Technical Terms for Composite Components in Civil Engineering and Mechanical Engineering
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Technical terms for composite components in civil engineering and mechanical engineering Prof. Dr.-Ing.habil. Ralf Cuntze, [email protected]. Network CU Bau of Composite United https://www.carbon-connected.de/Group/CCeV.Fachinformationen/Dokumente/Documents/Index/10381 (living document, edition June 2020) Porpose of the Glossary: Borders between engineering disciplines are disappearing, more and more. It can also be noticed that in the different fields of the fiber-using industry there are different "speeches" and that technical terms are sometimes used very differently. Several groups of engineers would therefore have to be connected conceptually so that they understand each other correctly when making decisions. These are 'constructive' engineers from the building industry and mechanical engineering and further, engineers from the textile and material range as well as the manufacturing. There is currently no glossary to help reduce these understanding problems. The present glossary therefore represents a first attempt to bring the above engineers together, so that they can solve their technical tasks faster and in a clearly coordinated way. The author can rely not only on his own decades of experience with primarily polymeric matrix, but also on several special documents such as Carbon Cconcrete Planner Folder (Tudalit), Eurocodes, VDI 2014- Bl.3, Gae18, BÜV10, LiB18, Glossary Wikipedia, as well as on constructive suggestions for improvement from engineers of the above groups, see contributors at the glossary end. The glossary focuses especially on carbon fibers CF and concrete matrices. At the beginning it presents a first scheme of order for the different, interconnected disciplines. At the end, a picture gallery illustrates technological details and applications. This gallery just includes carbon applications from construction industry because these are less known. Warranty: This GLOSSARY is a compilation of terms and partly their definitions stemming from the author’s as well as from numerous other glossaries/origins/publications. It should be seen an informative publication and is intended to be a so-called ‘living document’ reissued following future demands. If someone wishes to make always welcoming constructive comments and wants to add or complete topics the latest draft can be found under the Carbon Connected ‘discussion platform’ GLOSSARY Bau WIKI of Composite Unitede.V. (CUeV). This GLOSSARY is provided by the author ‘as is’ and without any warranty hoping to make the addressed engineers fit for their specific purposes. GLOSSARY Strengtth Criteria_Cuntze _ June 2020 Page 1 of 169 Inhaltsverzeichnis/Table of Contents Zweck des Glossars Purpose of the Glossary ........................................................................................................... 1 Warranty ......................................................................................................................................................................... Inhaltsverzeichnis/Table of Contents ............................................................................................................................ 2 1. Einführung Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 3 1.1 Allgemeines General ....................................................................................................................................... 1.2 Festlegung einiger wichtiger Begriffe 1.2 Fixation of some important Terms 2. Deutsche Fachbegriffe mit Erklärung und Definition .......................................................................................... 9 3. Deutsche Fachbegriffe in Englisch ................................................................................................................... 62 4. English Technical Terms with Definitions ......................................................................................................... 69 4.2 Definitions / English ..................................................................................................................................... 69 5. Abkürzungen / abbreviations .......................................................................................................................... 117 6. Denotations, Symbols considering the guideline VDI 2014; DIN 1055-100 ................................................. 126 6.1 Roman Symbols ........................................................................................................................................ 126 6.2 Greek Symbols .......................................................................................................................................... 128 7. Indexing, Laminate Descriptions and Layer Numbering (ply-book) ............................................................... 130 7.1 Subscripts and Superscripts...................................................................................................................... 130 7.2 Laminate and Organosheet Coding .......................................................................................................... 131 8. Bilder zur Text-Illustration / Figures for clarification of the body text.............................................................. 133 9. References including Design and Material Aspects ....................................................................................... 166 GLOSSARY Strengtth Criteria_Cuntze _ June 2020 Page 2 of 169 Introduction 1.1 General The construction industry is an industry in which the topic of high-performance fibre composites is not yet established on the one hand, but where there is enormous application potential on the other. Against this backdrop, Carbon Composites e.V. (CCeV) in Augsburg has founded a specialist department "CC Construction". For CC Bau, this repositioning meant that both fibre polymer composite FPC - also known as fibre- reinforced plastic FRP - and the various fiber-reinforced concrete matrices had to be covered. i.e. 'fibre- reinforced concrete'. The latter envolves ‘(roving)-reinforced concrete’ RC, i.e. GRC, CRC, as well as ‘(short) fibre reinforced concrete’ FRC, i.e. CFRC, PPFRC. The following applications, for example, must therefore be captured: (1) Polymer matrix-related: Glass fibre plastic pipes and GFRP containers, wind rotor blades and pedestrian bridges in GFRP and CFRP, the huge architectural building around the Kaaba (∅ 80 m, 400 t CFRP, maximum load 10000 pilgrims, Fig.2 ). the 80 t heavy 'Apple Campus 2 roof supporting structure' (Fig.3 ) or bridge profiles (Fig.4 ) or also the 'Mae West'-artwork (Fig.5 ), as well as textile building envelopes (Fig.6; Fig.7 ) and (2) Concrete matrix-related: . Textile concrete bridges and textile concrete machine foundations, overhead line masts (Fig.8 ), industrial floors, multi-storey car parks, silos, prefabricated garages, transformer houses, offshore applications, tubbings, sandwich façade panels, untensioned and tensioned bending panels, bridge ceiling panels, textile concrete shells and bridges, s. Fig.9 through Fig.18. Besides concrete constructions (thickness dependent) hardly permeable for water (Fig.42) additively manu-factured building constructions will come up, as shown in Fig.54 and Fig.55. Various application possibilities offer themselves with the retrofitting, like with load-bearing structure reinforcements, cover platesfloor plates, parking garage decks (reorganization in the compression zone and tension zone range), bridge caps, monument protected buildings, silos, balcony reorganizations, construction units with high chloride effects, and free form constructions for architects, that make new shell load-bearing structures possible. Further examples can be found from Fig.38 onwards, such as CFRP lamella reinforcement of steel-reinforced concrete slabs, ribbed slabs, edges of slab openings (replacement reinforcement in Fig.44), floor slab under groundwater overpressure. But also a carbon concrete-timber frame composite construction is part of the large variety of applications, Fig.53. The demonstrator "CB Pavilion" in Fig.56 shows the possible filigree construction after coping with formwork and reinforcement insertion problems with the double- curved shell. As can be seen from the previous texts, the main focus in the glossary is carbon concrete CRC, in German with CB abbreviated, analogously to the (steel) reinforced concrete StB. Special advantages of the non- corrosive CRC compared to steel-reinforced concrete are lower maintenance costs and thus also life cycle costs, weather resistance, high durability of the reinforcing layer of textile concrete compared to de-icing salts. The elimination of additional protective mechanisms such as surface protection systems significantly saves costs for corrosion damage removal. Further advantages are high water impermeability due to the finer microcrack structure of the CRC, light and filigree construction methods allow modern shell constructions that were previously unthinkable in StRC. Some building constructions will already pay for themselves now, if one would and should pay for oneself sustainably, because the use of CRC promises savings in life cycle costs. GLOSSARY Strengtth Criteria_Cuntze _ June 2020 Page 3 of 169 But just how insignificant the carbon fibre content presently is in relation to its origin oil and to steel, can be seen at Fig.18 In the glossary, several groups of engineers are to be combined