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<I>Trichilia Emetica
https://doi.org/10.30799/jnpr.062.18040201 J. Nat. Prod. Resour. - Volume 4 Issue 2 (2018) 179–181 ISSN: 2455-0299 Share Your Innovations through JACS Directory Journal of Natural Products and Resources Visit Journal at http://www.jacsdirectory.com/jnpr Isolation and Identification of Flavonoids Components from Trichilia emetica Whole Seeds Abdullahi Usman1,2,*, Vera Thoss1, Mohammad Nur-e-Alam3 1School of Chemistry, Bangor University, Bangor LL 57 2UW, United Kingdom. 2Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, P.M.B. 1022 Keffi, Nigeria. 3Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O.Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. A R T I C L E D E T A I L S A B S T R A C T Article history: Five known flavonoids were isolated from the ethyl acetate soluble fraction of aqueous extract of T. Received 24 May 2018 emetica whole seeds. On the basis of 1D and 2D-NMR experiments and MS data analyses, these Accepted 09 June 2018 compounds were identified as naringenin (B), taxifolin 4’-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (C), elephantorrhizol Available online 13 June 2018 (D), catechin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (E) and eriodictyol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (F). DPPH radical scavenging activity was used to estimate the antioxidant capacity of each of these compounds. The result shows that elephantorrhizol has stronger DPPH scavenging activity than other isolated flavonoids. Keywords: Trichilia emetica Naringenin Elephantorrhizol 1. Introduction plates 20 × 20 cm, E. Merck, Germany). Visualization of the compound was done using UV lamp UVL-14 EL hand held 220 V 50 Hz 4 W 254 nm white The genus Trichilia belongs to the Meliaceae (Mahogany family), it light by UVP. -
2279 Knapp-Checklisttag.Indd
A peer-reviewed open-access journal PhytoKeys 9: 15–179Checklist (2012) of vascular plants of the Department of Ñeembucú, Paraguay 15 doi: 10.3897/phytokeys.9.2279 CHECKLIST www.phytokeys.com Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Checklist of vascular plants of the Department of Ñeembucú, Paraguay Juana De Egea1,2, Maria Peña-Chocarro1, Cristina Espada1, Sandra Knapp1 1 Department of Botany, Th e Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom 2 Wildlife Conservation Society Paraguay, Capitán Benitez Vera 610, Asunción, Paraguay Corresponding author: S. Knapp ([email protected]) Academic editor: Susanne Renner | Received 25 October 2011 | Accepted 6 January 2012 | Published 30 January 2012 Citation: De Egea J, Peña-Chocarro M, Espada C, Knapp S (2012) Checklist of vascular plants of the Department of Ñeembucú, Paraguay. PhytoKeys 9: 15–179. doi: 10.3897/phytokeys.9.2279 Abstract Th e Department of Ñeembucú is one of the least well-documented areas of eastern Paraguay, and the fl ora is composed of a mixture of forest and Chaco elements. Regions like Ñeembucú are often considered of lower diversity and interest that more forested regions; this results from both actual species richness fi gures and from under-collecting due to perception as uninteresting. We present here a checklist of the vascular plants of Ñeembucú, which includes 676 taxa (including infraspecifi c taxa and collections identifi ed only to genus) in 100 families and 374 genera. Four hundred and thirty nine (439) of these are new records for Ñeembucú and of these, 4 are new published records for Paraguay. -
EFFECTS of FUNGICIDES on ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI and PHOTOSYNTHESIS in SEEDLINGS of a TROPICAL TREE, Guarea Guidonia (Meliaceae)
Acta Biológica Colombiana, Vol. 10 No. 2, 2005 41 EFFECTS OF FUNGICIDES ON ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI AND PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN SEEDLINGS OF A TROPICAL TREE, Guarea guidonia (Meliaceae) El efecto de fungicidas sobre los hongos endófitos y la fotosíntesis en plántulas de un árbol tropical, Guarea guidonia (Meliaceae) MIGUEL A. GAMBOA GAITÁN1, SHIYUN WEN2, NED FETCHER3, PAUL BAYMAN Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan Puerto Rico, USA 1Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá. 2Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, USA. 3Department of Biology, University of Scranton, Scranton, USA. Presentado febrero 21 de 2005, aceptado abril 18 de 2005, correcciones mayo 25 de 2005. ABSTRACT Endophytes are microorganisms that live within healthy plant tissues, and include fungi and bacteria. They can be mutualists, comensals or even latent pathogens. Presence of these endosymbionts may affect host physiology, for example by consuming products of photosynthesis (endophytes are heterotrophs) or producing toxic metabolites. In this work two fungicides were used to eliminate fungal endophytes from seedlings of Guarea guidonia. Light-saturated photosynthesis (Amax) was measured in endophyte-free plants and compared with control plants. Each fungicide killed different fungal endosymbionts. Phomopsis was more susceptible to benomyl while Colletotrichum was more susceptible to propiconazole. Although suggestive, values of Amax were not significantly different for each treatment compared with control plants. No prediction can be made at this point about the final outcome of a given plant- endophytic fungi interaction. Key words: endophytes, tropics, photosynthesis, fungicides, Guarea. RESUMEN Numerosos microorganismos viven asintomáticamente en las plantas, hallándose en todos los órganos y tejidos en los que han sido buscados. -
Volume Ii Tomo Ii Diagnosis Biotic Environmen
Pöyry Tecnologia Ltda. Av. Alfredo Egídio de Souza Aranha, 100 Bloco B - 5° andar 04726-170 São Paulo - SP BRASIL Tel. +55 11 3472 6955 Fax +55 11 3472 6980 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT E-mail: [email protected] STUDY (EIA-RIMA) Date 19.10.2018 N° Reference 109000573-001-0000-E-1501 Page 1 LD Celulose S.A. Dissolving pulp mill in Indianópolis and Araguari, Minas Gerais VOLUME II – ENVIRONMENTAL DIAGNOSIS TOMO II – BIOTIC ENVIRONMENT Content Annex Distribution LD Celulose S.A. E PÖYRY - Orig. 19/10/18 –hbo 19/10/18 – bvv 19/10/18 – hfw 19/10/18 – hfw Para informação Rev. Data/Autor Data/Verificado Data/Aprovado Data/Autorizado Observações 109000573-001-0000-E-1501 2 SUMARY 8.3 Biotic Environment ................................................................................................................ 8 8.3.1 Objective .................................................................................................................... 8 8.3.2 Studied Area ............................................................................................................... 9 8.3.3 Regional Context ...................................................................................................... 10 8.3.4 Terrestrian Flora and Fauna....................................................................................... 15 8.3.5 Aquatic fauna .......................................................................................................... 167 8.3.6 Conservation Units (UC) and Priority Areas for Biodiversity Conservation (APCB) 219 8.3.7 -
Redalyc.EFFECTS of FUNGICIDES on ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI AND
Acta Biológica Colombiana ISSN: 0120-548X [email protected] Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Bogotá Colombia GAMBOA GAITÁN, MIGUEL A.; WEN, SHIYUN; FETCHER, NED; BAYMAN, PAUL EFFECTS OF FUNGICIDES ON ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI AND PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN SEEDLINGS OF A TROPICAL TREE, Guarea guidonia (Meliaceae) Acta Biológica Colombiana, vol. 10, núm. 2, 2005, pp. 41-47 Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Bogotá Bogotá, Colombia Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=319028577006 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Acta Biológica Colombiana, Vol. 10 No. 2, 2005 41 EFFECTS OF FUNGICIDES ON ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI AND PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN SEEDLINGS OF A TROPICAL TREE, Guarea guidonia (Meliaceae) El efecto de fungicidas sobre los hongos endófitos y la fotosíntesis en plántulas de un árbol tropical, Guarea guidonia (Meliaceae) MIGUEL A. GAMBOA GAITÁN1, SHIYUN WEN2, NED FETCHER3, PAUL BAYMAN Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan Puerto Rico, USA 1Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá. 2Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, USA. 3Department of Biology, University of Scranton, Scranton, USA. Presentado febrero 21 de 2005, aceptado abril 18 de 2005, correcciones mayo 25 de 2005. ABSTRACT Endophytes are microorganisms that live within healthy plant tissues, and include fungi and bacteria. They can be mutualists, comensals or even latent pathogens. Presence of these endosymbionts may affect host physiology, for example by consuming products of photosynthesis (endophytes are heterotrophs) or producing toxic metabolites. -
Lowland Vegetation of Tropical South America -- an Overview
Lowland Vegetation of Tropical South America -- An Overview Douglas C. Daly John D. Mitchell The New York Botanical Garden [modified from this reference:] Daly, D. C. & J. D. Mitchell 2000. Lowland vegetation of tropical South America -- an overview. Pages 391-454. In: D. Lentz, ed. Imperfect Balance: Landscape Transformations in the pre-Columbian Americas. Columbia University Press, New York. 1 Contents Introduction Observations on vegetation classification Folk classifications Humid forests Introduction Structure Conditions that suppport moist forests Formations and how to define them Inclusions and archipelagos Trends and patterns of diversity in humid forests Transitions Floodplain forests River types Other inundated forests Phytochoria: Chocó Magdalena/NW Caribbean Coast (mosaic type) Venezuelan Guayana/Guayana Highland Guianas-Eastern Amazonia Amazonia (remainder) Southern Amazonia Transitions Atlantic Forest Complex Tropical Dry Forests Introduction Phytochoria: Coastal Cordillera of Venezuela Caatinga Chaco Chaquenian vegetation Non-Chaquenian vegetation Transitional vegetation Southern Brazilian Region Savannas Introduction Phytochoria: Cerrado Llanos of Venezuela and Colombia Roraima-Rupununi savanna region Llanos de Moxos (mosaic type) Pantanal (mosaic type) 2 Campo rupestre Conclusions Acknowledgments Literature Cited 3 Introduction Tropical lowland South America boasts a diversity of vegetation cover as impressive -- and often as bewildering -- as its diversity of plant species. In this chapter, we attempt to describe the major types of vegetation cover in this vast region as they occurred in pre- Columbian times and outline the conditions that support them. Examining the large-scale phytogeographic regions characterized by each major cover type (see Fig. I), we provide basic information on geology, geological history, topography, and climate; describe variants of physiognomy (vegetation structure) and geography; discuss transitions; and examine some floristic patterns and affinities within and among these regions. -
PARTV the VEGETATION MAP of CUBA Paklv the Vegetation Map of Cuba 22 the Main Vegetation Types of Cuba
PARTV THE VEGETATION MAP OF CUBA PAKlV The vegetation map of Cuba 22 The main vegetation types of Cuba . 389 22.1 Rainforests . 389 22.1.1 Submontane rainforests (Calophyllo- Carapetum guianensis) . 389 22.1.2 Wetmontanerainforests (Ocoteo-Magnolietalia) ..................... 392 22.1.3 Semi-arid montane serpentine rainforests (Podocarpo-Sloanetalia) .. , 396 • 22.1.4 Cloudforests or mossy forests (Weinmannio-Cyrilletalia) . 398 22.1.5 Semi-arid montane serpentine shrubwoods (Clusio-llicetalia) 400 22.1.6 Elfin thickets (Jlici-Myricion cacuminis) ............................... 402 22.2 Seasonal evergreen forests or seasonal rainforests . 404 22.2.1 Lowland seasonal rainforests . 404 22.2.2 Submontane seasonalrainforests (Oxandro-Dipholietum) ............ 405 22.3 Semi-deciduous forests . 410 ~ 22.3.1 Semi-deciduous mesophytic forests (Oxandro-Burseretalia) . 410 22.3.2 Semi-deciduous xerophytic forests . .. .. 415 22.4 Tropical karstic forests . 416 22.4.1 Species rich karstic forests of western Cuba (Spathelio-Gaussion) 417 ,..~ 22.4.2 Species poor karstic forests of western Cuba (Thrinacion morrisii) . 418 22.4.3 Karstic forests of eastern Cuba (Tabebuio-Coccothrinacion) 418 22.4.4 Montane karstic forests (Tabebuio-Garryetum) .......... : . 419 22.5 Dry forests and shrubwoods . .. 419 22.5.1 Dry evergreen forests (Eugenio-Metopietalia toxiferi) ................. 420 22.5.2 Dry, thorny limestone shrubwoods ( Lantano-Cordietalia) . 423 22.5.3 Dry lowland serpentine shrubwoods (Phyllantho-Neobracetalia) ....... ·425 22.5.4 Semi-dry lowland serpentine shrublands (Ariadno-Phyllanthetalia) ..... 426 22.6 Semi-desert cactus scrubs (Consoleo-Ritterocereion hystricis) ................... 427 22. 7 Coniferous forests . 431 22. 7 .1 Pinus tropicalis forests on sand (Acoelorrapho- Pinion tropicalis) 431 22.7.2 Pinus caribaea and mixed oak-pine forests on slatey rocks (Pachyantho- Pinion caribaeae) .............................................................. -
Iheringia, Série Botânica, Porto Alegre, 73(Supl.):301-307, 15 De Março De 2018
Iheringia Série Botânica Museu de Ciências Naturais ISSN ON-LINE 2446-8231 Fundação Zoobotânica do Rio Grande do Sul Check-list de Picramniales e Sapindales (exceto Sapindaceae) do estado de Mato Grosso do Sul José Rubens Pirani & Cíntia Luíza da Silva-Luz Universidade de São Paulo. Instituto de Biociências, Rua do Matão 277, Cidade Universitária, CEP 05508-090, São Paulo, SP. [email protected] Recebido em 27.IX.2014 Aceito em 06.IX.2016 DOI 10.21826/2446-8231201873s301 RESUMO – As listas de espécies de Picramniales e Sapindales (exceto Sapindaceae) ocorrentes no Mato Grosso do Sul foram compiladas com base em monografi as, fl oras e revisões taxonômicas publicadas, e dados da Lista de Espécies do Brasil e dos acervos de vários herbários. Os seguintes números de espécies foram reportados em cada família: Picramniaceae (duas spp.), Anacardiaceae (15 spp.); Burseraceae (quatro spp.), Meliaceae (15 spp.), Rutaceae (22 spp.), Simaroubaceae (cinco spp.). Cada táxon é acompanhado de citação de um voucher e dos domínios e habitats em que ocorre no Mato Grosso do Sul. Palavras-chave: Anacardiaceae, Burseraceae, Meliaceae, Rutaceae, Simaroubaceae. ABSTRACT – Checklist of Picramniales and Sapindales (excluding Sapindaceae) from the state of Mato Grosso do Sul. This compilation of species of Picramniales and Sapindales (except Sapindaceae) occurring in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, is based on data from monographs, fl oras and taxonomic revisions, from the Lista de Espécies do Brasil, and from several herbaria. The following numbers of species were reported for each family: Picramniaceae (two spp.), Anacardiaceae (15 spp.), Burseraceae (four spp.), Meliaceae (15 spp.), Rutaceae (22 spp.) Simaroubaceae (fi ve spp.). -
Valmorbida J Dr Botfca.Pdf (637.7Kb)
UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL PAULISTA “JULIO DE MESQUITA FILHO” FACULDADE DE CIÊNCIAS AGRONÔMICAS CAMPUS DE BOTUCATU PROPAGAÇÃO DA ESPÉCIE Trichilia catigua A. JUSS (CATIGUÁ) JANICE VALMORBIDA Tese apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas da UNESP – Campus de Botucatu, para obtenção do título de Doutor em Agronomia – (Horticultura) BOTUCATU – SP MAIO – 2007 UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL PAULISTA “JULIO DE MESQUITA FILHO” FACULDADE DE CIÊNCIAS AGRONÔMICAS CAMPUS DE BOTUCATU PROPAGAÇÃO DA ESPÉCIE Trichilia catigua A. JUSS (CATIGUÁ) JANICE VALMORBIDA Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Carmen Sílvia Fernandes Boaro Tese apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas da UNESP – Campus de Botucatu, para obtenção do título de Doutor em Agronomia – (Horticultura) BOTUCATU – SP MAIO – 2007 FICHA CATALOGRÁFICA ELABORADA PELA SEÇÃO TÉCNICA DE AQUISIÇÃO E TRATA- MENTO DA INFORMAÇÃO – SERVIÇO TÉCNICO DE BIBLIOTECA E DOCUMENTAÇÃO UNESP - FCA - LAGEADO - BOTUCATU (SP) Valmorbida, Janice, 1968- V196p Propagação da espécie Trichilia catigua A.Juss (Cati- gua) / Janice Valmorbida. - Botucatu : [s.n.], 2007. xviii, 91 f. : il. color., gráfs., tabs. Tese (Doutorado)-Universidade Estadual Paulista, Facul- dade de Ciências Agronômicas, Botucatu, 2007 Orientador: Carmen Sílvia Fernandes Boaro Inclui bibliografia. 1. Plantas – Propagação in vitro. 2. Plantas lenhosas. 3. Germinação. 4. Trichilia catigua. 5. Plantas medicinais. I. Boaro, Carmen Sílvia Fernandes. II. Universidade Esta- dual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (Campus de Botuca- tu). Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas. III. Título. Dedico A quem riu, chorou, se emocionou, trabalhou e se dedicou em cada dia do meu doutorado, sempre junto, confiante e incansável. Meu grande e sempre amor, André Thaler Neto. Agradecimentos A Deus, pela vida, pelas bênçãos de cada dia e pela certeza de sua presença em cada instante, em cada lugar onde se possa ver o céu azul. -
Biogeography and Ecology in a Pantropical Family, the Meliaceae
Gardens’ Bulletin Singapore 71(Suppl. 2):335-461. 2019 335 doi: 10.26492/gbs71(suppl. 2).2019-22 Biogeography and ecology in a pantropical family, the Meliaceae M. Heads Buffalo Museum of Science, 1020 Humboldt Parkway, Buffalo, NY 14211-1293, USA. [email protected] ABSTRACT. This paper reviews the biogeography and ecology of the family Meliaceae and maps many of the clades. Recently published molecular phylogenies are used as a framework to interpret distributional and ecological data. The sections on distribution concentrate on allopatry, on areas of overlap among clades, and on centres of diversity. The sections on ecology focus on populations of the family that are not in typical, dry-ground, lowland rain forest, for example, in and around mangrove forest, in peat swamp and other kinds of freshwater swamp forest, on limestone, and in open vegetation such as savanna woodland. Information on the altitudinal range of the genera is presented, and brief notes on architecture are also given. The paper considers the relationship between the distribution and ecology of the taxa, and the interpretation of the fossil record of the family, along with its significance for biogeographic studies. Finally, the paper discusses whether the evolution of Meliaceae can be attributed to ‘radiations’ from restricted centres of origin into new morphological, geographical and ecological space, or whether it is better explained by phases of vicariance in widespread ancestors, alternating with phases of range expansion. Keywords. Altitude, limestone, mangrove, rain forest, savanna, swamp forest, tropics, vicariance Introduction The family Meliaceae is well known for its high-quality timbers, especially mahogany (Swietenia Jacq.). -
Plant DNA Barcodes and a Community Phylogeny of a Tropical Forest Dynamics Plot in Panama
Plant DNA barcodes and a community phylogeny of a tropical forest dynamics plot in Panama W. John Kressa,1, David L. Ericksona, F. Andrew Jonesb,c, Nathan G. Swensond, Rolando Perezb, Oris Sanjurb, and Eldredge Berminghamb aDepartment of Botany, MRC-166, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, P.O. Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013-7012; bSmithsonian Tropical Research Institute, P.O. Box 0843-03092, Balboa Anco´n, Republic of Panama´; cImperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, United Kingdom; and dCenter for Tropical Forest Science - Asia Program, Harvard University Herbaria, 22 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138 Communicated by Daniel H. Janzen, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, September 3, 2009 (received for review May 13, 2009) The assembly of DNA barcode libraries is particularly relevant pling: the conserved coding locus will easily align over all taxa within species-rich natural communities for which accurate species in a community sample to establish deep phylogenetic branches identifications will enable detailed ecological forensic studies. In whereas the hypervariable region of the DNA barcode will align addition, well-resolved molecular phylogenies derived from these more easily within nested subsets of closely related species and DNA barcode sequences have the potential to improve investiga- permit relationships to be inferred among the terminal branches tions of the mechanisms underlying community assembly and of the tree. functional trait evolution. To date, no studies have effectively In this respect a supermatrix design (8, 9) is ideal for using a applied DNA barcodes sensu strictu in this manner. In this report, mixture of coding genes and intergenic spacers for phylogenetic we demonstrate that a three-locus DNA barcode when applied to reconstruction across the broadest evolutionary distances, as in 296 species of woody trees, shrubs, and palms found within the the construction of community phylogenies (10). -
Preliminary Notes on the Phytogeography of the Osa Peninsula, Costa Rica Xavier Cornejo , Scott A. Mori , Reinaldo Aguilar
Preliminary Notes on the Phytogeography of the Osa Peninsula, Costa Rica Xavier Cornejo1, Scott A. Mori1, Reinaldo Aguilar2, Hannah Stevens3, and Francine Douwes3 1Institute of Systematic Botany, The New York Botanical Garden, 200th St. and Kazimiroff Blvd., Bronx, NY 10458-5126, U. S. A. 2 Los Charcos de Osa, Apdo. # 76-8203, Península de Osa, Costa Rica. 3GIS Laboratory, The New York Botanical Garden, 200th St. and Kazimiroff Blvd., Bronx, NY 10458-5126, U. S.A. Abstract A phytogeographic analysis of the distributions of 455 species of trees in 16 families revealed that 4.6% of the species are endemic to the Osa Peninsula and the adjacent mainland. However, nearly one-fourth of the species may be regionally endemic to Central-South Mesoamerica (Costa Rica, Nicaragua, and Panama). Our sample suggests that 54.7% of the species occur in some part of Mesoamerica and sometimes range into northwestern South America and that 45.3% of the species have wide distributions throughout tropical America. There is a strong affinity with the flora of northwestern South America with 50.2% of the species on the Osa also found there. In addition, 49.7% of the species on the Osa occur on both the Atlantic and Pacific slopes of Central America or, if they reach South America, are sometimes found on both sides of the Andes. Major contributions to the tree flora of the Osa have been made by species arriving in the Osa by 1) dispersal from South and North America to islands in proto Central America before the formation of a dry-land connection between the two continents and 2) migration from South America and North America after the closure of the Panamanian isthmus was made.