DOCSLIB.ORG

Pine Wilt Disease in Portugal

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Pine Wilt Disease in Portugal Bo Guang Zhao • Kazuyoshi Futai • Jack R. Sutherland • Yuko Takeuchi Editors Pine Wilt Disease Bo Guang Zhao • Kazuyoshi Futai • Jack R. Sutherland • Yuko Takeuchi Editors Pine Wilt Disease With 139 Figures, Including 26 in Color Bo Guang Zhao, Ph.D. Professor College of Forest Resources and Environment Nanjing Forestry University 159 Longpan Road Nanjing 2110037, People’s Republic of China Kazuyoshi Futai, Ph.D. Professor Laboratory of Environmental Mycoscience Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502, Japan Jack R. Sutherland, Ph.D. Former Principal Research Scientist Pacifi c Forestry Centre 506 West Burnside Road, Victoria, British Columbia V8Z 1M5, Canada Yuko Takeuchi, Ph.D. Assistant Professor Laboratory of Environmental Mycoscience Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502, Japan Library of Congress Control Number: 2008926209 ISBN: 978-4-431-75654-5 Springer Tokyo Berlin Heidelberg NewYork e-ISBN: 978-4-431-75655-2 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifi cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfi lms or in other ways, and storage in data banks. The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specifi c statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Springer is a part of Springer Science+Business Media springer.com © Springer 2008 Printed in Japan Typesetting: SNP Best-set Typesetter Ltd., Hong Kong Printing and binding: Kato Bunmeisha, Japan Printed on acid-free paper We dedicate this book to Dr. Y. Tokushige, Dr. T. Kiyohara, Dr. W.R. Nickle, Dr. Y. Mamiya, and all other pioneers in this fi eld. Foreword At the turn of the 20th Century, Japanese foresters began to notice the widespread mortality of pines around the port city of Nagasaki. For several decades the mortal- ity spread northward through the main island of Honshu. At the time was thought that wood boring beetles, prevalent in the dead trees, were the cause of the mortal- ity. The epidemic of pine mortality continues to this day; however, the nature of the investigation into the epidemiology of the disease changed with the determina- tion by Kiyohara and Tokushige in 1971, that the causal agent to the rapid wilting of Japanese red and Japanese black pines was not the beetle but rather a species of nematode vectored by the beetle. This discovery was not anticipated as nematodes were not considered the casual agents of tree disease. Indeed, a quick review of forest pathology texts from that time would provide a paucity of signifi cant information about nematodes. The only nematode-caused tree disease to be found in the literature of the time was red ring disease of coconut palm caused by the weevil-vectored nematode, Bursaphelenchus cocophilus. With the identifi cation of the pine wood nematode, serious research on the biology and ecology of pine wilt began in Japan. A few years later, at the sugges- tion of visiting researchers from Japan, pine wood nematodes were recovered from the wood of a dead Austrian pine in Columbia, Missouri, USA. A fi rst thought to be an introduction of the nematode into North America it was soon realized that the nematode was native to North America and was likely introduced into Japan in the early 1900s. Human activity has resulted in the intentional and accidently distribution of plant and animal species beyond their historical geographical distributions. Most unin- tentional introductions fail to establish in their new environment; however, there have been many striking examples of ecosystems being threaten by the establish- ment of an exotic organism. Among the dramatic examples in forest ecosystems are chestnut blight, Dutch elm disease, gypsy moth and the hemlock woolly adelgid. The introduction of the pine wood nematode into Japan and its subsequent spread to China, Korea and more recently Portugal is yet another example. VI Foreword VII The research community continues to make impressive strides in understanding the complex relationships that govern the interactions between the nematode, the beetle, the tree and associated microorganisms. The system is a beautifully syn- chronized series of interactions that involves numerous cross species signals that act to synchronize tree decline, beetle colonization, nematode development and nematode attraction to newly-formed adult beetles. This volume represents the state of knowledge of the pine wilt system in eastern Asia and the efforts to control its spread. As such it will become a valuable resource for researchers, resource managers and students. Marc J. Linit Professor of Entomology and Associate Dean for Research and Extension University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA IUFRO Coordinator Working Party 7.02.10—Pine Wilt Disease Preface The year 1905 witnessed the fi rst description of pine wilt disease at Nagasaki on the island of Kyushu in Japan, but the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, was not identifi ed as the causal agent of the disease until 1971, when Kiyohara and Tokushige demonstrated the pathogenicity of the nematode by inocu- lating 25-year-old Pinus densifl ora. The analysis of DNA from several studies indicates that the pine wood nematode was introduced to Japan from the United States. Since the fi rst outbreak on the island of Honshu at Aioi in 1914, the disease has been found in North America (Canada, the United States, and Mexico), in East Asia (Japan, Korea, and China), and in Europe (Portugal). It has now become a worldwide threat to forest ecology and international trade. Thanks to vigorous work and unremitting efforts devoted to research into pine wilt disease by scientists around the world, we now have a better understanding of the disease, e.g., systematics, diagnostics of the nematode, and the biology, ecology and modeling of the insect vectors, physiology and resistance of the host tree, and interactions between the nematode and its associated microbe. However, more mysteries behind the symptoms remain to be explained. For example, many scien- tists agree that toxins are involved in the disease, but the origin or origins of certain toxins are not entirely clear. Reports have shown that axenic B. xylophilus lost its pathogenicity and did not result in wilting symptoms when host seedlings were inoculated with it. Meanwhile, inoculation with a mixture of pathogenic bacteria carried by the nematode and the axenic nematode resulted in wilt and death of seedlings in Pinus thunbergii. Moreover, mutualistic symbiosis between the nema- tode and the bacteria carrying it was discovered. A hypothesis was then proposed, namely, that pine wilt disease was a complex one caused by both the nematode and its associated pathogenic bacteria, which sheds light on a new direction for research. I think better understanding of the etiology of the disease will pave the way to stopping its spread. Therefore, further basic research is needed in interac- tions between B. xylophilus, the bacterial pathogens, and the molecular biology of pathogenicity in the disease. However, some scientists, on the basis of their own experiments, hold opposing opinions, contrary to the above-mentioned hypothesis. I think that is quite normal. Debate among those with differing points of view will VIII Preface IX accelerate the development of a better understanding of certain scientifi c issues. We welcome critical reviews from readers of all the contents of this book. When Dr. K. Futai paid a visit to China in 2006, we discussed the possibility of compiling a book on pine wilt disease for the purpose of providing useful assistance for researchers, university graduates, and foresters, and both of us believed that it was the right time to compile a book integrating recent research progress and criti- cal assessment of the state of our understanding of the disease. Since then, many prestigious scientists knowledgeable about the disease and the research have been invited to join our efforts by contributing their intelligence and wisdom to the compilation of the book. I would like to thank all the contributors to the book whether or not they are listed as authors, and I appreciate those who conducted most of the fi eld work and scientifi c instrument analyses. Special acknowledgments are also given to the spon- sors and providers of funds for their support for the research resulting in publication of this book. My project team thanks the Natural Science Foundation of China (Key Projects Nos. 30430580 and 30030110), the State Forestry Administration, the People’s Republic of China (Project No. 20070430), and the Nanjing Forestry University for their fi nancial support of our research. Nanjing, May 2008 Professor Bo Guang Zhao Nanjing Forestry University People’s Republic of China Contents Foreword . VI Preface . VIII Contributors . XIII Color Plates . XVII Part I Historical Overview. 1 1 Introduction . 2 2 Pine Wilt in Japan: From First Incidence to the Present . 5 Kazuyoshi Futai 3 A Brief Overview of the Pine Wood Nematode and Pine Wilt Disease in Canada and the United States . 13 Jack R. Sutherland 4 Pine Wilt Disease in China . 18 Bo Guang Zhao 5 Pine Wilt Disease in Korea . 26 Sang-Chul Shin 6 Pine Wilt Disease in Portugal . 33 Manuel M. Mota and Paulo C. Vieira 7 Concluding Remarks . 39 Part II Pine Wood Nematode . 41 8 Introduction . 42 9 Taxonomy and Systematics of the Nematode Genus Bursaphelenchus (Nematoda: Parasitaphelenchidae) . 44 Natsumi Kanzaki 10 Parasitism Genes of the Pine Wood Nematode . 67 Taisei Kikuchi X Contents XI 11 Embryology and Cytology of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus . 81 Koichi Hasegawa and Johji Miwa 12 Population Ecology of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus . 105 Shuhei Takemoto 13 Transmission Biology of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus in Relation to Its Insect Vector .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Gastrointestinal Helminthic Parasites of Habituated Wild Chimpanzees
    Aus dem Institut für Parasitologie und Tropenveterinärmedizin des Fachbereichs Veterinärmedizin der Freien Universität Berlin Gastrointestinal helminthic parasites of habituated wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) in the Taï NP, Côte d’Ivoire − including characterization of cultured helminth developmental stages using genetic markers Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung des Grades eines Doktors der Veterinärmedizin an der Freien Universität Berlin vorgelegt von Sonja Metzger Tierärztin aus München Berlin 2014 Journal-Nr.: 3727 Gedruckt mit Genehmigung des Fachbereichs Veterinärmedizin der Freien Universität Berlin Dekan: Univ.-Prof. Dr. Jürgen Zentek Erster Gutachter: Univ.-Prof. Dr. Georg von Samson-Himmelstjerna Zweiter Gutachter: Univ.-Prof. Dr. Heribert Hofer Dritter Gutachter: Univ.-Prof. Dr. Achim Gruber Deskriptoren (nach CAB-Thesaurus): chimpanzees, helminths, host parasite relationships, fecal examination, characterization, developmental stages, ribosomal RNA, mitochondrial DNA Tag der Promotion: 10.06.2015 Contents I INTRODUCTION ---------------------------------------------------- 1- 4 I.1 Background 1- 3 I.2 Study objectives 4 II LITERATURE OVERVIEW --------------------------------------- 5- 37 II.1 Taï National Park 5- 7 II.1.1 Location and climate 5- 6 II.1.2 Vegetation and fauna 6 II.1.3 Human pressure and impact on the park 7 II.2 Chimpanzees 7- 12 II.2.1 Status 7 II.2.2 Group sizes and composition 7- 9 II.2.3 Territories and ranging behavior 9 II.2.4 Diet and hunting behavior 9- 10 II.2.5 Contact with humans 10 II.2.6
    [Show full text]
  • Genomic and Transcriptomic Analyses of the Subterranean Termite
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.07.11.451559; this version posted July 12, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 1 Genomic and transcriptomic analyses of the 2 subterranean termite Reticulitermes speratus: gene 3 duplication facilitates social evolution 4 5 Shuji Shigenobu*+1,2, Yoshinobu Hayashi+3, Dai Watanabe 4,5, Gaku Tokuda6, 6 Masaru Y Hojo6,19, Kouhei Toga5,7, Ryota Saiki5, Hajime Yaguchi5,8, Yudai 7 Masuoka5,9, Ryutaro Suzuki5,10, Shogo Suzuki5, Moe Kimura11, Masatoshi 8 Matsunami4,12, Yasuhiro Sugime4, Kohei Oguchi4,10,13, Teruyuki Niimi2,14, Hiroki 9 Gotoh15,20, Masaru K Hojo8, Satoshi Miyazaki16, Atsushi Toyoda17, Toru Miura*4,13, 10 Kiyoto Maekawa*18 11 12 1) NIBB Research Core Facilities, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, 13 444-8585 Japan 14 2) Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, The Graduate University for 15 Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444- 16 8585, Japan 17 3) Department of Biology, Keio University, Hiyoshi, Yokohama, 223-8521, Japan 18 4) Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 19 Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan 20 5) Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama, 21 930-8555, Japan 22 6) Tropical Biosphere Research Center, COMB, University of the Ryukyus, 23 Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan 24 7) Department of Biosciences, College of Humanities and Sciences,
    [Show full text]
  • GFS Fungal Remains from Late Neogene Deposits at the Gray
    GFS Mycosphere 9(5): 1014–1024 (2018) www.mycosphere.org ISSN 2077 7019 Article Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/9/5/5 Fungal remains from late Neogene deposits at the Gray Fossil Site, Tennessee, USA Worobiec G1, Worobiec E1 and Liu YC2 1 W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lubicz 46, PL-31-512 Kraków, Poland 2 Department of Biological Sciences and Office of Research & Sponsored Projects, California State University, Fullerton, CA 92831, U.S.A. Worobiec G, Worobiec E, Liu YC 2018 – Fungal remains from late Neogene deposits at the Gray Fossil Site, Tennessee, USA. Mycosphere 9(5), 1014–1024, Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/9/5/5 Abstract Interesting fungal remains were encountered during palynological investigation of the Neogene deposits at the Gray Fossil Site, Washington County, Tennessee, USA. Both Cephalothecoidomyces neogenicus and Trichothyrites cf. padappakarensis are new for the Neogene of North America, while remains of cephalothecoid fungus Cephalothecoidomyces neogenicus G. Worobiec, Neumann & E. Worobiec, fragments of mantle tissue of mycorrhizal Cenococcum and sporocarp of epiphyllous Trichothyrites cf. padappakarensis (Jain & Gupta) Kalgutkar & Jansonius were reported. Remains of mantle tissue of Cenococcum for the fossil state are reported for the first time. The presence of Cephalothecoidomyces, Trichothyrites, and other fungal remains previously reported from the Gray Fossil Site suggest warm and humid palaeoclimatic conditions in the southeast USA during the late Neogene, which is in accordance with data previously obtained from other palaeontological analyses at the Gray Fossil Site. Key words – Cephalothecoid fungus – Epiphyllous fungus – Miocene/Pliocene – Mycorrhizal fungus – North America – palaeoecology – taxonomy Introduction Fungal organic remains, usually fungal spores and dispersed sporocarps, are frequently found in a routine palynological investigation (Elsik 1996).
    [Show full text]
  • Genetically Modified Baculoviruses for Pest
    INSECT CONTROL BIOLOGICAL AND SYNTHETIC AGENTS This page intentionally left blank INSECT CONTROL BIOLOGICAL AND SYNTHETIC AGENTS EDITED BY LAWRENCE I. GILBERT SARJEET S. GILL Amsterdam • Boston • Heidelberg • London • New York • Oxford Paris • San Diego • San Francisco • Singapore • Sydney • Tokyo Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier Academic Press, 32 Jamestown Road, London, NW1 7BU, UK 30 Corporate Drive, Suite 400, Burlington, MA 01803, USA 525 B Street, Suite 1800, San Diego, CA 92101-4495, USA ª 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved The chapters first appeared in Comprehensive Molecular Insect Science, edited by Lawrence I. Gilbert, Kostas Iatrou, and Sarjeet S. Gill (Elsevier, B.V. 2005). All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier’s Rights Department in Oxford, UK: phone (þ44) 1865 843830, fax (þ44) 1865 853333, e-mail [email protected]. Requests may also be completed on-line via the homepage (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/permissions). Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Insect control : biological and synthetic agents / editors-in-chief: Lawrence I. Gilbert, Sarjeet S. Gill. – 1st ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-12-381449-4 (alk. paper) 1. Insect pests–Control. 2. Insecticides. I. Gilbert, Lawrence I. (Lawrence Irwin), 1929- II. Gill, Sarjeet S. SB931.I42 2010 632’.7–dc22 2010010547 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 978-0-12-381449-4 Cover Images: (Top Left) Important pest insect targeted by neonicotinoid insecticides: Sweet-potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci; (Top Right) Control (bottom) and tebufenozide intoxicated by ingestion (top) larvae of the white tussock moth, from Chapter 4; (Bottom) Mode of action of Cry1A toxins, from Addendum A7.
    [Show full text]
  • Kinomes of Selected Parasitic Helminths - Fundamental and Applied Implications
    KINOMES OF SELECTED PARASITIC HELMINTHS - FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED IMPLICATIONS Andreas Julius Stroehlein BSc (Bingen am Rhein, Germany) MSc (Berlin, Germany) ORCID ID 0000-0001-9432-9816 Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy July 2017 Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne Produced on archival quality paper ii SUMMARY ________________________________________________________________ Worms (helminths) are a large, paraphyletic group of organisms including free-living and parasitic representatives. Among the latter, many species of roundworms (phylum Nematoda) and flatworms (phylum Platyhelminthes) are of major socioeconomic importance worldwide, causing debilitating diseases in humans and livestock. Recent advances in molecular technologies have allowed for the analysis of genomic and transcriptomic data for a range of helminth species. In this context, studying molecular signalling pathways in these species is of particular interest and should help to gain a deeper understanding of the evolution and fundamental biology of parasitism among these species. To this end, the objective of the present thesis was to characterise and curate the protein kinase complements (kinomes) of parasitic worms based on available transcriptomic data and draft genome sequences using a bioinformatic workflow in order to increase our understanding of how kinase signalling regulates fundamental biology and also to gain new insights into the evolution of protein kinases in parasitic worms. In addition, this work also aimed to investigate protein kinases with regard to their potential as useful targets for the development of novel anthelmintic small-molecule agents. This thesis consists of a literature review, four chapters describing original research findings and a general discussion.
    [Show full text]
  • Ectomycorrhizal Ecology Is Imprinted in the Genome of the Dominant Symbiotic Fungus Cenococcum Geophilum Martina Peter, Annegret Kohler, Robin A
    Ectomycorrhizal ecology is imprinted in the genome of the dominant symbiotic fungus Cenococcum geophilum Martina Peter, Annegret Kohler, Robin A. Ohm, Alan Kuo, Jennifer Kruetzmann, Emmanuelle Morin, Matthias Arend, Kerrie W. Barry, Manfred Binder, Cindy Choi, et al. To cite this version: Martina Peter, Annegret Kohler, Robin A. Ohm, Alan Kuo, Jennifer Kruetzmann, et al.. Ectomycor- rhizal ecology is imprinted in the genome of the dominant symbiotic fungus Cenococcum geophilum. Nature Communications, Nature Publishing Group, 2016, 7, pp.1-15. 10.1038/ncomms12662. hal- 01439098 HAL Id: hal-01439098 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01439098 Submitted on 7 Jan 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution| 4.0 International License ARTICLE Received 4 Nov 2015 | Accepted 21 Jul 2016 | Published 7 Sep 2016 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12662 OPEN Ectomycorrhizal ecology is imprinted in the genome of the dominant symbiotic fungus Cenococcum geophilum Martina Peter1,*, Annegret Kohler2,*, Robin A. Ohm3,4, Alan Kuo3, Jennifer Kru¨tzmann5, Emmanuelle Morin2, Matthias Arend1, Kerrie W. Barry3, Manfred Binder6, Cindy Choi3, Alicia Clum3, Alex Copeland3, Nadine Grisel1, Sajeet Haridas3, Tabea Kipfer1, Kurt LaButti3, Erika Lindquist3, Anna Lipzen3, Renaud Maire1, Barbara Meier1, Sirma Mihaltcheva3, Virginie Molinier1, Claude Murat2, Stefanie Po¨ggeler7,8, C.
    [Show full text]
  • Dothistroma Septosporum
    Copyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and private study only. The thesis may not be reproduced elsewhere without the permission of the Author. Secondary metabolism of the forest pathogen Dothistroma septosporum A thesis presented in the partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Genetics at Massey University, Manawatu, New Zealand Ibrahim Kutay Ozturk 2016 ABSTRACT Dothistroma septosporum is a fungus causing the disease Dothistroma needle blight (DNB) on more than 80 pine species in 76 countries, and causes serious economic losses. A secondary metabolite (SM) dothistromin, produced by D. septosporum, is a virulence factor required for full disease expression but is not needed for the initial formation of disease lesions. Unlike the majority of fungal SMs whose biosynthetic enzyme genes are arranged in a gene cluster, dothistromin genes are dispersed in a fragmented arrangement. Therefore, it was of interest whether D. septosporum has other SMs that are required in the disease process, as well as having SM genes that are clustered as in other fungi. Genome sequencing of D. septosporum revealed that D. septosporum has 11 SM core genes, which is fewer than in closely related species. In this project, gene cluster analyses around the SM core genes were done to assess if there are intact or other fragmented gene clusters. In addition, one of the core SM genes, DsNps3, that was highly expressed at an early stage of plant infection, was knocked out and the phenotype of this mutant was analysed.
    [Show full text]
  • Ostertagia Ostertagi Excretory-Secretory Products
    Academic Year 2007-2008 Laboratory for Parasitology Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology Ghent University – Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Study of Ostertagia ostertagi excretory-secretory products Heidi Saverwyns Proefschrift voorgelegd aan de faculteit Diergeneeskunde tot het behalen van de graad van Doctor in de Diergeneeskundige Wetenschappen Promotoren: Prof. Dr. E. Claerebout en Dr. P. Geldhof Het heeft wel eventjes geduurd, maar nu is het zover. Veel mensen hebben de afgelopen jaren direct of indirect hun medewerking verleend aan het tot stand komen van dit proefschrift. Een aantal van hen wil ik hier persoonlijk bedanken. In eerste instantie wens ik Prof dr. Jozef Vercuysse en mijn promotor Prof. Dr. Edwin Claerebout te bedanken omdat jullie mij de kans boden om op het labo Parasitologie te doctoreren. Jullie deur stond altijd open zowel in goede tijden als in slechte tijden. Bedankt voor alles!! Peter, nog maar pas terug uit Moredun en vervolgens gebombardeerd tot mijn promotor. Jouw hulp was onmisbaar bij het vervolledigen van dit proefschrift. Hopelijk heb je niet te veel fietsuren moeten missen door de ontelbare corrigeersessies. Denk vooral aan die ‘oh zo leuke bureau momenten’ wanneer we samen neurieden op mijn nieuwste ringtone. Dr. Marc Fransen, bedankt voor alle hulp en goede tips wanneer mijn fagen niet deden wat van hen verwacht werd. Natuurlijk wil ik u ook bedanken voor het gedetailleerd en supersnel nalezen van dit proefschrift! Isabel, jouw hersenspinsels (neergepend in een FWO aanvraag) betekenden het startsignaal van een wilde rit op het faagdisplay rad. Je hebt ons reeds enkele jaren geleden verlaten, desalniettemin was je direct bereid om in mijn leescommissie te zetelen.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparisons of Two Polymorphic Species of Ostertagia And
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Faculty Publications from the Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology Parasitology, Harold W. Manter Laboratory of 1998 Comparisons of Two Polymorphic Species of Ostertagia and Phylogenetic Relationships within the Ostertagiinae (Nematoda: Trichostrongyloidea) Inferred from Ribosomal DNA Repeat and Mitochondrial DNA Sequences Dante S. Zarlenga Agricultural Research Service, Immunology and Disease Resistance Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture Eric P. Hoberg Agricultural Research Service, Immunology and Disease Resistance Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, [email protected] Frank Stringfellow Agricultural Research Service, Immunology and Disease Resistance Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture J. Ralph Lichtenfels Animal Parasitic Disease Lab, ARS, United States Department of Agriculture, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/parasitologyfacpubs Part of the Parasitology Commons Zarlenga, Dante S.; Hoberg, Eric P.; Stringfellow, Frank; and Lichtenfels, J. Ralph, "Comparisons of Two Polymorphic Species of Ostertagia and Phylogenetic Relationships within the Ostertagiinae (Nematoda: Trichostrongyloidea) Inferred from Ribosomal DNA Repeat and Mitochondrial DNA Sequences" (1998). Faculty Publications from the Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology. 637. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/parasitologyfacpubs/637 This Article is brought to you for free and open
    [Show full text]
  • Morphometric Analysis of Coptotermes Spp. Soldier Caste (Blattodea: Rhinotermitidae) in Indonesia and Evidence of Coptotermes Gestroi Extreme Head-Capsule Shapes
    insects Article Morphometric Analysis of Coptotermes spp. Soldier Caste (Blattodea: Rhinotermitidae) in Indonesia and Evidence of Coptotermes gestroi Extreme Head-Capsule Shapes Bramantyo Wikantyoso 1,2,*, Shu-Ping Tseng 3, Setiawan Khoirul Himmi 2 , Sulaeman Yusuf 2 and Tsuyoshi Yoshimura 1 1 Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere (RISH), Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan; [email protected] 2 Research Center for Biomaterials, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI) Jl. Raya Bogor km 46 Cibinong, Bogor 16911, Indonesia; [email protected] (S.K.H.); [email protected] (S.Y.) 3 Department of Entomology, University of California, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Simple Summary: The morphological characteristics of the soldier caste in termites provide valuable taxonomic information at the species level. Head-shape variation in soldiers was often used as an indicative characteristic in some genera. While species with egg-shaped and waterdrop-shaped head capsule (HC), Coptotermes gestroi and C. curvignathus, respectively, are familiar in Indonesia, neither a measurement nor head index may avoid the subjectivity of shape interpretation. We conducted linear Citation: Wikantyoso, B.; Tseng, S.-P.; and geometric morphometrics analyses of soldiers’ HC of Coptotermes spp. obtained from various Himmi, S.K.; Yusuf, S.; Yoshimura, T. locations in Indonesia. Although subtle differences were observed, the posterior parts of the HC Morphometric Analysis of laterally expanded in a gradual manner in C. gestroi, C. sepangensis, and C. curvignathus in that order. Coptotermes spp. Soldier Caste Furthermore, three extreme head-shape variations of C.
    [Show full text]
  • Patterns in Ectomycorrhizal Diversity, Community Composition, and Exploration Types in European Beech, Pine, and Spruce Forests
    Article Patterns in Ectomycorrhizal Diversity, Community Composition, and Exploration Types in European Beech, Pine, and Spruce Forests Christoph Rosinger 1, Hans Sandén 1, Bradley Matthews 1, Mathias Mayer 1 ID and Douglas L. Godbold 1,2,* 1 Institute of Forest Ecology, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria; [email protected] (C.R.); [email protected] (H.S.); [email protected] (B.M.); [email protected] (M.M.) 2 Global Change Research Institute, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Department of Landscape Carbon Deposition, 37001 Ceské Budejovice, Czech Republic * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +43-1-47654-91211 Received: 12 June 2018; Accepted: 23 July 2018; Published: 25 July 2018 Abstract: Ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi are pivotal drivers of ecosystem functioning in temperate and boreal forests. They constitute an important pathway for plant-derived carbon into the soil and facilitate nitrogen and phosphorus acquisition. However, the mechanisms that drive ectomycorrhizal diversity and community composition are still subject to discussion. We investigated patterns in ectomycorrhizal diversity, community composition, and exploration types on root tips in Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies, and Pinus sylvestris stands across Europe. Host tree species is the most important factor shaping the ectomycorrhizal community as well as the distribution of exploration types. Moreover, abiotic factors such as soil properties, N deposition, temperature, and precipitation, were found to significantly influence EM diversity and community composition. A clear differentiation into functional traits by means of exploration types was shown for all ectomycorrhizal communities across the three analyzed tree species.
    [Show full text]
  • Ectomycorrhizal Fungal Assemblages of Nursery-Grown Scots Pine Are Influenced by Age of the Seedlings
    Article Ectomycorrhizal Fungal Assemblages of Nursery-Grown Scots Pine are Influenced by Age of the Seedlings Maria Rudawska * and Tomasz Leski Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035 Kórnik, Poland; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) is the most widely distributed pine species in Europe and is relevant in terms of planted areas and harvest yields. Therefore, each year the demand for planting stock of Scots pine is exceedingly high, and large quantities of seedlings are produced annually throughout Europe to carry out reforestation and afforestation programs. Abundant and diverse ectomycorrhizal (ECM) symbiosis is critical for the success of seedlings once planted in the field. To improve our knowledge of ECM fungi that inhabit bare-root nursery stock of Scots pine and understand factors that influence their diversity, we studied the assemblages of ECM fungi present across 23 bare-root forest nurseries in Poland. Nursery stock samples were characterized by a high level of ECM colonization (nearly 100%), and a total of 29 ECM fungal taxa were found on 1- and 2- year-old seedlings. The diversity of the ECM community depended substantially on the nursery and age of the seedlings, and species richness varied from 3–10 taxa on 1-year-old seedlings and 6–13 taxa on 2-year-old seedlings. The ECM fungal communities that developed on the studied nursery stock were characterized by the prevalence of Ascomycota over Basidiomycota members on 1-year-old seedlings. All ecological indices (diversity, dominance, and evenness) were significantly affected by age of the seedlings, most likely because dominant ECM morphotypes on 1-year-old seedlings (Wilcoxina mikolae) were replaced by other dominant ones (e.g., Suillus luteus, Rhizopogon roseolus, Thelephora terrestris, Hebeloma crustuliniforme), mostly from Basidiomycota, on 2-year-old seedlings.
    [Show full text]