DROUGHT, RURAL WATER SUPPLY,

;ATK>N AND EMERGENCY NEEDS — rUK HtAL I H~PRÒ|fCT IN t !MT::-;^AT!0NAL REFERENCE CENTRE Operated by CDM and Associates FOR OÜMÍ/.UN1TY WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION (IRC) Sponsored by the U.S. Agency for International Development

1611 N. Kent Street, Room 1002 Arlington, VA 22209-2111 USA Telephone: (703) 243-8200 t Telex No. WUI 64552 Cable Address WASHAID WASH FIELD REPORT NO. 229

FEBRUARY 1988

Prepared for the USAID Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance and the USAID Mission in Botswana WASH Activity No. 428 zt8 WASH Field Report No. 229

DROUGHT, RURAL WATER SUPPLY, AND EMERGENCY NEEDS IN BOTSWANA

Prepared for the USAID Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance and the USAID Mission in Botswana under WASH Activity No. 428

LIBRARY, INTERNATIONAL PoFERtr!' ;h ; O\T.K¡'R:: ror: ••-..•VMV^ÍVY WATER SUPPLY I AKO :v v. ;r,v:":,-..; -.¡-ÍO) ! P.O. b;,:. :,:;•'., 2Í..09 AD Tte Hague by To!. (070) 314? ]] tiKt 141/142 Ralph E. Preble and Jonathan Hodgkin

February 1988

Water »nd S»nit«tion for Haalth Project Contract No. 5942-C-00-4085-00, Project No. 936-S942 is sponsored by the Office of Health, Bureau for Science and Technology U.S. Agency for International Development Washington, DC 20523 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER Page

ACRONYMS v

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY vii

1. INTRODUCTION 1

9 1.1 Response to Assistance Request 1 1.2 Scope of Work 1 1.3 Initial Team Activities 2 1.4 Overview of Report 2

_ 2. BACKGROUND 3

2.1 Geographic Location and Topography 3 2.2 Climate 3 2.3 Administration 3 2.4 Population and Social Structure 4 2.5 The Economy 4 • 2.6 Geology 5 2.7 Hydrogeology and Water Resources 5

3. EXISTING EMERGENCY SITUATION 19

* 3.1 Drought Description 19 3.2 Drought Effects on Humans and Animals 21 3.2.1 Human Suffering 21 3.2.2 Wildlife Mortality 22 3.2.3 Livestock Mortality 23 3.3 Current Drought Relief Efforts 23 0 3.4 Planned Drought Relief Efforts 24

4. OVERVIEW OF WATER SECTOR INSTITUTIONS 27

4.1 Government Ministries 27 4.1.1 Ministry of Mineral Resources and Water Affairs 27 9 4.1.2 Ministry of Local Government and Lands 29 4.1.3 Other Ministries 29 4.2 Multilateral donors 30 4.2.1 SIDA 30 4.2.2 EEC 31 4.2.3 Other Donors 31 f

- i - t TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued)

CHAPTER Page

4.3 Non-Governmental Organizations 31 4.4 Private Sector Capability 32

5. ASSESSMENT OF GOVERNMENT CAPABILITY 33

5.1 Department of Vater Affairs 33 5.1.1 Staffing 33 5.1.2 Drilling Equipment Performance 34 5.1.3 Condition - DWA Drilling and Associated Equipment .. 34 5.1.4 Request by Director of DWA for Assistance in Rehabilitating Drilling Equipment 36 5.1.5 Design, Installation and Maintenance 37 5.1.6 Water Transport 37 5.1.7 Planning 37 5.2 District Council WMUs 38 5.2.1 Staff 38 5.2.2 Operation and Maintenance 38 5.2.3 Water Transport 39 5.2.4 Planning 39

6. RECOMMENDATIONS 41

6.1 Recommendations on DWA Requests and Problem Areas 41 6.1.1 Recondition 4 Rotary Drilling Rigs 41 6.1.2 Training for Batsvana Mechanics 42 6.1.3 Additional Training for Batsvana Drillers 42 6.1.4 Flush Joint Well Casing 43 6.1.5 Drilling Bits and Fishing Tools 43 6.1.6 Expatriate Borehole Drilling Supervisors in Field Operations 44 6.1.7 Assistance to Organize Stores 44 6.1.8 Assistance in Solving Transport Problems 44 6.1.9 Assistance with Electrical Maintenance and Repair .. 44 6.1.10 Provision of Short-Term Planning Assistance to the Director of DWA and the Groundwater Division ... 45 6.2 Recommendations on Requests from the MLGL Water Engineer ... 45 6.2.1 Provision of Short-Term Technical and Planning Assistance to MLGL's Water Engineer 45 6.3 Recommendations on District Council Requests 46 6.3.1 Provision of Drilled Wells to Remote Settlements in North-West District 46 6.4 Summary of Recommended Activities 47 6.5 Implementation of Recommendations 47

PHOTOGRAPHS 49

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