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James Ray Dixon, a Texas Herpetological Icon (1928

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Herpetological Conservation and Biology 10(1):1-25. Submitted: 13 January 2015; Accepted: 2 June 2015; Published: 14 June 2015. In Memoriam:James Ray Dixon,ATexas Herpetological Icon (1928-2015) Chris T. McAllister1,3 and Michael R. J. Forstner2 1Science and Mathematics Division, Eastern Oklahoma State College, Idabel, Oklahoma, 72745, USA 2Department of Biology, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas 78666, USA 3Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] Abstract.—The Governing Board of Herpetological Conservation and Biology invited CTM and MRJF to deliver a memoriam for one of the most important Texas herpetologists in history. Their take is without a doubt, an intimate portrayal of the personal and professional relationship they and many others had with this icon of Texas herpetology. Key Words.—herpetologist, history, James R. Dixon, Texas Introduction Texas, Mexico, and Central and South America. He published over 300 works (Appendix I), as Dr. James Ray Dixon (1928-2015) passed well as describing two new genera of reptiles and away peacefully at age 86 on 10 January 2015 over 50 new amphibians and reptiles (Appendix from complications of stroke in Bryan, Texas II). Jim mentored 31 doctoral students and 25 (Fig. 1). Jim “Doc” Dixon was born on 1 August Master’s students (Table 1), and contributed 1928 in Houston, Texas, and spent most of his extensively to countless undergraduates and childhood in the border town of El Campo, grade-schoolers. He earned a reputation as one Texas. Like many herpetologists before him, of the most prominent herpetologists of his Jim had a very early interest in amphibians and generation alongside exemplars W. Frank Blair, reptiles, and even, as a child, attempted to hide a Roger Conant, Henry S. Fitch, and Hobart M. young Alligator mississippiensis under his hat Smith, just to name a few who have preceded so he might sneak it into his mother’s house. He him in death. searched the environs for occupants near his home with the same interest and vigor that would Educational and professional career.— be the basis of a first-class academic profession. Dixon’s academic career was remarkable as he Jim would eventually settle down with his family earned his B.S. in 1950 with a major in Biology in Bryan, Texas, and spend the past 43 years from Howard Payne University in Brownwood, at a home familiar to family and colleagues, Texas. His education would have to take a short alike. To say that Jim was a Texas herpetological hiatus, however, because after graduation Jim icon is putting it mildly, as his life’s labor of entered the U.S Marine Corps, serving in the love was even larger than the measure of his War in Korea (1951-1953), much of which, Lone Star State. He added significantly to our was in an active combat role. After honorable understanding of herpetofauna and mentored discharge and upon returning to the U.S. from numerous biologists, both professional and non- Korea, Jim was stationed in California where he professional that continue that work today. He met his future wife and love of his life, Mary conducted cosmopolitan research, but spent most Ellen Finley. They were married in 1953 in of his effort principally on the herpetofaunas of Costa Mesa, California, and from that point on, Copyright c 2015. Chris T. McAllister. All Rights Reserved. 1 McAllister and Forstner—-Memoriam: James Dixon contribute significantly to research, teaching, and mentorship at TAMU for another 38 years. He took on a role in 1972 as Curator of the Texas Cooperative Wildlife Collection (TCWC), becoming Chief Curator in 1985. Following his formal retirement in 1995, Jim was recognized as Emeritus Professor and Curator. He never really retired because Jim continued his research in adjunct faculty positions, continuing roles as co-investigator on federal projects, committee memberships for graduate students at TAMU and elsewhere, and continued scholarship by publications in journal articles, scholarly books, Figure 1. Dr. James R. Dixon (age 78 yrs young) in and larger tomes. San Marcos, Texas, June 2007. Note the horned lizard bolo tie. Publications.—While deployed in Korea, Private First Class Dixon published his first he and Mary were joined at the hip. Jim soon scientific paper in 1952 (in Copeia) and remained thereafter (1954-1955) accepted a position as a creative contributor to the works until his death. the Curator of Reptiles at the Ross Allen Reptile Jim has authored and co-authored numerous Institute in Silver Springs, Florida, and then books, book chapters, and over 300 scholarly arti- entered the wildlife sciences master’s program cles and notes (Appendix I). From 1955 to 2015, at Texas A&M University (TAMU). Two years he was an author or co-author of peer-reviewed later (1957) he earned his M.S. degree and contributions in every year for 60 years. His later a Ph.D. (1961) in Zoology from TAMU. mainstream publications are on reptiles (24% on His doctoral research topic was on the lizard lizards, 37% on snakes) but nearly 20% of all of genus Phyllodactylus. Jim began his academic his contributions investigated wildlife diversity, teaching career as an instructor (1956-1959) in especially of regional herpetofaunas. His early the Veterinary College of TAMU, then gaining works were on lizards, particularly gekkonids, an Assistant Professor of Veterinary Medicine with emphasis on snakes growing in his focus position (1959-1961). He then moved to Las over time. He was particularly interested in Cruces, New Mexico, to accept a position as the Neotropical colubrid snake genus Liophis Assistant Professor of Wildlife Management at (Dixon, 1980), with nearly 15% of his published New Mexico State University (1961-1965) and works on snakes related to this challenging and also served as a consultant to the New Mexico assorted genus. State Game and Fisheries Department. Jim was Curator of Herpetology for the Life Sciences Contributions to Texas herpetology.—Jim Division at the Los Angeles County Museum was passionate about helping to stop the indis- in California and an Associate Professor on the criminate killing of rattlesnakes, particularly at faculty of the University of Southern California rattlesnake roundups in Texas and surrounding (1965-1967). He returned to his native state in states. However, Jim did find a use for biological 1967 to accept a faculty position at TAMU in the samples of Western Diamondback Rattlesnakes Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences (Crotalus atrox) obtained from one such roundup (DWFS) as an Associate Professor and was (see McAllister et al., 1995) that would have promoted to full Professor in 1971. Jim would otherwise been destroyed. In addition, he had a 2 Herpetological Conservation and Biology Table 1. Graduate students of James R. Dixon, Ph.D. from 1966-1997. *Students who received both the M.S. and Ph.D. under Dixon’s direction. Student Degree Year Degree Earned Student Degree Year Degree Earned Albaugh, D. 1973 Ph.D. Lavin-Murcio, P. 1996 Ph.D. Arrizabalaga, M.B. 1993 M.Ag. Lieb, C.S. 1973 M.S. Ballinger, R.C. 1972 Ph.D. Mather, C.M. 1976 Ph.D. Calvin, T.C. 1974 M.S. McCrystal, H.K. 1984 M.S. Camper, J.D. 1990 Ph.D. McKnight, J. 1996 M.S. Cohen, R.S. 1984 M.Ag. Medica, P.A. 1966 M.S. Cowman, D.F. 1996 M.S. Michaud, E. 1984 M.S. Davis, J.T. 1977 Ph.D. Mora, J.M. 1991 Ph.D. Dean, R.H. 1984 Ph.D. Mueller, J.M. 1990 M.S. Dial, B.E. 1975 M.S. Olendorf, H.M. 1971 Ph.D. Fischer, G.W. 1991 Ph.D. Patton, R.F. 1974 Ph.D. Foley, D.H. 1994 M.S. Pelton, R.F. 1974 Ph.D. Forstner, M.R.J. 1995 Ph.D. Gallagher, D.H. 1979 Ph.D. *Rivero-Blanco, C. 1976 M.S. *Rivero-Blanco, C. 1979 Ph.D. Greene, B.D. 1993 Ph.D. Saxon, J.G. 1970 Ph.D. Grosmaire, E.K. 1977 M.S. Scudday, J.F. 1971 Ph.D. Hanks, B. 1993 M.S. Sites, J.W. 1980 Ph.D. Hayes, W. 1975 Ph.D. Stanton, M.A. 1980 M.Ag. Hayes-Odum, L. 1992 Ph.D. Steinbach, D.W. 1977 M.S. Hendricks, F.S. 1975 Ph.D. Houseal, T.W. 1980 M.S. *Thomas, R.A. 1974 M.S. *Thomas, R.A. 1976 Ph.D. Ibrahaim, A.A. 1997 Ph.D. Thornton, O.W. 1977 M.S. Irwin, K. 1997 M.S. Vaughn. K.R. 1991 Ph.D. Jaegers, L.W. 1977 M.S. Whiting, M.J. 1993 M.S. *Wiest, J.A. 1974 M.S. *Wiest, J.A. 1978 Ph.D. Johnson, J.D. 1984 Ph.D. Wills, F.H. 1977 M.S. Ketchersid, C.A. 1974 Ph.D. Yeh, C. F. 1972 Ph.D. Kofron, C.P. 1980 Ph.D. Kroll, J.C. 1973 Ph.D. long and distinguished past of research on the considered the gold-standard on modern Texas herpetofauna of Texas, most notably four books herpetology. on their geographic distribution. He updated Raun and Gehlbach’s (1972) publication of Funding and research program.—Jim’s Texas amphibians and reptiles with his first research program received funding from a range timely contribution on the subject, published by of sources, beginning, in 1957, with an award Texas A&M University Press in 1987 (Dixon, from the National Institutes of Health (NIH). 1978), followed by a second edition in 2000 With this award, he was able to maintain funding (Dixon, 2000), and finally a third edition of same as a principal investigator continuously through in 2013 (Dixon, 2013). In addition, a book on 2013. Jim was also successful in competitive the distribution and ecology of Texas snakes awards at the federal level from the NIH, was published with long-time colleague, John E.
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  • Literature Cited in Lizards Natural History Database

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    Literature Cited in Lizards Natural History database Abdala, C. S., A. S. Quinteros, and R. E. Espinoza. 2008. Two new species of Liolaemus (Iguania: Liolaemidae) from the puna of northwestern Argentina. Herpetologica 64:458-471. Abdala, C. S., D. Baldo, R. A. Juárez, and R. E. Espinoza. 2016. The first parthenogenetic pleurodont Iguanian: a new all-female Liolaemus (Squamata: Liolaemidae) from western Argentina. Copeia 104:487-497. Abdala, C. S., J. C. Acosta, M. R. Cabrera, H. J. Villaviciencio, and J. Marinero. 2009. A new Andean Liolaemus of the L. montanus series (Squamata: Iguania: Liolaemidae) from western Argentina. South American Journal of Herpetology 4:91-102. Abdala, C. S., J. L. Acosta, J. C. Acosta, B. B. Alvarez, F. Arias, L. J. Avila, . S. M. Zalba. 2012. Categorización del estado de conservación de las lagartijas y anfisbenas de la República Argentina. Cuadernos de Herpetologia 26 (Suppl. 1):215-248. Abell, A. J. 1999. Male-female spacing patterns in the lizard, Sceloporus virgatus. Amphibia-Reptilia 20:185-194. Abts, M. L. 1987. Environment and variation in life history traits of the Chuckwalla, Sauromalus obesus. Ecological Monographs 57:215-232. Achaval, F., and A. Olmos. 2003. Anfibios y reptiles del Uruguay. Montevideo, Uruguay: Facultad de Ciencias. Achaval, F., and A. Olmos. 2007. Anfibio y reptiles del Uruguay, 3rd edn. Montevideo, Uruguay: Serie Fauna 1. Ackermann, T. 2006. Schreibers Glatkopfleguan Leiocephalus schreibersii. Munich, Germany: Natur und Tier. Ackley, J. W., P. J. Muelleman, R. E. Carter, R. W. Henderson, and R. Powell. 2009. A rapid assessment of herpetofaunal diversity in variously altered habitats on Dominica.
  • Ecological Functions of Neotropical Amphibians and Reptiles: a Review

    Ecological Functions of Neotropical Amphibians and Reptiles: a Review

    Univ. Sci. 2015, Vol. 20 (2): 229-245 doi: 10.11144/Javeriana.SC20-2.efna Freely available on line REVIEW ARTICLE Ecological functions of neotropical amphibians and reptiles: a review Cortés-Gomez AM1, Ruiz-Agudelo CA2 , Valencia-Aguilar A3, Ladle RJ4 Abstract Amphibians and reptiles (herps) are the most abundant and diverse vertebrate taxa in tropical ecosystems. Nevertheless, little is known about their role in maintaining and regulating ecosystem functions and, by extension, their potential value for supporting ecosystem services. Here, we review research on the ecological functions of Neotropical herps, in different sources (the bibliographic databases, book chapters, etc.). A total of 167 Neotropical herpetology studies published over the last four decades (1970 to 2014) were reviewed, providing information on more than 100 species that contribute to at least five categories of ecological functions: i) nutrient cycling; ii) bioturbation; iii) pollination; iv) seed dispersal, and; v) energy flow through ecosystems. We emphasize the need to expand the knowledge about ecological functions in Neotropical ecosystems and the mechanisms behind these, through the study of functional traits and analysis of ecological processes. Many of these functions provide key ecosystem services, such as biological pest control, seed dispersal and water quality. By knowing and understanding the functions that perform the herps in ecosystems, management plans for cultural landscapes, restoration or recovery projects of landscapes that involve aquatic and terrestrial systems, development of comprehensive plans and detailed conservation of species and ecosystems may be structured in a more appropriate way. Besides information gaps identified in this review, this contribution explores these issues in terms of better understanding of key questions in the study of ecosystem services and biodiversity and, also, of how these services are generated.