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Analysis of Failure Pressures of Composite Cylinders with a Polymer Liner of Type IV CNG Vessels A

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Analysis of Failure Pressures of Composite Cylinders with a Polymer Liner of Type IV CNG Vessels A World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering Vol:7, No:1, 2013 Analysis of Failure Pressures of Composite Cylinders with a Polymer Liner of Type IV CNG Vessels A. Hocine, A. Ghouaoula, F. Kara Achira, and S.M. Medjdoub Gas storage consists of keeping the gas at room temperature Abstract—The present study deals with the analysis of the under pressure in a cylinder. The first tanks were type I, cylindrical part of a CNG storage vessel, combining a plastic entirely of metal would be too heavy for storage of CNG. liner and an over wrapped filament wound composite. Three kind of Storage cylinders for compressed natural gas (CNG) used in polymer are used in the present analysis: High density Polyethylene vehicles are pressure vessels that have been traditionally HDPE, Light low density Polyethylene LLDPE and finally blend of LLDPE/HDPE. The effect of the mechanical properties on the produced using isotropic materials, such as steel and aluminum behavior of type IV vessel may be then investigated. In the present [2]. paper, the effect of the order of the circumferential winding on the A notable improvement of this first technology is to stacking sequence may be then investigated. Based on mechanical reinforce the cylinder by filament winding composite just on considerations, the present model provides an exact solution for the cylindrical section (type II). Currently, two solutions have stresses and deformations on the cylindrical section of the given good satisfaction tanks type III metallic liner - vessel under thermo-mechanical static loading. The result show a good behavior of HDPE liner compared to the other plastic materials. composite reinforcing and type IV tanks: plastic liner - The presence of circumferential winding angle in the stacking composite reinforcement [3]. The polymer composites have improves the rigidity of vessel by improving the burst pressure. recently been introduced for that purpose [2], usually relying on the composite manufacturing technique of filament winding Keywords—CNG; Cylindrical vessel; Filament winding; Liner; (FW). The composite materials rolled on plastic liners offer Polymer; LLDPE; HDPE; Burst pressure. several advantages, including: high strength, low thermal conductivity and a non-magnetic behavior [4-5-6]. And they I. INTRODUCTION can minimise the weight, improving the aesthetic and also HE CNG is considered as one of the more promising increasing the pressure vessel mechanical, impact and Tenergy vectors of the future. It can be used as a fuel in corrosion behavior. The Compressed hydrogen storage at 350 - many applications. However, this requires several 700 bar in Type III (metal-lined) and Type IV (polymer lined) technological hurdles to be cleared, especially the one vessels has been demonstrated in a number of prototype fuel concerning its storage. Storage must offer a high degree of cell vehicles [7]. safety as well as allowing ease of use in terms of energy These are important attributes in many present and future density and dynamics of fuel storage and controlled release. industrial and non-industrial large scale applications, such as, The use of composite materials is an extremely interesting for example, liquid filters and accumulators, hydrogen cell alternative to metallic materials in the construction of vessels. storage vessels, oxygen bottles, GNC, pipe transportation, etc Indeed, these materials are characterized by their lightness, [8]. rigidity, good fatigue strength, and corrosion resistance when Velosa and al has studied a new generation of composite their components are not metallic [1]. Thin or thick walled pressure vessels, where the vessels consist on a thermoplastic tanks are widely used in several branches of engineering, such liner wrapped with a filament winding glass fibre reinforced as the storage of compressed hydrogen, liquefied and polymer HDPE liner [9]. A high density polyethylene (HDPE) compressed natural gas [1]. was selected as liner and a thermosetting resin used as matrix in the glass and carbon reinforced filament wound laminate of hydrogen vessel storage subjected to localized fire [10]. International Science Index, Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering Vol:7, No:1, 2013 waset.org/Publication/179 A. Hocine is with the Mechanical Department – Faculty of Technology; Hassiba Benbouali University of Chlef BP .151, Chlef 02000, Algeria (phone: Barboza and al. investigates the behavior under burst 00 213 27 72 17 94; fax: 00 213 27 72 17 94; e-mail: [email protected]) . pressure testing of a pressure vessel liner, produced with a A. Ghouaoula is with the Mechanical Department – Faculty of Technology; Hassiba Benbouali University of Chlef BP .151, Chlef 02000, polymer blend of 95 wt.% low linear density polyethylene Algeria (phone: 00 213 27 72 17 94; fax: 00 213 27 72 17 94; e-mail: (LLDPE) and 5 wt.% of high density polyethylene (HDPE) [email protected]). [2]. – F. Kara Achira is with the Mechanical Department Sciences and Weon and al attempts to study how the thermal ageing Technology University Oran, Algeria (e-mail: [email protected]). S. D. Medjdoub is with the Mechanical Department – Faculty of has an effect on the mechanical and thermal behaviors and to Technology; Hassiba Benbouali University of Chlef BP .151, Chlef 02000, gain fundamental understanding on the degradation mechanism Algeria (phone: 00 213 27 72 17 94; fax: 00 213 27 72 17 94; e-mail: of linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) pipe. It is [email protected]). International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation 7(1) 2013 148 scholar.waset.org/1307-6892/179 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering Vol:7, No:1, 2013 expected that approaches for improving the durability and The considered composite material is composed of an reliability of LLDPE pipe at operating conditions [11]. organic resin reinforced with long fibers. With respect to the The present paper focalizes on the analysis of cylindrical local cylindrical co-ordinates system (see Fig. 3), the fourth vessels polymers reinforced by composite filaments under order compliance tensor of composite S c is reduced at the internal pressure with end effect. Three polymers are covered following form [3]: by this analysis, namely, LLDPE, HDPE and mixing LLDPE / HDPE. The effects of winding angle fiber composites and composite sequences on the burst pressure are the subject of this work. II. MATHEMATICAL FORMULATION Considering a vessel storage type IV consisting of a polymer plastic liner and a multilayered composite made of a polymer resin reinforced with long fibers (see Fig. 1), the general stress-strain relationship for each k-th component submitted to an axisymmetric mechanical loading is given by [3]: (k) (k) (k) z C C C 0 0 C z 11 12 13 16 C C C 0 0 C Fig. 2 Coordinate relation between cylindrical reference and the 12 22 23 26 reference mark of the fiber [3] r C13 C23 C33 0 0 C36 r (1) r 0 0 0 C44 C45 0 r S c S c S c 0 0 0 zr 0 0 0 C45 C55 0 zr 11 12 13 c c c z C16 C26 C36 0 0 C66 z S S S 0 0 0 12 22 23 S c S c S c 0 0 0 c S 13 23 33 (4) Where z , , r represent a cylindrical coordinate system. 0 0 0 S c S c 0 44 45 In the particular case of an axisymmetric loading, the local 0 0 0 S c S c 0 balance equations becomes in each k-th component [3]: 45 55 c 0 0 0 0 0 S 66 k k k d r r 0 (2) dr r The damage seen in this work is related to the cracking of the resin along the direction of parallel fibers. The radius r is such as r0 r ra , where r0 and ra are This type of cracking, assumed to change the compliance the structure inner and outer radius respectively (see Fig. 2). tensor components and to be more or less affected. In this The strain-displacement relationships are [3]: context, three parameters of damage DI , DII and DIII respectively are defined and they characterize the lower k k k E G k dUr k Ur k dUz transverse modulus 22 and shear modulus 12 and r , , z 0 dr r dz G [12]. (3) 23 k k k dU dU U The damage will be introduced by adding the damage k r , k 0 , k z 0 zr r dz dr r contribution tensor H to the compliance tensor of composite S c . In the present analysis, there is only the difference in behavior between transverse stress and compression is taken into account. International Science Index, Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering Vol:7, No:1, 2013 waset.org/Publication/179 The elements of the compliance tensor damage can be expressed in terms of the internal variable DI and only the sign of the hoop stress [12]. ~ c c S S H S,DI , 2 (5) Fig. 1 Stress state in cylindrical part of type IV vessel [3] Where, the damage contribution tensor H is given by: International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation 7(1) 2013 149 scholar.waset.org/1307-6892/179 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering Vol:7, No:1, 2013 0 0 0 0 0 0 For ( k ) 1 (or 2): 0 H h 0 0 0 0 22 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 H k k k k k k k k 2 0 0 0 H 0 0 U r D r E r 0 T r 0 r (10) 44 2 3 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 H 0 0 0 0 0 66 k k D , E , 0 and 0 being integration constants.
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