Oxford and the Middle East 2021-22
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Egypt: Background and U.S
Egypt: Background and U.S. Relations (name redacted) Specialist in Middle Eastern Affairs March 24, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov RL33003 Egypt: Background and U.S. Relations Summary This report provides an overview of the key issues for Congress related to Egypt and U.S. foreign aid to Egypt. Historically, Egypt has been an important country for U.S. national security interests based on its geography, demography, and diplomatic posture. The United States has provided significant military and economic assistance to Egypt since the late 1970s. Successive U.S. administrations have justified aid to Egypt as an investment in regional stability, built primarily on long-running cooperation with the Egyptian military and on sustaining the 1979 Egyptian-Israeli peace treaty. U.S. leaders also have consistently expressed concerns about governance and human rights in Egypt, and differences over these issues have tested bilateral relations repeatedly in recent years. The United States encouraged Egypt’s long-serving president Hosni Mubarak to step down in 2011 in the face of a popular uprising, and revised U.S. assistance programs two years later, when the Egyptian military intervened to oust Mubarak’s elected successor amid popular demands. Egyptian President Abdel Fattah el Sisi, who led the 2013 military intervention and was elected in mid-2014, reportedly has high hopes for improving bilateral relations through engagement with the Trump Administration. The Obama Administration first suspended and then recast U.S. assistance for Egypt after 2013, with Congress enacting legislation placing evolving conditions on continued U.S. aid. During the 2016 U.S. -
UC Santa Barbara Dissertation Template
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Santa Barbara Protestant Missions, Seminaries and the Academic Study of Islam in the United States A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Religious Studies by Caleb D. McCarthy Committee in charge: Professor Juan E. Campo, Chair Professor Kathleen M. Moore Professor Ann Taves June 2018 The dissertation of Caleb D. McCarthy is approved. _____________________________________________ Kathleen M. Moore _____________________________________________ Ann Taves _____________________________________________ Juan E. Campo, Committee Chair June 2018 Protestant Missions, Seminaries and the Academic Study of Islam in the United States Copyright © 2018 by Caleb D. McCarthy iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS While the production of a dissertation is commonly idealized as a solitary act of scholarly virtuosity, the reality might be better expressed with slight emendation to the oft- quoted proverb, “it takes a village to write a dissertation.” This particular dissertation at least exists only in light of the significant support I have received over the years. To my dissertation committee Ann Taves, Kathleen Moore and, especially, advisor Juan Campo, I extend my thanks for their productive advice and critique along the way. They are the most prominent among many faculty members who have encouraged my scholarly development. I am also indebted to the Council on Information and Library Research of the Andrew C. Mellon Foundation, which funded the bulk of my archival research – without their support this project would not have been possible. Likewise, I am grateful to the numerous librarians and archivists who guided me through their collections – in particular, UCSB’s retired Middle East librarian Meryle Gaston, and the Near East School of Theology in Beriut’s former librarian Christine Linder. -
Albert Hourani (1915-1993)
Int. J. Middle East Stud. 25 (1993), i-iv. Printed in the United States of America Leila Fawaz IN MEMORIAM: ALBERT HOURANI (1915-1993) With the death of Albert Hourani, IJMES has lost far more than a member of its Editorial Board. It has lost an inspiration, an calim, and a friend. From the time he joined the board in 1990, he served IJMES with the same dedication he gave to all his responsibilities. He was interested in the journal and followed its progress closely. His evaluations, typed on his notorious manual typewriter with faded ribbons, always came by return mail, for he broke all records when it came to reliability. Invariably, these carried the unmistakable Hourani stamp: unique combinations of measured tone and gentle understatement, forceful intellect, and masterly erudition. No one else combined generosity and kindness with such un- faltering intellectual excellence in quite the same way or to quite the same extent. He loved to read the works of promising young scholars, and he supported their writings even if they criticized his. He was the greatest critic of his own works; yet he gave others every break he could and offered detailed and thorough com- ments on how to improve their work. As John Spagnolo, in a collectively written appreciation that introduces Problems of the Modern Middle East in Historical Perspective: Essays in Honor of Albert Hourani (1992), wrote: Typically, he would begin with an encouraging "I read your chapter with enormous inter- est." Then, after some appreciative reflection, he would, with enlightening clarity, spell out the latent significance of the work in question: "thinking about your thesis, I can now dis- cern a general thread running through it ..." Finally, after tactfully suggesting the need for "a few small corrections," there followed several pages of carefully thought out and pains- takingly annotated comments. -
The Hashemite Custodianship of Jerusalem's Islamic and Christian
THE HASHEMITE CUSTODIANSHIP OF JERUSALEM’S ISLAMIC AND CHRISTIAN HOLY SITES 1917–2020 CE White Paper The Royal Aal Al-Bayt Institute for Islamic Thought THE HASHEMITE CUSTODIANSHIP OF JERUSALEM’S ISLAMIC AND CHRISTIAN HOLY SITES 1917–2020 CE White Paper The Royal Aal Al-Bayt Institute for Islamic Thought THE HASHEMITE CUSTODIANSHIP OF JERUSALEM’S ISLAMIC AND CHRISTIAN HOLY SITES 1917–2020 CE Copyright © 2020 by The Royal Aal Al-Bayt Institute for Islamic Thought All rights reserved. No part of this document may be used or reproduced in any manner wthout the prior consent of the publisher. Cover Image: Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem © Shutterstock Title Page Image: Dome of the Rock and Jerusalem © Shutterstock isbn 978–9957–635–47–3 Printed in Jordan by The National Press Third print run CONTENTS ABSTRACT 5 INTRODUCTION: THE HASHEMITE CUSTODIANSHIP OF THE HOLY SITES IN JERUSALEM 7 PART ONE: THE ARAB, JEWISH, CHRISTIAN AND ISLAMIC HISTORY OF JERUSALEM IN BRIEF 9 PART TWO: THE CUSTODIANSHIP OF THE ISLAMIC HOLY SITES IN JERUSALEM 23 I. The Religious Significance of Jerusalem and its Holy Sites to Muslims 25 II. What is Meant by the ‘Islamic Holy Sites’ of Jerusalem? 30 III. The Significance of the Custodianship of Jerusalem’s Islamic Holy Sites 32 IV. The History of the Hashemite Custodianship of Jerusalem’s Islamic Holy Sites 33 V. The Functions of the Custodianship of Jerusalem’s Islamic Holy Sites 44 VI. Termination of the Islamic Custodianship 53 PART THREE: THE CUSTODIANSHIP OF THE CHRISTIAN HOLY SITES IN JERUSALEM 55 I. The Religious Significance of Jerusalem and its Holy Sites to Christians 57 II. -
THE MIDDLE EAST in the PAST and FUTURE of SOCIAL SCIENCE Timothy Mitchell
THE MIDDLE EAST IN THE PAST AND FUTURE OF SOCIAL SCIENCE Timothy Mitchell The founding of the Middle East Institute in Washington D.C. in May 1946 seems a convenient event to mark the arrival of Middle Eastern area studies in the United States. In January 1947 the Institute launched The Middle East Journal, the first American quarterly devoted to the contemporary Middle East. The journal’s inaugural issue declared that the region was now “very near” the United States, both in point of time-distance and with respect to the United States’ new involvement there in “questions of power politics.” Yet the Middle East remained to all except a very few Americans “essentially terra incognita.”1 The principal purpose of the journal was not to analyze the attitudes and policies of the Western powers, which had shaped the countries of the region in the past. Its aim was to set forth and evaluate the forces shaping the region today, namely “forces and factors engendered in and among these countries themselves -- their national consciousness, urge for economic self-determination, cultural conditions, population pressures, regional understandings.”2 Since these countries shared a common Islamic heritage and experience of European expansionism, moreover, a proper understanding of one country could be acquired “only though a proper knowledge of all.” The journal would therefore present particular conditions and problems in the Middle East “as facets of the whole.”3 Fifty years later, in 1996, the Institute assessed the success of this ambition with an article in the journal entitled “The Study of Middle East Politics 1946-1996: A Stocktaking.”4 The assessment was not a positive one. -
Kingdom of Jordan As Amicus Curiae Supporting Respondent ______
No. 16-499 IN THE Supreme Court of the United States _________ JOSEPH JESNER , ET AL ., Petitioners , v. ARAB BANK , PLC, Respondent . _________ On Writ of Certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit _________ BRIEF FOR THE HASHEMITE KINGDOM OF JORDAN AS AMICUS CURIAE SUPPORTING RESPONDENT _________ NEAL KUMAR KATYAL Counsel of Record JESSICA L. ELLSWORTH HOGAN LOVELLS US LLP 555 Thirteenth Street, NW Washington, DC 20004 (202) 637-5600 [email protected] Counsel for Amicus Curiae TABLE OF CONTENTS Page TABLE OF AUTHORITIES ........................................ ii STATEMENT OF INTEREST .................................... 1 SUMMARY OF ARGUMENT ..................................... 4 ARGUMENT................................................................ 6 I. JORDAN STRENUOUSLY OPPOSES THE UNJUSTIFIED ASSERTION OF EXTRATERRITORIAL JURISDICTION OVER ITS LEADING FINANCIAL INSTITUTION .................................................... 6 A. Petitioners’ Suit Offends Jordan’s Sovereignty And Threatens Its Economic Stability ........................................... 6 B. Petitioners’ Suit Undermines Jordanian-American Cooperation ................. 9 II. THIS COURT CAN AFFIRM THE JUDGMENT BELOW ON MULTIPLE GROUNDS......................................................... 12 A. The ATS Does Not Contemplate Corporate Liability ...................................... 13 B. Historical And Prudential Limits On Federal-Court Relief Independently Require Dismissal ........................................ 16 -
The Jewish Discovery of Islam
The Jewish Discovery of Islam The Jewish Discovery of Islam S tudies in H onor of B er nar d Lewis edited by Martin Kramer The Moshe Dayan Center for Middle Eastern and African Studies Tel Aviv University T el A v iv First published in 1999 in Israel by The Moshe Dayan Cotter for Middle Eastern and African Studies Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv 69978, Israel [email protected] www.dayan.org Copyright O 1999 by Tel Aviv University ISBN 965-224-040-0 (hardback) ISBN 965-224-038-9 (paperback) All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Publication of this book has been made possible by a grant from the Lucius N. Littauer Foundation. Cover illustration: The Great Synagogue (const. 1854-59), Dohány Street, Budapest, Hungary, photograph by the late Gábor Hegyi, 1982. Beth Hatefiitsoth, Tel Aviv, courtesy of the Hegyi family. Cover design: Ruth Beth-Or Production: Elena Lesnick Printed in Israel on acid-free paper by A.R.T. Offset Services Ltd., Tel Aviv Contents Preface vii Introduction, Martin Kramer 1 1. Pedigree Remembered, Reconstructed, Invented: Benjamin Disraeli between East and West, Minna Rozen 49 2. ‘Jew’ and Jesuit at the Origins of Arabism: William Gifford Palgrave, Benjamin Braude 77 3. Arminius Vámbéry: Identities in Conflict, Jacob M. Landau 95 4. Abraham Geiger: A Nineteenth-Century Jewish Reformer on the Origins of Islam, Jacob Lassner 103 5. Ignaz Goldziher on Ernest Renan: From Orientalist Philology to the Study of Islam, Lawrence I. -
This Thesis Has Been Submitted in Fulfilment of the Requirements for a Postgraduate Degree (E.G
This thesis has been submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for a postgraduate degree (e.g. PhD, MPhil, DClinPsychol) at the University of Edinburgh. Please note the following terms and conditions of use: This work is protected by copyright and other intellectual property rights, which are retained by the thesis author, unless otherwise stated. A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the author. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the author. When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given. Sarah R. Irving Intellectual networks, language and knowledge under colonialism: the work of Stephan Stephan, Elias Haddad and Tawfiq Canaan in Palestine, 1909-1948 A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Literatures, Languages and Cultures University of Edinburgh 2017 Declaration: This is to certify that that the work contained within has been composed by me and is entirely my own work. No part of this thesis has been submitted for any other degree or professional qualification. Signed: 16th August 2017 2 Intellectual networks, language and knowledge under colonialism: the work of Stephan Stephan, Elias Haddad and Tawfiq Canaan in Palestine, 1909-1948 Table of Contents -
The World's 500 Most Influential Muslims, 2021
PERSONS • OF THE YEAR • The Muslim500 THE WORLD’S 500 MOST INFLUENTIAL MUSLIMS • 2021 • B The Muslim500 THE WORLD’S 500 MOST INFLUENTIAL MUSLIMS • 2021 • i The Muslim 500: The World’s 500 Most Influential Chief Editor: Prof S Abdallah Schleifer Muslims, 2021 Editor: Dr Tarek Elgawhary ISBN: print: 978-9957-635-57-2 Managing Editor: Mr Aftab Ahmed e-book: 978-9957-635-56-5 Editorial Board: Dr Minwer Al-Meheid, Mr Moustafa Jordan National Library Elqabbany, and Ms Zeinab Asfour Deposit No: 2020/10/4503 Researchers: Lamya Al-Khraisha, Moustafa Elqabbany, © 2020 The Royal Islamic Strategic Studies Centre Zeinab Asfour, Noora Chahine, and M AbdulJaleal Nasreddin 20 Sa’ed Bino Road, Dabuq PO BOX 950361 Typeset by: Haji M AbdulJaleal Nasreddin Amman 11195, JORDAN www.rissc.jo All rights reserved. No part of this book may be repro- duced or utilised in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanic, including photocopying or recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Views expressed in The Muslim 500 do not necessarily reflect those of RISSC or its advisory board. Set in Garamond Premiere Pro Printed in The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan Calligraphy used throughout the book provided courte- sy of www.FreeIslamicCalligraphy.com Title page Bismilla by Mothana Al-Obaydi MABDA • Contents • INTRODUCTION 1 Persons of the Year - 2021 5 A Selected Surveyof the Muslim World 7 COVID-19 Special Report: Covid-19 Comparing International Policy Effectiveness 25 THE HOUSE OF ISLAM 49 THE -
Qaboos, the Sultan Who Transformed Oman
SUNDAY, JANUARY 12, 2020 07 Qaboos transformed the Arabian Peninsula nation from a backwater into a modern state while pursuing a moderate but active foreign policy cil statement said. (GCC). 1962. State media did not disclose “He was a stable force in the He went on to join a British the cause of death. Qaboos had Middle East and a strong US infantry battalion in Germany, been ailing for years and was in ally. His Majesty had a vision returning home to bide his time Belgium in December for treat- for a modern, prosperous, and under the close watch of his fa- ment. peaceful Oman, and he willed ther, Sultan Said bin Taymur. that vision into reality,” former On July 23, 1970, Qaboos de- Longest-serving leader US president George W. Bush posed his father in a palace coup, Qaboos, who died on Friday at said in a message of condolence. pledging “a new era” for the na- the age of 79 as the longest-serv- Abu Dhabi Crown Prince Mo- tion. ing leader of the modern Arab hammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan “In the early years, he went world, came to power in 1970. said Saturday that Oman and village to village and he had a He had been ill for some time the Arab world have lost a “wise weekly radio address -- that and was believed to be suffering leader and a (figure) of great was the only way to reach the from colon cancer. historical stature”. entire population at the time,” The late sultan, who was un- British Prime Minister Boris said Muscat-based public policy married and had no children, Johnson also recalled a meet- analyst Ahmed al-Mukhaini. -
Administration of Barack Obama, 2014 Remarks Prior to a Meeting With
Administration of Barack Obama, 2014 Remarks Prior to a Meeting With King Abdullah II of Jordan in Rancho Mirage, California February 14, 2014 President Obama. Well, it is a great pleasure to welcome my good friend and partner, King Abdullah, back to the United States. And it's wonderful to be able to host him here at beautiful Sunnylands. I want to thank the Annenberg group that has maintained this wonderful facility and made it available to us. This gives me an opportunity to have an extensive consultation with His Majesty in a less formal setting. But I think it's fair to say that we have very few friends, partners, and allies around the world that have been as steadfast and reliable as His Majesty King Abdullah, as well as the people of Jordan. In a region that obviously is going through enormous changes, the friendship between our peoples has been a constant. And most recently, we are now partnering because Jordan just took its seat on the Security Council and is working actively with us on a whole range of international issues. I'm going to be very interested in hearing more from His Majesty about the reforms that he has initiated both politically and economically, because his top priority obviously is the prosperity of his people and providing more opportunity for the population there. We've been very impressed with the fact that, although oftentimes difficult and although it meets resistance sometimes, His Majesty has been able to move forward with the reforms that meet the IMF program that has been put together. -
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ISSN 2029-1701 Mokslinių straipsnių rinkinys ISSN 2335-2035 (Online) VISUOMENĖS SAUGUMAS IR VIEŠOJI TVARKA PUBLIC SECURITY AND PUBLIC ORDER 2016 (17) Scientific articles CULTURAL SECURITY, NATION-BUILDING AND THE STATE IN JORDAN Agnieszka Syliwoniuk-Wapowska* *Pope John Paul II State School of Higher Education in Biała Podlaska, Faculty of Economics and Technical Sciences, Chair of Economics and Management, Department of National Security ul. Sidorska 95/97, 21-500 Biała Podlaska, Poland Telephone (+48) 83 344 99 00 E.mail: [email protected] Annotation. The main goal of the article is to show the relationships between the policy of nation-building and cultural security in Jordan. Both the phenomena have an essential meaning for the political stability of the Hashemite Kingdom, which will be shown in the paper. The policy of nation- building is intensely promoted by the state authorities and there are many steps that are taken to create a solid national identity. In Jordan nation-building is about overcoming divisions which exist within the society and integrating people into one national community which is based on cetrain values and joint interests and, at the same time, accepts plurality. It should be noticed that some of the aforementioned initiatives also fall within the scope of the state’s security policy in the sense that they are important from the point of view of esuring cultural security. Keywords: Jordan, state security, cultural security, policy of nation-building, national identity, state policy INTRODUCTION The history of the Jordanian statehood dates back to the first half of the XX century. The Emirate of Transjordan was established in 1921 and for over two decades it remained dependent on Britain.