ISSN 0962-8436 | Volume 373 | Issue 1753 | 19 August 2018 Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B | R. Soc. B Phil. Trans. The Royal Society is a self-governing Fellowship of many of the world’s most distinguished scientists drawn from all areas of science, engineering, and 373 Volume medicine. The Society’s fundamental purpose, as it has been since its foundation in 1660, is to recognise, promote, and support excellence in science and to | encourage the development and use of science for the benefi t of humanity. Issue 1753 Interdisciplinary approaches for uncovering the impacts of architecture on collective behaviour The Society’s strategic priorities emphasise its Theme issue compiled and edited by Noa Pinter-Wollman, Stephen M. Fiore, Guy Theraulaz and Alan Penn commitment to the highest quality science, to | curiosity-driven research, and to the development 2018 19 August and use of science for the benefi t of society. These priorities are: • Promoting science and its benefi ts • Recognising excellence in science • Supporting outstanding science Interdisciplinary approaches for uncovering the impacts of architecture on collective behaviour • Providing scientifi c advice for policy • Fostering international and global cooperation • Education and public engagement For further information on the Royal Society The Royal Society 6 – 9 Carlton House Terrace London SW1Y 5AG T +44 20 7451 2500 W royalsociety.org For further information on Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B T +44 20 7451 2602 E [email protected] W rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org 0962-8436(20180819)373:1753 ISBN: 978-1-78252-338-3 ISSN 0962-8436 The Royal Society Registered Charity No 207043 RRSTB_373_1753_Cover.inddSTB_373_1753_Cover.indd 22-4-4 221/06/181/06/18 77:51:51 PPMM Volume 373 | Issue 1753 | 19 August 2018 Contents Theme issue: Interdisciplinary approaches for uncovering the impacts of architecture on collective behaviour Article ID Article ID INTRODUCTION Exploring nest structures of acorn dwelling ants with X-ray microtomography and surface-based three-dimensional Interdisciplinary approaches for uncovering the impacts of visibility graph analysis architecture on collective behaviour T Varoudis, AG Swenson, SD Kirkton and JS Waters 20170237 N Pinter-Wollman, A Penn, G Theraulaz and 20170232 SM Fiore The non-additive effects of body size on nest architecture in a polymorphic ant CL Kwapich, G Valentini and B Ho¨lldobler 20170235 ARTICLES Architecture, space and information in constructions built Visualizing aggregate movement in cities by humans and social insects: a conceptual review M Batty 20170236 T Ireland and S Garnier 20170244 The impact of the ‘open’ workspace on human collaboration The impact of the built environment on health behaviours and disease transmission in social systems ES Bernstein and S Turban 20170239 N Pinter-Wollman, A Jelic´ and NM Wells 20170245 Predicting collective behaviour at the Hajj: place, space and the process of cooperation The architecture of network collective intelligence: correlations between social network structure, spatial H Alnabulsi, J Drury and A Templeton 20170240 layout and prestige outcomes in an office F Kabo 20170238 Can we identify general architectural principles that impact the collective behaviour of both human and animal systems? Split between two worlds: automated sensing reveals links between above- and belowground social networks in A Penn and JS Turner 20180253 a free-living mammal JE Smith, DA Gamboa, JM Spencer, SJ Travenick, 20170249 CA Ortiz, RD Hunter and A Sih Interdisciplinary approaches for uncovering the impacts of architecture rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org on collective behaviour Noa Pinter-Wollman1, Alan Penn2, Guy Theraulaz3 and Stephen M. Fiore4 1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, Introduction USA 2The Bartlett Faculty of the Built Environment, University College London, London WC1H 0QB, UK Cite this article: Pinter-Wollman N, Penn A, 3Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale, Centre de Biologie Inte´grative, CNRS, Universite´ de Toulouse, Theraulaz G, Fiore SM. 2018 Interdisciplinary 31062 Toulouse, France approaches for uncovering the impacts of 4Department of Philosophy and the Institute for Simulation and Training, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826, USA architecture on collective behaviour. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 373: 20170232. NP-W, 0000-0002-0448-8037; AP, 0000-0003-3793-8134; GT, 0000-0002-3062-4215 http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2017.0232 Built structures, such as animal nests or buildings that humans occupy, serve two overarching purposes: shelter and a space where individuals interact. Accepted: 1 June 2018 The former has dominated much of the discussion in the literature. But, as the study of collective behaviour expands, it is time to elucidate the role One contribution of 11 to a theme issue of the built environment in shaping collective outcomes. Collective behav- iour in social animals emerges from interactions, and collective cognition ‘Interdisciplinary approaches for uncovering the in humans emerges from communication and coordination. These collective impacts of architecture on collective behaviour’. actions have vast economic implications in human societies and critical fitness consequences in animal systems. Despite the obvious influence of Subject Areas: space on interactions, because spatial proximity is necessary for an inter- behaviour, ecology, cognition action to occur, spatial constraints are rarely considered in studies of collective behaviour or collective cognition. An interdisciplinary exchange between behavioural ecologists, evolutionary biologists, cognitive scientists, Keywords: social scientists, architects and engineers can facilitate a productive exchange collective behaviour, team cognition, of ideas, methods and theory that could lead us to uncover unifying prin- architecture, nest, network science, ciples and novel research approaches and questions in studies of animal space syntax and human collective behaviour. This article, along with those in this theme issue aims to formalize and catalyse this interdisciplinary exchange. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Interdisciplinary approaches for Author for correspondence: uncovering the impacts of architecture on collective behaviour’. Noa Pinter-Wollman e-mail: [email protected] 1. Introduction Recently, multiple disciplines have separately begun to study how physical structures influence interactions among individuals and the emergent collective outcomes. For example, research in biology on social insects has begun to exam- ine how nest architecture influences the collective behaviour of colonies [1]; research in social and cognitive sciences on humans has begun to investigate how buildings or environmental factors can alter social behaviour [2], collabor- ation [3] and other psychological factors [4]. Despite conceptual similarities among these fields, that is, theorizing on how the built environment may shape interactions and hence the resulting collective behaviours, there has been little, if any, interdisciplinary communication among these research com- munities. This theme issue brings these fields together to develop a new form of team science [5] and help shape future interdisciplinary research.1 By bringing together a wide range of research disciplines and professions—from biology, physics, social science and architecture—we are better able to pose interdisci- plinary questions and identify gaps to create interdisciplinary bridges. These articles illustrate how collaborative problem solving around complex scientific and societal problems can be advanced through teamwork [6]. Further, the methods and theories integrated in this theme issue point us towards & 2018 The Author(s) Published by the Royal Society. All rights reserved. innovations that can advance our understanding of how to (i) Extracting spatial attributes 2 study these forms of complex collaborations (cf. [7]). Architects design the built environments that humans rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org The contributions to this theme issue illustrate methodo- occupy, meaning that blueprints and other such represen- logical advances, and implementation of methods to tations (e.g. diagrams and sketches) can be used to capture real-world problems through empirical studies and reviews the spatial attributes in the built environment. However, of the literature. In this introduction, we first review when examining the built structures that animals produce, methodological approaches from biology, physics and archi- there is no blue print with which to work. To address this, tecture to establish a common corpus of methods that will researchers are required to extract the spatial structure enable interdisciplinary work on the effects of the built through ‘reverse engineering’. The structure of nests that ani- environment on collective behaviour, as some of the papers mals excavate can be extracted by pouring into the ground in this theme issue have begun to do. We then outline the plaster, wax, various metals, such as zinc and aluminium structure of the theme issue and highlight the findings of [12], concrete and expanding foam [13]. These materials pro- Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B the contributed papers. To bring together the methodological duce casts of the cavities that animals excavated, which can approaches and insights from the contributed papers, we then be digitized or quantified manually. Another method conclude with a set