 9 newly surveyed resources

Historic District:

Name of city/town/community: Capon Bridge

Number of other structures in the viewshed: None 1-5 5-20 20-50 50+ 9-16-15

General era of construction of surrounding structures: The buildings in the town of Capon Bridge date primarily from 1800-2010.

Potential Historic District? Yes No If yes, please summarize your evaluation.

☐Criteria A

☐Criteria B

☐Criteria C

☐Criteria D

Does the project propose to take a contributing resource? Yes No If yes, proceed with report to the SHPO.

Historical Groups: (List contact and attach correspondence)

☒ Historic Landmarks Commission

☒ Preservation Alliance of West Virginia

☐ Historical Society

☐ Local Genealogy Group

☒ Other Groups

Notes: Letters were sent to the Preservation Alliance of West Virginia, the town of Capon Bridge, the Hampshire County Historic Landmarks Commission and the Hampshire County Historical Museum in June and July 2016.

Review Exempt under Programmatic Agreement Appendix A

☐ Yes ☒ No

Provide Justification as to yes or no: Report is being sent to the SHPO

9-16-15

Attach SHPO Survey website printout, photographs of project area and Historic Property Inventory Forms.

Signature:______(Unit Leader)

Signature:______(Historian Name)

APPENDIX B: WEST VIRGINIA HISTORIC PROPERTY INVENTORY FORMS

Internal Rating: ______

WEST VIRGINIA HISTORIC PROPERTY INVENTORY FORM

Street Address Common/Historic Name/Both Field Survey # Site # (SHPO Only) X O O U.S. Route 50 Capon Capon Bridge Historic District HM-0012

Town or Community County Negative No. NR Listed Date

Capon Bridge Hampshire

Architect/Builder Date of Construction Style N/A None 1785-1950

Exterior Siding/Materials Roofing Material Foundation

N/A N/A N/A

Property Use or Function UTM# Residence O 17N Commercial O 721568E Other X 4352864N

Survey Organization & Date Quadrangle Name TRC Environmental Corp. Capon Bridge July 2016 Part of What Survey/FR#

Sketch Map of Property Or Attach Copy of USGS Map No. Site

Present Owners Owners Mailing Address

N/A

Phone # Describe Setting ___445______Acres The Town of Capon Bridge is divided by the Cacapon River and it derives its name from the bridge itself original built in 1834 for the Northwestern Turnpike. The crossing at this point along the River was designed for the Turnpike. Two other crossings preceded it, one to the north and a second to the south. The town grew up along the Turnpike and included commercial businesses that served travelers and the homes of those who lived and worked in the area. The district was first recorded in 1978 with a potential period of significance of 1785-1950. ___ Archaeological Artifacts Present Description of Building or Site (Original and Present) ______Stories ______Front Bays The Capon Bridge Historic District was first recorded in 1978 but no list of contributing resources nor a potential historic district boundary was completed. Photographs included with the HPI form show buildings that are located nearly 2-miles along U. S. Route 50 with significant open space in between. Since first being recorded, the Town of Capon Bridge has seen significant changes. There have been numerous demolitions and a number of new building have been built along U.S. Route 50 including several modern commercial buildings. Small pockets of historic resources remain but all are surrounded by modern construction and the area now lacks linkage and continuity of features. (Use Continuation Sheets) Alterations If yes, describe X

Yes No

Additions If yes, describe X

Yes No

Describe All Outbuildings

(Use Continuation Sheets) Statement of Significance It is recommended that the Town of Capon Bridge is not eligible for the National Register as a Historic District. It is not associated with significant events or persons within the broad patterns of history on the local, state, or national level and is not eligible for the National Register under Criterion A or B. The extant buildings lack the linkage and continuity of features necessary for a historic district and is not eligible for the National Register under Criterion C. Eligibility under Criterion D was not investigated as part of this study. (Use Continuation Sheets) Bibliographical References

(Use Continuation Sheets) Form Prepared By: Stephanie A.T. Jacobe, Ph.D. Date: 07/21/2016

Name/Organization: TRC Environmental Corp. Address: 4425 Forbes Blvd., Suite B Lanham MD 20706

Phone #:301-276-8043

This program receives federal funds from the National Park Service. Regulations of the U. S. Department of the Interior prohibit unlawful discrimination in department Federally Assisted Programs on the basis of race, color, national origin, age or handicap. Any person who believes he or she has been discriminated against in any program, activity, or facility operated by a recipient of Federal Assistance should write to: Director, Equal Opportunity Program, U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, P.O. Box 37127, Washington, D.C. 20013-7127.

WEST VIRGINIA HISTORIC PROPERTY FORM CONTINUATION SHEET

NAME_Capon Bridge Historic District______SITE#___HM-0012______

View of the houses built for workers at the Capon Bridge Tannery on the west side of the bridge

View toward the Capon Bridge looking west along U.S. Route 50. Note the post-1970 industrial park on the left hand side of the photo.

Internal Rating: ______

WEST VIRGINIA HISTORIC PROPERTY INVENTORY FORM

Street Address Common/Historic Name/Both Field Survey # Site # (SHPO Only) O X O

Gertrude Ward House HM-0026 40 Capon River Road

Town or Community County Negative No. NR Listed Date

Capon Bridge Hampshire

Architect/Builder Date of Construction Style

Unknown ca. 1850 Italianate

Exterior Siding/Materials Roofing Material Foundation

Wood Standing seam metal Coursed ashlar

Property Use or Function UTM# Residence X 17N Commercial O 721121E Other O 4352958N

Survey Organization & Date Quadrangle Name TRC Environmental Corp. Capon Bridge June 2016 Part of What Survey/FR#

Sketch Map of Property Or Attach Copy of USGS Map No. Site

Present Owners Owners Mailing Address

N/A

Phone # Describe Setting ______5______Acres The Gertrude Ward House is located just off U.S. Route 50 on the west side of the Capon Bridge. The property is fronted on Dillon Run. A low stone and concrete wall surrounds the dwelling and yard. _____ Archaeological Artifacts Present

Description of Building or Site (Original and Present) ____2_____Stories ___3_____Front Bays The two-story, three-bay, wood-frame Italianate dwelling is set on a coursed ashlar foundation. The hipped roof is covered in standing seam metal, has overhanging, bracketed eaves, and an ornamented cornice. Two interior brick chimneys are visible with a low, square, central cupola. The single-leaf wood door is centered in the façade and is surrounded by sidelights and topped by a six-light transom with ornamental brackets. The door is flanked on each side by a pair of four-over-four, wood-sash windows with a rectangular ornamental frame. Each pair of windows has a pair of wooden, louvered shutters on hinges. The door and windows along the first story of the façade are sheltered by a full-length, shed-roofed porch supported by ornamented square wood posts with a turned balustrade. The porch is accessed by a set of brick steps and a brick walkway that has been added since the dwelling was first recorded in 1968. The second story of the façade is lined with three pairs of four-over-four, wood-sash windows with rectangular ornamental frames and wooden, louvered shutters on hinges. (Use Continuation Sheets) Alterations If yes, describe Brick steps now provide access to the porch X

Yes No

Additions If yes, describe X

Yes No

Describe All Outbuildings Two outbuildings were visible. A one-story, wood-frame shed and a two-story barn and machine shed. (Use Continuation Sheets) Statement of Significance The Gertrude Ward House was first surveyed in 1968 and according to WV SHPO records is considered eligible for the National Register. It is recommended that the Gertrude Ward House retains its eligibility for the National Register under Criterion C as a well- preserved example of the Italianate style in Hampshire County. It is not associated with significant events or persons within the broad patterns of history on the local, state, or national level and is not eligible for the National Register under Criterion A or B. Eligibility under Criterion D was not investigated as part of this study. (Use Continuation Sheets) Bibliographical References

(Use Continuation Sheets) Form Prepared By: Stephanie A.T. Jacobe, Ph.D. Date: 07/21/2016

Name/Organization: TRC Environmental Corp. Address: 4425 Forbes Blvd., Suite B Lanham MD 20706

Phone #: 301-276-8043

WEST VIRGINIA HISTORIC PROPERTY FORM CONTINUATION SHEET

NAME__Gertrude Ward House______SITE#__HM-0026______

View of the Gertrude Ward House looking south

View of the barn and machine shed looking southwest

Internal Rating: ______

WEST VIRGINIA HISTORIC PROPERTY INVENTORY FORM

Street Address Common/Historic Name/Both Field Survey # Site # (SHPO Only) O O X

HM-0802 Northwestern Pike Capon Bridge Town or Community County Negative No. NR Listed Date Hampshire Capon Bridge

Architect/Builder Date of Construction Style

E.R. Mills 1933 Pratt Through Truss

Exterior Siding/Materials Roofing Material Foundation

Steel Steel Concrete and Stone

Property Use or Function UTM# Residence O 17N Commercial O 721210E Other X 4352968N

Survey Organization & Date Quadrangle Name TRC Environmental Corp. Capon Bridge June 2016 Part of What Survey/FR#

Sketch Map of Property Or Attach Copy of USGS Map No. Site

Present Owners Owners Mailing Address

State of West Virginia

Phone # Describe Setting _____>1_____ Acres The Capon Bridge carries U.S. Route 50 Bridge over the Cacapon River in Capon Bridge. It is the fourth on the same site. The Pratt Through Truss bridge was built in 1933 by E.R. Mills of Charleston, WV. The Capon Bridge had its main members replaced in kind in 1978. The newer repairs are bolted instead of riveted. The first bridge was designed by Charles B. Shaw, engineer for the Northwestern Turnpike in 1834. The crossing of the Capon River was positioned by Shaw and Claudius Crozet for the construction of the Northwestern Turnpike. Two other river crossing existed prior to the construction of the Turnpike. The first was located about a mile to the north and was crossed by a ferry. The second was located about 1800 feet south of the current Capon Bridge. The second crossing remained in use by local residents during the nineteenth century when the Northwestern Turnpike, a toll road, was in operation. _____ Archaeological Artifacts Present Description of Building or Site (Original and Present) ______Stories ______Front Bays Photos of the original 1834 bridge show a Burr arch Truss-type covered bridge. It does not match Shaw’s original design but it was likely altered when built. It is unclear what happened to Shaw’s bridge though it is normally assumed it was destroyed at some point during the Civil War. It was replaced by a second bridge, an iron pony truss with two simple spans. This second bridge remained until at least 1913 when it was last photographed. A third bridge, a Pratt Through Truss with two simple spans, which appears to have been raised, was in place by 1925. The current bridge also a Pratt Through Truss but with only one simple span was completed in 1933 by E.R. Mills. Mills also built the Buffalo Creek Arch Bridge in Marion County and the St Albans-Nitro Bridge in Kanawha County neither of which is still extant. (Use Continuation Sheets) Alterations If yes, describe: Main members replaced in kind in 1978 X

Yes No

Additions If yes, describe X

Yes No

Describe All Outbuildings There are no outbuildings associated with this bridge.

(Use Continuation Sheets) Statement of Significance The Capon Bridge was determined eligible for inclusion in the National Register under Criterion C in 2013. It is not associated with significant events or persons within the broad patterns of history on the local, state, or national level and is not eligible for the National Register under Criterion A or B. Eligibility under Criterion D was not investigated as part of this study. (Use Continuation Sheets) Bibliographical References

(Use Continuation Sheets) Form Prepared By: Stephanie A.T. Jacobe, Ph.D. Date: 07/21/2016

Name/Organization: TRC Environmental Corp. Address: 4425 Forbes Blvd., Suite B Lanham MD 20706

Phone #: 301-276-8043

WEST VIRGINIA HISTORIC PROPERTY FORM CONTINUATION SHEET

NAME__Capon Bridge______SITE#__HM-0802______

View of the Capon Bridge looking southwest

View of the Capon Bride looking south

WEST VIRGINIA HISTORIC PROPERTY FORM CONTINUATION SHEET

NAME__Capon Bridge______SITE#__HM-0802______

View of the remaining stones that were part of the original central pylon

View of the original Burr Arch Truss Covered Bridge, built ca. 1834

WEST VIRGINIA HISTORIC PROPERTY FORM CONTINUATION SHEET

NAME__Capon Bridge______SITE#__HM-0802______

View of the second Capon Bridge, a pony truss bridge

View of the third Capon Bridge, a two span Pratt Through Truss Internal Rating: ______

WEST VIRGINIA HISTORIC PROPERTY INVENTORY FORM

Street Address Common/Historic Name/Both Field Survey # Site # (SHPO Only) O O O 49 Capon River Road Capon Christian Church HM-1412

Town or Community County Negative No. NR Listed Date

Capon Bridge Hampshire

Architect/Builder Date of Construction Style unknown ca. 1860 Gothic Revival

Exterior Siding/Materials Roofing Material Foundation

Wood Standing seam metal Coursed ashlar

Property Use or Function UTM# Residence O 17N Commercial O 721137E Other X 4352933N

Survey Organization & Date Quadrangle Name TRC Environmental Corp. Capon Bridge June 2016 Part of What Survey/FR#

Sketch Map of Property Or Attach Copy of USGS Map

Site No. Site

Present Owners Owners Mailing Address

N/A

Phone # Describe Setting _____>1 ____ Acres The former Capon Bridge Christian Church is located on the edge of a hill overlooking both Dillon Run, the Cacapon River and the Capon Bridge. _____ Archaeological Artifacts Present

Description of Building or Site (Original and Present) ______2____Stories ____1_____Front Bays The former wood-framed, church was originally built ca. 1860. It is set on a high coursed ashlar foundation with a large stone and concrete stoop to provide access to the centered former entrance. Historic photographs show a hexagonal steeple at the center of the façade and side elevations pierced by three lancet windows. All parts of the steeple have been removed and all lancet windows on the east elevation have been enclosed. On the west elevation one lancet has been replaced by a one-over-one, vinyl sash window and a second has been replaced with a metal and vinyl replacement door. The third bay on the west is filled by a vinyl roll-up garage door. The church retains most of its wood siding with corner boards and its front-gable, standing-seam-metal roof. (Use Continuation Sheets) Alterations If yes, describe All parts of the steeple have been removed and all lancet windows on the east X elevation have been enclosed.

Yes No

Additions If yes, describe X

Yes No

Describe All Outbuildings There are no outbuildings associated with this Church.

(Use Continuation Sheets) Statement of Significance The former Capon Christian Church has been altered by removal of its steeple and fenestrations changes and retains little indication of its original use. It is not associated with significant events or persons within the broad patterns of history on the local, state, or national level and is not eligible for the National Register under Criterion A or B. The building does not embody the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction, nor is it the work of a known architect or builder, and is not eligible for the National Register under Criterion C. Eligibility under Criterion D was not investigated as part of this study. (Use Continuation Sheets) Bibliographical References

(Use Continuation Sheets) Form Prepared By: Stephanie A.T. Jacobe, Ph.D. Date: 07/212016

Name/Organization: TRC Environmental Corp. Address: 4425 Forbes Blvd., Suite B Lanham MD 20706

Phone #: 301-276-8043

WEST VIRGINIA HISTORIC PROPERTY FORM CONTINUATION SHEET

NAME__Warehouse (former Capon Bridge Christian Church) ____ SITE#____HM-1412___

View of the former Capon Bridge Christian Church looking west

View of the Capon Bridge Christian Church ca. 1890

Internal Rating: ______

WEST VIRGINIA HISTORIC PROPERTY INVENTORY FORM

Street Address Common/Historic Name/Both Field Survey # Site # (SHPO Only) O X O 3121 Northwestern Pike Store and Post Office HM-1413

Town or Community County Negative No. NR Listed Date

Capon Bridge Hampshire

Architect/Builder Date of Construction Style unknown ca. 1870 Gothic Revival

Exterior Siding/Materials Roofing Material Foundation Coursed ashlar and wood posts Wood Standing seam metal

Property Use or Function UTM# Residence O 17N Commercial X 721136E Other O 4352979N

Survey Organization & Date Quadrangle Name TRC Environmental Corp. Capon Bridge June 2016 Part of What Survey/FR#

Sketch Map of Property Or Attach Copy of USGS Map No. Site

Present Owners Owners Mailing Address

N/A

Phone # Describe Setting _____>1 ____ Acres The Store and Post Office is located on a small strip of land between Dillon Run, the Cacapon River and U.S. Route 50. It is on the west side of the Capon Bridge just off the road _____ Archaeological Artifacts Present Description of Building or Site (Original and Present) ____1_____Stories ____7____Front Bays The ca. 1870 Store and Post Office has two nearly identical one-and-one-half-story, wood-frame, Gothic Revival-style sections. The building appears to be the second on this site. It is set partly on a coursed ashlar foundation, which appears to be original to the site. In places where the current building is larger than the original stone foundation, the frame rests on wood posts. Each of the two sections has a centered gable pierced by wood-framed, lancet window with a decorative hood in the half story. A hipped roof porch supported by wood brackets shelters six of the seven bays on the first story of the façade. On the first story the three-bay eastern section has a center-placed, double-leaf, wood door flanked on each side by a six-over-six wood sash window. The eastern section was the general store section of the building. The four bay western section has a center-placed single leaf, replacement door flanked on each side by a six-over-six, wood-sash door. The fourth bay on the far western side of the façade is a shed-roofed addition to the building that was added ca. 1920. (Use Continuation Sheets) Alterations If yes, describe X

Yes No

Additions If yes, describe X The fourth bay on the far western side of the façade is a shed-roofed addition to the building that was added ca. 1920 Yes No

Describe All Outbuildings There are no outbuildings associated with this commercial building. (Use Continuation Sheets) Statement of Significance The Store and Post Office is an excellent example of a mid-to-late nineteenth century general store and post office building. It is not associated with significant events or persons within the broad patterns of history on the local, state, or national level and is not eligible for the National Register under Criterion A or B. The Store and Post Office has seen some changed including the Post Office being moved but it has overall integrity of materials and design. It does embody the distinctive characteristics of a its type and period and is eligible for the National Register under Criterion C. Eligibility under Criterion D was not investigated as part of this study. (Use Continuation Sheets) Bibliographical References

(Use Continuation Sheets) Form Prepared By: Stephanie A.T. Jacobe, Ph.D. Date: 07/21/2016

Name/Organization: TRC Environmental Corp. Address: 4425 Forbes Blvd., Suite B Lanham MD 20706

Phone #: 301-276-8043

WEST VIRGINIA HISTORIC PROPERTY FORM CONTINUATION SHEET

NAME_Store and Post Office______SITE#______HM-1413______

View of the façade of the Store and Post Office looking west

View of the Store and Post Office ca. 1920

WEST VIRGINIA HISTORIC PROPERTY FORM CONTINUATION SHEET

NAME_Store and Post Office______SITE#______HM-1413______

View of the Store and Post Office looking southeast

View of the foundations of the Store and Post Office WEST VIRGINIA HISTORIC PROPERTY FORM CONTINUATION SHEET

NAME_Store and Post Office______SITE#______HM-1413______

View of the south and east elevations of the Store and Post Office looking north showing the older stone wall and the newer wood-frame building supported by posts. Internal Rating: ______

WEST VIRGINIA HISTORIC PROPERTY INVENTORY FORM

Street Address Common/Historic Name/Both Field Survey # Site # (SHPO Only) X O O

HM-1414 3116 Northwestern Pike Commercial Building Town or Community County Negative No. NR Listed Date

Capon Bridge Hampshire

Architect/Builder Date of Construction Style unknown ca. 1870 Commercial Vernacular

Exterior Siding/Materials Roofing Material Foundation Vinyl siding Standing seam metal Parged

Property Use or Function UTM# Residence O 17N Commercial X 721175E Other O 4353000N

Survey Organization & Date Quadrangle Name TRC Environmental Corp. Capon Bridge June 2016 Part of What Survey/FR#

Sketch Map of Property Or Attach Copy of USGS No. Site

Present Owners Owners Mailing Address

N/A

Phone # Describe Setting ______1______Acres The commercial building is located on the west side of the Capon Bridge directly adjacent to U.S. Route 50 _____ Archaeological Artifacts Present

Description of Building or Site (Original and Present) ___2______Stories ___6____Front Bays The commercial building was built in two sections. The first section was built ca. 1870 and consists of a two-story, two-bay section that is set on a parged foundation and is clad in pressed sheet metal simulated to look like rock-face concrete block. The front-gable roof is covered in standing seam metal and has a three-part stepped parapet on both the east and west sides. Two pairs of six-over six, wood- sash windows line each visible elevation on the first story and two single six-over six, wood-sash windows line the second story. The ca. 1870 building was encased in two additions on the west and south around 1920. The south addition provided a five-bay storefront facing U.S. Route 50 for the building’s new purpose as a gas and service station. The new façade also had a front gable roof with a three-part parapet. A large storefront window pierced the western-most bay of the façade. Two single-leaf wood doors and two eight- over-eight, wood-sash windows are also found on the new façade. The new façade and the original warehouse were joined together by the addition on the west, which provided the service area for the cars. The addition on the west was built of concrete block and at the center had a large open area that provided access for the cars to enter the shop. The building was further augmented after 1940 by a concrete block garage bay on the façade that provided additional work space on the east. The parapet on the façade was also length on the east to cover the addition and modified so it appeared more modern. (Use Continuation Sheets) Alterations If yes, describe: The commercial building was built in two sections. The first section was built X ca. 1870 and consists of a two-story, two-bay section that is set on a parged foundation and is clad in pressed sheet metal simulated to look like rock-face concrete block. The ca. 1870 building was encased in two additions on the west and south around 1920. The building was further augmented Yes No after 1940 by a concrete block garage bay on the fa çade that provided additional work space on the east. The parapet on the façade was also length on the east to cover the addition and modified so it appeared more modern Additions If yes, describe X The ca. 1870 building was encased in two additions on the west and south around 1920. The south addition provided a five-bay storefront facing U.S. Route 50 for the building’s new purpose as a gas Yes No and service station. The new façade also had a front gable roof with a three-part parapet.

Describe All Outbuildings There are no outbuildings associated with this commercial building.

(Use Continuation Sheets) Statement of Significance The commercial building has been altered through removal of the parapet and fenestration changes on the façade. The concrete block building has also been encased in vinyl siding. It is not associated with significant events or persons within the broad patterns of history on the local, state, or national level and is not eligible for the National Register under Criterion A or B. The commercial building does not embody the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction, nor is it the work of a known architect or builder, and is not eligible for the National Register under Criterion C. Eligibility under Criterion D was not investigated as part of this study. (Use Continuation Sheets) Bibliographical References (Use Continuation Sheets) Form Prepared By: Stephanie A.T. Jacobe, Ph.D. Date: 07/21/2016 Name/Organization: TRC Environmental Corp. Address: 4425 Forbes Blvd., Suite B Lanham MD 20706 Phone #: 301-276-8043

WEST VIRGINIA HISTORIC PROPERTY FORM CONTINUATION SHEET

NAME__Commercial Building______SITE#_____HM-1414______

View of the Commercial Building looking southwest

View of the commercial building looking south

WEST VIRGINIA HISTORIC PROPERTY FORM CONTINUATION SHEET

NAME__Commercial Building______SITE#_____HM-1414______

View of the commercial building ca. 1915

View of the commercial building ca. 1945

WEST VIRGINIA HISTORIC PROPERTY FORM CONTINUATION SHEET

NAME__Commercial Building______SITE#_____HM-1414______

Advertisement for the Capon Bridge Motor Company showing the commercial building at 3116 Northwestern Turnpike ca. 1945

Internal Rating: ______

WEST VIRGINIA HISTORIC PROPERTY INVENTORY FORM

Street Address Common/Historic Name/Both Field Survey # Site # (SHPO Only) O O X

Capon Bridge United Methodist HM-1415 3236 Northwestern Pike Church

Town or Community County Negative No. NR Listed Date

Capon Bridge Hampshire

Architect/Builder Date of Construction Style unknown ca. 1870 Gothic Revival

Exterior Siding/Materials Roofing Material Foundation

Wood siding Slate and standing seam metal Coursed ashlar

Property Use or Function UTM# Residence O 17N Commercial O 721017E Other X 4353114N

Survey Organization & Date Quadrangle Name TRC Environmental Corp. Capon Bridge June 2016 Part of What Survey/FR#

Sketch Map of Property Or Attach Copy of USGS Map

No. Site

Present Owners Owners Mailing Address

N/A

Phone # Describe Setting ____1______Acres The Capon Bridge United Methodist Church is located at the northwest corner U.S. Route 50 and SR 15, Cold Stream Road. A coursed stone wall separates the church from U.S. Route 50. _____ Archaeological Artifacts Present

Description of Building or Site (Original and Present) _____2____Stories ____3____Front Bays The Capon Bridge United Methodist Church is set on a coursed ashlar foundation. The four-part hexagonal steeple is attached to a two story, three-bay auditorium. A two-story, three bay classroom addition has been added to the rear of the auditorium. The double-leaf, door is topped by a half-round transom and positioned at the center of the steeple. Above the door is a round window. The first two section of the steeple are clad in wood siding. The third section is covered in fish scale wood shingles and an enclosed window pierces each of the six sides of the steeple. The conical roof of the steeple, which is the fourth section, is clad in square and fish scale slate shingles and boasts three narrow front gable dormer windows. The two fixed sash windows, one on each story, flank the steeple in the façade. Three one-over-one, wood-sash windows pierce the east and west elevations of the auditorium. (Use Continuation Sheets) Alterations If yes, describe: The windows in the third section of the steeple have been enclosed X

Yes No

Additions If yes, describe: X A two-story, three bay classroom addition has been added to the rear of the auditorium.

Yes No

Describe All Outbuildings There are no outbuildings associated with this church. (Use Continuation Sheets) Statement of Significance The Capon Bridge United Methodist Church is not associated with significant events or persons within the broad patterns of history on the local, state, or national level and is not eligible for the National Register under Criterion A or B. The church has been altered and does not embody the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction, nor is it the work of a known architect or builder, and is not eligible for the National Register under Criterion C. Eligibility under Criterion D was not investigated as part of this study. (Use Continuation Sheets) Bibliographical References (Use Continuation Sheets) Form Prepared By: Stephanie A.T. Jacobe, Ph.D. Date: 07/21/2016

Name/Organization: TRC Environmental Corp. Address: 4425 Forbes Blvd., Suite B Lanham MD 20706

Phone #: 301-276-8043

WEST VIRGINIA HISTORIC PROPERTY FORM CONTINUATION SHEET

NAME__ Capon Bridge United Methodist Church ______SITE#______HM-1415______

View of the Capon Bridge United Methodist Church looking north

View of the Capon Bridge United Methodist Church looking west

WEST VIRGINIA HISTORIC PROPERTY FORM CONTINUATION SHEET

NAME__ Capon Bridge United Methodist Church ______SITE#______HM-1415______

View of the Capon Bridge United Methodist Church ca. 1900

Internal Rating: ______

WEST VIRGINIA HISTORIC PROPERTY INVENTORY FORM

Street Address Common/Historic Name/Both Field Survey # Site # (SHPO Only) X O O

HM-1416 24 Rickie Davy Lane Commercial Building Town or Community County Negative No. NR Listed Date

Capon Bridge Hampshire

Architect/Builder Date of Construction Style unknown ca. 1890 Vernacular

Exterior Siding/Materials Roofing Material Foundation

Sheet metal Standing seam metal Wood posts

Property Use or Function UTM# Residence O 17N Commercial X 721249E Other O 4352929N

Survey Organization & Date Quadrangle Name TRC Environmental Corp. Capon Bridge June 2016 Part of What Survey/FR#

Sketch Map of Property Or Attach Copy of USGS Map

No. Site

Present Owners Owners Mailing Address

N/A

Phone # Describe Setting _____1______Acres The commercial building is located just to the east of the Capon Bridge off U.S. Route 50 on Ricky Davy lane, which parallels U.S. Route 50 before turning south. _____ Archaeological Artifacts Present

Description of Building or Site (Original and Present) _____1____Stories ____3____Front Bays The one-and-one-half-story, three-bay, wood-frame commercial building is set on high posts. The front-gable roof has wide eaves with wood cornice and is covered in standing seam metal. The double-leaf entrance is located on the west side of the façade. Two storefront windows are positioned to east of the door. The door and windows are sheltered by a full length porch supported by battered posts on wood bases. The gable area above the porch is filled with hexagonal slate shingles and pierced by a wooden louvered grill. The three- bay side elevations are clad in sheet metal. (Use Continuation Sheets) Alterations If yes, describe

Yes No

Additions If yes, describe

Yes No

Describe All Outbuildings There are no outbuildings associated with this commercial building. (Use Continuation Sheets) Statement of Significance The commercial building is not associated with significant events or persons within the broad patterns of history on the local, state, or national level and is not eligible for the National Register under Criterion A or B. The commercial building does not embody the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction, nor is it the work of a known architect or builder, and is not eligible for the National Register under Criterion C. Eligibility under Criterion D was not investigated as part of this study. (Use Continuation Sheets) Bibliographical References

(Use Continuation Sheets) Form Prepared By: Stephanie A.T. Jacobe, Ph.D. Date: 07/21/2016

Name/Organization: TRC Environmental Corp. Address: 4425 Forbes Blvd., Suite B Lanham MD 20706

Phone #:301-276-8043

WEST VIRGINIA HISTORIC PROPERTY FORM CONTINUATION SHEET

NAME___Commercial Building______SITE#_____HM-1416______

View of east elevation of the Commercial Building looking southwest

Internal Rating: ______

WEST VIRGINIA HISTORIC PROPERTY INVENTORY FORM

Street Address Common/Historic Name/Both Field Survey # Site # (SHPO Only) X O O

Capon Bridge Community and Senior HM-1417 3223 Northwestern Pike Center

Town or Community County Negative No. NR Listed Date

Capon Bridge Hampshire

Architect/Builder Date of Construction Style unknown ca. 1890 Gothic Revival

Exterior Siding/Materials Roofing Material Foundation

Wood siding Standing seam metal Coursed ashlar

Property Use or Function UTM# Residence O 17N Commercial O 721010E Other X 4353069N

Survey Organization & Date Quadrangle Name TRC Environmental Corp. Capon Bridge June 2016 Part of What Survey/FR#

Sketch Map of Property Or Attach Copy of USGS Map

No. Site

Present Owners Owners Mailing Address

N/A

Phone # Describe Setting ______1_____ Acres The Capon Bridge Community and Senior Center is located on the south side of the corner of U.S. Route 50 and SR 15, Cold Stream Road. Dillon Run is positioned to the rear of the Center. _____ Archaeological Artifacts Present

Description of Building or Site (Original and Present) _____1_____Stories ___3____Front Bays The Capon Bridge Community and Senior Center is the former Capon Bridge Presbyterian Church built ca. 1890. The Gothic Revival Church has a centered, square steeple from which the conical top has been removed and replaced with a front gable roof. The church is set on a coursed ashlar foundation. The main block of the church is three-bay with a front-gable standing seam metal roof and is clad in wood siding. Three tall lancet windows with pointed arch, louvered shutters pierce the west elevation. The original entrance is position on an enclosed front-gable, vestibule ornamented with a verge board. The entrance is flanked by on each side by a tall lancet windows with pointed arch, louvered shutters. A four-bay, one-story addition is positioned on the east elevation. (Use Continuation Sheets) Alterations If yes, describe X The square steeple had its conical top has been removed and replaced with a front gable roof.

Yes No

Additions If yes, describe X

Yes No

Describe All Outbuildings There are no outbuildings associated with this church.

(Use Continuation Sheets) Statement of Significance The former Capon Bridge Presbyterian Church is not associated with significant events or persons within the broad patterns of history on the local, state, or national level and is not eligible for the National Register under Criterion A or B. The church has been altered and does not embody the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction, nor is it the work of a known architect or builder, and is not eligible for the National Register under Criterion C. Eligibility under Criterion D was not investigated as part of this study. (Use Continuation Sheets) Bibliographical References

(Use Continuation Sheets) Form Prepared By: Stephanie A.T. Jacobe, Ph.D. Date:07/21/2016

Name/Organization: TRC Environmental Corp. Address: 4425 Forbes Blvd., Suite B Lanham MD 20706

Phone #: 301-276-8043

WEST VIRGINIA HISTORIC PROPERTY FORM CONTINUATION SHEET

NAME_ Capon Bridge Community and Senior Center ______SITE#____HM_1417______

View of the Capon Bridge Community and Senior Center, the former Capon Bridge Presbyterian Church, looking east

View of the south elevation and coursed ashlar foundation of the former Capon Bridge Presbyterian Church

Internal Rating: ______

WEST VIRGINIA HISTORIC PROPERTY INVENTORY FORM

Street Address Common/Historic Name/Both Field Survey # Site # (SHPO Only) X O O 2987 Northwestern Pike Capon Bridge Museum HM-1418

Town or Community County Negative No. NR Listed Date Hampshire Capon Bridge

Architect/Builder Date of Construction Style unknown ca. 1890 Gothic Revival

Exterior Siding/Materials Roofing Material Foundation

Wood Standing seam metal Wood posts

Property Use or Function UTM# Residence O 17N Commercial O 721308E Other O 4352912N

Survey Organization & Date Quadrangle Name TRC Environmental Corp. Capon Bridge June 2016 Part of What Survey/FR#

Sketch Map of Property Or Attach Copy of USGS Map

No. Site

Present Owners Owners Mailing Address

N/A

Phone # Describe Setting ___>1______Acres The Capon Bridge Museum is located just off U.S. Route 50 on the east side of the Capon Bridge. It is a former commercial building now used as local history museum. _____ Archaeological Artifacts Present Description of Building or Site (Original and Present) _____1_____Stories _____3__Front Bays The one-and-one-half story ca. 1890 building is set on wood posts. The front-gable roof has a raking cornice and is covered in standing seam metal. The building is clad in a combination of wood siding and wood shingles. The wood siding is found on the side and rear elevations, while the wood shingles fill the areas of the façade in between the windows and the door. The gable area in the half story is also clad in wood siding but it is paid in a diamond pattern. The centered, single-leaf entrance door is topped by a transom. On each side of the door is a bay-window pierced by three one-over-one, wood-sash windows. A full-length, hipped-roof porch supported by chamfered posts shelters the first story of the façade. A single lancet window pierces the gable area above the porch. (Use Continuation Sheets) Alterations If yes, describe X

Yes No

Additions If yes, describe X

Yes No

Describe All Outbuildings There are no outbuildings associated with this commercial building. (Use Continuation Sheets) Statement of Significance The Capon Bridge Museum is an excellent example of a mid-to-late nineteenth century commercial building. It is not associated with significant events or persons within the broad patterns of history on the local, state, or national level and is not eligible for the National Register under Criterion A or B. The Capon Bridge Museum has integrity of materials and design. It does embody the distinctive characteristics of a its type and period and is eligible for the National Register under Criterion C. Eligibility under Criterion D was not investigated as part of this study. (Use Continuation Sheets) Bibliographical References

(Use Continuation Sheets) Form Prepared By: Stephanie A.T. Jacobe, Ph.D. Date: 07/21/2016

Name/Organization: TRC Environmental Corp.

Address: 4425 Forbes Blvd., Suite B Lanham MD 20706

Phone #: 301-276-8043

WEST VIRGINIA HISTORIC PROPERTY FORM CONTINUATION SHEET

NAME__Capon Bridge Museum ______SITE#___HM-1418______

View of the east and south elevations of the Capon Bridge Museum

Internal Rating: ______

WEST VIRGINIA HISTORIC PROPERTY INVENTORY FORM

Street Address Common/Historic Name/Both Field Survey # Site # (SHPO Only) X O O 3009-3015 Northwestern Pike House HM-1419

Town or Community County Negative No. NR Listed Date Capon Bridge Hampshire

Architect/Builder Date of Construction Style unknown ca. 1885 Vernacular

Exterior Siding/Materials Roofing Material Foundation

Wood Standing seam metal Wood posts

Property Use or Function UTM# Residence X 17N Commercial O 721291E Other O 4352909N

Survey Organization & Date Quadrangle Name TRC Environmental Corp. Capon Bridge June 2016 Part of What Survey/FR#

Sketch Map of Property Or Attach Copy of USGS Map

Site No. Site

Present Owners Owners Mailing Address

N/A

Phone # Describe Setting ______1______Acres The house is located just off U.S. Route 50 near Ricky Davy Lane. It and its one extant outbuilding is currently used as apartments. _____ Archaeological Artifacts Present

Description of Building or Site (Original and Present) ____2_____Stories ____3____Front Bays The two-story, three-bay, wood-frame dwelling is set on wood posts. The cross-gable roof is covered in standing seam metal and has a raking cornice with wide bracketed eaves. The dwelling is clad in horizontal wood siding with the siding in a diamond pattern in the gable areas on each elevation. The former primary entrance is positioned at the center of a three-part bay with one-over-one wood- sash windows piercing the other two sections of the bay. The entrance bay is flanked in each side by a two-over-two, wood-sash window. Three more two-over-two, wood-sash windows line the second story. A one-story, shed-roofed, porch supported by sloping Tuscan Columns wraps the façade and the east and west elevations. A single bay on the east side of the porch has been enclosed. Also what appear to have been a second story porch on the west elevation of the real ell has also been enclosed. (Use Continuation Sheets) Alterations If yes, describe The dwelling is currently used as apartments. A single bay on the east side of the X porch has been enclosed. Also what appear to have been a second story porch on the west elevation of the real ell has also been enclosed. Yes No

Additions If yes, describe X

Yes No

Describe All Outbuildings Located to the west of the dwelling is an outbuilding now also used as an apartment. The one-story outbuilding is set on a raised parged foundation and has an addition on the south that doubles its size. (Use Continuation Sheets) Statement of Significance The dwelling is not associated with significant events or persons within the broad patterns of history on the local, state, or national level and is not eligible for the National Register under Criterion A or B. The dwelling has been altered and is now used as apartments. It does not embody the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction, nor is it the work of a known architect or builder, and is not eligible for the National Register under Criterion C. Eligibility under Criterion D was not investigated as part of this study. (Use Continuation Sheets) Bibliographical References

(Use Continuation Sheets) Form Prepared By: Stephanie A.T. Jacobe, Ph.D. Date:07/21/2016

Name/Organization: TRC Environmental Corp. Address: 4425 Forbes Blvd., Suite B Lanham MD 20706

Phone #: 301-276-8043

WEST VIRGINIA HISTORIC PROPERTY FORM CONTINUATION SHEET

NAME__House______SITE#___HM-1419______

View of the house and outbuilding looking east

View of the outbuilding looking southwest

Internal Rating: ______

WEST VIRGINIA HISTORIC PROPERTY INVENTORY FORM

Street Address Common/Historic Name/Both Field Survey # Site # (SHPO Only) O X O 2996-3008 Northwestern Pike Frye’s Tavern HM-1420

Town or Community County Negative No. NR Listed Date Capon Bridge Hampshire

Architect/Builder Date of Construction Style unknown ca. 1800 Federal

Exterior Siding/Materials Roofing Material Foundation

Wood siding Standing seam metal Stone

Property Use or Function UTM# Residence X 17N Commercial O 721325E Other O 4352950N

Survey Organization & Date Quadrangle Name TRC Environmental Corp. Capon Bridge June 2016 Part of What Survey/FR#

Sketch Map of Property Or Attach Copy of USGS Map

No. Site

Present Owners Owners Mailing Address

N/A

Phone # Describe Setting ______3______Acres Frye’s Tavern also known as the Fort Edwards Tavern was built ca. 1800 and is positioned on the east side of the Capon Bridge. In addition to the wood posts of the former sign for the Inn and a concrete base for the front yard fencing seen in historic photos also is extant at the front of the inn. _____ Archaeological Artifacts Present Description of Building or Site (Original and Present) _____2____Stories ____10___Front Bays The four-part, two-story Frye’s Tavern building is constructed of log and wood-frame and set on a stone foundation with a partial cellar underneath. The side-gable roof is covered in standing seam metal with two rebuilt interior brick chimneys. A shed-roofed porch supported by turned balusters set into a concrete pad was added in the late nineteen or early twentieth century and lines the first story of the façade. The western most section had three-bays with a center-placed, single-leaf, wood door topped by a three-light transom. On the first story the door is flanked by a single six-over-nine, wood-sash window. The second story is pierced by two six-over-six, wood-sash windows. Proceeding east the second section has three bays with a single-leaf, wood door topped by a three-light transom on the east side and two six-over-nine, wood-sash windows on the west. Three six-over-six, wood-sash windows pierce the second story. Section three is identical to the western most section. The fourth and eastern most section has only single-leaf, wood door topped by a three-light transom on the first story and a single six-over-six, wood-sash window on the second story. (Use Continuation Sheets) Alterations If yes, describe: A shed-roofed porch supported by turned balusters set into a concrete pad was added in the late nineteen or early twentieth century and lines the first story. The standing seam metal roof is also from this same period Yes No

Additions If yes, describe: There are several other additions attached to the rear ell. X

Yes No

Describe All Outbuildings On the east side of the tavern building are two stages the first used after 1940 and the second dating to the 1970s. A machine shed is located to the northwest of the tavern. Directly to the north of the rear ell of the tavern is a one story three-bay, shed-roofed outbuilding that dates to the 1940s. (Use Continuation Sheets) Statement of Significance Frye’s Tavern is associated with this history of the Northwestern Turnpike as it was a major stop along the Turnpike for travelers throughout the nineteenth century and is eligible for the National Register under Criterion A. It is not known to be associated with significant persons on the local, state, or national level and is not eligible for the National Register under Criterion B. Frye’s Tavern is a surviving example of the early Inn and tavern from the early nineteenth century and does embody the distinctive characteristics of that period and is eligible for the National Register under Criterion C. Eligibility under Criterion D was not investigated as part of this study. (Use Continuation Sheets) Bibliographical References

(Use Continuation Sheets) Form Prepared By: Stephanie A.T. Jacobe, Ph.D. Date: 07/21/2016

Name/Organization: TRC Environmental Corp. Address: 4425 Forbes Blvd., Suite B Lanham MD 20706 Phone #: 301-276-8043

WEST VIRGINIA HISTORIC PROPERTY FORM CONTINUATION SHEET

NAME__Frye’s Tavern ______SITE#____HM-1420______

View of the façade of Frye’s tavern looking east

View of the rear ell looking west

WEST VIRGINIA HISTORIC PROPERTY FORM CONTINUATION SHEET

NAME__Frye’s Tavern ______SITE#____HM-1420______

View of the entrance to the partial root cellar on the west elevation looking north

View of the sidewalks and fence base looking south toward U. S. Route 50 WEST VIRGINIA HISTORIC PROPERTY FORM CONTINUATION SHEET

NAME__Frye’s Tavern ______SITE#____HM-1420______

View of the ca. 1940 stage located to the west of Frye’s Tavern

View of the ca. 1970 stage located to the west of Frye’s Tavern

WEST VIRGINIA HISTORIC PROPERTY FORM CONTINUATION SHEET

NAME__Frye’s Tavern ______SITE#____HM-1420______

Detail showing the cutout of a guitar on the ca. 1970 stage located to the west of Frye’s Tavern

View of the machine shed located to the northwest of Frye’s Tavern WEST VIRGINIA HISTORIC PROPERTY FORM CONTINUATION SHEET

NAME__Frye’s Tavern ______SITE#____HM-1420______

View of the outbuilding located to the north of the rear ell of Frye’s Tavern

Frye’s Tavern ca. 1900 showing the fence when it was in place and the Northwestern Turnpike

APPENDIX C: PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT LETTERS