Cover Page for Proposal NASA Proposal Number Submitted to the TBD on Submit National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA PROCEDURE FOR HANDLING PROPOSALS This proposal shall be used and disclosed for evaluation purposes only, and a copy of this Government notice shall be applied to any reproduction or abstract thereof. Any authorized restrictive notices that the submitter places on this proposal shall also be strictly complied with. Disclosure of this proposal for any reason outside the Government evaluation purposes shall be made only to the extent authorized by the Government. SECTION I - Proposal Information

Principal Investigator E-mail Address Phone Number Judd Bowman [email protected] 480-965-8880 Street Address (1) Street Address (2) 550 E Tyler Mall P.O. Box 871404 City State / Province Postal Code Country Code Tempe AZ 85287-1404 US Proposal Title : Phoenix: Thermal Imaging to Explore the Impact of Urban Heat Islands on the Environment

Proposed Start Date Proposed End Date Total Budget 02 / 01 / 2016 08 / 01 / 2017 No budget required SECTION II - Application Information

NASA Program Announcement Number NASA Program Announcement Title NNH15ZDA010C Undergraduate Student Instrument Project (USIP) Student Flight Research Opportunity (SFRO) For Consideration By NASA Organization (the soliciting organization, or the organization to which an unsolicited proposal is submitted) NASA , Headquarters , Science Mission Directorate Date Submitted Submission Method Grants.gov Application Identifier Applicant Proposal Identifier Electronic Submission Only Type of Application Predecessor Award Number Other Federal Agencies to Which Proposal Has Been Submitted New International Participation Type of International Participation No SECTION III - Submitting Organization Information

DUNS Number CAGE Code Employer Identification Number (EIN or TIN) Organization Type 943360412 4B293 2A Organization Name (Standard/Legal Name) Company Division Arizona State University ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY Organization DBA Name Division Number ORSPA 6011 Street Address (1) Street Address (2) 660 S MILL AVE STE 312 City State / Province Postal Code Country Code TEMPE AZ 85281 USA SECTION IV - Proposal Point of Contact Information

Name Email Address Phone Number Judd Bowman [email protected] 480-965-8880 SECTION V - Certification and Authorization Certification of Compliance with Applicable Executive Orders and U.S. Code By submitting the proposal identified in the Cover Sheet/Proposal Summary in response to this Research Announcement, the Authorizing Official of the proposing organization (or the individual proposer if there is no proposing organization) as identified below: • certifies that the statements made in this proposal are true and complete to the best of his/her knowledge; • agrees to accept the obligations to comply with NASA award terms and conditions if an award is made as a result of this proposal; and • confirms compliance with all provisions, rules, and stipulations set forth in this solicitation. Willful provision of false information in this proposal and/or its supporting documents, or in reports required under an ensuing award, is a criminal offense (U.S. Code, Title 18, Section 1001).

Authorized Organizational Representative (AOR) Name AOR E-mail Address Phone Number

AOR Signature (Must have AOR's original signature. Do not sign "for" AOR.) Date

FORM NRESS-300 Version 3.0 Apr 09 PI Name : Judd Bowman NASA Proposal Number

Organization Name : Arizona State University TBD on Submit

Proposal Title : Phoenix: Thermal Imaging to Explore the Impact of Urban Heat Islands on the Environment SECTION VI - Team Members

Team Member Role Team Member Name Contact Phone E-mail Address PI Judd Bowman 480-965-8880 [email protected]

Organization/Business Relationship Cage Code DUNS# Arizona State University 4B293 943360412

International Participation U.S. Government Agency Total Funds Requested No 0.00

Team Member Role Team Member Name Contact Phone E-mail Address Co-I Nathaniel Butler 510-402-8652 [email protected]

Organization/Business Relationship Cage Code DUNS# Arizona State University 4B293 943360412

International Participation U.S. Government Agency Total Funds Requested No 0.00

Team Member Role Team Member Name Contact Phone E-mail Address Co-I Philip Christensen 480-965-1790 [email protected]

Organization/Business Relationship Cage Code DUNS# ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY 03HE7 806345658

International Participation U.S. Government Agency Total Funds Requested No 0.00

Team Member Role Team Member Name Contact Phone E-mail Address Co-I Thomas Sharp 480-965-3071 [email protected]

Organization/Business Relationship Cage Code DUNS# Arizona State University 4B293 943360412

International Participation U.S. Government Agency Total Funds Requested No 0.00

Team Member Role Team Member Name Contact Phone E-mail Address Co-I Jekanthan Thangavelautham 617-301-1301 [email protected]

Organization/Business Relationship Cage Code DUNS# Arizona State University 4B293 943360412

International Participation U.S. Government Agency Total Funds Requested No 0.00

Team Member Role Team Member Name Contact Phone E-mail Address Collaborator Gary Yale 928-777-6966 [email protected]

Organization/Business Relationship Cage Code DUNS# Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Inc. 7B563 052104791

International Participation U.S. Government Agency Total Funds Requested No 0.00

FORM NRESS-300 Version 3.0 Apr 09 PI Name : Judd Bowman NASA Proposal Number

Organization Name : Arizona State University TBD on Submit

Proposal Title : Phoenix: Thermal Imaging to Explore the Impact of Urban Heat Islands on the Environment SECTION VII - Project Summary

Urban environments have become an important component of the global climate system, yet regional (km-scale) environmental monitoring of cities and their surroundings remains lacking. Routine orbital imaging of cities can address the effects of urbanization on local and regional land-atmosphere interactions, air quality, health, hazard assessment, water and energy transportation, and other climate factors. We propose a 3U CubeSat to demonstrate the effectiveness of nanosat platforms to conduct scientific investigations of urban environments. The Phoenix CubeSat will carry a thermal-IR imaging payload to study spatial and temporal changes in the heat properties of Phoenix, Arizona. The imager is based on the THESIS instrument developed by an ASU student using commercial micro-bolometer arrays. The system will yield secondary science from thermal imaging of ocean currents, volcanic plumes, and other surface processes.

Minimum orbital requirements are satisfied by 40-degree inclinations and 400 km or higher altitudes. Launch will be coordinated through CSLI and operations will be conducted from ASU’s Tempe campus using its ground data station.

Phoenix will be designed and fabricated by ASU’s Sun Devil Satellite Lab undergraduate organization with mentoring from an ASU graduate student and faculty, including the PI and Prof. Phil Christensen. Senior capstone teams from ASU’s Schools of Engineering will work with interdisciplinary teams of geoscience and sustainability undergraduates to conduct the mission. ASU will create new internships for journalism undergraduates to be embedded in the project for documentation. Graphic design undergraduates will provide dedicated artwork for the spacecraft, mission materials, and data analytics.

FORM NRESS-300 Version 3.0 Apr 09 PI Name : Judd Bowman NASA Proposal Number

Organization Name : Arizona State University TBD on Submit

Proposal Title : Phoenix: Thermal Imaging to Explore the Impact of Urban Heat Islands on the Environment SECTION VIII - Other Project Information Proprietary Information

Is proprietary/privileged information included in this application? Yes

International Collaboration

Does this project involve activities outside the U.S. or partnership with International Collaborators? No

Principal Investigator Co-Investigator Collaborator Equipment Facilities No No No No No

Explanation :

NASA Civil Servant Project Personnel

Are NASA civil servant personnel participating as team members on this project (include funded and unfunded)? No

Fiscal Year Fiscal Year Fiscal Year Fiscal Year Fiscal Year Fiscal Year

Number of FTEs Number of FTEs Number of FTEs Number of FTEs Number of FTEs Number of FTEs

FORM NRESS-300 Version 3.0 Apr 09 PI Name : Judd Bowman NASA Proposal Number

Organization Name : Arizona State University TBD on Submit

Proposal Title : Phoenix: Thermal Imaging to Explore the Impact of Urban Heat Islands on the Environment SECTION VIII - Other Project Information Environmental Impact

Does this project have an actual or potential impact on the environment? Has an exemption been authorized or an environmental assessment (EA) or an No environmental impact statement (EIS) been performed? No

Environmental Impact Explanation:

Exemption/EA/EIS Explanation:

FORM NRESS-300 Version 3.0 Apr 09 PI Name : Judd Bowman NASA Proposal Number

Organization Name : Arizona State University TBD on Submit

Proposal Title : Phoenix: Thermal Imaging to Explore the Impact of Urban Heat Islands on the Environment SECTION VIII - Other Project Information Historical Site/Object Impact

Does this project have the potential to affect historic, archeological, or traditional cultural sites (such as Native American burial or ceremonial grounds) or historic objects (such as an historic aircraft or spacecraft)? No

Explanation:

FORM NRESS-300 Version 3.0 Apr 09 PI Name : Judd Bowman NASA Proposal Number

Organization Name : Arizona State University TBD on Submit

Proposal Title : Phoenix: Thermal Imaging to Explore the Impact of Urban Heat Islands on the Environment SECTION IX - Program Specific Data

Question 1 : Short Title:

Answer: Phoenix 3U CubeSat To Study Urban Heat Islands

Question 2 : Type of institution:

Answer: Educational Organization

Question 3 : Will any funding be provided to a federal government organization including NASA Centers, JPL, other Federal agencies, government laboratories, or Federally Funded Research and Development Centers (FFRDCs)?

Answer: No

Question 4 : Is this Federal government organization a different organization from the proposing (PI) organization?

Answer: N/A

Question 5 : Does this proposal include the use of NASA-provided high end computing?

Answer: No

Question 6 : Research Category:

Answer: 7) Suborbital rocket/balloon/airplane investigation

Question 7 : Team Members Missing From Cover Page:

Answer:

Question 8 : Does this proposal contain information and/or data that are subject to U.S. export control laws and regulations including Export Administration Regulations (EAR) and International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR).

Answer: No

Question 9 : I have identified the export-controlled material in this proposal.

Answer: N/A

Question 10 : I acknowledge that the inclusion of such material in this proposal may complicate the government's ability to evaluate the proposal. FORM NRESS-300 Version 3.0 Apr 09 Answer: N/A

Question 11 : Does the proposed work include any involvement with collaborators in China or with Chinese organizations, or does the proposed work include activities in China?

Answer: No

Question 12 : Are you planning for undergraduate students to be involved in the conduct of the proposed investigation?

Answer: Yes

Question 13 : If yes, how many different undergraduate students?

Answer: 20

Question 14 : What is the total number of student-months of involvement for all undergraduate students over the life of the proposed investigation?

Answer: 360

Question 15 : Provide the names and current year (1,2,3,4) for any undergraduate students that have already been identified.

Answer:

Question 16 : Are you planning for graduate students to be involved in the conduct of the proposed investigation?

Answer: Yes

Question 17 : If yes, how many different graduate students?

Answer: 1

Question 18 : What is the total number of student-months of involvement for all graduate students over the life of the proposed investigation?

Answer: 4

Question 19 : Provide the names and current year (1,2,3,4, etc.) for any graduate students that have already been identified.

Answer:

Question 20 : Space Grant

Answer: Yes

FORM NRESS-300 Version 3.0 Apr 09 Question 21 : Are all funded team members, including the PI, U.S. Citizens?

Answer: Yes

Question 22 : Sub-orbital platform

Answer: CubeSat

Question 23 : Requested Funding

Answer: $198,128

Question 24 : Total Project Cost

Answer: $198,128

FORM NRESS-300 Version 3.0 Apr 09 PI Name : Judd Bowman NASA Proposal Number

Organization Name : Arizona State University TBD on Submit

Proposal Title : Phoenix: Thermal Imaging to Explore the Impact of Urban Heat Islands on the Environment SECTION X - Budget

Total Budget: No budget required

FORM NRESS-300 Version 3.0 Apr 09

B. TABLE OF CONTENTS

SECTION C: Team Definition………………………………………………………… 1 A. Team Definition………………………………………………….. 1 B. Training and Mentoring Plan…………………………………….. 3 SECTION D: Science Investigation and Implementation……………………………... 6 A. Science Investigation…………………………………………….. 6 B. Science Requirements……………………………………………. 10 C. Science Payload………………………………………………….. 11 SECTION E: Mission Implementation………………………………………………… 12 A. Payload Interface…………………………………………………. 12 1. Power System……………………………………….. 12 2. ADCS……………………………………………….. 14 3. Communications and Telemetry…………………..... 14 4. Flight Computer…………………………………….. 15 5. Thermal Control…………………………………….. 15 B. Suborbital Platform/Concept of Operations (CONOPS)…………. 15 1. Orbit Selection………………………………………. 15 2. Ground Data Station……………………………….... 16 SECTION F: Schedule Narrative…………………………………………………...... 17 SECTION G: Management Requirements…………………………………………...... 18 A. Management………………………………………... 18 B. Risk Management…………………………………... 19 SECTION H: Cost Estimate………………………………………………………...... 20 A. Estimate…………………………………………….. 20 B. Tables……………………………………………….. 21 APPENDICES……………………………………………………………………...... 23 A. Science Traceability Matrix B. Mission Traceability Matrix C. Resumes D. List of Abbreviations and Acronyms E. References F. NASA Space Grant Proposal Addition G. Letters of Commitment

SECTION C: TEAM DEFINITION

A. Team Definition: This Space Grant Consortium proposal for OE funding was developed and written by the proposing ASU undergraduate student team and edited by the PI.

The proposed Phoenix 3U cubesat mission aims to investigate increasingly important urban heat island effects on the environment, focusing on the Phoenix, Arizona metropolitan region (home to ASU campuses), as well as several other U.S. cities, including Seattle, Minneapolis, New York, and Honolulu. The planned science investigation acquires regular thermal images of urban communities to address the evolving and variable role of urban environments on climate at regional and global scales, while providing a direct and immediate local impact for the student team and for our many of our home cities around the U.S.

The Phoenix project builds on existing student activities at ASU. The science investigation was conceived by our team members participating in SES 494 Commercialization Opportunities in Space, where students are challenged to build business cases for entrepreneurial activities exploiting the space environment. Our space commercialization team pitched CubeSat-based Earth-observing thermal imaging applications to members of the Sun Devil Satellite Lab (SDSL) student club and others at a weekly engineering coffee meeting. The project was selected as the most compelling to pursue in USIP. Our specific science objective was further strengthened by our science team members who had recently completed a unit on urban heat islands in SOS 100 Introduction to Sustainability, instructed by faculty mentor Brigette Bavousett. This project leverages the work of our graduate student mentor, Mike Veto, who developed the core design of our thermal infrared camera payload as part of his undergraduate senior thesis, in addition to lessons from AEE 445 Fundamentals of Spacecraft Design, AEE 462 Space Vehicle Dynamics and Control, and SES 494 Interplanetary CubeSat Design I, instructed by faculty mentors Daniel White and Co-I Jekan Thanga. Lastly, Phoenix builds on the longstanding interest of faculty mentor Co-I Phil Christensen in small satellites for monitoring urban environments (e.g. CitySat concept).

The project plan proposed here has been developed by a strong interdisciplinary team of 22 participating students, one graduate mentor, and 13 faculty mentors. The tables below summarize the core team already in place. Additional students will join the team through course offerings and internship competitions associated with the project once it begins. Our partner institution is Embry Riddle Aeronautical University (ERAU) in Prescott, Arizona. ERAU will recruit a student team to participate in telemetry communications, high-altitude balloon tests, and science operations training. Planned public engagement activities will bring the experience of the mission to the entire ASU and ERAU campus populations.

Faculty Mentors Name Department Summary Judd Bowman School of Earth and Dr. Bowman will guide the project and be the main mentor to participating (PI) Space Exploration students. He will co-instruct a new cross-listed cubesat design course. Nat Butler School of Earth and Dr. Butler will integrate cubesat software design into his 300-level (Co-I) Space Exploration numerical methods course. Jekan Thanga School of Earth and Dr. Thanga instructs the Earth and Space Exploration senior capstone (Co-I) Space Exploration course. He will provide training on space systems engineering and design.

1 of 68 Thomas School of Earth and Dr. Sharp will provide mentoring and expertise regarding engineering and Sharp Space Exploration design as well as scientific implications of the project. (Co-I) Philip School of Earth and Dr. Christensen is an expert on infrared systems for planetary science. He Christensen Space Exploration will provide mentoring and expertise for three students to work in his (Co-I) group. He will integrate the project into his introductory exploration systems design course. Erinanne School of Dr. Saffell advised the student science team on environmental effects of Saffell Geographical Sciences heat islands for this proposal and will work with the science team to plan and Urban Planning and interpret observations. David Sailor School of Dr. Sailor will provide mentoring and expertise regarding environmental Geographical Sciences effects of heat islands and Urban Planning Brigitte Julie Ann Wrigley Dr. Bavousett is an expert on local urban planning and will advise the Bavousett Global Institute of student team on local partnerships and dissemination within the Phoenix Sustainability metropolitan area. Daniel White Ira A. Fulton College Dr. White is the faculty advisor for the Sun Devil Satellite Lab student of Engineering club that will lead the design and fabrication of the cubesat. He will assist with technical coordination. Fran Matera Walter Cronkite Dr. Matera, is the instructor for the Public Relations Laboratory. He will School of Journalism coordinate our journalism professional internship program. and Mass Communication Lance Herberger Institute for Dr. Gharavi will support graphic and performance art students to serve as Gharavi Design and the Arts creative design team members, aiding with mission development and visual arts. He will co-instruct a new cross-listed cubesat design course. Jacob Herberger Institute for Dr. Pinholster will provide mentoring and help create media content to Pinholster Design and the Arts communicate the mission of Phoenix Kaela Martin Embry-Riddle Dr. Martin will help students operate the amateur radio station on Embry- Aeronautical Univ. Riddle’s campus for communicate with high altitude balloons and the satellite. Gary Yale Embry-Riddle Dr. Yale will provide mentoring on telemetry and high-altitude balloon Aeronautical Univ. testing. He will be the lead mentor of 5-10 students at Embry Riddle.

Graduate Mentor Michael School of Earth and Mr. Veto will provide day-to-day support to the student team and Veto Space Exploration expertise in thermal IR camera integration on cubesats. This project is based on lessons from his THESIS instrument, which he began as an ASU undergraduate.

Student Team Name Role Mayor Year Team Sarah Rogers Team Leader Aerospace Eng. Freshman SDSL Jaime Sanchez de la Project Manager Aerospace Eng. Sophomore SDSL Vega William Merino Project Scientist Exploration Junior SDSL Systems Design Chad Stewart Systems Engineer Aerospace Eng. Senior SDSL Jesus Acosta Payload Lead Mechanical Eng. Junior SDSL Sarah Smallwood Payload Aerospace Eng. Junior SDSL Raymond Barakat Power Lead Electrical Eng. Junior SDSL Aditya Rai Khuller Power Aerospace Eng. Freshman SDSL Zachary Burnham Communications Lead Electrical Eng. Junior SDSL

2 of 68 TBD (2-3 students) Communications TBD TBD Embry-Riddle Aeronautical Univ. Bradley Cooley Flight Software Lead Computer Science Junior SDSL Shota Ichikawa ADCS Lead Aerospace Eng. Senior SDSL Ryan Fagan ADCS Aerospace Eng. Freshman SDSL Eduardo Thermal Lead Mechanical Eng. Junior SDSL Vinciguerra Ryan Czerwinski Thermal Aerospace Eng. Freshman SDSL Mireya Ochoa Thermal Earth and Space Junior SDSL Exploration Ifeanyi Umunna Space Aerospace Eng. Junior Space Commercialization Commercialization Jabril Muhammad Space Astrophysics Senior Space Commercialization Commercialization Nick Price Space Biochemistry Senior Space Commercialization Commercialization Tory Luttermoser Science Geological Sciences Sophomore Sustainability Kezman Saboi Science Earth and Space Sophomore Sustainability Exploration Giana-Maria Parisi Science Sustainability Freshman Sustainability Jake Shellenberger Risk Management Exploration Junior Business Systems Design TBD (2-3 students) Public Relations Journalism, Web TBD Journalism Development, Social Media TBD (2-3 students) Creative Design Graphic Design, TBD Creative Film, Dance, Theater TBD (5 students) High Altitude Balloon TBD TBD Embry-Riddle Tests Aeronautical Univ.

B. Training and Mentoring Plan

Through the Phoenix mission, ASU and ERAU faculty mentors will provide a comprehensive array of formal and informal training and mentoring to the interdisciplinary student team in order to prepare the next generation of creative, project-based leaders for NASA and the United States. Learning of core engineering, science, creative-design, communication, and management skills will be supported through formal classroom lessons, as well as informal, unstructured activities. The project bridges classroom instruction, project-based capstone activities, professional internships, and extracurricular self-driven student organization experience. Teamwork across interdisciplinary boundaries will be integral to the project. We have arranged for Phoenix to be connected to for-credit and/or paid student experiences in six of ASU’s schools, including: art and design, journalism, engineering, sustainability science, geographical and urban planning, and Earth and space exploration.

Integration into Courses

The School of Earth and Space Exploration and the Herberger Institute for Design at ASU plan the creation of a cross-listed interdisciplinary hands-on course to begin Fall 2016. The course is intended for the core student team members on the project. Through the course, our design, science, journalism, and engineering students will collaborate for credit on project-based

3 of 68 activities contributing to the actual development of Phoenix cubesat. At the same time, our student team will learn the unique perspectives brought to project design by an interdisciplinary team. Faculty mentors Gharavi and Bowman plan to instruct the course and will pair hands-on activities with related group discussions led weekly by each of the 13 faculty mentors on the project. The discussions will cover the full range of disciplines on the project, from technical design to communication to sustainability science.

Faculty mentor Christensen will leverage Phoenix to introduce infrared instrumentation into his undergraduate course SES 100 An Introduction to Space Exploration. This course is taken by a large community of freshman undergraduate students studying in the areas of Aerospace Engineering (Astronautics) and Earth and Space Exploration, thus enabling them to gain a strong foundation in the principles of space exploration during the early stages of their college career. The course is themed around the search for life in the Solar System. Student teams are challenged to design and a build a simple planetary imaging system able to identify motion of an object (e.g. an alien lifeform) on the ground when flown on a helium balloon to an altitude of 100 feet. Christensen plans to leverage the Phoenix mission by augmenting the science objective in the course to include a challenge to identify a hot object in the field, as might indicate the presence of a lifeform.

The Computer Science and Computer Systems Engineering capstone courses at ASU are year- long project-based programs in which teams of five students are matched to submitted faculty proposals and then proceed through the entire engineering cycle from establishing design requirements to delivering a software solution. We will provide at least two software projects for the computer science capstone program. These projects will be to implement the CubeSat onboard command and imaging processing and to implement the ground-based data analysis pipeline. The projects will be overseen by our student team and the results will be directly integrated into mission operations. Faculty mentor Bowman has successfully advised computer science capstone teams to implement drone attitude determination and control, petabyte-scale database management and visualization, and Bluetooth beacon tracking in mobile apps. In addition, software development for CubeSat missions is a planned part of future offerings of faculty mentor Butler's SES 350 Engineering Systems and Experimental Problem Solving. SES 350 students will apply computer programming solutions to support planned and future ASU CubeSat's as part of the course's month-long final project.

Faculty mentors Thanga and White will use Phoenix examples in their spacecraft design courses AEE 445 Fundamentals of Spacecraft Design, AEE 462 Space Vehicle Dynamics and Control, and SES 494 Interplanetary CubeSat Design I. These courses will provide opportunities for Phoenix student team members to present and discuss with enrolled students the mission design components and lessons learned through their direct experiences. This will develop the communication skills of the student team members, while benefiting the learning experience for students in the courses since it has been shown that peer-to-peer communication is an effective educational tool.

An essential part of this project is outreach and reporting of information to the public to promote student led research in space exploration and to promote STEM education and careers. To help our team define an effective communication strategy, we will partner with the Public Relations

4 of 68 Laboratory (PR Lab) in the Cronkite School of Journalism and Mass Communication at ASU. The PR Lab is a full-immersion capstone for students studying public relations. This capstone experience employs advanced public relations students to develop PR campaigns and strategies for real clients. The lab's services include: strategic communications plans and campaigns; crisis communication; event planning and promotion; image and reputation management; internal and external communication management; and corporate communications. We will participate as a PR-Lab client to develop a PR strategy and proposal in the spring 2016 semester and to implement that plan in the following fall 2016 and spring 2017 semesters. We will coordinate this activity with faculty mentor Matera, who leads the PR Lab and who has worked with ASU Space Grant in the past. Students from the PR Lab, Herberger Institute for Design, and from science and engineering will collaborate to create promotional content, including short video documentaries, social media posts, a project web site, and other materials.

Student Mentoring and Organization Structure

All Phoenix faculty mentors will meet regularly with the student team to advise on relevant aspects of the project. In addition to technical mentoring, the faculty mentors will engage in psychosocial mentoring by hosting team social events to celebrate major milestones and to provide “stress relief”, wherein students have the opportunity to get to know the mentors as people, in addition to as professionals. Psychosocial mentoring has been shown to be an important component of effective mentorship to expose students to the culture of the profession they are preparing to enter.

A graduate student mentor will provide day-to-day guidance and support to the student team. Our graduate mentor is Mike Veto, supervised by faculty mentor Co-I Phil Christensen. Mike developed the infrared camera design that we will employ for the mission when he was an undergraduate and has recently delivered his instrument for integration testing into its spacecraft. Mike is knowledgeable on both thermal imaging science and instrumentation. As a former ASU undergraduate, he can relate directly to the student team, providing the ideal scaffolded- mentoring arrangement to impart the lessons he learned from recently progressing through stages of development that the student team is encountering currently.

The Phoenix student team is centered on the Sun Devil Satellite Laboratory (SDSL), a student organization within the Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering at ASU. The SDSL will serve as the managing organization for the Phoenix mission, similar to the mission management role typically conducted through a NASA center, such as Goddard or JPL. Team members have specific assigned responsibilities for mission management roles, including as the Team Leader, Project Manager, Project Scientist, Systems Engineer, and several sub-systems leads. Science, public relations, business, and creative teams will be integrated into this core management structure.

The SDSL focuses primarily in the design, development, and operation of satellites. Its fundamental goal is to bring together a diverse group of students to foster experience among its members not only in the fields of mechanical and aerospace engineering, but also in a wide range of disciplines, such as electrical engineering and computer programming. Ultimately the organization seeks to advance the exploration of the Solar System and the betterment of life on

5 of 68 Earth. The organization was founded in 2011 and has grown into a large and vibrant student community of 20+ members.

The Phoenix mission provides the first opportunity for the SDSL to undertake a complete CubeSat mission, including launch and LEO operations. To date, SDSL has participated in many competitions, in both design-build-fly and proposal based contests. The organization participates yearly in the AIAA CanSat Competition, an annual event in which teams from universities around the world design and build a mock satellite capable of deploying from a container the size of a small can and landing successfully back on Earth’s surface. In late 2014, members of SDSL participated in the Mars One University Challenge, an international competition in which teams competed by proposing a payload to attach to a Mars lander projected to launch in 2018 by the Dutch company. SDSL proposed a satellite that would study Martian weather patterns using a variety of sensors and visual cameras. The proposal placed in the top ten internationally. SDSL is currently partnering with the American Helicopter Society at ASU in order to develop a method to harvest lunar ice as rocket fuel for the RASC-AL competition.

Recently SDSL entered into the development of an unprecedented long-term partnership with Orbital ATK to design and operate 50-75 pound satellites to fly on Orbital missions and be released from second-stage ballast holds following successful primary payload deployments. Launches will be free. The satellites will be themed on a variety of topics, including Earth imaging and space debris analysis. The skills gained through the Phoenix project will form the foundation for SDSL to leverage this unique opportunity to establish a comprehensive and lasting self-driven student satellite program at ASU.

Partner Institution Collaboration

Interactions between the student teams at ASU and ERAU will be managed following the model of a typical distributed mission team. Team members from the two partner institutions will collaborate weekly through video and teleconference services. Project documentation will be stored using cloud services accessible from all sites. In person meetings will be scheduled for major design, implementation, and verification milestones. We have budgeted in-state travel funds to ensure a healthy collaborative relationship between the teams.

SECTION D: SCIENCE INVESTIGATION AND IMPLEMENTATION

A. Science Investigation

Urban environments have become an important component of the global climate system, yet regional (km-scale) environmental monitoring of cities and their surroundings remains lacking. Routine orbital imaging of cities can address the effects of urbanization on local and regional land-atmosphere interactions, air quality, health, hazard assessment, water and energy transportation, and other climate factors.

We propose the Phoenix 3U CubeSat to demonstrate the effectiveness of nanosat platforms to conduct scientific investigations of urban environments. The Phoenix CubeSat will carry a

6 of 68 thermal-infrared (IR) imaging payload to study spatial and temporal changes in the thermal properties of Phoenix, Arizona and several other U.S. cities. The system will yield secondary science from thermal imaging of ocean currents, volcanic plumes, and other target-of-opportunity surface processes.

Urban Heat Islands

As urban areas develop, changes occur in the landscape. Phoenix, Arizona is the 11th fastest growing city in the U.S. (Forbes "Top Twenty Fastest Growing Cities 2015") and its land coverage and land usage are both increasing faster than in most other cities. In most cases, as land cover and land usage increase, the change from a rural/agricultural landscape to an urban metropolis yields warmer temperatures than in the surrounding areas (e.g. Figure 1). This complex phenomenon is called the urban heat island (UHI).

Figure 1. Example urban heat map of Phoenix, Arizona acquired by ASTER in 2005. Colors Urban heat islands create negative impacts for indicate surface temperature. The proposed sustainability and overall quality of life. The mission will provide similar maps nearly every goal of this project is to advance the day, sampling many times of day over the course understanding of urban heat island impacts on of the 365 day target mission lifetime. key parameters such as water and energy sustainability, elevated air pollutant and greenhouse gas emissions, and human health through day-to-day thermal imaging of Phoenix, Arizona and other selected cities over a period of up to one year.

During the summer afternoons, urban surface temperatures can be 50 to 90 degrees F hotter than air temperatures due to increased heat absorption related to low albedo material, such as dark pavement and roofs (Berdahl and Bretz 1997). After sunset these surfaces radiate their stored heat and induce elevated air temperatures that are as much as 22 degrees F warmer than surrounding less developed areas (Akbari 2005). During the summer, elevated temperatures from UHI can have significant and sometimes deadly consequences on a community's environment and quality of life. The negative impacts of UHI lead to four main areas of concern: 1) surges in energy consumption, 2) augmented emissions of greenhouse gasses and air pollutants, 3) compromised human health and comfort, and 4) impacts regarding water quality and scarcity.

Energy and Air Pollution: Intense summertime temperatures in urban areas increase the demand for cooling and add stress to the energy grid. Based on EPA estimates, energy demand increases 1.5 to 2.0% for every one degree F increase in summertime temperature (Akbari 2005).

7 of 68 The steady increase in temperatures due to global warming over the past few decades means that 5 to 10% of community-wide power demand is due to the impact of UHI effects. During heat waves, UHI can escalate these temperatures, which have led to overloaded systems and required energy companies to institute rolling blackouts to avoid power outages. Along with increased energy usage comes increased levels of air pollutants and greenhouse gas emissions. The United States' bulk of energy production comes from the combustion of fossil fuels. When there is a surge in energy demand, power plants produce more pollutants and greenhouse gases that create health hazards and contribute to global climate change.

Human Health: The EPA estimates that, in the next 50 years, 80% of the population will be living in or near UHI. With a rapidly increasing part of the world’s population living in urban areas, the risks of UHI health hazards are also rising. Increased urban temperatures are associated with reduced nighttime cooling, increased energy usage, and resulting higher levels of pollutants in the air. These changes can contribute to respiratory difficulties, heat exhaustion, non-fatal heat stroke, and also heat related mortalities. For example, the Midwest experienced a heat wave in summer 1995 to which 1000 deaths have been attributed (Taha et al. 2005). During the 2003 heatwave in Paris, France, the high nighttime temperatures associated with the UHI effect were linked to a high mortality rate (Laaidi et al., 2012). The extreme heat conditions were especially fatal to the most vulnerable parts of the population, namely children and the elderly. It was estimated that Paris had an excess death rate of 141% during the heatwave (Canouï-Poitrine et al., 2006).

Water Quality and Scarcity: UHI has a negative impact on water quality due to increased surface temperatures that heat storm waters. EPA field measurements found UHI water runoff to be 20-30 degrees F hotter for most cities in the United States compared to those of nearby rural areas. Due to the presence of land surfaces that are made of concrete and asphalt, through which water does not easily percolate, floods result and form undesired stagnant water. The heated runoff that is transferred into streams, rivers, and lakes raises their overall temperatures. According to the EPA, “This in turn could be detrimental to aquatic life by causing stress and shock affecting the overall metabolism and reproduction of certain species” (EPA 2003). Poor percolation of flood and rain water into the ground significantly reduces the amount of groundwater on which most cities like Phoenix and Houston highly depend on. The overarching effect of this is the disturbance of the natural hydrological cycle which ultimately becomes both inefficient and improperly organized. Along with water quality, water scarcity is also an increasing concern in UHI areas. Predicting droughts and studying dry areas is crucial to growing cities because their weather patterns have been altered over the past five decades. As water droughts and heat waves become more prevalent, rapid temporary mass migration is predicted to occur. Spontaneous rapid migration into and out of UHI zones raises the amount of heat produced during heavy use periods.

Dynamic Urban Environments

Urban environments are highly dynamic. Layered on top of the evolving land coverage and land use trends, short timescale (daily, weekly, seasonal, and transient) activities affect the UHI properties of a city or region. Traffic patterns are diurnal and vary between weekdays, weekends, and holidays. Similarly, commercial areas and office buildings, entertainment sites

8 of 68 and restaurants, and residential neighborhoods are all populated at different times of the day and to varying degrees on different days and seasons. The overall population of a city or suburb can experience large variation in number or demographic makeup due to the influx of temporary residents or visitors, such as college students, tourists, or “snowbirds”. Major public events, conventions, or sporting competitions can alter all of the above patterns for periods of hours to weeks. Weather influences urban routines and severe weather can disrupt the routine and alter the environment.

What impact do these human activities and human reactions to natural events have on the UHI effect? Despite the importance of human activity in urban areas, the role of anthropogenic short- timescale urban activity on UHI has remained largely uncharacterized to date. Large Earth observing platforms such as Landsat 8 and Aster are in sun-synchronous orbits that provide recurring coverage only after long periods (once every 16 days in the case of Landsat) and always at the same two times of day (10:30am and 10:30pm). Hence, existing orbital assets are not suited to short timescale monitoring of events across the full diurnal period that characterizes the primary urban activity cycle.

How will patterns of human activity in an urban area influence the regional climate and environmental impact of UHI? Understanding this key question would enable urban planners to better design efficient and sustainable cities. It would further enable the local impact of climate change to be better forecasted and mitigated. Advancements in understanding UHI effects and the associated impacts are of great importance to scientists, policy-makers, and citizens alike. The models that are developed from the thermal data will allow policy-makers to incorporate remotely sensed data into their local and regional planning efforts, which in turn can help negate the negative impacts of UHI. With the Phoenix mission, we aim to demonstrate the power of small satellites to resolve this long overlooked aspect of urban environmental monitoring. We seek to better prepare the citizens of the world for our urban future by addressing three specific science questions:

1. What are the observable short timescale variations in the thermal properties of urban environments? 2. How does human activity influence UHI? a. What are the impacts of diurnal commuter patterns, temporary and seasonal changes in population, large public and sporting events, etc.)? 3. How does weather influence UHI? a. How do weather-related changes to the environment affect UHI (e.g. runoff, reservoir levels, ground water deposition, solar insolation, changes in albedo due to snow cover or plant growth, etc.)? b. What is the indirect effect on UHI due to changes in human activity (e.g. temporary changes to commuting patterns, energy consumption, land use, etc.)?

In order to address these science questions, the Phoenix mission will deliver high-resolution thermal imaging of several target cities with a typical recurrence rate of 0.5 to 3 times per day (depending on target city and orbit parameters) for up to one year. This will enable a time series of observations for each of the target cities that can be correlated with local weather, social

9 of 68 events, and other metrics. Importantly, our mission will provide the first routine, thermal imaging of cities and surrounding environments on short timescales.

With its science questions, the Phoenix mission addresses NASA’s strategic goal to “advance our understanding of our home planet and improve the quality of life” through the SMD science objective to “advance knowledge of Earth as a system to meet the challenges of environmental change, and to improve life on our planet” (NASA 2014 Science Plan). The Phoenix mission science objectives map to three Earth Science Division goals:

1. Detect and predict changes in Earth’s ecosystems and biogeochemical cycles, including land cover, biodiversity, and the global carbon cycle 2. Enable better assessment and management of water quality and quantity to accurately predict how the global water cycle evolves in response to climate change 3. Improve the ability to predict climate changes by better understanding the roles and interactions of the ocean, atmosphere, land and ice in the climate system

Target Cities

We will focus on five representative cities in the U.S. for our science investigation: 1) Phoenix, Arizona, 2) Seattle, Washington, 3) Minneapolis, Minnesota, 4) New York, and 5) Honolulu, Hawaii. These cities are chosen based on our assumed orbital parameters to maximize recurring coverage in order to provide dense temporal sampling of the environments. Phoenix is chosen as the primary target because it has a well-established ground-based environmental monitoring network (see Figure 2) that will provide ample data for cross-comparison with our remote sensing data.

B. Science Requirements

Here, we summarize the requirements for the science payload. The full Science Traceability Matrix is provided in Appendix A. The science goals require thermal images of urban regions that span 10s of kilometers with sufficient spatial resolution to resolve typical city-block and neighborhood feature zones of 100- 1000 meters. In order to study diurnal patterns, temporal sampling is needed that spans the full 24 hour clock. To study weekly patterns, recurring coverage is needed at least every other day to

ensure one weekend day is captured per Figure 2. Phoenix, Arizona is a well-studied week. To study seasonal patterns and to environment from ground-based monitoring stations. provide a high probability of sampling Here, land use classification is over-plotted with the many weather and human activity locations of environmental monitoring stations. conditions, multiple months of coverage Credit: Chow et al. 2010

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Figure 3. (left) Science payload is based on the FLIR Tau2 640 thermal imager. The imager is 4cm per side. (middle) Rear panel with USB connector interface board. (right) Imager with 100mm focal length lens as configured for our science payload. are required and we set the minimum mission duration requirement at 90 days.

C. Science Payload

To provide the science observations and meet the science requirements, the science payload will consist of a Tau2 640 micro-bolometer uncooled long-wavelength infrared thermal imager (Figure 3) with a 100mm lens, both purchased from FLIR. The imager spectral respond band is 8 to 15 microns. The Tau2 640 thermal image has a mass of 200g and dimensions of 4.4x4.4x3.0 cm, excluding the optics. With the 100mm focal-length lens (85 mm diameter), the field of view is 6.2 x 5.0 degrees. The camera provides 640x512 pixels with intrinsic thermal sensitivity of 30mK at f1.0, scaling to 77mK with our f1.6 optics. At an orbital altitude of 400 km, the imaging system yields a footprint on the ground of 43.5 x 34.8 km with a resolution of 68m, nearly twice the 100m resolution of Landsat 8 and better than the 90m Aster resolution. The power consumption is approximately 1 W with an input supply voltage of 4 to 6 V. The operating temperature range is -40 to +80 degrees C and scene thermal range is -25 to +135 degrees C.

The Tau2 640 will integrate with the satellite electronics by connecting with a USB interface board to handle image packaging from the camera’s 50-pin Hirose interface to the CubeSat’s onboard computer. The computer will then handle any additional data processing and storage required before transmission. The camera will be mounted at the head of the satellite with a view through the top plate and secured to the frame of the CubeSat with a mounting bracket. The lens will be secured at the top plate. We will perform a thermal analysis to ensure that the camera is well isolated from heat sources in both the environment and subsystem components in order to maximize sensitivity. Using vendor product drawings, mounts will be developed to securely interface the camera and lens to the CubeSat structure. Initial testing will be developed in house for computer interfacing and data handling. With completion of sub system integration thermal imaging testing will be conducted in house with known thermal sources to ensure accurate readings are maintained. With the integration and imaging tested additional testing and verification will take place with ERAU. This test will include a mock flight launch to test flight conditions for fully integrated subsystems and payload. This test will afford our satellite the chance to test system integration, payload operation and performance, radio communications, inflight data handling, and final checks from mission readiness.

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Figure 4. Renderings of the Phoenix 3U CubeSat. (upper-left) external view including solar panels. (lower-left) cut-away view with solar panels removed to expose interior. (right) Labeled layout view. Calibration and verification of the science payload imaging system will be performed in the laboratory following the manufacturer specified procedure. FLIR provides detailed documentation for each imager, as well as advanced radiometric controls and spectral passband curves.

SECTION E: MISSION IMPLEMENTATION

The full mission traceability matrix is shown in Appendix B. The mass budget summary is shown in Table 1.

A. Payload Interface

Power System

The power system will consist of solar panels fixed to five of the CubeSat’s sides, two batteries, and a power systems distribution board. The solar panels chosen were the Clyde Space 3U, 2U, and 1U panels. Two 3U panels and two 2U will be mounted on the long sides of the spacecraft. The 2U panels will be used because the ADCS system has sensors which cannot be covered by the panels. The 1U panel will be mounted on the 1U face on the top ADCS system. These solar panels will provide maximum power output of 26.4 W and an orbital average power of 4.4 W. There will be two 20 Whr Clyde Space Battery Boards for a total of 40 Whr of nominal battery capacity. These come with integrated battery heaters to ensure the batteries are within operable temperatures. Power will be managed by the Clyde Space 3G EPS Motherboard which will

12 of 68 connect to the solar panels, the batteries, and the load devices. This system will provide power to the radio (0.1815W RX/2.64W TX), ADCS (1.2W Nadir stable, 8.47W max), IR-camera (1.2W), and the on-board computer (0.2W).

Below are tables summarizing the power consumption in the four operating modes of the satellite: safe mode, recovery mode, data collection, and downlink mode (see four small tables). Significant power reserves are available. The CubeSat will generate 4.18Wh per orbit on average. In safe mode, the system will have an excess of 1.81 Wh per orbit, a 43% positive margin. Typical data collection orbits have an excess of 1.51 Wh per orbit, while a downlink orbit without data collection has a 1.64 Wh excess. The most power-intensive orbit (see large bottom table) is when the CubeSat passes over Phoenix and performs both data collection and downlink. This orbit has 0.17 Wh excess, yielding a positive margin of 4.6%. The substantial margin in the power system will ensure batteries are well chargerd, providing additional risk mitigation.

Safe Mode Power Operation Energy Recovery Power Operation Energy (W) (minutes) (Wh) Mode (W) (minutes) (Wh) Shadow 0 33 0 Shadow 0 33 0 Direct Sun 0 57 0 Direct Sun 0 57 0 Energy Gain 4.4 57 4.18 Energy Gain 4.4 57 4.18 Coms -0.18 90 -0.27 Coms -0.18 90 -0.27 ADCS -1.2 90 -1.8 ADCS -8.47 30 -4.24 Camera 0 0 0 Camera 0 0 0 On Board -0.2 90 -0.3 On Board -0.2 90 -0.3 Computer Computer Total: 1.81 Wh Total: -0.63 Wh (43% margin)

Data Power Operation Energy Downlink Power Operation Energy Collection (W) (minutes) (Wh) (W) (minutes) (Wh) Shadow 0 33 0 Shadow 0 33 0 Direct Sun 0 57 0 Direct Sun 0 57 0 Energy Gain 4.4 57 4.18 Energy Gain 4.4 57 4.18 Coms -0.18 90 -0.27 Coms -2.64 10 -0.44 ADCS -1.2 90 -1.8 ADCS 1.2 90 -1.8 Camera -1.2 15 -0.3 Camera 0 0 0 On Board -0.2 90 -0.3 On Board 0.2 90 -0.3 Computer Computer Total: 1.51 Wh Total: 1.64 Wh

Most Power-Intensive Power Operation Energy Typical Orbit: Data (W) (minutes) (Wh) Collection + Downlink (2 out of 15 per day) Shadow 0 40 0 Direct Sun 0 50 0

13 of 68 Energy Gain 4.4 50 3.67 Coms (receive) -0.18 90 -0.27 Coms (transmit) -2.64 5 -0.22 ADCS (idle) -0.87 0 0 ADCS (stable) -1.2 85 -1.7 ADCS (max) -8.47 5 -0.71 Camera -1.2 15 -0.3 On Board Computer -0.2 90 -0.3 Total: 0.169 Wh (4.6% margin)

Attitude Determination and Control System (ADCS)

The science requirements dictate that the thermal imager be pointed in various directions in order to face the target cities. Pointing accuracy of 1 degree is required so that the no more than 20% of a target field is unintentionally omitted. Thus, an active attitude control system must be used in order to accomplish the mission goals. We will use the Maryland Aerospace (MAI) three reaction-wheel and magnetorquer combination system to ensure high accuracy pointing. Reaction wheel systems have high heritage. Similar units have flown on five CubeSats designs possessing cameras, three of which were 3U size. This includes, most notably, Planet Labs Dove-1 and Dove-2 systems with over 41 successful Earth imaging missions flown. MAI’s ADCS has various attitude determination sensor options. We plan to employ Earth limb sensors to provide the necessary 1 degree accuracy. More expensive star tracker sensors can provide 0.018 degree accuracy and provide risk mitigation avenues. Should reaction wheels fail in orbit, the units magnetorquers can be used to provide approximate nadir pointing, enabling alternate science imaging of the Earth’s surface.

Communications and Telemetry

Communications will use UHF communication uplink and downlink through a NanoCom AX100 communication modules operating in the 70cm UHF amateur band. The module supports up to 30 dBm (1 W) transmitter power and sustained downlink speeds between 0.1 and 115.2 kbps. The transceiver will be connected to a phased four-monopole, circularly-polarized, NanoCom ANT430 deployable antenna system with low directivity. The SDSL group will apply for an amateur radio club license for the spacecraft and seek coordination with the IARU as well as with other amateur band spacecraft on the same launch. Faculty mentor Martin is licensed to operate in this band and will assist students in obtaining their own amateur licenses for ground-side operations. As per-FCC rules, positive control of the transmitter will be maintained by a watchdog timer on the spacecraft to limit extraneous transmissions and a transmitter deactivate code will be available to ground-side operators.

Throughout nominal operations, basic spacecraft health telemetry will routinely be included in an automatic heartbeat message, transmitted at intervals of 30 seconds. Data downlinks will include full spacecraft state telemetry, along with science images and supporting metadata, including timestamps and orientation. Each science image is 490 kB uncompressed. Downlink data rate calculations indicate a typical sustained date rate of 100 kbps to ASU ground station over a 3-minute peak-response period per pass. Hence, we will be able to transfer a minimum of

14 of 68 5 raw images per downlink pass. Two downlink passes Component Mass (g) will occur per day on average, for a minimum total 10 3U (Primary and Secondary) 500 raw images transferred per day. The total data volume Camera Mount 48 from the full 365 day mission consists of 3600 images equating to 1.8 GB of raw data. One image per day per Cover Plate (with hardware) 34 target city is the science return goal, hence only five Adapter Plate 32 images are required to be downlinked per day. The Camera Endplate 6.5 downlink budget provides a margin of 5 images per day MAI-400 with IREHS sensors 694 (100%). 2x 3U Solar Panel 270 2x 2U Solar Panel 138 Flight Computer 1U Top Panel Solar Panel 42

2x 20 Wh/kg Battery 266 The onboard command and data handling will be controlled by the CubeComputer from Electronic 3G EPS Motherboard 86 Systems Laboratory. It was primarily chosen for its Cube Computer 70 nominal power usage (less than 200 mW) and ability to UHF Radio 24.5 interface with all other flight components. The I2C ports UHF Antenna 30 will allow communication with the NanoCom AX100 Tau2 imager with 100mm lens 475 UHF Transceiver and ClydeSpace EPS Power TOTAL 2716 management system. Table 1 – Mass budget. The Phoenix CubeSat and science payload bus total Thermal Control 2716 g, leaving a margin of 1384 g (35%). The thermal control system of the satellite will consist of a partially passive, partially active system. The majority of thermal control will be done by using multi-layer insulation (MLI) secured with thermal tape to reduce the radiative and conductive heat transfer to the structure and the internal systems. The active part of the systems consists of a battery that has an internal heater. It is self-controlled and will heat the battery to maintain a minimum of 0 degrees C. A passive thermal control system has been used on many previous CubeSats. Some notable examples that have also relied on a battery heater include CU Boulder’s CSSWE and University of Applied Sciences’ Aachen’s Compass-1.

B. Suborbital Platform/Concept of Operations (CONOPS)

Orbit Selection

The optimal orbit for this science mission was selected based on three mission parameters. They are spatial resolution, the number of passes over Phoenix, and mission life period of the spacecraft. We limit our orbital analysis to circular orbits. Circular orbits are preferred for constant image resolution. First, to meet the science requirement of high-resolution images, we limit orbit altitude range to less than 500 km. Next, the minimum mission life objective is set to 90 days, with a target mission life of 365 days. Atmospheric drag at low altitude orbits will be significant for the spacecraft and determine the maximum mission lifetime. Based on the spacecraft configuration and estimated space whether parameters1, orbital decay was calculated and shown in Table 2. From this analysis, a 350 km altitude orbit is the lowest feasible orbit for a 90 day minimum month mission duration, however; as the orbital altitude decays, the attitude control will be more complex due to the external torque caused by the aerodynamic drag. Thus, it

15 of 68 is better to be able to stay on a Altitude Mission life Time to 90% of stable orbit for the mission period. Original Altitude We find that the optimal altitude to 350 km 0.49 years 0.25 years ensure the desired mission lifetime 400 km 1.66 years 1.00 years and sub-100 meter image 450 km 5.23 years 3.25 years resolution is 400 km. The final 500 km 15.46 years 9.96 years consideration in our analysis is the Table 2. Orbital decay with different altitudes. number of passes permitted over

Phoenix and the other target cities. This is influenced by the inclination of the orbit. The number of opportunities to image Phoenix for different inclinations was analyzed using Systems Tool Kit (STK). Inclination angles between 33.45 degrees (latitude of Phoenix) and 55 degrees were analyzed. We calculated the number of imaging opportunities assuming that the science payload could image effectively up to 30 degrees off a nadir pointing. From this analysis, the optimal inclination to maximize the number of imaging opportunities of Phoenix was found to be 35 degrees, which yields over 220 opportunities in the minimum 90 day mission lifetime (two opportunities per day). We note that even for the highest inclination orbit studied (55 degrees), 47 imaging opportunities are available, corresponding to the minimum science requirement of one opportunity every other day on average.

We conclude that a circular, 400 km orbit with 35 degree inclination is desired (see Table 3). However, we note that a standard ISS orbit with 51.6 degrees inclination provides sufficient imaging opportunities to meet the science requirements even if Phoenix is the only target city. We have selected our planned secondary target cities (particularly Seattle, Minneapolis, and New York) in order to optimize the science return assuming a standard ISS orbit. The inclination of the ISS orbit yields many opportunities to image cities in the northern U.S. since the most coverage occurs at latitudes just below the orbit inclination angle. Many secondary city targets are available and final selection will be made after the orbit is known.

Ground Data Station

Uplink and downlink for Phoenix will be controlled and monitored through the new ASU satellite ground station that is under construction with a scheduled completion by December 2016. The ERAU ground station will serve as an existing, operation backup facility. The ASU ground station is designed to communicate with small research spacecraft in LEO using a variety of common frequency bands and protocols. The system will support VHF, UHF, and S-band in its first year of operations (2016) and is expected to include X-band support by 2017. The ground station consists of an operator control center (located in the first floor of ASU’s ISTB4 research building where it is visible to students and the public), receivers and transmitters, data CubeSat Mission Parameters Acceptable 400 km @ Desire Mission Mass Size Desired Orbit Orbit Range 51.6 degree Readiness d Name incl. Date Missio Acceptable? n Life Altitude (km) 400 380-500 yes August 1, 365 Phoenix 2716 g 3U Inclination 35 33-55 2017 days (degrees) Table 3. Orbit parameters

16 of 68 processing hardware, and a switching network to select between frequencies. The receiver/transmitter pair uses software defined radios (Ettus x310 and N210). A high-gain directional dish antenna (DH Antenna, Gibraltar series with 3-meter diameter) with actuated pointing capability in 2-axis is used for S-band communication. Phoenix will use the station’s UHF capabilities that employ two antennas: 1) an omnidirectional antenna consisting of a Rohde & Schwarz HK033 for low-bandwidth (~1000 bps) communication, and 2) a separate high-gain UHF directional antenna (Yagi) mounted to the side of the dish to enable tracking for high- bandwidth uplink/downlink. The ground station will be augmented with spacecraft coordinative tracking capability using GPS. Faculty mentor Thanga oversses construction of the ASU ground station.

SECTION F: SCHEDULE NARRATIVE

The schedule will be managed and maintained with a series of semesterly small-scale review events, and three externally facing reviews. Attention has been paid to ordering deadlines for long lead COTS items to ensure schedule slip is minimized. All of the main aspects of the payload will start development immediately, with design elements defined and resulting in the Preliminary Design Review, which will take place in May 2016. After this point the design will be frozen and new changes will require top level review, PDR authorizes and provides guidance to primary subsystem assembly.

The Critical Design Review assesses the as-built instrument and spacecraft subsystem designs, detailed flight profile modeling (thermal, vibration, communications and power). CDR authorizes and provides guidance to final flight assembly, and will be scheduled to occur in December 2016. Once we have passed CDR, we will notify the CubeSat Flight Opportunities office of our projected payload delivery date. We will target completion of the payload assembly by February 2017 and proceed with evaluation of both the payload and its integral subsystems through thermal, vacuum, vibration and EMI testing both at ASU and at local partner Orbital- ATK during Spring 2017. This will allow time to evaluate the test results and make necessary changes to retire the risk associated with the testing outcomes.

Flight Readiness Review assesses the as-built performance of the spacecraft, operations software, instrument calibration and pre-flight testing. FRR verifies that spacecraft meets programmatic, Cubesat and launch provider requirements and authorizes integration and launch. FRR will be performed in Summer 2017 as we prepare to deliver the payload for integration.

We will assemble a defined mission profile with some margin and eventuality for the operations phase of the mission. Direct communication with the payload on a daily basis will be planned with a corresponding analysis and mission operations update to evaluate next steps and the success of the project. We expect a minimum mission duration of 90 days and target mission lifetime of 365 days to provide enhanced deliverables of the project to NASA.

In parallel with hardware implementation, our science team will prepare for the mission through a mock science test. SDSL has developed a multi-institutional arrangement with a team of students at the Arizona Near Space Research (ANSR). Through this relationship, SDSL has organized a mock flight launch with our partners at ERAU, scheduled for mid-November of

17 of 68 2016. This opportunity will be used to simulate mission operations by flying an inexpensive camera as a stand-in for the science payload.

Finally, as stated in current regulations established under Title II of the Land Remote Sensing Policy Space Act of 1992, any U.S. person or institution who operates a private remote sensing space system shall obtain a license of operation from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). We have submitted an initial contact form to NOAA and will submit full licensing application once notification of approval is received. The waiting period for application's response is a maximum of 120 days.

SECTION G: MANAGEMENT REQUIREMENTS

A. Management

Management for USIP is instituted by means of a faculty Principal Investigator (PI), whose assigned responsibilities fall under the role of overseeing the student team. The student Team Leader will act as the student PI, responsible for all team management and deliverables. This includes maintaining contact with the students associated with all of the various interdisciplinary institutions that assist with both the science and engineering of the project. In addition, it is the duty of the student TL to have a concise overview of the mission, its components, and its progress, while maintaining communication with the faculty PI regarding the position of these elements of the design process. Student management for USIP is facilitated by a team of student officers within the SDSL, as the organization is to be responsible for overseeing the engineering component of the project as it develops along its projected timeline. A precise and structured organization of team roles has been defined in order to ensure that every angle of the mission is examined in its entirety. The Team Lead is further aided by the student Project Manager, who is to assist with the organization of the team as well as maintain an understanding of the progress of the mission against schedules, milestones, deliverables, and budget. In order to have a structure for designing the components of the mission, the individual subsystems are instituted with lead roles, who are to develop a deep understanding of their individual subsystems and facilitate a smaller team of undergraduate members as a means of allowing all the components of the CubeSat to be defined.

Subsystem leading roles, and therefore the more technical components of the design of Phoenix, are primarily comprised of the senior student officers of SDSL, along with many of the organization’s affiliated members who have been heavily involved in the past projects of SDSL and therefore have experience in mission design. These individuals are assisted by many of SDSL’s newer undergraduate members, who worked as a network to define each subsystem in conducting deeper research into more specific areas. This is manifested under a deep and intensive collaboration of the many individuals associated in the development of Phoenix.

Scientific investigation is central to the Phoenix mission. The project is heavily guided by various students and faculty who focus on the scientific aspects of the mission. Of particular interest are students from the Julie Ann Wrigley Global Institute of Sustainability and the School of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning at ASU who, together with faculty of their

18 of 68 respective institutions, form a strong body that will plan the science investigations, operate the science payload, and ultimately utilize the information obtained from the mission.

B. Risk Management

Implementation risk for the Phoenix mission stems from several sources. Most are minor or intrinsic to all CubeSat platforms. The top three implementation risks are:

1. Medium - Damage to equipment or parts during assembly or testing. Due to expense and budget limitations, spare and replacement parts cannot be purchased for the major component systems in the CubeSat, particularly the ADCS. Should damage occur to any of these parts during integration and testing, additional funding sources would need to be sought to procure replacements. Schedule delay would be likely due to the time necessary to find funding, as well the intrinsic procurement time of the parts. This risk will mitigated by exercise of extreme caution during integration and careful subsystem planning during design. 2. Low – Loss of project knowledge due to student turnover. As a student project, it is expected that several of the senior students currently involved in the project will graduate during the 18 month implementation period. These students may possess critical knowledge of the system or of how to design and implement the system that may be lost when they depart. Schedule delay would likely result from their departure until other students could gain the knowledge and experience to replace them. This risk will be mitigated by a careful documentation plan and work structure where senior students work with junior partners to ensure continuous transfer of knowledge. 3. Low – ASU Ground Station delivery delayed. The ASU ground station that is planned for primary communication with the CubeSat is under construction. It is scheduled to be completed and tested by the end of 2016, however if the completion is substantially delayed or the performance does not meet specification, other communications plans would be necessary. This risk is mitigating through the availability of the existing, proven communications station at ERAU.

SECTION H: COST ESTIMATE

Stipends: $15,600 in Y1 and $16,080 in Y2 is budgeted to provide salaries to the core student team members. We assume approximately $10/hour for 15 students for 100 hours/year of support. Additional student time will be supported through related grants, REUs, and Space Grant internships. We expect some students will have the option to participate in the project for course credit. Salary is escalated by 3% for out years. One graduate student will be supported at 1/4 time to mentor the undergraduate research assistants.

Employee-Related Expenses (ERE): Arizona State University defines fringe benefits as direct costs, estimates benefits as a standard percent of salary applied uniformly to all types sponsored activities, and charges benefits to sponsors in accordance with the Federally-negotiated rates in effect at the time salaries are incurred. Benefit costs are expected to increase approximately 3% per year; the rates used in the proposal budget are based on the current Federally-negotiated Rate Agreement rate plus annual escalation for out years.

19 of 68 TYPE 2017 2018 Faculty 29.56% 30.45% Post Doc 25.75% 26.52% Staff 41.82% 43.07% RA 12.98% 13.37% Hourly Student 1.75% 1.80% Part Time < .49 11.33% 11.67%

Equipment: $111,100 is budgeted to purchase the CubeSat hardware components. Component costs are as follows: ITEM Cost ISIS 3-Unit CubeSat structure $4,000 MAI-400 (Complete Integrated ADACS) $42,000 ClydeSpace Integrated Battery Daughter Boards $4,100 ClydeSpace Solar Panels $24,000 ClydeSpace Motherboard $7,000 Cube Computer $5,000

NanoCom AX100 UHF Transceiver $7,000 NanoCom ANT430 antenna $6,000 Dunmore Aerospace SATKIT thermal protection $500 FLIR Tau2 640 IR camera and interface board $9,500 FLIR 100-mm narrow-angle lens $2,000

Travel: $2,000 per year is budgeted for domestic travel to offset travel expenses for collaboration between ASU and Embry Riddle groups located in Prescott AZ. Student teams will regularly travel between the partner institutions and will be reimbursed for mileage and per diem. We assume 10 trips per year, with $100 in mileage and $100 in per diem for a typical group of four students.

Materials and supplies: $2,000 per year is budgeted for miscellaneous materials and supplies, 3D printing, etc. $1,500 is budgeted for a dedicated balloon test flight of prototype hardware to test systems and mission operations

Tuition: Tuition for the graduate student is included as a mandatory benefit and is charged in proportion to the amount of effort the graduate student will work on the project. The student is anticipated at 12.5% effort in year one and 6.25% in year two. Year 1: $4,039.00. Year 2: $2,272.00

Indirect Costs: Facilities & Administrative costs are calculated on Modified Total Direct Costs (MTDC) using F&A rates approved by Department of Health and Human Services. The most current rate agreement is dated 6/15/15 and the rate is 54.5% for Organized Research. Items excluded from F&A calculation include: capital equipment, subcontracts over the first $25,000, student support, participant support, rental/maintenance of off-campus space, and patient care fees.

20 of 68 TOTAL PROJECT FUNDING PROFILE

WBS WBS Element FY2016 $RY FY2017 $RY Requested University Total Requested University Total Funding Contributions Cost Funding Contributions Cost 01 Project Team $26,802 --- $26,802 $22,345 --- $22,345 Undergraduate $15,600 --- $15,600 $16,080 --- $16,080 Salaries Graduate Student Stipends $5,949 --- $5,949 $3,186 --- $3,186 Graduate Student $4,208 --- $4,208 $2,363 --- $2,363 Tuition Fringe Benefits $1,045 --- $1,045 $716 --- $716 02 Support $2,000 --- $2,000 $2,000 --- $2,000 Equipment Lab, Machine Shop, 3D $2,000 --- $2,000 $2,000 --- $2,000 Printing Instruments 03 Payload $111,100 --- $111,100 ------ISIS 3-Unit CubeSat $4,000 --- $4,000 ------structure MAI-400 (Complete $42,000 --- $42,000 ------Integrated ADACS) ClydeSpace Integrated $4,100 --- $4,100 ------Battery Daughter Boards ClydeSpace $24,000 --- $24,000 ------Solar Panels ClydeSpace $7,000 --- $7,000 ------Motherboard Cube Computer $5,000 --- $5,000 ------NanoCom AX100 UHF $7,000 --- $7,000 ------Transceiver NanoCom $6,000 --- $6,000 ------ANT430 antenna Dunmore Aerospace $500 --- $500 ------SATKIT thermal protection FLIR Tau2 640 IR camera and $9,500 --- $9,500 ------interface board FLIR 100-mm narrow-angle $2,000 --- $2,000 ------lens 04 Integration and $1,500 --- $1,500 ------Testing

21 of 68 On/Off Campus ------Test Facilities $1,500 ------05 Mission ------Operations 06 Travel and $2,000 --- $2,000 $2,000 --- $2,000 Shipping 07 All Direct Costs $143,402 --- $143,402 $26,345 --- $26,345 (1-6) 08 Indirect Costs $15,311 --- $15,311 $13,070 --- $13,070 09 Total Requested $158,713 --- $158,713 $39,415 --- $39,415 Funding 10 University ------Contributions 11 Total Project $158,713 --- $158,713 $39,415 --- $39,415 Cost

APPENDICES

22 of 68 APPENDIX A: SCIENCE TRACEABILITY MATRIX

Science Goals Science Objectives Measurement Requirements Instrument Requirements Projected Mission Physical Observables Performance Requirements Parameters (Top Level) Goal: Objective: Surface Thermal infrared Temperature 200 mK 77 mK Uncooled long- temperature flux resolution wavelength IR Advance the 1. Identify short Temperature -10 deg C 50 deg C imager understanding timescale range of urban heat variations in the Size of Cities, suburbs, Ground 30 km 45 km Narrow field of island impacts thermal features neighborhoods, footprint view optics on energy and properties of large buildings water urban Spatial 200 m 68 m sustainability, environments resolution air pollution and 1.Differential Temporal Sample Random Excludes sun- greenhouse gas 2. Characterize Time emission across coverage distribution sampling of synchronous orbits emissions, and influence of dependent different times of of hours hours over human health human activity on patterns day mission UHI lifetime 2.Differential Sample each 0.5 to 3 Active attitude emission across target at least samples of control for off- different week 3. Characterize once per two given target nadir pointing to days influence of days per day increase sampling weather on UHI 3.Differential emission across Minimum of 1 year 350 km or higher seasonal trends 90 days orbital altitude and transient operation events

23 of 68 APPENDIX B: MISSION TRACEABILITY MATRIX

Mission Mission Design Spacecraft Ground System Requirements Operations Requirements Requirements Requirements Requirements Uncooled long- Mission length: Stabilization: Passes Per Day and Duration: General spacecraft maneuver wavelength IR Minimum requirement of 3 Active stabilization for Minimum of 2 passes per day requirements and frequency: imager month, target duration of 1 nadir and off-nadir with average 169 seconds year imaging duration (based on a 51.6 degree De-tumble following orbit insertion. Narrow field of view inclined orbit). Increased passes One time. optics Orbit altitude requirement: Mass: for lower inclination orbit. Minimum orbit altitude of 350 2716 g Target pointing up to 30 degrees Excludes sun- km to ensure minimum Assumed Antenna Size: off-nadir with 1 degree accuracy. synchronous orbits mission length. Power: 6 meter parabolic reflector and/or Once per orbit. 4W orbit average high-gain (>15dB) Yagi. Active attitude Geographic coverage: Optimal solar panel power control for off-nadir Daily passes over Phoenix, Volume: Data Volume Per Day: orientation. Once per orbit pointing to increase Arizona for communication 3U CubeSat 2.5 MB/day (up to 8.2 MB/day) following image targeting. sampling and science. 798.05 cm3 Real Time Data: Nadir pointing for downlink. Twice 350 km or higher Orbit local time: Data Rate: None per day. orbital altitude Requires varying orbit local 2.5 MB per day time in order to meet science Transmit Frequency Special maneuvers requirements: requirement of temporal Temperature range for 437.5 MHz None sampling. operation: 0 deg C to 100 deg C Power available for comm Rationale for maneuvers Type of orbit: (Watts): Target pointing increases sampling Exclude sun-synchronous Pointing control: 1 Watt rate to meet science requirements. orbits to meet orbit local time 1 degree accuracy for requirement. Requires low ground footprint target. Downlink data rate: Maximal solar power pointing eccentricity orbit for Stable over 5 minutes for 30 kbps (up to 115 kbps) maintains battery levels. consistent spatial resolution. targeting. No jitter on millisecond time scales of Number of data dumps per day: Changes in viewing modes and the imager. 2 (up to 4) directions per orbit, per day or over longer time periods. Detector radiation Spacecraft data destination: shielding: Mission operations center at ASU One view mode for entire mission. Metal enclosure around imager to reduce cosmic Science data destination: One change to viewing direction per ray artifacts. Thickness in Mission operations center at ASU orbit to image desired target. mm range.

24 of 68 Observing Strategy: Slew Rate: Target planning on 3 day centers Near-nadir pointing 1 degree/s requiring yaw and Ephemeris accuracy TBD. roll maneuvers Settle: Stability < 0.1 degree/s after 60 seconds

Instrument Precision Thermal stability: Time correlation to 0.01 seconds Weekly time correlation 10 deg C per hour

S/C bus stability: TBD

25 of 68

APPENDIX C: RESUMES

26 of 68 JUDD D. BOWMAN

CURRENT POSITION Associate Professor, Arizona State University, School of Earth and Space Exploration Co-Director, ASU Cosmology Initiative

RELATED EXPERIENCE 2014-present: PI, Ask Dr. Discovery: Facilitating Museum Evaluation with Real-Time Data Mining 2014-present: Project Scientist, Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array (HERA) 2010-present: Project Scientist, Murchison Widefield Array (MWA) 2009-present: PI, Experiment to Detect the Global EoR Signature (EDGES) 2000-2002: Task Lead, 3D Visualization and Surface Reconstruction / Computer Scientist III, QSS Group, Inc. (NASA Ames Research Center)

EDUCATION Ph.D., Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007 B.S., Physics, Washington University in St. Louis, 1998 B.S., Electrical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, 1998

RELEVANT AWARDS AND HONORS 2012: Nancy Grace Roman Early-Career Technology Fellowship, NASA 2007: Hubble Postdoctoral Fellowship (NASA/STScI) 2004-2005: Software Release Awards (2), NASA Inventions and Contributions Board 2003-2004: Administrator's Award, Honor Awards (2), & Group Achievement Award, NASA

PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES, COMMITTEES, AND BOARDS 2011-present: Executive Steering Committee, Lunar University Network for Astrophysics Research (LUNAR) 2011: Science Organizing Committee, Path to the SKA-low Workshop, Perth, Australia 2011: Science Organizing Committee, Foregrounds for CMB and 21 cm, Zadar, Croatia 2011-present: Editorial Board, Scientific Reports, Nature Publishing Group 2009-present: Murchison Radio Observatory Coordination Committee (MROCC) 2005-present: Full member of AAAS, AAS, IEEE, and URSI professional societies

SELECTED PUBLICATIONS 1. Bowman, Judd D. et al., Science With the Murchison Widefield Array, PASA, Volume 30, 28 pp., 2013 2. Bowman, J. D. & Rogers, A. E. E., Lower Limit of dz>0.06 for the duration of the reionization epoch, Nature, Volume 468, Issue 7325, pp. 796-798, 2010 3. Bowman, J. D., Rogers, A. E. E., Hewitt, J. N., Toward Empirical Constraints on the Global Redshifted 21 cm Brightness Temperature During the Epoch of Reionization, The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 676, Issue 1, pp. 1-9, 2008 4. Bowman, J. D., Morales, M. F., & Hewitt, J. N., The Sensitivity of First Generation Epoch of Reionization Observatories and Their Potential for Differentiating Theoretical Power Spectra, The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 638, Issue 1, pp. 20-26, 2006 5. Arvidson, R. E., Bowman, J. D., et al. (14 coauthors), Student Participation in Mars Sample Return Rover Field Tests, Silver Lake, California, Eos, 81, 11, 113, 117, 2000

27 of 68 Nathaniel R. Butler Work Address Home Address Arizona State University Tempe, AZ Tempe, AZ 85287-1404

Experience Arizona State University, 2011–present Tempe, AZ Assistant Professor in the Cosmology Initiative, School of Earth and Space Exploration. UC Berkeley Astronomy Dept., 2008–2011 Berkeley, CA Einstein Fellow; Broadband observations of astrophysical transients, including GRBs; building classification engine for quasars and other transients in optical surveys; PI of Reionization And Transients InfraRed (RATIR) optical/IR camera. UC Berkeley Space Sciences Lab & Ast Dpt, 2005–2008 Berkeley, CA Townes Fellow; conducted robotic and ground-based optical/IR observations of GRBs; built a repository and reduction suite for Swift satellite data; developed a novel optical camera for simultaneous 3-color imaging. MIT Center for Space Research, 2003–2005 Cambridge, MA Postdoctoral Associate; operated the HETE satellite to detect GRBs; conducted GRB followup observations in the optical and X-ray bands. MIT Center for Space Research, 1998–2003 Cambridge, MA Research Assistant MIT CSR, MIT CCD Lab; tested and characterized X-ray CCDs and X-ray mirrors, calibrated HETE satellite instruments. Princeton University, 1997–1998 Princeton, NJ Research Assistant; tested and calibrated mirrors for the WMAP satellite. Education MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Cambridge, MA Ph.D. in Physics September 2003.

PRINCETON UNIVERSITY Princeton, NJ B.A. in Physics June 1998. Graduated Magna Cum Laude, Thesis Prize. Professional Societies American Astronomical Society, Sigma Xi, International Astrostatistics Network

Selected Refereed First Author Publications 1. “Optimal Time-Series Selection of Quasars,” AJ, 143, p. 1. 2. “The Cosmic Rate, Luminosity Function and Intrinsic Correlations of Long GRBs,” ApJ, 711, p. 495. 3. “Generalized Tests for Selection Effects in GRB High-Energy Correlations,” ApJ, 694, p. 76 4. “A Complete Catalog of Swift GRB Spectra and Durations: Demise of a Physical Origin for Pre-Swift High-Energy Correlations,” ApJ, 671, p. 656 5. “X-ray Hardness Variations as an Internal/External Shock Diagnostic,” ApJ, 668, p. 400 6. “Pulse Width Evolution of Late Time X-rays Flares in GRBs: Evidence For Internal Shocks,” with Daniel Kocevski and Joshua Bloom, ApJ, 667, p. 1024

7. “X-ray Hardness Evolution in GRB Afterglows and Flares: Late Time GRB Activity Without NH Variations,” ApJ, 663, p. 407 8. “Refined Astrometry and Positions for 179 Swift X-Ray Afterglows,” AJ, 133, p. 1027 9. “On the Early Time X-ray Spectra of Swift Afterglows I: Evidence for Anomalous Soft X-ray Emission,” ApJ, 656, p. 1001 10. “When Do Internal Shocks End and External Shocks Begin? Early-Time Broadband Modelling of GRB 051111,” ApJ, 652, p. 1390

28 of 68 PHILIP R. CHRISTENSEN

Education B.S. Geology 1976 University of California, Los Angeles Ph.D. Geophysics and Space Physics 1981 University of California, Los Angeles Professional Employment 2004-present Regents Professor, Arizona State University 2000-present Ed and Helen Korrick Professor, Arizona State University. 1995-2000 Professor, Department of Geology, Arizona State University 1986-1995 Assist./Associate Professor, Department of Geology, Arizona State University 1981-1986 Faculty Research Associate, Department of Geology, Arizona State University Selected Funded Research Projects Principal Investigator, NASA, E-THEMIS, Mars Europa Mission, 2015-present. Instrument Scientist, NASA, OSIRIS-REx New Frontiers Mission, 2010-present. Principal Investigator, NASA, THEMIS, Mars Odyssey Mission, 1997-present. Principal Investigator, NASA, Mini-TES Mars 2001/2003 Rover Mission, 1997-present. Principal Investigator, NASA, JMARS Data Analysis Tool, 2005-present Co-Investigator, NASA, Eos ASTER investigation 1990-present Principal Investigator, NASA, Mars Instrument Development Program 2008-present. Principal Investigator, NASA, THEMIS Student Imaging Project 2000-present. Principal Investigator, NASA, Mars Fundamental Research Program, 2007-present. Principal Investigator, NASA, Planetary Geology Program, 1986-2011. Principal Investigator, NASA, PIDDP Program, 1984-1987; 1996-1998. Selected Recent National Service Co-Chair, NRC Committee on Astrobiology and Planetary Science, 2011-present Co-Chair, NRC Workshop on STEM Education, 2014. Chair, Mars Panel, National Research Council Planetary Science Decadal Survey (2009-2011) Chair, NASA Mars Architecture Tiger Team (2008-2010) MEPAG Executive Committee, 2007-present Selected Honors and Awards Distinguished Teaching Award, Arizona State University 2014 Fellow, Geological Society of America, 2009 G.K. Gilbert Award, Geological Society of America, 2008 NASA Public Service Medal, 2005 Fellow, American Geophysical Union, 2004 NASA Exceptional Scientific Achievement Medal, 2003 21 NASA Group Achievement Awards, 1993-present Selected Relevant Publications Klug-Boonstra, S., and P. R. Christensen (2013), Mars Student Imaging Project: Real research by secondary students, Science, 339, 920-921. Ryan, A. J., and P. R. Christensen (2012), Coils and Polygonal Crust in the Athabasca Valles Region, Mars, as Evidence for a Volcanic History, Science, 336(6080), 449-452. Edwards, C., and P. Christensen (2013), Microscopic emission and reflectance thermal infrared spectroscopy: instrumentation for quantitative in situ mineralogy of complex planetary surfaces, Applied Optics, 52(11), 2200-2217.

29 of 68 Kaela Martin

EXPERIENCE Assistant Professor, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University 2015-present Instructor of Record, AAE 340 Dynamics and Vibrations Summer 2014 Researcher, Advanced Astrodynamics Concepts, Purdue University 2011-2015 Researcher, Mathematics Department, Iowa State University 2007-2010 Researcher, Center for Nondestructive Evaluation, Iowa State University 2008-2009

ROLE AND EXPERIENCE RELATED TO THE PHOENIX MISSION Professor Martin will help operate the amateur radio station on Embry-Riddle’s campus. She has an amateur radio license and can operate the necessary equipment to communicate with contacts ranging from high altitude balloons to satellites.

EDUCATION Purdue University West Lafayette, IN Ph.D., Aeronautical and Astronautical Engineering May 2015 M.S., Aeronautical and Astronautical Engineering 2011 Iowa State University Ames, IA B.S., Aerospace Engineering 2010 B.S., Mathematics 2010

PUBLICATIONS Martin, K. M., Landau, D. F., and Longuski, J. M., “Method to Maintain Artificial Gravity during Transfer Maneuvers for Tethered Spacecraft,” Acta Astronautica, submitted May 2015. Martin, K. M., and Longuski, J. M., “Minimizing Velocity Pointing Errors for Spinning, Thrusting Spacecraft via Heuristic Thrust Profiles,” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, Vol. 52, No. 4, pp. 1268-1272, 2015. Ayoubi, M. A., Martin, K. M., and Longuski, J. M., “Analytical Solution for Spinning Thrusting Spacecraft with Transverse Ramp-Up Torques.” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics, Vol. 37, No. 4, pp. 1272-1282, 2014.

FELLOWSHIPS AND AWARDS National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellow 2010 – 2015 Purdue Doctoral Fellow 2011, 2014 Outstanding Graduate Student Service Scholarship 2014

30 of 68 THOMAS G. SHARP

EMPLOYMENT Director, LeRoy-Eyring Center for Solid State Science, 2011 - present Associate Director, School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, 2007-2011 Professor, School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, 2007-present Associate Professor, School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, 2000-2006 Visiting Research Fellow, Research School of Earth Sciences, 2003-2004 Assistant Professor of Geology, Arizona State University, 1997-2000 Research Faculty, Bayerisches Geoinstitut, Bayreuth Germany, 1991-1996 Postdoctoral Research Associate, Dept. of Geology, Arizona State University, 1991

ROLE IN PHOENIX MISSION As Co-I and director of the Space Grant Program at ASU, Professor Sharp will help direct and mentor students and oversee Arizona Space Grant Consortium reporting on the project.

EXPERIENCE RELATED TO THE PHOENIX MISSION Professor Sharp has directed the ASU Space Grant Program since 2005, which ahs included many student run engineering projects. He has mentored the ASU Space Grant High-Altitude Balloon program since 2005.

EDUCATION University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 B.S. (Geology and Geophysics) 1983 Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287. M.S.(Geology) 1986 Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287. Ph.D. (Geology) 1990

SELECTED ACIEVEMENTS, AWARDS AND PROFESSIONAL SERVICES Mineralogical Society of America Distinguished Lecturer (2005-2006) Fellow of the Mineralogical Society of America (2004) Australian National University Visiting Research Fellow (2003-2004) COMPRES Infrastructure Development Committee Chair (2008 – 2010) COMPRES Infrastructure Development Committee (2006 – present) AGU Mineral and Rock Physics Focus Group (2000 – 2007) AGU Mineral and rock Physics Student Award subcommittee (2000 – 2003) Chair, AGU Mineral Rock Physics Student Award Subcomittee (2001 – 2003)

. SELECTED PUBLICATIONS Sharp, T. G., Xie, Z., De Carli, P. S., and Hu, J. (2015) A large shock vein in L chondrite Roosevelt County 106: Evidence for a long-duration shock pulse on the L chondrite parent body. Meteoritics & Planetary Science 50, 1941-1953. Walton, E. L., Sharp, T.G., Hu, J., and Filberto, J. (2014) Heterogeneous mineral assemblages in martian meteorite Tissint as a result of a recent small impact event on Mars. Geochemica et Cosmochemica Acta, 140, 334-348. Friedlander, L., Glotch, T. D., Bish, D., Dyar, M. D., Sharp. T. G., Sklute, E. C., and Michalski, J. R. (2015) Structural and spectroscopic changes to natural nontronite induced by experimental impacts between 10 and 40 GPa. J. Geophys. Res. Planets, 120, 888–912, Rampe, E.B., Kraft, M.D. Sharp, T.S., Golden, D.C., Ming, D.W. and Christensen P.R. (2012) Allophane Detection on Mars with Thermal Emission Spectrometer Data. Geology submitted. Rampe, E.B., Kraft, M.D., and Sharp, T.G. (2013) Deriving chemical trends from thermal infrared spectra of weathered basalt: Implications for remotely determining chemical trends on Mars. Icarus 225 749–762. Michalski, J.R., Kraft, M.D., Sharp, T.G., and Christensen, P.R. (2006) Effects of chemical weathering on infrared spectra of Columbia River Basalt and spectral interpretations of martian alteration. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 248, 822–829. Glotch, T.D, Christensen, P.R. and Sharp, T.G. (2006) Fresnel modeling of hematite crystal surfaces and application to Martian hematite spherules. Icarus 181, 408-418.

31 of 68 ASSISTANT PROFESSOR JEKAN THANGAVELAUTHAM (CoI) School of Earth & Space Exploration, Arizona State University PROFESSIONAL BACKGROUND SUMMARY Assistant Professor, Arizona State University 2013 to present Postdoctoral Fellow/Associate, MIT 2009 to 2013 Research Associate, University of Toronto 2008 to 2009 Systems Engineer, MDA Space and Advanced Robotics 2000 to 2001 EDUCATION Postdoc Fuel Cells, Robot Power Systems, MIT, 2013 PhD Space Robotics, University of Toronto, 2008 BaSc Engineering Science (Aerospace), University of Toronto, 2002 CURRENT FUNDED PROJECTS 1. Europa CubeSat Feasibility Study: Europa South Pole 3D eXplorer, PI, JPL 2. Evolvable Neuromorphic Systems for Large-Scale Data Analytics & Robotics, PI, IC 3. Inflatable Antennas for CubeSats, CoI, JPL 4. Towards an Operational System for Est. Greenland Ice Sheet Thickness, PI, NASA

NOTABLE SPACE SYSTEMS AND ROBOTICS PROJECTS DARPA/Boeing Orbital Express (flight), Canadarm II (flight), SPDM (flight), NASA RESOLVE, Juno, CanX 1 & 2 CubeSats (flight), AOSAT I (flight), LunaH-Map (flight). FIELDS OF EXPERTISE Space robotics, network robotics, fuel cell power supplies, propulsion, hydrogen storage, sensor networks, spacecraft power systems, ISRU. HONORS AND AWARDS The G.N. Patterson Best PhD Thesis Award, University of Toronto (2009) NSERC Postdoctoral Fellowship (2008 - 2010), OGS Graduate Fellowship (2005-2008)

RELEVANT PUBLICATIONS 1. M. Ravichandran, A. Babuscia, A. Chandra and J. Thangavelautham, “Development of an Inflatable Antenna Prototype Structure for Interplanetary CubeSats,” Proceedings of the Interplanetary Small Satellite Conference, 2015.

2. J. Thangavelautham, and S. Dubowsky, “On the Catalytic Degradation in Fuel Cell Power Supplies for Long-Life Mobile Field Sensors,” Journal of Fuel Cells: Fundamental to Systems, pp. 1-15, DOI: 10.1002/fuce.201200065, 2012.

3. D. Strawser, J. Thangavelautham, and S. Dubowsky, “A Passive Lithium Hydride Based Hydrogen Generator for Low-Power Fuel Cells for Long-Duration Applications,” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, pp. 1-36, 2014.

4. J. Thangavelautham, D. Strawser, M. Cheung and S. Dubowsky, “Lithium Hydride Powered PEM Fuel Cells for Long-Duration Small Mobile Robotic Missions,” In the IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA), St. Paul, Minn, 2012.

5. P. Iora, and J. Thangavelautham, “Design of a Mobile PEM Power Backup System through detailed dynamics and control analysis,” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, pp. 1-12, Sept. 2012.

32 of 68 Michael S. Veto

EDUCATION______Arizona State University – Tempe, AZ Ph.D. Geological Sciences, Advised by Regents Professor Phil Christensen 2010-present BSE: Aerospace Engineering (Astronautics), Barrett Honors College 2006 - 2010

RELAVENT WORK EXPERIENCE______School of Earth and Space Exploration Graduate Research Associate 2010-present Research Martian surface processes (Impact Craters, Explosive Volcanism); Design spacecraft instruments (THESIS for Prox-1 Mission; ETHEMIS for Europa Clipper Mission) Manage lab instruments Teaching Assistant Remote Sensing (GLG 598) w/ Phil Christensen Spring 2012 Assisted teaching students remote sensing w/ aerial and space instruments. Coordinated Granite Wash Field Trip. Introduction to Earth and Space Exploration (SES 100) w/ Phil Christensen, Mark Robinson Fall 2009, Spring 2010, Fall 2010 Assisted teaching students the fundamentals of scientific method and engineering design process. NASA Space Grant 2008-2010 Student Intern: Robotics Team Lead, Student Advisor Organized a group of science and engineering students with an outlet to learn and practice hands-on engineering in robotics. Built an underwater robot for competitions each year. Served as an advising liason between students and the Space Grant Administration. Mars Space Flight Facility 2007-2009 Student Intern Assisted in compiling THEMIS images into the published 100 meter per pixel global mosaics. Orbital Sciences Corporation Summer 2009 Student Intern of Propulsion Engineering Worked on several projects to learn about propulsion systems on many of the rockets that OSC designs and uses to launch spacecraft.

GEOLOGY FIELD EXPERIENCE______• Granite Wash Remote Sensing Field Trip, Teaching Assistant for Phil Christensen of Arizona State University 2013 • Sudbury Impact Crater Field Camp w/ Gordon “Oz” Osinki of University of Western Ontario and David Kring of LPI 2012 • Channeled Scablands as a Martian Analogue, THEMIS Team Meeting w/ Josh Bandfield of University of Washington 2012 • Barringer Meteor Crater Field Camp w/ David Kring of Lunar and Planetary Institute 2011 • “Holey Tour”, Warford Ranch Volcano, San Francisco Volcanic Field, Cima Volcanic Field, and Hopi Butte Planetary Volcanology Field Trips w/ Ron Greeley and Amanda Clarke 2010-2011 • Andes and Amazon Summer Study Abroad Summer 2008

ENGINEERING DESIGN PROJECT EXPERIENCE______• Characterize detectors that are to be used for ASU’s ETHEMIS Instrument on NASA Europa Mission--NASA Planetary Instrument Definition and Development Program: Development of Longwave Infrared Detectors for Planetary Science. 2011-present • Designed, Built, Integrated, and Testing Thermal and Visible Cameras for Georgia Tech Prox-1 Nanosatellite Mission for Air Force Research Lab – Serving as Instrument PI for Mission PI Dave Spencer. 2008-present • Troubleshoot, Maintain, and Upgrade Lab Instruments-Lead Lab Tech. for Mars Space Flight Facility Spectrometer Lab. 2012-present • Designed, Built, and Competed w/ several underwater robots—ASU Space Grant Robotics–Founding Present, Mentor 2008-present • Mentored students building 2 robots for competition – FIRST Robotics High School Team 2449 – College Mentor 2008-2010

RELEVANT AWARDS RECEIVED______• TEDx Invited Speaker 2016 • Graudate Student Excellence Award, College of Liberal Arts and Science, Arizona State University 2014 • 1st Place, Prox-1 Nanosat Mission (Instrument Subsystem), University Nanosat Program, Air Force Research Lab 2013 • 2nd Place, National Underwater Robotics Competition 2009-2012 • Engineering Excellence Award, Marine Advanced Technology Education Competition 2010 • 2nd Place, Manned Mission to Apophis, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronuatics Student Design Competition 2010 • ASU President’s Scholarship 2006-2009 • Aloha Team Spirit Award, Marine Advanced Technology Education Competition 2009 • Eagle Scout 2004

COMPUTER EXPERIENCE______Linux, MATLAB, Simulink, LabVIEW, Davinci, Solidworks, Pspice,Unix, JMARS, C, C++, Python

33 of 68 GARY E. YALE

EMPLOYMENT • Associate Professor, Aerospace & Mechanical Engr. Dept., Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, 2012-present • Assistant Professor for Systems Engineering, Dept. of Aeronautics, Unites States Air Force Academy, 2009-2012 • Erdle Chair (for Systems Engineering), USAF Academy, 2006-2009 • Consultant, NASA Academy of Program/Project and Engineering Leadership, 2005-2006 • Astronautical Engineer, USAF, 1981-2005

ROLE IN PHOENIX MISSION As Co-I and director of the Space Grant Program at ERAU, Dr Yale will help direct and mentor students and oversee the Embry-Riddle segment on the project.

EXPERIENCE RELATED TO THE PHOENIX MISSION Dr Yale has directed the ERAU Space Grant Program since 2013. He has been the faculty advisor/mentor for ERAUs cubesat program with three flights in NASAs HASP program. He has also been indirectly involved with the ASCEND program during that time.

EDUCATION United States Air Force Academy, CO 80840 B.S. (Astronautical Engineering) 1981 B.S. (Engineering Sciences) 1981 Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA M.S. (Astronautics) 1984 Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA Ph.D. (Astronautical Engineering), 1993

SELECTED ACIEVEMENTS, AWARDS AND PROFESSIONAL SERVICES • Associate Fellow, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics • Certified Systems Engineering Professional, International Council on Systems Engineering

PUBLICATION • Yale, G.E., Agrawal, B.N., (1998) Lyapunov Controller for Cooperative Space Manipulators. Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics, Volume 21, Number 3, 477-484.

34 of 68 Jesus Acosta

Education Arizona State University | BS in Mechanical Engineering | Graduation Date: 05/2017 | GPA: 2.99 Paradise Valley Community College | AA Applied Science | Graduation Date: 08/2014 | GPA: 3.23

Activities Society of Automotive Engineers – Mini Baja Competition (Sep. 2014 – Current) • Modeled suspension parts in Solidworks to be used in final off-road buggy assembly. • Coordinated with other team subsystems in order to meet competition specifications. • Worked from Solidworks’ model to correctly cope steel tubing for the frame. • Prepared coped tube for TIG welding using handheld grinders. Sun Devil Satellite Laboratory – AIAA CanSat Competition (Sep. 2014 – Current) • Participated in a competition where a small satellite like device was built to simulate launch and re-entry from space. • Made a two-pulley release system for release mechanism and camera stabilizer. • Worked with team members to assemble final product and make final preparations for competition day.

Employment History Costco Wholesale Corporation – May 2013- Current • Communicate and cooperate with co-workers to keep performance high. • Interact with members in order to fulfill their shopping experience. • Work with and train new hires in order for them to safely do their job. • Responsibilities range from boxing groceries, stocking merchandise, pushing shopping carts, gas attendant and car wash attendant. • Employee of the Month for July 2015. Software • SOLIDWORKS • MATLAB • PSpice • MS Word • MS Powepoint • MS Excel

35 of 68 RAYMOND J BARAKAT

EDUCATION

Bachelor of Science in Engineering, Electrical Engineering, May 2017 (expected) Major GPA: 3.55/4.0 Cumulative GPA: 3.66/4.0

EXPERIENCE

Sun Devil Satellite Lab (SDSL/ASU), Tempe, AZ, January 2014 - Present Vice President, CanSat Team Lead, Electrical Subsystem Lead • Restructured the club for more efficient operations and to get new members more involved • Currently organizing and leading this year’s CanSat team for ASU • Designed a custom telemetry system for last year’s CanSat competition • Built a rocket for a test launch of last year’s CanSat in May 2015 University of Texas-Austin, Austin, TX, May 2015 – August 2015 NNIN REU Intern • Developed a MATLAB program to perform spectroscopy on a photonic crystal biosensor • Reduced spectrum scan time to half by developing a new driver for data collection • Wrote a custom driver to control a fiber optic switch for use as a multiplexer Grand Challenge Program - ASU, August 2015 – December 2015 Grand Challenge Research Stipend Recipient • Simulated various boost converter circuits for solar applications (buck, boost, etc.) • Built several “Joule-thief” boost converters to light an LED from low voltages

TECHNICAL SKILLS

Languages/Software: Java, C/C++, MATLAB, Arduino, PSPICE/LTspice, Android apps, Licenses: HAM – Technician’s Class (KG7MMF), Tripoli Rocketry – High Power Level 1

OTHER RELEVANT EXPERIENCE

Undergraduate Teaching Assistant CSE 100 (ASU), Tempe, AZ, August 2014 - Present • Engage students and answer their questions weekly in an introduction to C++ lab • Proctor exams three times during the semester

Honors Contract Solar Tracking Device FSE 100, Tempe, AZ, Fall 2013 • Built a solar tracking device using an Arduino, light dependent resistors, and micro-servos • Recorded and analyzed voltage data of a solar panel while the Arduino tracked the sun

Amateur Radio Society Vice President (ASU), Tempe, AZ, October 2013 - Present • Developed a payload to be sent up in a high-altitude balloon in order to collect telemetry • Volunteered at multiple events in order to provide communications for the organizers eg. Scottsdale Cystic Fibrosis Cycle for Life

36 of 68 NATHAN BARBA EDUCATION

Bachelor of Science, Mechanical Engineering, December 2017 (expected) Major GPA: 2.89/4.0 Cumulative GPA: 3.35/4.0

EXPERIENCE

Space and Terrestrial Robotic Exploration Laboratory, Phoenix, AZ, April 2015 - Present Research Intern • Collaborate to design and develop energy source for small robotics in subzero environments using nanotechnology. • Conduct analytical experimentation of rapid steam generation using nanoparticles.

ASU Human Explorer Rover Team, Tempe, AZ, September 2014 - Present President • Lead team of six to compete in NASA Human Powered Rover Competition in Huntsville, AL. • Project manager for design, logistics, and construction of rover, raised over $5000 for trip.

RePower Designs, Goodyear, AZ, October 2011 - Present Managing Consultant • Lead consultant for product development in the field of sustainability and photovoltaics. • Responsible for research and development, project management, and project feasibility.

TECHNICAL SKILLS

Skills: Python, C, C++, C#, Java, Visual Basic, HTML/CSS Project feasibility, financial accounting, business management, fabrication using metal plastics and composites, logistics, fundraising, photovoltaics, and electronics experience. Tools: MATLAB, Solidworks, PSpice, AutoCad, machine shop, welding, CNC, and laser cutter

OTHER RELEVANT EXPERIENCE, EMPLOYMENT, OR COURSES

ASU/NASA Space Grant Fellowship • Awarded fellowship to conduct research with Dr. Jekan Thanga of SpaceTREx laboratory. Governing Board Member for Avondale Elementary School District • Assist in the determination of curriculum, budgets, construction, staff Smart Floating Evaporation Cover • Lead researcher and inventor for smart floating evaporation cover system used to prevent and control evaporation for industrial and mining environment.

37 of 68 ZACHARY BURNHAM

EDUCATION

Bachelor of Science in Engineering, Electrical Engineering, May 2017 (expected) Cumulative GPA: 3.17/4.0

EXPERIENCE

Amateur Radio Society President (ASU), Tempe, AZ, October 2013 – Present President • Flight manager for two high-altitude balloon launches. Responsibilities included planning launch logistics, assembling payload train, tracking the flight and recovering the payload after landing • Project manager for communications to support the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation's Cycle for Life. Oversaw development of portable radio stations for use at the bike race • Registered as a Volunteer Examiner to proctor license exams and help new members earn their licenses • Currently developing a portable repeater system Forge Devils, Tempe, AZ, May 2015 – Present President • Responsible for planning club meetings and blacksmithing workshops • Currently developing an outreach program Student Research Aide - ASU, March 2015 – Present Working under Dr. Jim Bell • General IT support for ground operations for the Mars rovers • Responsibilities include setting up and managing various virtual machines and physical servers to support image calibration, web hosting, software development, and general geological research

TECHNICAL SKILLS

Languages/Software: Arduino, PSPICE/LTspice, Python, Matlab; Proficient with Linux Licenses: HAM – Extra Class License (KF7YRW)

OTHER RELEVANT EXPERIENCE

Tech Crew Volunteer (Mission Community Church), Gilbert, AZ, 2012 - 2014 • Responsible for managing video, song lyrics, presentation slideshows, and stage lighting for junior high and high school church services

Beekeeper, Gilbert, AZ, Spring 2015 - Present • Currently managing two large colonies of africanized honeybees • Currently developing an automated beekeeping tool for remote beekeeping operations

38 of 68 BRADLEY COOLEY EDUCATION

Bachelor of Science, Computer Science, May 2017 (expected) Major GPA: XX/4.0 Cumulative GPA: YY/4.0

EXPERIENCE

UTC Aerospace, Phoenix, AZ, April 2015 - Present Software Engineering Intern • Adapted ground station software to interface with flight control actuation systems using C • Refined CAN communications drivers for use with maintenance software

Sun Devil Satellite Laboratory, November 2014 - Present Treasurer / Software Lead • Constructed custom ground control software and autonomous flight control software for the international CanSat 2015 competition using Python and C • Integrated Arduino, Xbee, and other sensor technology using I2C and C knowledge

Performance Software, Phoenix, AZ, October 2014 - January 2015 Engineering Intern • Designed and developed both automated and manual subsystems tests for flight management systems using Visual Basic, embedded systems and bus protocol ARINC 429 • Reviewed existing Ada code in order to debug avionics systems aboard aircraft

TECHNICAL SKILLS

Languages: Python, C, C++, C#, Java, Visual Basic, HTML/CSS Tools: Eclipse, Visual Studio, Subversion, Git, DOORS, Android Studio, Virtualbox, Arduino

[OTHER RELEVANT EXPERIENCE, EMPLOYMENT, OR COURSES]

Project or Course #1 • Developed reddit bot that automatically posts a given response to a specified user's comments. • Utilized PRAW API for Python.

Project or Course #2 • Created Java desktop application that draws various colored shapes on a canvas. • Utilized object oriented principles and GUI design with Java Swing.

Project or Course #3 • Created Java desktop application that draws various colored shapes on a canvas. • Utilized object oriented principles and GUI design with Java Swing.

39 of 68 RYAN T. CZERWINSKI

EDUCATION

Bachelor of Science, Aerospace Engineering, May 2019 (expected) Major GPA: NA/4.0 Cumulative GPA: NA/4.0

AWARDS/HONORS

Barrett, The Honors College New American University Scholar, President’s List

EXPERIENCE

Cohn Consulting Corp, Atlanta, GA, June 2014 – September 2014 Network Documentation Contractor • Photographed and labeled network components at client locations • Compiled documents for new employees to be able to learn client infrastructure

TECHNICAL SKILLS

Languages: C++ (Spring 2016) Tools: Arduino, MS Office Suite, AutoCAD, Soildworks

[OTHER RELEVANT EXPERIENCE, EMPLOYMENT, OR COURSES]

Introduction to Engineering Course Project • Collaborated on a redesigned coffee maker on a four person team • Programmed Arduino to control the system • Designed parts using Solidworks

Daedalus Rocketry Club • Fabricated rocket parts using fiberglass and epoxy, a laser cutter, and a 3d printer • Designed the 3d printed electronics bay using Solidworks

Private Pilot’s License • Attained Pilot’s License October 2014 • Developed communication skills, responsibility, and time management skills

Relevant Courses Principles of Programming with C++ (Spring 2016), Calculus III (Fall 2015), Differential Equations (Spring 2016), Linear Algebra (Springs 2016), Physics: Mechanics (Springs 2016)

40 of 68 RYAN A FAGAN PROFILE Enthusiastic student with interests in exploring many fields of science with proven leadership and team management skills on both short a long term projects and a tenacious approach to learning and personal development, seeking an opportunity to gain experience and profession skills through USIP.

EDUCATION Bachelor of Science: Aerospace Engineering (Astronautics), 2019 Arizona State University—Tempe, AZ, USA Member of Sun Devil Satellite Laboratory Presidents Scholar Grand Challenges Scholar Program

High School Diploma: Science Technology Engineering Mathematics, 2015 Sunrise Mountain High School—Peoria, AZ, USA Top 1% of class 8 AP courses and 22 Honors courses 4.59 Weighted GPA Member of National Honors Society, CTSO, Theater and Robotics Clubs Advanced coursework in Engineering through UofA and Embry Riddel.

EXPERIENCE Marathonfoto—Tallahassee, FL, February 2012 - Present Event Photographer • Consistently performed above other photographers • Event management and coordination

City of Peoria Aquatics—Peoria, AZ, May 2012 – July 2012 Lifeguard and Instructor • Advanced quickly into instructor position • Instructed a varied age range from Infant to Adult • Worked with the disabled through Special Olympics program

SKILLS Programs: SolidWorks 2015, Microsoft suite/Google docs, MATLAB, CNC, LabView Prototyping: 3D Printing, Lathe, Mill, Breadboard, Woodworking, Automotive

ACCOMPLISHMENTS

Engineering Design Project (Scale Earth to Orbit EM Accelerator) • Researched electromagnetism, orbital physics, astrodynamics-principals and electrical • Designed, built and tested prototype accelerator

41 of 68 SHOTA ICHIKAWA EDUCATION

Bachelor of Science, Aerospace Engineering (Astronautics), May 2016 (expected) Major GPA: 3.92/4.0 Cumulative GPA: 3.95/4.0

EXPERIENCE

Project: Simulation of Spacecraft Attitude Control (FURI)—Spring 2015 • Analyzed three-dimensional rotational dynamics of a sphere structure with three reaction wheels and simulated the motion of the structure using MATLAB • Developed a platform to demonstrate the control system

Project: CanSat 2015 (Sun Devil Satellite Laboratory) - August 2014 - June 2015 ▪ Optimized the twist angle of blades for autorotation state Designed and built the descent control system of the science vehicle. ▪ Analyzed the dynamics of camera on the payload and designed the stabilization system.

Project: CanSat 2016 (Sun Devil Satellite Laboratory) - August 2015 - Current Leading Aero-shape design team. ▪ Designing and building a glider that glides with a circular flight path without any control surfaces.

Project: Interplanetary CubeSat Design - August 2015 - Current ▪ Designing a 6U CubeSat that travels to Phobos (a moon of Mars) to take pictures of striations and to collect composition data of the Phobos. ▪ Lead in subsystem of ADCS, navigation and guidance.

Project: SSTO (Senior Design Project) - August 2015 - Current • Designing a launch vehicle that is single-stage to orbit, fully reusable and capable of performing a full crew rotation of the ISS and delivery of payload to Hubble’s orbit. • Leading the entire design processs.

Project: Magneto hydrodynamic Torque Generator (FURI) - October 2015 -Current ▪ Analyzing the feasibility of magneto hydrodynamic torque generator for spacecraft attitude control. ▪ Implementing a prototype of torque generator.

TECHNICAL SKILLS

Languages: C++, Pyhon Tools: MATLAB, SolidWorks, ANSYS Fluent, STK, ASTOS, Arduino, MS Office

42 of 68

ADITYA R KHULLER

EDUCATION

Bachelor of Science, Aerospace Engineering (Astronautics), May 2019 (expected) Arizona State University Barrett, the Honors College

EXPERIENCE

School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, November 2015 - Present Data Collections Aide

Sun Devil Satellite Laboratory, September 2015 – Present Social Coordinator

Helpage India, April 2015-July 2015 Administrative Aide

Aryabhata Research Institute of Observational Sciences, Uttarakhand, India, August 2014 Intern Conducted research on stellar formation

LEEADERSHIP AND ACCOMPLISHMENTS

• SPACE Club Head (school) • SPACE—Completed Amateur Astronomer Levels 1 &2 • INSPIRE Internship Program • VASUDHA Science Fair o Project on Energy By-Product Recovery in Charcoal Production o Project on Energy Harnessed from Landfill Gas in Two Years • NASA “Be a Scientist” Competition—Cassini Essay

43 of 68 TORY LUTTERMOSER EDUCATION

Bachelor of Science, Geological Sciences, May 2018 (expected) Minor: Sustainability Related Coursework: Earth systems understanding, Minerology, Anthropogenic Earth processes, modern global and social problems.

EXPERIENCE

Co-Author of Geology of Caves Blog, (expected launch December 2015) • Written analysis and pictorial explanations of the geology of two Arizona Caves In-N-Out Burger (September 2015 to present) Store Associate • Responsible for customer satisfaction, cleanliness, and hospitality in a fast paced restaurant environment.

OfficeDepot-Max (January 2014 to September 2015) Store Associate • Customer service, sales, register, copying, faxing, organization solutions, as well as custodial duties.

EXPERIENCE

Communication • Presenting on topics of group and individual research

Leadership • Served as mentor to incoming freshmen and transfer students • Worked as makeup and hair manager for 2 years in High School plays

AWARDS AND HONORS

• Dean’s List, Arizona State University, 2014-2015 • Graduate with Honors from Desert Ridge High School and Mesa Mayors Youth Committee

44 of 68 WILLIAM J. MERINO III

EDUCATION: Arizona State University, Tempe 6/13-Present Currently pursuing a Bachelors degree in Earth and Space Exploration Concentration: Exploration Systems Design Minor: Astrophysics Major GPA: 3.6/4.0 Cumulative GPA: 3.3/4.0 Dean's List: Fall 2013, Spring 2013

California State University, Fullerton 8/04-12/07 Associates degree, Finance

EXPERIENCE: School of Earth and Space Exploration – Intern 08/14-12/14, 08/15- Present • Mentor for incoming freshman and transfer students • Prep students for Camp SESE excursion • Set up study groups and offer tutoring when needed

Sun Devil Satellite Lab (SDSL) - Industry Relations Officer 5/15- present • Liaison between corporate representation and SDSL • NASA USIP Project Scientist • 2013 -2014, 2014-2015 AIAA CanSat Competition - subsystem engineer • Mars-One Payload Competition team member - top ten finalists

BetterGrow Hydro, Pasadena, CA - Hydroponic Technician and Sales Associate 4/11-4/13 • Consultant and technician for indoor and outdoor cultivation operations. • Maintain online inquiries and technical support via company website. • General maintenance of in-house hydroponic systems. • Responsible for testing new products. • Experience with design, construction, and management of indoor gardens both passive and closed

Cassette, Los Angeles, CA – General Manager 10/06 – 12/08 • Responsible for managing all daily operations for burgeoning LA-based fashion label. • Managed all accounts and was liaison for all clients and vendors. • Co-directed domestic production operations. • Developed company accounting system using Excel. • Produced and managed New York Fashion Week event and show.

TECHNICAL SKILLS:

Languages: Basic knowledge of Python and Matlab Tools: Adobe Photoshop, Adobe Illustrator, SolidWorks, MS Office, machine shop certified, mig welding, soldering

45 of 68 Mireya Ochoa

EDUCATION

Bachelor of Science, Earth and Space Exploration, May 2017 Arizona State University, Tempe AZ

Bachelor of Science, Aerospace Engineering, May 2018 Arizona State University, Tempe AZ

EXPERIENCE

Arizona Space Grant Weather Balloon Project • Objective: Design and build two instrumented payloads to be carried aloft by a buoyant hydrogen- filled weather balloon to 92,000 feet • Project manager of the death start payload, obtain decent pictures and video of the journey

Sun Devil Satellite Laboratory, August 2014 - Present Participated in writing a proposal for Mars One

SAE, August 2014 - Present • Designing the wings and tail of plane • Programming and setting different sensors • Trade studies on telemetry

TECHNICAL SKILLS

Languages: Python, C++, MatLab, Tools: SolidWorks, AutoCad, Revit

OTHER PROJECTS

Robotics project • Mission was to program robot to do basic commands like follow our instructor, take pictures while moving forward or backwards, avoid objects.

Paper Tower • Constructed a 27 in high paper tower in a group of 3 peers for an engineering contest. Built the tower in 30 minutes using only 120 sheets paper and 10 feet of tape. Won first place with the tower supporting a load of 57.3 lbs. reated Java desktop application that draws various colored shapes on a canvas.

46 of 68 GIANNA-MARIA K. PARISI

EDUCATION

Arizona State University- Earth and Space Exploration System Designs and double major in Sustainability.

EXPERIENCE

The National Academy of Future Scientists and Technologists Congress

The GREEN Renewable Energy and Sustainability study abroad program in Iceland

TECHNICAL SKILLS

Basic Java

Adobe Premier Pro

[OTHER RELEVANT EXPERIENCE, EMPLOYMENT, OR COURSES]

Science on the Hill • Co-founder of new science fair in Florida

AWARDS

National Academy of Future Scientists and Technologists Award of Excellence. Awarded by Buzz Aldrin and Richard Ross

National Honor Society

47 of 68 JASON C. PICKERING EDUCATION

Bachelor of Science, Earth and Space Exploration (Astrophysics), August 2013-May 2017 (expected) Major GPA: 3.92/4.0 Cumulative GPA: 3.64/4.0

EXPERIENCE

Red Rock Technologies, Tempe, AZ, December 2014 - Present Logistics Manager, Assembler ● Assembled modular storage devices ● Performed metrology on outsourced machined aluminum

School of Earth and Space Exploration of Space, Tempe, AZ, January 2014 - May 2014 Mentor Intern ● Assisted incoming freshman and transfer students with becoming a successful student in the School of Earth and Space Exploration ● Hosted a retreat for incoming students to welcome them to their new school TECHNICAL SKILLS

Languages: Java, Matlab Programs: Microsoft Suite

OTHER RELEVANT EXPERIENCE, EMPLOYMENT, OR COURSES]

Students for the Exploration and Development of Space, Tempe, AZ, August 2013 - Present ● Hosted SpaceVision 2014 ● Ran a question and answer booth for Earth and space exploration day

48 of 68 NICHOLAS T. PRICE

EDUCATION

Bachelor of Science, Biochemistry, May 2016 (expected) Cumulative GPA: 2.62/4.0

EXPERIENCE

Flower Child, Scottsdale, AZ, May 2015 – Aug 2015 Dishwasher/Prep • Effectively reduced the amount of dishwashers required from 4 to 1-2. • Reduced the time in which the store was closed from 1 a.m. to 11 p.m.

Construction and Car maintenance, Continuous Personal • Constructed various sheds, decks and remodeling of several houses greatly increasing the value. • Personal car maintenance including brake, tire and oil changes.

TECHNICAL SKILLS

Operating systems: Competency with both Windows and Apple operating systems Tools: Data Studio, Graphical Analysis, Game maker

RELEVANT EXPERIENCE AND COURSES

Senior Research: Thermal Infrared Spectrum and uses of TIR satellite images • Proposal of a feasible space startup company with an end goal of finding investors. • Research into various topics such as urban heat islands, hydrology, polar ice caps and volcanic ash.

1st place in competition for best space company pitch • Pitched IRSat, a company that would provide near real-time Thermal Infrared data. • Described various reasons why the data obtained would be useful.

Commercial Opportunities in Space • Course focused on the commercial aspect of space and its future. • Course in which IRSat was proposed and developed.

49 of 68 SARAH S. ROGERS

EDUCATION

Bachelor of Science, Aerospace Engineering, May 2019 (expected) Arizona State University, Barrett, the Honors College Major GPA: 4.0/4.0 Cumulative GPA: 4.0/4.0

EXPERIENCE

Sun Devil Satellite Laboratory, August 2015 - Present Secretary / USIP Student PI • Developed mechanical deployment system for the 2016 CanSat competition • Record and communicate directly with organization members and faculty in developing projects and events as Secretary

NASA RASC-AL Project Proposal, September 2015-November 2015 Head of research: energy storage systems • Researched and developed methods for storing thermal and cryogenic energy • Developed methods of mining and storing lunar ice to be used as rocket fuel

TECHNICAL SKILLS

Languages: C# Tools: Autodesk Fusion 360, MATLAB, RockSim

OTHER RELEVANT EXPERIENCE, EMPLOYMENT, OR COURSES

Honors Research Project (Fall 2015) • Developing a generator for converting the rotational energy of wheels to electricity to be utilized on Electric Vehicles

Magnetic Levitation Research Project (Spring 2014) • Developed and refined a homemade magnetic levitation train as a means of exploring the properties of magnetic attraction and repulsion

FSE 100: Introduction to Engineering (August 2015-Present) • Developed the fundamentals of the engineering design process • Developed skillsets in MATLAB and Autodesk Fusion 360

50 of 68 PHLIP T. RYBAK

EDUCATION

Bachelor of Science, Astrophysics, May 2017 (expected) Major GPA: 3.6/4.0 Cumulative GPA: 3.3/4.0

EXPERIENCE

Students for the Exploration and Development of Space, August 2013 - Present Student Member

School of Earth and Space Exploration, August 2014 – January 2015 Intern • Mentor for incoming Freshman and transfer students.

TECHNICAL SKILLS

Languages: Matlab, Java, HTML/CSS

[OTHER RELEVANT EXPERIENCE, EMPLOYMENT, OR COURSES]

Goring Kerr and Thermo • Assistant Engineer for commercial metal detector operations

Cruise America • R/V Maintenance

Fit Logistics • Freight Dispatch

51 of 68 KEZMAN SABOI

EDUCATION

Bachelor of Science in Earth and Space Exploration with a Concentration in Astrophysics, May 2018 (expected) Major GPA: 4.03/4.0 Cumulative GPA: 3.9/4.0

EXPERIENCE

School of Earth and Space Exploration, August 2015 - Present Software Intern • Study explosions of supernovae by collecting their data using the Stampede supercomputer on XSEDE and running them using the Unix Shell programing language. • Creating different runs and programs by changing flash.par. • Writing various versions of physics packages that can be used to study such aspects of physics as gravity, magnetism, and thermodynamics. • Analyzing data files using python language and YT Project’s data inspections and visualization programs. AstroDevils, August 2014 - Present Member • Operating and setting up telescopes the study and observation of celestial bodies like the moon. ASU Sundial August 2014 – Present Member • Mentoring incoming freshmen and introducing them to opportunities that Arizona State University has in the fields of Physics and Astronomy.

TECHNICAL SKILLS

Languages: Python, UNIX Shell, and MatLab

RELEVANT COURSE PROJECTS PERFORMED

• Currently developing a wieldy pressure-sensitive astronaut glove that is highly protective from radioactive material, feels comfortable to wear, and makes easy handling of tools. • Developed an ordinary water rocket, with a camera mounted on it, designed to make an upward trajectory from the ground to a height of more than 100 feet and trigger the camera to take pictures of objects on that are on the ground below it, and safely land after the deployment of a parachute.

52 of 68 JAIME A SANCHEZ DE LA VEGA

EDUCATION

Bachelor of Science in Aerospace Engineering, May 2018 (expected) Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ Major GPA: 3.81/4.0 Cumulative GPA: 3.81/4.0

EXPERIENCE

Sun Devil Satellite Laboratory, August 2015 - Present Media and Web Coordinator, USIP Project Manager, CanSat Team Lead, CanSat Mechanical Lead • Maintaining club websites and social media accounts, coordinating press coverage, and advertising. • Managing USIP project, coordinating subsystem teams, and ensuring effective communication between mentoring faculty and students. • Leading ASU’s CanSat team to compete in design, build, fly, CanSat Competition. • Developing, constructing, and testing deployment system for CanSat.

Instituto Kino de San Luis, San Luis Rio Colorado, Mexico, January 2014 - May 2014 Student Programming Intern • Contributed to development of psychometric testing software that increased efficiency in testing incoming students for psychological problems.

TECHNICAL SKILLS

Software Tools: SolidWorks, MATLAB, Microsoft Office Suite Languages: C++, Python, Java

RELEVANT PROJECTS

Universidad Tecnológica de San Luis Rio Colorado’s Fourth Robotics Tournament • Lead team of 10 in design and construction of “Best Design” winner, fighting “sumo” robot • Contributed in design of mechanical and electrical systems.

Arizona Western College Student Showcase • Designed and fabricated artistic welding sculpture. Awarded second place in communications division.

TechShop • Received safety and basic usage training in the use of Universal Laser Cutter, Waterjet Cutter CNC, Welding (TIG, MIG, and Oxyacetylene), Metal shop, and Wood shop.

53 of 68 STEPHANIE SHAHRZAD

EDUCATION

Bachelor of Science, Geology and Geoscience, Exchange student from University of Copenhagen, Denmark (expected departure back: end of December 2015)

Currently attending Arizona State University.

Danish GPA: 3.88/4.0 (US equivalent)

EXPERIENCE

European Geosciences Union General Assembly, Vienna, Austria, April 2015 Technical Assistant • In charge of technical setups and management for the presenters. • Coordinating schedules and delegating work between other assistants.

Danish Geologic Symposium 2015 Co-Coordinator • In charge of schedule planning and booking talks. • In charge of maintaining a relevant scientific

TECHNICAL SKILLS

Languages: Matlab, HTML/CSS basics Tools: ArcGIS, GMS Programs: Microsoft Word, PowerPoint, Excel

OTHER RELEVANT EXPERIENCE, EMPLOYMENT, OR COURSES

Project or Course #1 • Course: Commercial Opportunities in Space. o Project: Proposing a company, named IRSat, composed of a constellation of CubeSats to monitor the Earth in Thermal Infrared in near real-time. We plan to use this to monitor volcanic ash, urban heat islands, polar ice caps and hydrology.

Project or Course #2 • Won Arizona State University’s SEDS Entrepreneur Competition with our IRSat business project.

54 of 68 JACOB ALAN SHELLENBERGER

EDUCATION

Associates Degree, Organizational Management, EMCC, May 2013 Associates of Arts, EMCC, May 2013 Bachelor of Science, Exploration Systems Design, May 2017 (expected) Minor in Business, December 2015 Major GPA: XX/3.0 Cumulative GPA: YY/3.0

EXPERIENCE

Field Engineering Seminar, ASU/JPL, Tempe, AZ, January – April 2015 • ‘Macguyver’ style engineering • Utilized Arduino technology • Based off of the Andy Weir book ‘The Martian’

ASU Teachers Assistant, June – July 2014 • Worked with Dr. Amy Landis and PHD candidate Claire Antaya • Taught Earth Systems Engineering and Management (CEE 400)

TECHNICAL SKILLS

Tools: Licensed to work in ASU’s Machine shop. Serve-Safe certified

OTHER RELEVANT EXPERIENCE, EMPLOYMENT, OR COURSES

Commercial Opportunities in Space (Jim Bell, Phil Mauskop) • Promoted the Idea of a Space Elevator • Became very familiar with non-traditional space faring companies

Earth Systems Engineering and Management (Dr. Amy Landis) • Renewable energy and systems knowledge • Promoted team work and outside the box thinking

Previous Work Experience • Restaurant owner and manager • Night club owner and manager

55 of 68 SARAH L. SMALLWOOD EDUCATION

Bachelor of Science, Aerospace Engineering (Astronautics), May 2018 (expected) Major GPA: 3.37/4.0 Cumulative GPA: 3.53/4.0

EXPERIENCE

NASA Pathways Intern, Houston, TX, January 2016 – August 2017 Aerospace Engineering Intern • Interning at the Johnson Space Center for three tours beginning in Spring 2016 • Placed in the Flight Operations Directorate for January – May 2016

Space and Terrestrial Robotics Exploration Laboratory, Tempe, AZ, April 2014 - Present ASU/NASA Space Grant Intern • Payload engineer for the Asteroid Origins Satellite performing regolith experiments for centrifuge concept and developing prototypes of regolith release mechanism • Risk management engineer for a Europa Clipper companion proposal assessing impact damage

Sun Devil Satellite Laboratory, Arizona State University, October 2013 - Present President / AIAA CanSat Competition Team Lead • Managed the 2014 – 2015 SDSL CanSat Competition team • Organized the beginning of a long-term partnership between Ortbital ATK and SDSL

TECHNICAL SKILLS

Languages: MATLAB, minimal Java and Python Tools: Solidworks, AutoDesk Inventor, TACAA, Microsoft Visio, PSPICE, LaTeX

OTHER RELEVANT EXPERIENCE

Mars One University Payload Challenge, Science Lead • Proposed companion satellite to track and predict Martian weather patterns • Proposal placed top ten internationally

2013 – 2014 AIAA CanSat Competition, Payload Specialist • Designed and built egg protection for mock satellite entry into competition • Designed payload section of satellite structure.

AstroDevils: ASU Astronomy Club, President • Organize outreach events to encourage young students to pursue STEM fields • Operate telescopes at outreach events and train others to operate

56 of 68 CHAD A STEWART EDUCATION

Bachelor of Aerospace Engineering, May 2016 (expected) Major GPA: 3.13/4.0 Cumulative GPA: 3.13/4.0

EXPERIENCE

Sun Devil Satellite Laboratory, November 2013 - Present Outreach Coordinator • Assisted in design, fabrication and manufacturing of the Cansat 2015 competition Descnt Control Device . • Developed preliminary SolidWorks designs for Cansat 2015 Structure and Descent Control Device.

Metal Craft, Tempe AZ, September 2012 – August 2013 Fabrication Intern • Organized facility materials including; in-processing, collated storage facilities, and recycled metals.  Maintained shop’s mills, lathe, and CNC equipment. Was responsible for equipment coolant and lubricant levels, clearing recycle materials, and setup and tear down of operational fixtures. • Review of drawings for feature cataloging using InspectionXpert software.

United States Navy, Sasebo, Japan/San Diego, CA January 2003 – January 2009 Electronics Technician • As a technician I was responsible for a suite of 30 UHF radios used in LOS and SAT communications involving troubleshooting, calibrating, insulation, repair of radios and associated equipment (including antennas, remote amps, and handsets). • Coached new technicians on the planned maintenance system, radio repair and troubleshooting.

TECHNICAL SKILLS

Languages: Python, C, C++, C#, Java, Visual Basic, HTML/CSS Tools: Eclipse, Visual Studio, Subversion, Git, DOORS, Android Studio, Virtualbox, Arduino

OTHER RELEVANT EXPERIENCE, EMPLOYMENT, OR COURSES

High Speed Aerodynamics Transonic Flow Modeling • Developed a fluid flow model for Matlab to model fluid flow over an airfoil through the transonic regime.

57 of 68 Ifeanyi J. Umunna

EDUCATION

Bachelor of Science, Aerospace Engineering, May 2017 (expected) Major GPA: 3.7/4.0 Cumulative GPA 3.7/4.0

EXPERIENCE

Aerodynamics Wind-Tunnel Laboratory, Arizona State University, August 2015 - Present

Systems Dynamics and Controls Laboratory, Arizona State University, August 2015 - Present

Education Management Corporation, Chandler, AZ, July 2014- July 2015 National Admissions Representative

TECHNICAL SKILLS

Languages: MATLAB, Python, Solid Works CAD modeling, numerical calculation Tools: Arduino

RELEVANT EXPERIENCE, EMPLOYMENT, OR COURSES

Commercial Opportunities in Space • Development of legitimate infrared satellite remote sensing company • The commercial world of space, its ambitions, and its competitors were detailed. Guest speakers from large commercial space organizations gave lectures and presented their affiliated companies. Opportunities in space were also explored.

System Parameter Characterization Project • Characterized an electromechanical system using Labview equipment and data analytic techniques and developed applicable controller designs for the system.

Electrical Circuits Project • Used MAX 32 microcontroller to develop a motion sensing security system

58 of 68 EDWARD L VINCIGUERRA

EDUCATION

Bachelor of Science, Mechanical Engineering, May 2017 (expected) Major GPA: 3.84/4.0 Cumulative GPA: 3.84/4.0

EXPERIENCE

Materials Science Lab, Tempe, AZ, May 2015 - Present Undergraduate Engineering Research Principle Investigator • Experimented with growing potential solar cell and flexible electronics materials (graphene). • Performed thermal and mechanical analysis on potential flexible electronic devices to predict product failure. • Designed different materials transfer techniques and applied them to experiments.

Engineering Projects in the Community (EPICs), Tempe, AZ, August 2014 - Present Design Lead • Designed prototypes for Feed Kenya project using Solidworks. • Presented prototypes to panel of industry leaders and potential project investors.

Structural Analysis Project, Phoenix, AZ, January 2014 – May 2015 Engineering Intern • Designed and developed balsa wood model bridge using CAD programs. • Performed structural analysis on balsa wood model bridge using ANSYS Workbench and conducted real life failure experiment.

TECHNICAL SKILLS

Languages: Python, Java, Visual Basic Tools: Solidworks, ANSYS Workbench, Matlab, Visual Studio, Virtualbox

OTHER RELEVANT EXPERIENCE, EMPLOYMENT, OR COURSES

Sun Devil Satellite Lab • Thermal lead performing CubeSat thermal analysis with program Ansys Workbench • Volunteered to help design different launch devices.

Solar Powered Model Car • Designed and developed model car that ran on solar power and was fitted with remote controlled steering. • Conducted efficiency and mechanical analysis on the solar power system and the frame of the car.

59 of 68 MARK WILLIAMSON

EXPERIENCE • Some training with GIS; JMars 2020, Integrated Software for Imagers and Spectrometers (ISIS) • Internships with the School of Earth and Space Exploration, new-student mentoring program for two consecutive years (Fall 2014 and Fall 2015 semesters) • Vice President of Students for the Exploration and Development of Space at Arizona State University (SEDS-ASU) for Academic School Year 2015-2016 • ASU-NASA SpaceGrant Recipient for Academic School Year 2015-2016 o Working as an Instrument Specialist for the Space and Terrestrial Robotic Exploration Laboratory (SpaceTREx).

EDUCATION 2011-2013 Truckee Meadows Community College Reno, NV

• Gained 56 college credit hours while still in high school. • Graduated from Truckee Meadows Community College Magnet High School with an Advanced Honors Diploma, and a total GPA of 4.391 • Notable classes taken- o Calculus I o Biology 223- Human Anatomy and Physiology I o Chemistry 121- General Chemistry I o Physics 151- General Physics I 2013-Present Arizona State University Tempe, AZ

• Currently a Senior in the School of Earth and Space Exploration o Awarded yearly $8,000 (in-state) Provost’s Scholarship by ASU o Astrobiology Major with Biological Sciences Minor (Graduation in Spring, 2016) o Current GPA- 3.98 VOLUNTEERING AND OUTREACH • SEDS SpaceVision 2013; ~40 hours volunteered o Helped organize and maintain “the largest student run space conference in the world.” • Phoenix Comicon 2014; ~45 hours volunteered o Instrumental in managing and coordinating SESE and SEDS exhibitor booths, selling items, engaging the public, etc. • AstroRecon 2015; ~33 hours volunteered o Checked admittance, operated video and sound for almost all lecturers at the “Conference on Spacecraft Reconaissance of Asteroid and Comet Interiors.” • Earth and Space Exploration Day, Earth & Space Open Houses, and Night of the Open Door o Periodic monthly/semesterly outreach events for SEDS and SESE; ~50 hours volunteered o Operated TEAL Room, ISTB4, coordinating games and selling merchandise • Sierra Verde School outreach opportunity; ~7 hours volunteered o Three other SEDS members and myself visited this school to present on and get young kids’ minds exposed to many exciting space topics

60 of 68 YOUSSEF YOUSSEF EDUCATION

Bachelor of Science, Earth and Space Exploration, Systems Design, May 2017 (expected) Major GPA: 3.7/4.0

EXPERIENCE

Undergraduate Research: Student Engineer (1/1/2015 - present) Involved with an ultrafast laser lab that utilizes a femtosecond laser pulse to examine electron dynamics in both gas phase and solid state systems. Responsible for designing, constructing, and aligning a XUV transient absorption spectroscopy apparatus for investigation of high field ionization and electron transportation. Other Projects and disciplines included: • Designed and Fabricated low voltage feedthroughs using Solidworks and Machine Shop to control stepper motors in chamber

Internship: Metem Corporation (7/1/15 - 9/1/15) Leader of electro chemical machining company that design and manufacturing cooling holes for turbines in Jet Engine and Power Generation applications: • Managed and Tested IT department developement of the module for changes and improvements • Presented module to the Engineering Department and Director of Manufacturing for Approval • Created manuals and conducted Training for Supervisors, Operators, and Tool Crib attendants for program release Other Tasks successfully demonstrated include:

Icarus Rocketry (1/1/2015 – present) • design and build high powered rockets funded by NASA.  • Assist with proposals and design reviews for various competitions. • Presented an experiment through a poster at this event. Experiment involves the successful operation of an ultra-fast laser that utilizes a femtosecond laser pulse. The development of mass spectrometer was used to explore salvation shells of aerosols. •

TECHNICAL SKILLS

Languages: Python, Minitab Statistical Analysis, Skills: Electrochemical Machining, Electrodynamic Machining, Circuit modeling and construction. Solidwords analysis

61 of 68 APPENDIX D: ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

ADCS Attitude Determination Control System ANSR Arizona Near Space Research ASU Arizona State University COTS Commercial-Off-The-Shelf MLI Multi-Layer Insulation MT Magnetotorquer NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration PI Principal Investigator PL Project Lead RW Reaction Wheel SDSL Sun Devil Satellite Laboratory Space Grant National Space Grant College and Fellowship Program TIR Thermal Infrared USIP Undergraduate Student Instrument Proposal

62 of 68 APPENDIX E: REFERENCES

"F10.7 Cm Radio Emissions." F10.7 Cm Radio Emissions. SPACE WEATHER PREDICTION CENTER NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION, n.d. Web. 13 Nov. 2015. .

"Geomagnetic Kp and Ap Indices." Geomagnetism. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, n.d. Web. 13 Nov. 2015. .

"SATELLITE ORBITAL DECAY CALCULATOR." Lizard-Tail. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Nov. 2015. .

Li, Junquan, Mark Post, Thomas Wright, and Regina Lee. "Design of Attitude Control Systems for CubeSat-Class Nanosatellite." Journal of Control Science and Engineering 2013 (2013): 1- 15. Web. 2 Nov. 2015.

1 Solar Radio Flux http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/f107-cm-radio-emissions

"Historical Declination Viewer." Historical Declination Viewer. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, n.d. Web. 15 Nov. 2015. .

Berdahl P. and S. Bretz. 1997. Preliminary survey of the solar reflectance of cool roofing materials. Energy and Buildings 25:149-158.

Akbari, H. 2005. Energy Saving Potentials and Air Quality Benefits of Urban Heat Island Mitigation (PDF) (19 pp, 251K). Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.

Center for Disease Control and Prevention. 2006. Extreme Heat: A Prevention Guide to Promote Your Personal Health and Safety.

James, W. 2002. Green roads: research into permeable pavers. Stormwater 3(2):48-40.

Wilbanks, T. J., and Coauthors, 2007: Industry, settlement and society. Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. M. L. Parry et al., Eds., Cambridge University Press, 357–390.

W.T.L Chow, D. Brennan, A. Brazel, 2011. Urban Heat Island Research in Phoenix, Arizona: Theoretical Contributions and Policy Applications. American Meteorological Society, April 2012, 517-527.

63 of 68 Taha, H. and L.S. Kalkstein, S.C. Sheridan, and E. Wong. 2004. The Potential of Urban Environmental Controls in Alleviating Heat-wave Health Effects in Five US Regions. Presented at the American Meteorological Society Fifth Conference on Urban Environment. 25 August.

EPA. 2003. Beating the Heat: Mitigating Thermal Impacts. Nonpoint Source News-Notes. 72:23-26

64 of 68 APPENDIX F: SPACE GRANT PROPOSAL ADDITION

Student Internships, Stipends, and Consortium

Stipends will be provided to eligible undergraduates on the student team.

Undergraduate student leads will also be eligible to receive stipend for their contributions to the project. The award of stipends is intended to allow students to allocate more of their time to the project and further motivate them. $31,680 is budgeted for the duration of the project to fund the stipends. We anticipate awarding stipends to 15 core team members per year, with each stipend totaling $1000. Some students on the team are ineligible for stipends due to citizenship status and/or course credit restrictions.

Participating graduate mentor, Michael Veto, will receive a stipend comparable to 25% of the typical ASU research stipend for graduate students for his mentoring contributions to the project. ASU graduate students receiving stipends also receive tuition remuneration and both are included in our budget.

We anticipate that 4 to 5 paid student positions will be hired and managed through the Space Grant Program at ASU. Team leaders will be supported as undergraduate Space Grant Scholars. Like other undergraduates supported by Space Grant, they will participate in the annual Space Grant Research Poster Session (February at ASU) and in the Research Symposium (April 2016 UoA, April 2017 ASU). Reporting and tracking of student success will be reported through Space Grant. One graduate student will be supported at 25% as a Space Grant Fellow.

65 of 68 Innovation Technology Research

Identification and Discussion of Key Innovative Technologies

IR CAMERA

To study urban heat islands, surface temperatures need to be examined to help determine their size and development. By using the thermal infrared spectrum, this can be achieved. For the specific science goals of this project to be accomplished, the thermal infrared Tau 2640 camera developed by FLIR was selected. The Tau 2640 camera core uses a vandium-oxide uncooled microbolometer for its thermal detector with a focal pixel array (FPA) of 640 x 512. This model provides a sensitivity of less than 30 mK, 640/60 Hz frame rates, and powerful image processing modes that improve detail and contrast. Alongside the selected camera core, the 100 mm lens attachment, also made by FLIR, was chosen. With a 6.2 x 5.0 degree field of view and an orbit altitude of 400 km, a resolution of 68 m can be achieved. The resolution of the selected camera and lens combination is better than both Landsat8 and Aster thermal infrared image resolutions whose resolutions are 100 m and 90 m, respectively

ADCS

A key aspect to space travel is orienting the spacecraft, whether that is to fulfill scientific mission goals or to point solar panels at the sun. During much of the 1900’s, spacecraft accomplished this through mass expulsion through thrusters. The expulsion of mass is one direction creates a torque on the spacecraft in the opposite direction in accordance with Newton’s third law. This technology unfortunately had one drawback—fuel. Every time a spacecraft would make an adjustment it would use fuel. That means that in order to survive a mission of any length a large and heavy fuel tank is required. This simply is not viable for small satellites to use. However, near the turn of the 20th century systems that could rely exclusively on reaction wheels and magnetorquers were being perfected and implemented on more and more spacecraft due to their self-contained nature. This became especially useful as science missions began to gravitate towards smaller and smaller satellites with the growth of commercial and university interests in scientific missions. This growth of interest allowed for aerospace manufacturing companies to miniaturize and modularize these systems to allow for easier integration into projects without customization. Due to the 3U constraints on this missions, these newer, smaller reaction wheel systems are the ideal choice and will prove instrumental in the success of this mission.

Identification of relevant patented NASA technologies

The CubeSat will be built using off the shelf components. By sourcing parts from different aerospace companies we expected to find the technology related to our science payload readilyin the NASA patents database. The component most likely relevant to NASA patents is the thermal IR camera, however a search of the patent database for “thermal,” “IR,” “infrared,” “infrared camera,” and “thermal camera” come up with no results for comparison.

Discussion of Relevant Commercial Applications

66 of 68 Relevant commercialization opportunities have been discussed and studied in the context of the Commercial Opportunities in Space course at ASU instructed by Dr. Jim Bell and Dr. Philip Mauskopf as a part of ASU’s Space Technology and Science (“NewSpace”) Initiative. The objective of the course is to review and investigate the history and current/future status of non- governmental (private and commercial) activities in space science, technology, and exploration. Through literature reviews, discussions and presentations by guest speakers from both the established commercial space entities like JPL, Ball Aerospace and DigitalGlobe and new commercial companies like SpaceX, Planetary Resources, XCOR and Spire, the course aims to peer into the future evolution of commercial space activities.

By bringing in mentors from the startup business and venture capitalists, the course provides direct contact with commercial markets. Members of our student team are proposing to start an aerospace company to image the entire planet every single day in the thermal infrared part of the spectrum using the CubeSat platform. The core idea behind the project is to use a constellation of small satellites to monitor the Earth and generate a large database of thermal infrared images. This database will prove to be a valuable tool to better understand the ever-changing planet. The commercialization team believes that the data will be useful both to the scientific community and commercial enterprises. Of interest to the scientific community would be applications such as monitoring the changes in polar ice caps, water reservoirs, urban heat island effect etc. The commercial utility of the data would be in the airline (volcanic ash monitoring), oil and natural gas (pipeline leak checks), and real estate (urban heat islands) industries to name a few. All of these applications can be supported by recent case studies with industry experts made by our team.

The high refresh rate that will be possible with the proposed constellation of CubeSats will enable applications in the defense sector of the American government. Although the resolution will not be comparable to the defense assets, the refresh rate could prove to be very useful. The high refresh rate will provide data continuously and enable the Department of Defense to correct the trajectories of their assets as and when required saving valuable time and fuel.

The Phoenix mission enables the commercialization team to study the technological readiness and performance levels of the COTS instruments and also to more realistically assess the available potential utility for such imagery. Phoenix will also benefit from the team’s case studies, which have shown a need for TIR data in many sectors of the commercial industry, proving that the data can be valuable beyond the science community.

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Timothy D. Swindle, Ph.D. 1629 E. University Blvd. Director, Arizona Space Grant Consortium Tucson, AZ 85721-0092 Department Head and Laboratory Director Tel.: (520) 621-4128 Department of Planetary Sciences [email protected] Lunar and Planetary Laboratory

November 19, 2015

Prof. Thomas Sharp Director, ASU/NASA Space Grant Program Arizona State University Tempe AZ

Dear Tom,

I am pleased to support your Space Grant Undergraduate Student Instrument Program (USIP) proposal, “Phoenix: Thermal Imaging to Explore the Impact of Urban Heat Islands on the Environment”, submitted through the Arizona Space Grant Consortium (AZSGC). As Associate Director of the AZSGC and leader of the Space Grant Program at Arizona State University, you are well suited to participate in the Space Grant USIP program as Co-Investigator. As Co- Investigator and AZSGC Associate Director, you will be responsible for proper management of this project and all required Space Grant reporting associated with this project. The statewide consortium office will provide support as needed.

Good luck.

Sincerely,

Timothy D. Swindle

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