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Vårt Svenska Kulturarv En Diskursanalys Av Sverigedemokraternas Syn På Kulturarvs- Begreppet I Relation Till Den Hegemoniska Kulturarvsdiskursen

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Vårt Svenska Kulturarv En Diskursanalys Av Sverigedemokraternas Syn På Kulturarvs- Begreppet I Relation Till Den Hegemoniska Kulturarvsdiskursen Vårt svenska kulturarv En diskursanalys av Sverigedemokraternas syn på kulturarvs- begreppet i relation till den hegemoniska kulturarvsdiskursen Elias Hall Institutionen för ABM Uppsatser inom musei- & kulturarvsvetenskap ISSN 1651-6079 Masteruppsats, 30 högskolepoäng, 2016, nr 105 Författare/Author Elias Hall Svensk titel Vårt svenska kulturarv: En diskursanalys av Sverigedemokraternas syn på kulturarvsbegreppet i relation till den hegemoniska kulturarvsdiskursen. English Title Our Swedish Heritage: A Discourse Analysis of the Sweden Democrats’ View on the Concept of Cultural Heri- tage, in Relation to the Hegemonic Cultural Heritage Discourse. Handledare/Supervisor Paul Agnidakis Abstract The main purpose of this thesis is to gain insight to, and widened knowledge about, the contemporary nationalis- tic movement in Sweden, represented by the Sweden Democrats, and its’ relation to cultural heritage. The party has made cultural heritage the main focal of their culture politic, but the questions are what cultural heritage is to them, what content they read in to the concept, how they value heritage, what sort of heritage policies they want to pursue, and why. And also what sort of sources and expertise that are invoked by the party. The source mate- rial, consisting of transcripts from parliamentary debates, motions, and policy documents from the party’s web page, is processed through a discourse analytic method. An important theoretical starting point is that to define a term is to define the thing itself, and that this is an expression of power, especially when it comes to a parliamen- tary party. The second purpose is to problematize and discuss the concept of heritage on a meta level by comparing the results from the empirical study with earlier research that explores the hegemonic heritage discourse. The main findings are that the Sweden Democrats, like many of their peers around Europe, want to use cul- tural heritage to create unity and a common national identity – a mono culture to replace the multi cultural para- digm they mean is prevailing in the country (and ruining it). The party has an essentialist, even positivistic, view on the content of heritage, but they never really define it thoroughly. The study also shows that most of the party’s thoughts on heritage are in line with the hegemonic heritage discourse. Some have argued that the Sweden Democrats are abusing ”the heritage”, but I would rather say that they are using it, in a way that corresponds well with the concept “cultural heritage” as it has been defined by all those involved with it (i.e. journalists, writers, scholars, policy makers, museal personnel, and the public through public debate in the press). The example of this Swedish nationalistic party, shows what the cultural heritage concept of today can be when driven to its peak. Two years master’s thesis in Museum and Cultural Heritage studies. Ämnesord Kulturarv, kulturpolitik, nationalism, diskursanalys. Key words Cultural heritage, Politics and culture, Nationalism, Discourse analysis. 2 Innehåll Inledning .............................................................................................. 5 Syfte ..................................................................................................................... 6 Tidigare forskning ................................................................................................ 7 Tidigare skrivet om Sverigedemokraterna och kulturarv ..................................... 9 Teoretiska utgångspunkter och begrepp ............................................................. 12 Kulturarv och tiden som varit ................................................................................... 13 Kulturarv – substantiv eller verb? ............................................................................ 14 Klargöranden ............................................................................................................ 16 Värde hos kulturarv .................................................................................................. 17 Kulturarvsvokabulären ............................................................................................. 17 Kulturarv och makt ................................................................................................... 18 Nationalistisk kulturpolitik ....................................................................................... 20 Källmaterial och insamlingsmetod ..................................................................... 21 Analysmetod ...................................................................................................... 24 Frågeställningar .................................................................................................. 25 Bakgrund – kulturarv och politik ....................................................................... 26 Empirisk undersökning .................................................................... 33 Vad är kulturarv för Sverigedemokraterna? ...................................................... 33 Förekomst av kulturarvsbegreppet ............................................................................ 33 Funktioner hos kulturarv ........................................................................................... 34 Numerus och innehåll ............................................................................................... 36 Mer om beståndsdelar och urvalsprocess ................................................................. 37 Nation och medborgare ............................................................................................. 39 Nordiskt kulturarv ..................................................................................................... 45 Begreppets relation till förflutenheten ...................................................................... 46 Hotat kulturarv .......................................................................................................... 47 Skillnaden mellan kulturarv och historia för Sverigedemokraterna ......................... 48 Något om kulturarv och klass ................................................................................... 50 Motsatser till kulturarv ............................................................................................. 53 Mångkulturalism ....................................................................................................... 55 Motsatsens motsats ................................................................................................... 56 Sammanfattning av vad arvet är för Sverigedemokraterna ...................................... 57 Slutdiskussion ”kulturarvets” varande ...................................................................... 58 Vad vill Sverigedemokraterna göra med kulturarv? .......................................... 63 Göra med arvet i sig .................................................................................................. 64 Annan politik att påverka med hänvisning till kulturarv .......................................... 75 Sammanfattning av vad partiet vill göra med kulturarv ........................................... 77 Slutdiskussion kulturarvspolitik ............................................................................... 78 Hur motiverar Sverigedemokraterna sina åsikter och förslag? .......................... 82 Expertis ..................................................................................................................... 82 Inspiration/förlagor ................................................................................................... 84 3 Källor i relation till vad kulturarv är ......................................................................... 85 Hur arv värderas ....................................................................................................... 86 Sammanfattning av hur partiet motiverar sina utsagor ............................................. 88 Slutdiskussion motiverande ...................................................................................... 90 Avslutande, sammanfattande diskussion ........................................ 92 Sammanfattning ................................................................................ 96 Käll- och litteraturförteckning ........................................................ 97 Litteratur ............................................................................................................. 97 Sekundärkällor ................................................................................................... 99 Primärkällor ..................................................................................................... 100 Material från riksdagens webbsida ............................................................................ 100 Material från Sverigedemokraternas webbsida ...................................................... 104 4 Inledning Kulturarv har (med varierande innehåll) länge använts i politiska syften. I begrep- pets ungdom, det svenska nationalstatsbygget under 1800-talet, utkristalliserades innehållet i samförstånd mellan politiken och akademin. Senare har det politiska respektive det akademiska uttolkandet och användandet av begreppet skiljts åt (även om ”kulturarv” sedan dess haft politiska konnotationer också i forskning- en).1 Kulturarv har fått en pånyttfödelse inom forskningen, och omskrivs och pro- blematiseras numera flitigt, men begreppet är omstritt och ter
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