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Eradicating Modern Slavery, an Assessment of Commonwealth Governments' Progress on Achieving SDG Target

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Eradicating Modern Slavery, an Assessment of Commonwealth Governments' Progress on Achieving SDG Target ERADICATING MODERN SLAVERY An assessment of Commonwealth governments’ progress on achieving SDG Target 8.7 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Collaboration and coordination within civil society within and across borders, are vital to hold Commonwealth governments to account to end modern slavery� CONTENTS The collaboration between the Commonwealth Human Rights Initiative (CHRI) and Walk Free, an initiative of Minderoo Foundation, contributes to a collective voice calling for stronger, not just more, government action� Eradicating modern slavery: An assessment of Commonwealth governments’ progress on achieving SDG Target 8�7 builds on the previous work of both CHRI and Walk Free, and is a deeper dive into Commonwealth-wide responses to eradicating modern slavery� FOREWORD BY GRACE FORREST, WALK FREE ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������2 We are deeply grateful to both the CHRI team in London and the Walk Free teams FOREWORD BY ALISON DUXBURY, CHRI �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������3 in London and in Perth for their contributions to this project� The collaboration is led by Katharine Bryant, Lead of European Engagement of Walk Free, and Sneh Aurora, EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������7 Director of CHRI’s London office� Together with Raja Bagga and Pooja Larvin of CHRI, this core team led the research and drafting, with contributions from Lauren Jackson, INTRODUCTION ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 10 Elise Gordon, Brittany Quy, Elly Williams of Walk Free, while David White, Ellen Shustik, Hannah Bondi, and Stef Monaco, all formerly at CHRI, set the ball rolling� ABOUT THIS REPORT ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������14 Indispensable to this report was CHRI’s team of interns who for months diligently COMMONWEALTH HIGHLIGHTS ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������20 collected, checked, and cross-checked data: Thank you - Nayena Gami, Abigail Goldman, Richard Hydes, Kaylin Jolivette, Charlotte Kissick-Jones, Verena Meyners, GLOBAL FINDINGS ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������23 Melina Moss-Vazquez, Garima Pandey, Eva Rana, Adriana Rodriquez, Willow Ross, Tehleel Sathoo, Gaby Sepulveda, Jacquelyn Silva, and Lusa Tshibangu� GLOBAL RECOMMENDATIONS ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������34 We also extend our appreciation to those who took the time to review and share reflections� From CHRI, this included: International Board Chair, Alison Duxbury; London Executive REGIONAL ANALYSIS ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������37 Committee Chair,Joanna Ewart-James; International Director, Sanjoy Hazarika; London Executive Committee members, Owen Tudor, Richard Bourne, Pralab Barua, Africa ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������38 and Emma Kerr; and Head of the Prisons Reform Programme, Madhurima Dhanuka� From Walk Free, Lead of Global Research, Jacqui Joudo Larsen and Founding Director, Americas ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������48 Grace Forrest� From Minderoo Foundation: Deputy CEO, Felicity Gooding and Publications Editor, Shanta Barley� Asia �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������58 And, of course, thanks to Tina Mash and Emma Dolzadelli who expertly designed Europe �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������70 the final publication� Launch of the report was organised with the additional assistance of Francisca Sassetti, Eliza Rogers, Madeline Arnold, Aditya Sharma, Lara Silah, Pacific ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������78 and Ella Phelan-Burnett� We would particularly like to thank all the survivors, civil society groups, and other APPENDICES experts who have provided invaluable insights on the issues covered in this report, Appendix A: Terminology ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������88 including those from the Commonwealth 8�7 Network� The report is improved significantly by their feedback� Appendix B: Conceptual Framework ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 90 Appendix C: Endnotes �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������96 (Cover) Saidpur, Bangladesh, April 26, 2016. A female labourer carrying coal to the coal chamber of brick field covering her head with her cloth to protect herself from coal dust. Those working in brick kilns in south Asia are vulnerable to bonded labour, which occurs when a person is forced to work to pay off a debt. This debt can be inherited, with whole families forced to work. Workers can experience hazardous and toxic conditions, from dusk to dawn every day, working for below minimum wages. Photo credit: Mohammad Saiful Islam/NurPhoto via Getty Images. Copyright © 2020. The Minderoo Foundation Pty Ltd. All rights reserved. Copyright © 2020. Commonwealth Human Rights Initiative. All rights reserved. Material from this report may be used or reproduced, duly acknowledging the source. 2 3 FOREWORD FOREWORD BY GRACE FORREST, WALK FREE BY ALISON DUXBURY, CHRI One in every 150 people in the Commonwealth is living in modern slavery Time is running out for Commonwealth states to meet targets to end modern slavery This is not a statistic from the 1700s, when the transatlantic Leaders may feel that addressing modern slavery is Only 10 years remain to fulfil the ambitious objective slave trade was at its height� It was taken from the 2018 secondary to tackling a pandemic� However, we must set by states in Sustainable Development Goal Global Slavery Index, the world’s leading dataset on remain focussed on the fact that the enslavement (SDG) Target 8�7 — to take immediate and effective measuring and understanding modern slavery� of millions of people, is also a global crisis� measures to end modern slavery by 2030� At the 2018 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting The effects of British colonisation — of which slavery Walk Free and the Commonwealth Human Rights (CHOGM), leaders reaffirmed their commitment to was a cornerstone — are still felt today� Centuries on Initiative have united to hold Commonwealth nations these targets and encouraged members to endorse from the abolition of slavery, racism and inequality to the promises made at the 2018 Commonwealth the United Nations General Assembly’s call to action are still roadblocks to sustainable development Heads of Government Meeting� As this report finds, and to ratify and implement international agreements for many countries across the Commonwealth� little progress has been made in the last two years� and adopt national strategies on this issue� This underscores the need to address ongoing My team and I have spent the past few years exploitation in our communities and call out injustice The 2018 CHOGM Communiqué reflects the working in consultation with survivors throughout and entrenched discrimination wherever it occurs� intent amongst Commonwealth governments the Commonwealth and around the world� The data to work together to achieve SDG Target 8�7� Alarmingly, slavery exists in each of the 54 countries that and recommendations in this report are informed This report offers a roadmap for action� make up the Commonwealth and is deeply embedded in by the voices of people on the frontline� They have transnational supply chains� Whether it is a construction the greatest understanding of how to remove critical Eradicating Modern Slavery, jointly authored by worker held in a situation of forced labour, a fisherman roadblocks to respond effectively to this global the Commonwealth Human Rights Initiative (CHRI) trapped in debt bondage, garment workers forced to challenge� We thank each and every one of them and Walk Free, identifies gaps in existing policies, in ensuring that frontline perspectives inform the work through a pandemic for half the minimum wage, for their expertise and insight,
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