DOCSLIB.ORG

Dieter K. Fütterer Detlef Damaske Georg Kleinschmidt Hubert Miller Franz Tessensohn (Editors) ANTARCTICA Contributions to Global Earth Sciences Dieter K

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Dieter K. Fütterer Detlef Damaske Georg Kleinschmidt Hubert Miller Franz Tessensohn (Editors) ANTARCTICA Contributions to Global Earth Sciences Dieter K Dieter K. Fütterer Detlef Damaske Georg Kleinschmidt Hubert Miller Franz Tessensohn (Editors) ANTARCTICA Contributions to Global Earth Sciences Dieter K. Fütterer Detlef Damaske Georg Kleinschmidt Hubert Miller Franz Tessensohn (Editors) ANTARCTICA Contributions to Global Earth Sciences Proceedings of the IX International Symposium of Antarctic Earth Sciences Potsdam, 2003 With 289 Figures, 47 in color Editors Prof. Dr. Dieter Karl Fütterer Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research P.O. Box 12 01 61, 27515 Bremerhaven, Germany E-mail: [email protected] Dr. Detlef Damaske Federal Institute of Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR) Stilleweg 2, 30655 Hannover, Germany E-mail: [email protected] Prof. Dr. Georg Kleinschmidt Institute for Geology and Paleontology, J. W.-Goethe-University Senckenberganlage 32, 60054 Frankfurt a. M., Germany E-mail: [email protected] Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Hubert Miller Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Section Geology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Luisenstr. 37, 80333 München, Germany E-mail: [email protected] Dr. Franz Tessensohn Lindenring 6, 29352 Adelheidsdorf, Germany E-mail: [email protected] Cover photo: Scenic impression of Marguerite Bay coastline, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica (photograph: AWI). Inset left: Multispectral satellite image map of Antarctica using Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) (image: USGS). Inset right: Multibeam swath-sonar record of sub-sea volcanic structures in Bransfield Strait, Antarctic Peninsula (image: AWI). Library of Congress Control Number: 2005936395 ISBN-10 3-540-30673-0 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York ISBN-13 978-3-540-30673-3 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitations, broad- casting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. Springer is a part of Springer Science+Business Media springeronline.com © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2006 Printed in Germany The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the rel- evant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: Erich Kirchner, Heidelberg Typesetting: Büro Stasch · Bayreuth ([email protected]) Production: Almas Schimmel Printing and binding: Stürtz AG, Würzburg Printed on acid-free paper 32/3141/as – 5 4 3 2 1 0 Preface The almost completely ice covered Antarctic continent and the seasonally to permanently ice covered Southern Ocean surrounding it, have in no way lost their fascination and interest for geoscientists. With increasing scientific and public awareness for global change matters, the Antarctic region receives particular interest. Ongoing research on marine sediments, lake sediments and ice cores shed more and more light on climate history not only of the Antarctic region in particular but also on a global scale. For decades, Antarctic hard rock research relied on comparisons of the continent’s scarce outcrops with those of the better exposed parts of Gondwana for an understanding of the geology of Antarctica. More recently, the results of broader Antarctic research, including of the deep ocean floor, have been introduced to help understanding Gondwana accretion and dispersal as a whole. 340 participants from 28 countries registered for the IX International Symposium of Antarctic Earth Sciences, held in the magnificent premises of the Potsdam University (see group photo) from 8 to 12 September 2003. The aim of the conference was to focus on the role of the Antarctic continent and the surrounding Southern Ocean in global geodynamics and paleoenvironmental evolution. This was pursued by a number of ma- jor themes, each subdivided in a number of sessions. Oral presentations added up to 175 and about 200 posters and maps, in three poster sessions, were contributed. Out of these, about 80 contributions were submitted for publication in the Proceedings Volume and 60 papers were finally accepted after peer-review. At the beginning of planning for the IX International Symposium of Antarctic Earth Sciences the Steering Committee had discussed if it might be more appropriate to pub- lish all submitted papers in one “big, more multidisciplinary volume” – as was the tradi- tion so far – or better to publish in various more specific journals in order to maximise impact. There was a long controversial discussion which, in the end, reached no conclu- sion and the subject was kept open for consideration of the National Organising Com- mittee, which finally decided to return to the concept of all earlier Antarctic earth science symposia. As a consequence, you have this book in your hands, containing some 60 papers cover- ing the traditionally wide field of Antarctic geoscientific research. The volume is orga- nized into eight chapters, which to a large extent, follow the major themes of the sympo- sium. The contributions to the session “James Ross and Seymour Islands” and the results of the workshop on “Seymour and James Ross Island paleoenvironments across the K/T bound- ary”, held before the symposium in Potsdam, will be published by the convenors in a separate volume entitled “Cretaceous–Tertiary high-latitude paleoenvironments, James Ross Basin, Antarctica”. Another special workshop on “East–West Antarctic Tectonics and Gondwana Break-up 60° W to 30° E” was held in the general framework of this ISAES conference. Seven papers, dealing with new geophysical interpretations and regional compilations of the East Antarc- tic continental margin from the Weddell Sea to the Cosmonaut Sea off Enderby Land, were published separately in a special issue of Marine Geophysical Researches, Vol. 25 (2005). The Editors VI Preface 9th International Symposium on Antarctic Earth Sciences, Potsdam, Germany. Photograph of participants, 11 September 2003, in front of the magnificent building of the Comuns, opposite the New Palace (Neues Palais), where one of the lecture halls of the symposium was placed. Today, the Comuns, part of the impressive New Palace complex which was built by Frederick the Great as a summer residence between 1763 and 1769, are used by the University of Potsdam. It seems more than strange to think that this imposing building, with its great double flights of steps and its columned halls, housed the domestic quarters and the kitchens, and that servants lived behind these facades Acknowledgments Scientific conferences are in no way self-organizing events but depend on great ef- forts from many people, not all of whom appear visibly on the stage. There is the International Steering Committee, which offered its generous advice, especially dur- ing the early phase of planning. There is the National Organizing Committee, which made the symposium happen, with the tremendous support of many local volun- teers, students and scientists, again unnamed. Special thanks in this field go to Claudia Kirsch, Gabriela Schlaffer and Renate Wanke at the desk of the Conference Office for their untiring efforts in helping the participants to cope with local problems, inform- ing on changes to the daily programme, and keeping the files in the symposium’s background. Many thanks go also to the leaders of the excellent field excursions held before and after the symposium, as well as for various kinds of sightseeing tours in the Potsdam area, sometimes organized ad hoc during the symposium. Last but not least, there is this book, which kept the editors busier than initially expected, so that the dream of publishing the volume within a year could not materi- alize. The book would never have materialized without the great effort of the numer- ous colleagues involved in the refereeing process. Many thanks to these colleagues! Anandakrishnan, Sridhar, University Park Anderson, John, Houston Barrett, Peter, Wellington Beblo, Martin, Fürstenfeldbruck Behrend, John, Boulder Birkenmajer, Krzysztof, Krakow Bockheim, James, Madison Boger, Steve, Melbourne Bozzo, Emanuele, Genova Bradshaw, John, Christchurch Brancolini, Giuliano, Trieste Buggisch, Werner, Erlangen Camerlenghi, Angelo, Barcelona Capponi, Giovanni, Genova Capra, Alessandro, Taranto Cremer, Holger, Utrecht Dalziel, Ian, Austin Damaske, Detlef, Hannover Damm, Volkmar, Hannover Diester-Haass, Liselotte, Saarbrücken Dietrich, Reinhard, Dresden Eagles, Graeme, Bremerhaven Eckstaller, Alfons, Bremerhaven Ehrmann, Werner, Leipzig Eisen, Olaf, Bremerhaven Fabian, Karl, Bremen Ferraccioli, Fausto, Cambridge Finn, Carol, Denver Fitzsimons, Ian, Perth Frimmel, Hartmut, Würzburg Froitzheim, Niko, Bonn Gohl, Karsten, Bremerhaven Goodge, John, Duluth Gore, Damian, Sydney Grobe, Hannes, Bremerhaven Haak, Volker, Potsdam Harley, Simon, Edinburgh Hegner, Ernst, München Henjes-Kunst, Friedhelm, Hannover Hervé, Francisco, Santiago de Chile Hillenbrand, Claus-Dieter, Cambridge Hinz, Karl, Hannover Horn, Peter, München Jacobs, Joachim, Bremen Jokat, Wilfried, Bremerhaven Kind, Rainer, Potsdam Kleinschmidt, Georg, Frankfurt a. M. Klemm,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Air and Shipborne Magnetic Surveys of the Antarctic Into the 21St Century
    TECTO-125389; No of Pages 10 Tectonophysics xxx (2012) xxx–xxx Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Tectonophysics journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/tecto Air and shipborne magnetic surveys of the Antarctic into the 21st century A. Golynsky a,⁎,R.Bellb,1, D. Blankenship c,2,D.Damasked,3,F.Ferracciolie,4,C.Finnf,5,D.Golynskya,6, S. Ivanov g,7,W.Jokath,8,V.Masolovg,6,S.Riedelh,7,R.vonFresei,9,D.Youngc,2 and ADMAP Working Group a VNIIOkeangeologia, 1, Angliysky Avenue, St.-Petersburg, 190121, Russia b LDEO of Columbia University, 61, Route 9W, PO Box 1000, Palisades, NY 10964-8000, USA c University of Texas, Institute for Geophysics, 4412 Spicewood Springs Rd., Bldg. 600, Austin, Texas 78759-4445, USA d BGR, Stilleweg 2 D-30655, Hannover, Germany e BAS, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 OET, UK f USGS, Denver Federal Center, Box 25046 Denver, CO 80255, USA g PMGE, 24, Pobeda St., Lomonosov, 189510, Russia h AWI, Columbusstrasse, 27568, Bremerhaven, Germany i School of Earth Sciences, The Ohio State University, 125 S. Oval Mall, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA article info abstract Article history: The Antarctic geomagnetics' community remains very active in crustal anomaly mapping. More than 1.5 million Received 1 August 2011 line-km of new air- and shipborne data have been acquired over the past decade by the international community Received in revised form 27 January 2012 in Antarctica. These new data together with surveys that previously were not in the public domain significantly Accepted 13 February 2012 upgrade the ADMAP compilation.
    [Show full text]
  • This Article Appeared in a Journal Published by Elsevier. The
    This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues. Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. In most cases authors are permitted to post their version of the article (e.g. in Word or Tex form) to their personal website or institutional repository. Authors requiring further information regarding Elsevier’s archiving and manuscript policies are encouraged to visit: http://www.elsevier.com/copyright Author's personal copy Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 335-336 (2012) 24–34 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/palaeo Antarctic topography at the Eocene–Oligocene boundary Douglas S. Wilson a,⁎, Stewart S.R. Jamieson b, Peter J. Barrett c, German Leitchenkov d, Karsten Gohl e, Robert D. Larter f a Marine Sciences Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, United States b Department of Geography, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK c Antarctic Research Centre, Victoria University of Wellington, P.O. Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand, d Institute for Geology and Mineral Resources of the World Ocean, 1, Angliysky Ave. 190121, St.-Petersburg, Russia e Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Postfach 120161, D-27515 Bremerhaven, Germany f British Antarctic Survey, Madingley Road, High Cross, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB3 0ET, UK article info abstract Article history: We present a reconstruction of the Antarctic topography at the Eocene–Oligocene (ca.
    [Show full text]
  • Australian ANTARCTIC Magazine ISSUE 18 2010 Australian
    AusTRALIAN ANTARCTIC MAGAZINE ISSUE 18 2010 AusTRALIAN ANTARCTIC ISSUE 2010 MAGAZINE 18 The Australian Antarctic Division, a Division of the Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, leads Australia’s Antarctic program and seeks CONTENTS to advance Australia’s Antarctic interests in pursuit of its vision of having ‘Antarctica valued, protected EXPLORING THE SOUTHERN OCEAN and understood’. It does this by managing Australian government activity in Antarctica, providing transport Southern Ocean marine life in focus 1 and logistic support to Australia’s Antarctic research Snails and ‘snot’ tell acid story 4 program, maintaining four permanent Australian research stations, and conducting scientific research Science thrown overboard 6 programs both on land and in the Southern Ocean. Antarctica – a catalyst for science communication 8 Australia’s four Antarctic goals are: First non-lethal whale study answers big questions 9 • To maintain the Antarctic Treaty System Journal focuses on Antarctic research 11 and enhance Australia’s influence in it; • To protect the Antarctic environment; BROKE–West breaks ground in marine research 11 • To understand the role of Antarctica in EAST ANTARCTIC CENSUS the global climate system; and Shedding light on the sea floor 13 • To undertake scientific work of practical, economic and national significance. Plankton in the spotlight 15 Australian Antarctic Magazine seeks to inform the Sorting the catch 16 Australian and international Antarctic community Using fish to identify ecological regions 17 about the activities of the Australian Antarctic program. Opinions expressed in Australian Antarctic Magazine International flavour enhances Japanese research cruise 18 do not necessarily represent the position of the Australian Government.
    [Show full text]
  • A New Digital Elevation Model of Antarctica Derived from Cryosat-2 Altimetry Thomas Slater1, Andrew Shepherd1, Malcolm Mcmillan1, Alan Muir2, Lin Gilbert2, Anna E
    A new Digital Elevation Model of Antarctica derived from CryoSat-2 altimetry Thomas Slater1, Andrew Shepherd1, Malcolm McMillan1, Alan Muir2, Lin Gilbert2, Anna E. Hogg1, Hannes Konrad1, Tommaso Parrinello3 5 1Centre for Polar Observation and Modelling, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom 2Centre for Polar Observation and Modelling, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom 3ESA ESRIN, Via Galileo Galilei, 00044 Frascati RM, Italy Correspondence to: Thomas Slater ([email protected]) 10 Abstract. We present a new Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of the Antarctic ice sheet and ice shelves based on 2.5 x 108 observations recorded by the CryoSat-2 satellite radar altimeter between July 2010 and July 2016. The DEM is formed from spatio-temporal fits to elevation measurements accumulated within 1, 2 and 5 km grid cells, and is posted at the modal resolution of 1 km. Altogether, 94 % of the grounded ice sheet and 98 % of the floating ice shelves are observed, and the remaining grid cells 15 North of 88 ° S are interpolated using ordinary kriging. The median and root mean square difference between the DEM and 2.3 x 107 airborne laser altimeter measurements acquired during NASA Operation IceBridge campaigns are -0.30 m and 13.50 m, respectively. The DEM uncertainty rises in regions of high slope — especially where elevation measurements were acquired in Low Resolution Mode — and, taking this into account, we estimate the average accuracy to be 9.5 m — a value that is comparable to or better than that of other models derived from satellite radar and laser altimetry.
    [Show full text]
  • Antarctic.V12.4.1991.Pdf
    500 lOOOMOTtcn ANTARCTIC PENINSULA s/2 9 !S°km " A M 9 I C j O m t o 1 Comandante Ferraz brazil 2 Henry Arctowski polano 3 Teniente Jubany Argentina 4 Artigas uruouav 5 Teniente Rodotfo Marsh emu BeHingshausen ussr Great WaD owa 6 Capstan Arturo Prat ck«.e 7 General Bernardo O'Higgins cmiu 8 Esperanza argentine 9 Vice Comodoro Marambio Argentina 10 Palmer usa 11 Faraday uk SOUTH 12 Rothera uk SHETLAND 13 Teniente Carvajal chile 14 General San Martin Argentina ISLANDS JOOkm NEW ZEALAND ANTARCTIC SOCIETY MAP COPYRIGHT Vol. 12 No. 4 Antarctic Antarctic (successor to "Antarctic News Bulletin") Vol. 12 No.4 Contents Polar New Zealand 94 Australia 101 Pakistan 102 United States 104 West Germany 111 Sub-Antarctic ANTARCTIC is published quarterly by Heard Island 116 theNew Zealand Antarctic Society Inc., 1978. General ISSN 0003-5327 Antarctic Treaty 117 Greenpeace 122 Editor: Robin Ormerod Environmental database 123 Please address all editorial inquiries, contri Seven peaks, seven months 124 butions etc to the Editor, P.O. Box 2110, Wellington, New Zealand Books Antarctica, the Ross Sea Region 126 Telephone (04) 791.226 International: +64-4-791-226 Shackleton's Lieutenant 127 Fax: (04)791.185 International: + 64-4-791-185 All administrative inquiries should go to the Secretary, P.O. Box 1223, Christchurch, NZ Inquiries regarding Back and Missing issues to P.O. Box 1223, Christchurch, N.Z. No part of this publication may be reproduced in Cover : Fumeroles on Mt. Melbourne any way, without the prior permission of the pub lishers. Photo: Dr. Paul Broddy Antarctic Vol.
    [Show full text]
  • Overview of Antarctic Tourism 2000 Download
    International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators Overview of Antarctic Tourism, 2000 (Agenda item 4) (Submitted by IAATO) The International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators (IAATO) is pleased to provide this summary of Antarctic tourism for the 1999-2000 season and a brief overview of Antarctic tourism trends. A detailed overview of Antarctic tourism and IAATO is available online at iaato.org, including the statistics compiled annually by the Office of Polar Programs at the U.S. National Science Foundation. 1 Overview In 1999-2000 it is estimated that 14,762 people traveled to the Antarctic on private sector expeditions. Tourist activities currently include small boat or zodiac cruising, shore landings, and to a lesser extent kayaking, mountain climbing, scuba diving, surfing, skiing, snowboarding, camping, parachuting and marathon running. A brief summary of the season, "IAATO Overview of Actual Antarctic Tourism, 1999-2000," is appended. (Appendix A). Of these Antarctic visitors, 139 participated in land-based expeditions, 221 traveled aboard commercial yachts and 14,402 traveled aboard commercially organized tour vessels. 2 Seaborne Tourism 2.1 14,402 people traveled to the Antarctic on 21 commercially organized tour vessels from November 1999 to March 2000, a 46% increase over the 1998-1999 season total of 9,857 ship-based visitors. This dramatic increase in tourist numbers is primarily due to the operations of three new large vessels during the 1999-2000 season, namely the Aegean I, the Ocean Explorer and the Rotterdam VI. 2.2 IAATO members operated all but four of the Antarctic tour vessels that sailed in 1999-2000.
    [Show full text]
  • The Transantarctic Mountains These Watercolor Paintings by Dee Molenaar Were Originally Published in 1985 with His Map of the Mcmurdo Sound Area of Antarctica
    The Transantarctic Mountains These watercolor paintings by Dee Molenaar were originally published in 1985 with his map of the McMurdo Sound area of Antarctica. We are pleased to republish these paintings with the permission of the artist who owns the copyright. Gunter Faure · Teresa M. Mensing The Transantarctic Mountains Rocks, Ice, Meteorites and Water Gunter Faure Teresa M. Mensing The Ohio State University The Ohio State University School of Earth Sciences School of Earth Sciences and Byrd Polar Research Center and Byrd Polar Research Center 275 Mendenhall Laboratory 1465 Mt. Vernon Ave. 125 South Oval Mall Marion, Ohio 43302 Columbus, Ohio 43210 USA USA [email protected] [email protected] ISBN 978-1-4020-8406-5 e-ISBN 978-90-481-9390-5 DOI 10.1007/978-90-481-9390-5 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2010931610 © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2010 No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Cover illustration: A tent camp in the Mesa Range of northern Victoria Land at the foot of Mt. Masley. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) We dedicate this book to Lois M. Jones, Eileen McSaveny, Terry Tickhill, and Kay Lindsay who were the first team of women to conduct fieldwork in the Transantarctic Mountains during the 1969/1970 field season.
    [Show full text]
  • Antarctic Glacier and Ice Shelf Front Dynamics in a Changing Climate
    Antarctic Glacier and Ice Shelf Front Dynamics in a Changing Climate Celia A. Baumhoer1, Andreas J. Dietz1 and Claudia Künzer1 1German Aerospace Center, German Remote Sensing Data Center, Department Landsurface, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany Outlet glacier terminus positions and ice shelf extents along Antarctica’s coastline are very dynamic and constantly changing. Changes in ice shelf and glacier extent significantly influence ice sheet dynamics as decreasing buttressing caused by retreating ice shelves increases ice sheet flow velocities [1, 2]. This enhances ice discharge with contribution to global sea level rise [3]. At present, fluctuations in frontal glacier and ice shelf positions are only partly understood as they can either be linked to internal ice sheet dynamics [4, 5] or climate and oceanic forcing in a warming climate [6, 7]. The common choice for monitoring changes in frontal positions is earth observation imagery. So far, many glacier and ice shelf front positions were mapped via remote sensing imagery but no analysis for the entire Antarctic coastline exists. This study presents an unprecedented circum-Antarctic record of retreating and advancing glaciers and ice shelves compiled from all existing studies of frontal positions. The observed pattern of advance and retreat along Antarctica’s coast improves our understanding of Antarctic ice sheet-ocean interactions and helps to assess the influence of climate change on Antarctic ice sheet dynamics. References: [1] H. Pritchard, S. R. M. Ligtenberg, H. A. Fricker, D. G. Vaughan, M. R. Van den Broeke and L. Padman, "Antarctic ice-sheet loss driven by basal melting of ice shelves," Nature, vol. 484, pp. 502-505 (2012).
    [Show full text]
  • A New Digital Elevation Model of Antarctica Derived from Cryosat-2 Altimetry
    The Cryosphere, 12, 1551–1562, 2018 https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-1551-2018 © Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. A new digital elevation model of Antarctica derived from CryoSat-2 altimetry Thomas Slater1, Andrew Shepherd1, Malcolm McMillan1, Alan Muir2, Lin Gilbert2, Anna E. Hogg1, Hannes Konrad1, and Tommaso Parrinello3 1Centre for Polar Observation and Modelling, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK 2Centre for Polar Observation and Modelling, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK 3ESA ESRIN, Via Galileo Galilei, 00044 Frascati RM, Italy Correspondence: Thomas Slater ([email protected]) Received: 3 October 2017 – Discussion started: 25 October 2017 Revised: 6 March 2018 – Accepted: 22 March 2018 – Published: 2 May 2018 Abstract. We present a new digital elevation model (DEM) et al., 2015). Accurate knowledge of surface elevation can of the Antarctic ice sheet and ice shelves based on 2:5 × 108 be used for both the delineation of drainage basins and es- observations recorded by the CryoSat-2 satellite radar al- timation of grounding line ice thickness, necessary for es- timeter between July 2010 and July 2016. The DEM is timates of Antarctic mass balance calculated via the mass formed from spatio-temporal fits to elevation measurements budget method (Rignot et al., 2011b; Shepherd et al., 2012; accumulated within 1, 2, and 5 km grid cells, and is posted Sutterly et al., 2014). Furthermore, detailed and up-to-date at the modal resolution of 1 km. Altogether, 94 % of the DEMs are required to distinguish between phase differences grounded ice sheet and 98 % of the floating ice shelves are caused by topography and ice motion when estimating ice observed, and the remaining grid cells north of 88◦ S are in- velocity using interferometric synthetic aperture radar (Rig- terpolated using ordinary kriging.
    [Show full text]
  • ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT – AUSTRALIAN ANTARCTIC PROGRAM AVIATION OPERATIONS 2020-2025 Draft Released for Public Comment
    ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT – AUSTRALIAN ANTARCTIC PROGRAM AVIATION OPERATIONS 2020-2025 draft released for public comment This document should be cited as: Commonwealth of Australia (2020). Environmental Impact Assessment – Australian Antarctic Program Aviation Operations 2020-2025 – draft released for public comment. Australian Antarctic Division, Kingston. © Commonwealth of Australia 2020 This work is copyright. You may download, display, print and reproduce this material in unaltered form only (retaining this notice) for your personal, non-commercial use or use within your organisation. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, all other rights are reserved. Requests and enquiries concerning reproduction and rights should be addressed to. Disclaimer The contents of this document have been compiled using a range of source materials and were valid as at the time of its preparation. The Australian Government is not liable for any loss or damage that may be occasioned directly or indirectly through the use of or reliance on the contents of the document. Cover photos from L to R: groomed runway surface, Globemaster C17 at Wilkins Aerodrome, fuel drum stockpile at Davis, Airbus landing at Wilkins Aerodrome Prepared by: Dr Sandra Potter on behalf of: Mr Robb Clifton Operations Manager Australian Antarctic Division Kingston 7050 Australia 2 Contents Overview 7 1. Background 9 1.1 Australian Antarctic Program aviation 9 1.2 Previous assessments of aviation activities 10 1.3 Scope of this environmental impact assessment 11 1.4 Consultation and decision outcomes 12 2. Details of the proposed activity and its need 13 2.1 Introduction 13 2.2 Inter-continental flights 13 2.3 Air-drop operations 14 2.4 Air-to-air refuelling operations 14 2.5 Operation of Wilkins Aerodrome 15 2.6 Intra-continental fixed-wing operations 17 2.7 Operation of ski landing areas 18 2.8 Helicopter operations 18 2.9 Fuel storage and use 19 2.10 Aviation activities at other sites 20 2.11 Unmanned aerial systems 20 2.12 Facility decommissioning 21 3.
    [Show full text]
  • Final Report of the Thirty-Sixth Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting
    Measure 14 (2013) Annex Management Plan for Antarctic Specially Protected Area No 160 FRAZIER ISLANDS, WINDMILL ISLANDS, WILKES LAND, EAST ANTARCTICA Introduction The Frazier Islands consists of a group of three islands located approximately 16 km offshore from Australia’s Casey station, in East Antarctica (see Map A). The islands support the largest of only four known breeding colonies of southern giant petrels Macronectes giganteus on continental Antarctica, and were designated as an Antarctic Specially Protected Area under Measure 2 (2003) for the sanctuary of the birds. The management plan for the Area was revised under Measure 13 (2008). Following their discovery in 1955, the southern giant petrel colonies at the Frazier Islands were visited intermittently during the period mid-January to late March. The aim of these visits was usually the banding of southern giant petrel chicks. Weather permitting, counts of the chicks present were made but were often restricted to Nelly Island. Thus, the early data available do not offer the information needed for an analysis of possible changes in the status of the total population. In more recent years, occupied nests were counted in December, usually covering all three islands. The indication is that the breeding population, especially at Dewart Island, may be increasing. Apart from visits for seabird observations, the Frazier Islands have been visited very infrequently. On average a visit for seabird observations have occurred every two years since the late 1950s (see Appendix 1). In the mid-1980s, a formal management strategy was implemented to minimise human disturbance to breeding colonies of southern giant petrels in the vicinity of Australia’s Antarctic stations.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 a Comparison of Detrital U-Pb Zircon, 40Ar/39Ar Hornblende, And
    1 1 A comparison of detrital U-Pb zircon, 40Ar/39Ar hornblende, and 40Ar/39Ar biotite ages in 2 marine sediments off East Antarctica: implications for the geology of subglacial terrains 3 and provenance studies 4 5 Pierce, E.L.a,f ([email protected]) 6 Hemming, S.R.a,b ([email protected]) 7 Williams, T.b ([email protected]) 8 van de Flierdt, T.c ([email protected]) 9 Thomson, S.N.d ([email protected]) 10 Reiners, P.W.d ([email protected]) 11 Gehrels, G.E.d ([email protected]) 12 Brachfeld, S.A.e ([email protected]) 13 Goldstein, S.L.a,b ([email protected]) 14 15 16 a Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia University, 116th Street & 17 Broadway, New York, NY 10027, USA 18 b Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Route 9W, Palisades, NY, 10964, 19 USA 20 c Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington 21 Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK 22 d Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA 23 e Department of Earth and Environmental Studies, Montclair State University, 1 Normal Ave, 24 Montclair, NJ, 07043, USA 25 26 fpresent address Department of Geosciences, Wellesley College, 106 Central Street, Wellesley, 27 MA, 02481, USA. Tel: 781-283-3899 28 29 Abstract 30 U-Pb ages of detrital zircon grains have provided an extraordinary tool for sedimentary 31 provenance work, given that they are ubiquitous, resistant to damage and weathering, and that 32 the U-Pb age records the crystallization age of the mineral.
    [Show full text]