Content

Foreword 4 Chapter 04 Chapter 06 Preface 5 Auditorium catering A definition of all planning parameters Concepts of culinary service for spectators Chapter 01 relevant for a grandstand structure 38 Stadium catering 68 A history of stadium construction Spectator comfort 38 Kiosk concepts 71 A brief historical survey of building typologies Distribution of functions at World Cup First-aid points 71 and definitions of terms 10 Stadium 39 Production in the central kitchen 72 A historical definition of terms 10 Definition of seating accommodation 40 General WC areas 74 Circus and amphitheatre 12 Measurements of seats 40 Marcus Pollio Vitruvius 13 Barriers and sightline 41 Chapter 07 The theatre of Alberti 14 Barrier types 42 Media facilities From the baroque to the loggia theatre 16 Seating types 43 Working areas and requirements Divergences between geometric Safety barriers for seats 44 of the media and press 76 viewing angles 17 Standing accommodation 45 Media 76 Historical classifications 18 Radial gangways in standing areas 46 Working areas for the media 77 The Olympic idea 20 Crush barriers 47 Commentators' positions 78 Generations of stadia 21 Places for wheelchair users 48 Photographers 79 The origins of football 22 Location and number of places 49 Written press (print media) 80 Space requirements for wheelchair places 51 TV production 80 Chapter 02 Mixed Zone 82 Preliminary planning Chapter 05 Press centre in the stadium 83 A general overview of the measures l/IP areas & corporate hospitality FIFA - TV compound 84 to be taken in the run-up of const ruct ing Different concepts of hospitality and the special Temporary media facilities 85 a sports and event venue 24 function of executive lounges and boxes 52 Camera positions 88 Event and motivation 24 VIP lounges 52 Space requirements of camera positions 90 Preliminary planning 25 Executive capacities 56 Super slow motion 93 Combined GRW-procedure 26 VIP boxes 57 High Definition TV (16:9) 93 Noise control and traffic 27 World Cup Hospitality Concept 2006 58 Accessibility and stationary traffic 28 Concepts for private hospitality boxes 59 Chapter 08 Definition of the term 'box tier' 62 Players' area and changing rooms Chapter 03 Lounge concepts 64 Facilities for players, referees and Organizatiun of use Surface area demands for lounges 67 team officials 94 Determination of user groups and safety Players' area 94 aspects related to a sports complex 32 Players' bench and tunnel 96 Distribution of functions 32 Safety in sports stadia 33 Zoning and sectors 34 Sector division 35 • Entrance areas 36 Admission control system 36

http://d-nb.info/983936307 Chapter 09 Chapter 12 Chapter 15 Stadium administration The Modulor 'EN' Principles of sightline calculation Essential functional rooms such as stadium The definition of a typical stadium spectator A methodical approach to determine control room and other ancillary rooms 98 as an anthropometric minimum standard optimized sightline profiles for places Stadium control room 98 and contractually binding reference size for of congregat ion 150 Other ancillary rooms 99 the planning and construction of spectator Guidelines for sightline profiles 150 stands 122 General terminology 151 Chapter 10 The Modulor 'EN' (European Norm) 122 Calculation of single riser height 152 Planning principles Architecture and harmony 123 Sightline elevation |'C'value] 153 A listing of essential regulations and The'Golden Section' 124 The term'sightline' 154 recommendations for the construction Le Corbusier's Modulor 126 Stand elevation 155 of spectator facilities 100 'Homo bene figuratus' 127 Eye-point height in relation to Regulations and Recommendations 100 Anthropometrics 128 seating/standing place >1$ 156 Mandatory construction specifications 101 Seating row depth and width 158 Definition of EN/DIN 103 Chapter 13 Sightline elevation 'C' 159 The German MVStattV 2005 (Model regulation Physiology of viewing Distance of the 'first row' D 161 for places of assembly) 104 An evaluation of visual acuity, spatial Dimensioning of escape routes 105 perception and visual angle zones based on Chapter 16 Egress times 107 an examination of the human eye 130 Inclination and 'polygonal transformation' Holding capacity 108 Physiology of the eye 130 The optimization of viewing conditions by Physiology of visual acuity (resolution) 131 means of maximum slope and 'polygonal Chapter 11 Physiology of spatial viewing 133 transformation' of an eye-point curve 162 Pre-dimensioning and circulation Human field of perception 134 General introduction 162 Shedding light on the relationship between Visual perception 134 Radial gangway versus stairs 162 circulation systems and holding capacity 110 LIVE-effect 135 Request for deviation 164 External circulation systems 110 Viewing distance 136 Maximum gradient of stands 165 Internal circulation systems 112 Visual angle zones 138 Safety compensation (20 cm) 166 Radial gangway types 113 Optimum viewing circic 140 Limitation of rows (maximum Reduction factor 115 inclination) 167 Block definition for seating Chapter 14 'Polygonal transformation' 168 accommodation 116 Layout types and undulation Continuous difference in rise 169 Circulation areas 117 Defining geometrical families and explaining Parameter studies 171 Capacity pre-dimensioning 118 the geometrical context of ground plans and of inclination profiles for grandstands 142 Layout types 142 Theatre undulation 146 Chapter 17 Chapter 19 Chapter 21 Parameter studies Securing of the playing field Light and architecture Geometrical relations between the sightline The role of the 'first row' and securing of the Light orchestration and media-compatible parameters eye-point height, tread width, stadium interior toward the grandstand 196 floodlighting for event venues 226 'C' value and distance of the 'first row' 172 Significance of the 'first row' 196 Arena, 226 Calculation of a grandstand profile 172 Securing measures for the playing field 196 Comparison PTFE/PVC 227 Parameter: height and distance 173 Principles of pitch securing 197 Light and structure 228 Adjustment of'C' value 174 Option l: Elevation of the 'first row' 200 Floodlight planning 229 Sightline summary 176 Option 2: Installing a fence system 200 'Ring of Fire'- 231 Five-step method 177 Option 3: Moats 201 The development of floodlight technology 232 Option 4: Presence of security staff 201 Illuminance E 233 Chapter 18 Mobile security measures 202 Sports association guidelines 233 Playing fields Service ring with downward slope 204 Safety facilities 235 A summary of the major sports types and Rescue or relief gates 205 relevant dimensions as a means to determine Securing against streakers vs. securing Chapter 22 the minimum distance of a grandstand 178 against panic 206 Natural versus artificial turf Facilities for athletics competitions 178 Shedding light on a question of faith Orientation 179 Chapter 20 and the current technological status of Athletics arena 181 Adaptable stadia developments for the playing field 236 Form type 01 (IAAF standard 400-m Structural conversion of modern sports and Natural versus artificial turf 236 running track) 182 event facilities in the light of multifunctional The artificial turf fibre 238 Form type 02 (IAAF Double Bend utilization 208 'FIFA recommended 2 Star' 239 Track 40/70) 182 The adaptable coliseum 208 Natural turf 240 Form type 03 (IAAF Double Bend Multifunctional stadium interior 210 'GreenGoal' - FIFA WM 2006™ 241 Track 60) 183 Multipurpose hall 212 Turf exchange 242 Form type 04 (IAAF Double Bend Movable grass pitch 214 Factors supporting turf growth 243 Track 74/53) 183 Adaptable stadia 216 Football playing field 184 Retractable lower tier 218 Chapter 23 Baseball playing field 185 Convertible roofs 220 The planning of significant roof structures American football playing field 186 Retractable roof membranes 222 An overview of structural systems Rugby playing field 187 Adapting capacity 224 for fast orientation 244 Cricket playing field 188 Supplementary utilizations 225 Structural systematics 245 Australian Football playing field 189 Hybrid structural systems 245 Hockey playing field 190 Families of structural systems 246 Playing fields for indoor sports 191 Linear systems 248 Minimum angle of view at the advertising 'Simulated' spatial systems 250 hoarding 194 'True'spatial systems 251 System variants for perimeter board FIFA requirements for the roof 253 advertising 195 ^ FIFA scoreboard 254 Visual communication system 254 Chapter 24 Chapter 25 Grandstand profiles of built examples Final evaluation and compendium A comparison of the stadia for An assessment summary of the twelve German FIFA World Cup 2006™ in 256 World Cup stadia and selected stadia in World Cup Stadium Berlin 258 Korea /Japan, Portugal, Austria/Switzerland, Berlin - South Africa 338 Two-tier stadium (athletics) 262 Stadium evaluation 338 World Cup Stadium 268 FI FA WorldCup 2002™ 346 Signal Iduna Park, Dortmund - UEFA EURO 2004™ 348 Two-tier stadium (football) 270 FIFA WorldCup 2006™ 351 World Cup Stadium 274 UEFA EURO 2008™ 352 Commerzbank Arena, Frankfurt - FIFA WorldCup 2010™ 355 Two-tier stadium (football) 278 World Cup Stadium 282 Appendix Veltins Arena, Gelsenkirchen - Epilogue 357 Two-tier arena (multipurpose hall) 286 Notes 358 World Cup Stadium 290 Bibliography 362 AOL Arena, Hamburg - Sources 364 Three-tier stadium (football) 292 Acknowledgement 366 World Cup Stadium 296 Architects of the Football World Cup stadia, AWD Arena, Hanover - Germany 2006 367 Two-tier stadium (football) 298 List of advertisers 367 World Cup Stadium Kaiserslaulern 302 Fritz Walter Stadium, Kaiserslautern - One-tier stadium (football) 304 World Cup Stadium Cologne 308 RheinEnergieStadion, Cologne - Two-tier stadium (football) 310 World Cup Stadium 314 Zentralstadion, Leipzig - Two-tier stadium (football) 316 World Cup Stadium Munich 320 , Munich - Three-tier stadium (football) 322 World Cup Stadium Nuremberg 326 World Cup Stadium Nuremberg- Two-tier stadium (athletics) 328 World Cup Stadium 332 Gottlieb Daimler Stadium, Stuttgart - Two-tier stadium (athletics) 334