FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT/
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
FOR
JALAGAM VENGALA RAO OPENCAST MINE (I&II EXPANSION) (With Integrated Coal Washery)
KOMMEPALLI VILLAGE NEAR SATHUPALLI TOWN, SATHUPALLI MANDAL, KHAMMAM DISTRICT , TELANAGANA STATE.
Project Proposal: Proposed Mine lease area -1953.46 ha Production Capacity - 10 Mtpa Washery Capacity - 4 Mtpa
Project Proponent: THE SINGARENI COLLIERIES COMPANY LIMITED (A Government Company) KOTHAGUDEM COLLIERIES – 507 101 (T.S.)
Prepared by:
E P T R I ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION TRAINING & RESEARCH INSTITUTE Sy. No. 91/4, Gachibowli, Hyderabad
September- 2020 Declarations by Experts contributing to the EIA/EMP of Jalagam Vengala Rao Opencast Mine (I&II Expansion)
I, hereby, certify that I was a part of the EIA team in the following capacity, developed the EIA/EMP of Jalagam Vengala Rao Opencast Mine (I&II Expansion) Project of The Singareni Collieries Company Ltd, Kothagudem, T.S. EIA Coordinator: Name: Shaheda Begum (Category B)
Name: Mrs. V. Bhavani (Category B) Signature & Date: Period of involvement: Contact information: Environment Protection Training & Research Institute Sy. No. 91/4, Gachibowli, Hyderabad
Functional Area Experts:
Functional Involvement Signature and S. No. Name of the expert/s areas (period and task**) date
Involved in identifying Mrs. Shaheda Begum monitoring locations, (Category A) 1 AP* interpretation of results, identifying impacts and Mrs.Kavitha suggesting mitigation (Category B) measure.
Mrs. Shaheda Begum Involved in identifying (Category A) monitoring locations,
2 WP* interpretation of results, Mrs.V.Bhavani identifying impacts and (Category B) suggesting mitigation measure.
Mrs.A.Leelavathi Involved in quantification of (Category A) SW* solid waste, identifying Mr.Shaik Allavalli impacts and suggesting (Category B) mitigation measure. 3 Involved in quantification of Mr.Shaik Allavalli HW* Hazardous waste, identifying (Category B) impacts and suggesting mitigation measure. Functional Involvement Signature and S. No. Name of the expert/s areas (period and task**) date
Involved in socio-economic Mr.Gopi Krishna studies, data analysis, 4 SE* (Category A) identifying impacts and suggesting management plan
Involved in flora & fauna Dr.D.Veeranjaneyulu studies by identifying the species. Identifying impacts 5 EB* (Category A) and suggesting mitigation
measure.
Mrs. Shaheda Begum Involved in meteorological (Category A) 6 AQ* studies, identifying air pollution sources, Suggesting
mitigation measures.
Involved in identifying Mr.D.Sunder Rao monitoring locations, (Category A) 7 SC* interpretation of results, identifying impacts and suggesting mitigation measure. Mr.G.Ramesh Involved in identifying the drainage pattern and its 8 HG* (Category A) impacts. Suggesting mitigation
measure.
Dr.Ramakrishna Involved in studying the (Category A) geology of the area and 9 Geo* identifying impacts. Mr.G.Ramesh Suggesting mitigation measure. (Category B) Sri.B.Bhaskara Rao Involved in identifying (Category A) monitoring locations,
10 NV* interpretation of results, identifying impacts and suggesting mitigation Mrs.A.Leelavathi measure. (Category B)
Involved in processing of Mr. BA.Patrudu satellite imageries for land use 11 LU* (Category A) classification. Identifying impacts and suggesting mitigation measure.
Aprup Adwadkar Risk assessment, preparation 12 RH* (Category A) of risk and disaster management plan.
*Team Members Signature of the S.No Area of Involvement Experts experts 1. Assisted expert in calculating V.Bhavani emissions, met data for air modelling
2 Assisted Air expert in identification and Mr. Rahul Jarupula sampling of water samples and report preparation. 3 Assisted Water expert in identification Mr. Rahul Jarupula and sampling of water samples and report preparation. 4 Assisted Soil expert in identification of V.Bhavani sampling location, interpretation of results and report preparation 5 Mining EIA Coordinator S.Kavitha
6 Solid waste (Hazardous waste Shaheda Begum
Declaration by the Head of the Accredited Consultant Organization
I, S.D. Mukherji, hereby, confirm that the above mentioned experts prepared the EIA/EMP of JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion). I also confirm that EIA Coordinator (EC) has gone through the report, and the consultant organization shall be fully accountable for any misleading information. It is certified that no unethical practices, plagiarism involved in carrying out the work and external data/text has not been used without proper acknowledgement while preparing this EIA report..
Signature & Date Name: S.D. MUKHERJI Designation: Advisor Name of the EIA Consultant Organization: Environment Protection Training and Research Institute NABET Certificate No. & Issue Date: Certificate No. NABET/EIA/1922/RA0143, December 06, 2019 and validity date 09.05.2022
Details of Abbreviations
Functional Area S. No. Complete name of the Functional Areas Code
1. AP Air Pollution Prevention, Monitoring & Control
2. WP Water Pollution Prevention, Control & Prediction of Impacts
3. SHW Solid Waste and Hazardous Waste Management
4. SE Socio-Economics
5. EB Ecology and Biodiversity
6. HG Hydrology, Ground Water & Water Conservation
7. GEO Geology
8. SC Soil Conservation
9. AQ Meteorology, Air Quality Modelling & Prediction
10. NV Noise/ Vibration
11. LU Land Use
12. RH Risk Assessment & Hazard Management
S. No. Abbreviation Details
13. EIA Environmental Impact Assessment
14. EMP Environmental Management Plan
15. AC Accreditation Committee
16. QCI Quality Council of India
17. NABET National Accreditation Board for Education and Training Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I & II Expansion)
CONTENTS CHAPTER TITLE PAGE NO. NO. 1 INTRODUCTION 1-1 to 1-8 1.1 Purpose of the report 1-1 1.2 Identification of project and project proponent 1-1 1.2.1 Identification of the Project 1-1 1.2.2 Project Proponent 1-1 1.2.2.1 Address of the Project Proponent 1-2 1.2.2.2 Address of the Project In-charge 1-2 1.3 Brief description of the nature of the project 1-2 1.3.1 Nature of the Project 1-2 1.3.2 Coal Washery 1-2 1.3.3 Project background 1-3 1.3.3.1 Jalagam Vengala Rao Opencast-I Expansion 1-3 1.3.3.2 Jalagam Vengala Rao Opencast-II 1-3 1.3.4 Present Proposal 1-3 1.3.5 Salient Features 1-4 1.3.6 Location of the project 1-5 1.3.7 Demand-Supply Gap 1-6 1.3.8 Reduction in Coal imports 1-6 1.3.9 Utilization of Coal 1-6 Employment generation (Direct and Indirect) due to 1.3.10 1-6 the project Employment generation (Direct and Indirect) due to 1.3.11 1-6 the Coal Washery 1.4 Scope of the study 1-7 1.5 Legal and Regulatory Frame work 1-7 1.6 Status of any litigations/ court cases 1-8 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 2-1 to 2-34 2.1 Type of the project 2-1 Need for the project and its importance to the country and or 2.2 2-1 region 2.3 Location of the project 2-1 2.4 Size or Magnitude of operation 2-3 2.5 Proposed schedule for approval and implementation 2-4 2.6 Project Description 2-6 2.6.1. Physiography 2-6 2.6.2. Drainage 2-6 2.7 Geology & Coal Reserves 2-6 Regional Geology of Sathupalli-Chintalapudi Coal 2.7.1 2-7 Belt Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad xii
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CHAPTER TITLE PAGE NO. NO. 2.7.2 Geology of JVR OCP-I & II Mine Block 2-7 2.7.3 Structure 2-9 2.7.4 Description of Coal Seams 2-12 2.7.5 Quality of Coal Seams 2-12 2.8 Mining Process Details 2-13 2.9 Equipment Configuration 2-14 2.10 Calendar Programme Of Coal And Overburden Removal 2-15 2.11 Drilling And Blasting 2-16 2.12 Explosive Consumption & Magazine Capacity 2-17 2.13 Energy Requirement 2-17 2.14 Coal Washery 2-17 2.14.1. Location 2-17 2.14.2. Source of Raw Coal 2-19 2.14.3. Coal Washing Arrangements 2-19 2.14.4. List of equipment required for coal washery 2-19 2.14.5. Arrangement for Receiving of Coal at Washery 2-21 2.14.5.1 Hand Picking 2-21 2.14.5.2 Screening 2-21 2.14.5.3 Crushing 2-21 2.14.5.4 Washed Coal 2-21 2.14.5.5 Rejects 2-21 2.14.5.6 Washing Section 2-22 2.14.5.7 Batac Jigs 2-22 2.14.5.8 Drum Washer 2-22 2.14.5.9 Media handling and recovery system 2-23 2.14.5.10 Process water handling and recovery system 2-23 2.14.5.11 Coal fines treatment section 2-27 2.14.5.12 Post Washing Section 2-27 2.14.5.13 Delivery Arrangement 2-27 2.15 LAND REQUIREMENT 2-27 Land Requirement, Ownership and Acquisition 2.15.1 2-27 Status 2.15.2 Pre-Mining Land Use Pattern 2-28 2.15.3 Land Requirement 2-28 2.16 ENERGY CONSERVATION MEASURES 2-29 2.16.1 Power Factor Improvement 2-29 2.16.2 Energy Meters 2-29 Selection of High Voltage Equipment and 2.16.3 2-29 Transmission Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad xiii
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CHAPTER TITLE PAGE NO. NO. 2.16.4 Selection and Adjustment of Transformer loads 2-29 2.16.5 L.T. Motors 2-30 2.16.6 Illumination 2-30 2.16.7 Efficiency 2-30 2.16.8 General 2-30 2.17 Coal Evacuation From The Pit And Transportation 2-30 2.18 Manpower Requirement 2-31 2.19 Water Requirement 2-32 2.20 Township & other infrastructure requirement 2-33 2.21 Facilities for truck drivers at mine premises 2-33 2.22 Surface features and diversions / shifting involved 2-33 2.22.1 Rehabilitation and Resettlement 2-33 2.22.2 Diversion of Forest Land 2-33 2.22.3 Diversion of PWD Roads 2-33 2.22.4 Diversion of Rivers and Nallah 2-34 2.23 Diversion of HT/LT power lines 2-34 2.24 Dumping and reclamation 2-34 2.25 Description of pollution sources & mitigation measures 2-34 3 DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT- BASELINE DATA 3-1 to 3-68 3.1 Description Of Present Environmental Status 3-1 3.2 Study Period And Methodology 3-1 3.3 AIR ENVIRONMENT 3-4 3.3.1 Micro-Meteorology 3-4 Significance of meteorological studies in air quality 3.3.1.1 3-4 monitoring Summary of Micro-meteorological Data (01.03.2018 to 3.3.1.2 3-5 31.05.2018) 3.3.2 Ambient Air Quality 3-7 3.3.2.1 Monitoring and Analytical Procedure 3-7 3.3.2.2 Selection of the Sampling locations 3-7 3.3.2.3 Ambient Air Quality Data 3-9 3.3.2.4 Interpretation of Ambient Air Quality 3-10 3.3.2.5 Mineralogical Composition OF RPM 3-10 3.3.3 Characteristics of Coal 3-11 3.4 Noise Environment 3-12 3.5 Traffic density study 3-14 3.6 Water Environment 3-15 3.6.1 Surface Water Sampling Methodology 3-16 3.6.2 Ground Water Sampling Methodology 3-16
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CHAPTER TITLE PAGE NO. NO. 3.6.3 Summary of Surface Water Quality 3-27 3.6.4 Comparison with CPCB water quality criteria 3-27 3.6.5 Summary of Ground Water Quality 3-27 3.6.6 Effluent Quality 3-28 3.7 Hydrology 3-29 3.8 Land use / Land Cover Pattern 3-36 3.8.1 Land use Categories 3-37 3.9 Soil Quality 3-45 Baseline Status of Soil with respect to Conventional 3.9.1 3-45 Parameters 3.9.2 Physical Properties of Soil 3-48 3.9.3 Chemical Properties of Soil 3-48 3.9.4 Nutrient Status 3-49 3.10 Biological Environment 3-48 3.10.1 Floral Diversity 3-49 3.10.2 Results 3-50 Species exclusively distribution in Core and Buffer 3.10.3 3-50 Zones 3.10.4 Life form analysis 3-51 3.10.5 Dominant families in the study area 3-51 3.10.6 Quantitative assessment 3-51 3.10.7 Trees in the Core zone 3-52 3.10.8 Shrubs in the Core zone 3-52 3.10.9 Herbs in the Core zone 3-53 3.10.10 Trees in the Buffer zone 3-53 3.10.11 Shrubs in the Buffer zone 3-54 3.10.12 Herbs in the Buffer zone 3-54 3.10.13 Faunal Diversity 3-55 Status Of Fauna As Per Indian Wildlife Protection 3.10.14 3-55 Act, 1972 3.10.15 Threatened fauna recorded in the study area 3-56 3.11 Socio –economic Status 3-57 Demographic Profile Of The Study Area As Per 3.11.1 3-57 Census 2011 Data Socio-Economic Profile Of The Study Area (As Per 3.11.2 3-57 Field Survey) 3.11.3 Demographic Features 3-58 3.11.4 Living Conditions And Infrastructure Facilities 3-60 3.11.5 Quality of life 3-64 3.11.6 Project awareness 3-66
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CHAPTER TITLE PAGE NO. NO. Focused Group Discussion and Need Based 3.11.7 3-66 Assessment ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION 4 4-1 to 4-67 MEASURES 4.1. Impact identification 4-1 4.1.1. Impact identification during pre-operational phase 4-1 4.1.2. Impact identification during Operational Phase 4-1 4.1.3. Impact identification during post-operational phase 4-1 4.2. Prediction of impacts 4-1 4.2.1. Impact on air environment 4-1 4.2.2. `Air Quality Modeling 4-10 4.2.3. Results and Conclusion 4-10 4.3. Impact on Noise levels 4-18 4.3.1 Impact on Ground Due to Blast Vibrations 4-18 4.4. Impact due to Coal transportation 4-21 4.4.1 Impact Due to traffic Volumes 4-22 4.4.2 Impact on Air Quality 4-23 4.4.3 Impact on noise levels 4-23 4.5. Impact on topography 4-23 4.6. Impact on water environment 4-24 4.6.1 Impact on Surface drainage 4-24 4.6.2 Effect of drainage diversion/removal 4-24 4.6.3 Impact on ground water regime 4-24 4.6.4 Aquifer Performance Test 4-24 4.6.5 Groundwater resource estimation (GEC-2015) 4-24 4.6.6 Inflow of water into the proposed project 4-29 4.6.7 Radius of influence (RoI) 4-30 4.7. Impact on land environment 4-31 4.8. Impact of mining on regional climate 4-32 4.9. Impact on soil quality 4-32 4.10. Impact on socio-economic environment 4-32 4.11. Impact on Flora & Fauna 4-32 4.12. Evaluation of impacts 4-33 4.12.1 The Rapid Impact Assessment Method (RIAM) 4-33 4.12.2 Environmental Components 4-34 4.12.3 RIAM Analysis 4-35 4.12.4 Conclusions 4-39 4.13. Measures for Minimizing the Impacts 4-39 4.13.1 Impact Mitigation during operation phase 4-39
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CHAPTER TITLE PAGE NO. NO. 4.14. Measures for control of Air Pollution 4-39 4.15. Measures for control of Noise Levels 4-40 4.15.1 Ground vibrations 4-40 4.15.2 Fly Rock 4-41 4.16. Measures for control of Water Pollution 4-41 4.17. Water requirement and wastewater generation 4-42 4.17.1 Domestic Sewage & Workshop Effluents 4-43 4.17.2 Rain water harvesting measures 4-43 4.18. Solid waste management 4-44 4.18.1 Location of Dump Yards 4-44 4.18.2 External Dump Yard 4-45 4.18.3 Internal Dump Yard 4-45 4.18.4 Top Soil Storage Yard 4-45 4.18.5 Stage-Wise OB Management 4-45 4.18.6 Final Void 4-47 4.19. Measures for minimizing the Impacts on Land environment 4-47 4.20. Measures for reduction of Impacts on Forest Land 4-47 4.21. Action plan for reclamation 4-47 4.22. Land Reclamation 4-47 4.23. Hazardous Waste Management 4-49 4.24. Mine closure Plan 4-49 4.2 4.1 Pre Mining Land Use and Current status of the Site 4-49 4.24 .2 Post-Closure land Use Plan 4-50 4.24 .3 Green belt development 4-54 4.25. Measures for minimizing the Socio-Economic Impacts 4-56 4.26. Impact due to Coal washery 4-59 Impact and mitigation measure during construction 4.2 6.1 4-59 phase 4 .26.1.1. Impact on land use & Topography 4-59 4 .26.1.2. Impact on soil 4-59 4 .26.1.3. Impact on Air quality 4-59 4 .26.1.4. Impact on Water Resources and Quality 4-61 4 .26.1.5. Impact on noise levels 4-61 4 .26.1.6. Impact on Ecology 4-61 Demography and socio-economic: impacts & 4 .26.1.7. 4-61 Mitigation Impact & Mitigation due to Storage of Hazardous 4 .26.1.8. 4-62 Material Impacts and mitigation measures during operational 4.2 6.2 4-62 phase 4.26.2.1 Impact on Land use & Topography 4-62 4.26.2.2 Air Environment 4-62 Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad xvii
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CHAPTER TITLE PAGE NO. NO. 4.26.2.3 Noise Environment 4-64 4.26.2.4 Water Environment 4-64 4.26.2.5 Solid waste management 4-65 4.26.2.6 Green Belt Development 4-66 4.26.2.7 Socio-economic Environment 4-67 5 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES (SITE & TECHNOLOGY) 5-1 to 5-2 5.1 Alternate Site Locations 5-1 5.2 Alternative Mining Method 5-1 5.3 Technology Options 5-1 5.4 Continuous mining technology 5-1 5.5 Discontinuous mining technology 5-1 5.6 Coal Washery Technology 5-2 6 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME 6-1 to 6-12 6.1 Scope of Environmental Monitoring Programme 6-1 6.2 Methodology of Monitoring Mechanism 6-2 6.3 Post Project Monitoring Plan 6-2 6.3.1 Air Quality Monitoring 6-2 6.3.2 Water Quality Monitoring 6-5 6.3.3 Noise Level Monitoring 6-5 6.3.4 Blast Vibrations 6-6 6.3.5 Monitoring of phase wise reclamation programme 6-7 6.3.6 Monitoring of Emergency Procedures 6-8 6.3.7 Occupational health surveillance in SCCL 6-8 6.3.7.1 Description of Occupational Health Surveillance 6-8 6.3.7.2 Classification of Chest Radiographs 6-8 6.3.7.3 Training of Medical Officers 6-8 6.3.7.4 Occupational Disease Board 6-8 6.3.7.5 Guidelines for Detection of Occupational Disease 6-9 6.3.8 Monitoring of Mine Closure Plan 6-9 6.4 Reporting Schedules of Monitored Data 6-9 6.4.1 Slope Stability 6-9 6.4.2 Soil Erosion 6-9 6.4.3 Drains and Sumps 6-9 6.4.4 Blasting Effects 6-10 6.5 Environmental Monitoring Programme for Coal washery 6-10 Institutional Arrangement for Environment 6.5.1 6-11 Protection and conservation 6.5.2 Capital Requirement for Coal Washery 6-11
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7 ADDITIONAL STUDIES 7-1 to 7-20 7.1 Rehabilitation and Resettlement Plan 7-1 7.2 SAFETY MANAGEMENT PLAN 7-1 7.2.1 Risk Assessment and Management 7-2 7.2.1.1 Risk Assessment 7-3 7.2.1.2 Risk Management 7-5 7.2.1.3 Probable Risks associated and Measures to be 7-6 taken 7.2.2 DISASTER MANAGEMENT 7-11 7.2.2.1 Preparedness for Disasters 7-11 7.2.2.2 Disaster Management Plan (Mitigative Measures) 7-12 Risk Assessment and Disaster Preparedness and 7.3 7-13 Management Plan of Coal Washery 7.3.1 Risk Management Plan for Coal Washery 7-13 7.3.1.1 Probable hazards 7-13 7.3.1.2 Precautions to be taken 7.13 7.4 Disaster Management Plan For Coal Washery 7-14 Objectives of Disaster Management Plan 7.4.1 7-14 (DMP) 7.4.2 Emergencies 7-14 7.4.2.1 Emergency organization Cell 7-14 7.4.2.2 Emergency Communication 7-15 Emergency Control Center 7.4.2.3 7-15 (ECC) 7.4.2.4 Assembly Point 7-15 7.4.2.5 Emergency Power Supply 7-16 7.4.2.6 Fire Fighting Facilities 7-16 7.4.2.7 Ambulance 7-16 7.4.2.8 All Clear Signal 7-16 7.4.3 Occupational Health and Safety 7-16 Issues raised in the public consultation along with action plan 7.5 7-17 and commitment of the project proponent 8 PROJECT BENEFITS 8-1 to 8-2 8.1 Improvement in Physical Infrastructure 8-1 8.2 Improvement in Social Infrastructure 8-1 8.3 Trade And Commerce 8-1 8.4 Other Tangible Benefits 8-2 8.5 Coal Washery Benefits 8-2 9 ENVIRONMENT COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS 9-1 10-1 to 10- 10 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 14 10.0 Introduction 10-1
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Anticipated potential impacts & suggested mitigation 10.1 10-1 measures Summary of Anticipated impacts & mitigation 10.1.1 10-1 measures Summary of Anticipated Impacts & Mitigate 10.1.2 10-7 measures at Coal Washery 10.2 EMP IMPLEMENTATION, INSPECTION AND MONITORING 10-9 10.3 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE (EMC) 10-10 Hierarchical system of the company to deal with 10.3.1 environmental ensuring compliance with EC 10-13 conditions System of reporting non-compliances / violations of 10.3.2 environment the Board of Directors and / or 10-13 Shareholders or Stakeholders Estimation of the Capital and Recurring Expenditure towards 10.4 10-13 Environment Protection 10.5 Cost of EMP (capital and recurring) for Coal Washery 10-15 10.6 Plan for Compliance of the Regulatory Requirement 10-15 11-1 TO 11- 11 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 17 11.1. Introduction 11-1 11.2. Description of the project 11-1 11.2.1. Location of the project 11-2 11.2.2. Land Requirement of the Project 11-2 11.2.3. Size of the Project 11-2 11.2.4. Description of Opencast mining Operations 11-3 11.3. Description of Environment 11-5 11.3.1. Physical Resources 11-5 11.3.2. Drainage 11-5 11.3.3. Meteorology 11-5 11.3.4. Air Environment 11-5 11.3.5. Mineralogical Composition 11-6 11.3.6. Noise Levels 11-6 11.3.7. Water Quality 11-6 11.3.8. Land use & Land cover 11-7 11.3.9. Soil Quality 11-7 11.3.10. Biological Environment 11-8 11.3.11. Socio-Economic Environment 11-8 11.4. Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures 11-9 11.4.1. Air Quality 11-9 Impact on Air quality & Mitigation measures in coal 11.4.2. 11-9 washery 11.4.3. Noise levels and ground vibrations 11-10 11.4.4. Impact due to Ground Vibrations 11-10
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Impact on Noise environment & Mitigation measures 11.4.5. 11-10 due to coal washery 11.4.6. Impact on Water Environment 11-11 Impact on Water environment & Mitigation measures 11.4.7. 11-12 due to coal washer 11.4.8. Impact on Land and its Management 11-12 11.4.9. Impact on land due to coal washery 11-12 11.4.10. Soil Environment 11-13 11.4.11. Solid Waste and its Management 11-13 11.4.12. Location of Dump Yards 11-13 11.4.13. Final Void 11-14 11.4.14. Solid waste generation due to coal washery 11-14 11.4.15. Impact on Flora & Fauna 11-14 11.4.16. Impact on Flora Fauna due to coal wahsery 11-14 11.4.17. Impact on Socio Economic Environment 11-14 11.5. Alternatives 11-15 11.6. Environmental Monitoring Programme 11-15 11.7. Additional Studies 11-15 11.7.1 Rehabilitation and Resettlement Plan 11-15 11.7.2 Risk assessment and Disaster Management Plan 11-15 11.7.3 Risk Management Plan for Coal Washery 11-16 11.8. Project Benefits 11-16 11.8.1 Project Benefits due to coal washery 11-16 11.9. Environment Management Plan 11-17 Fund Provision for Environment Protection and 11.9.1 11-17 Management Cost of EMP (capital and recurring) for Coal 11.9.2 11-17 Washery 11.9.3 Mine Closure Plan 11-17 11.10. Conclusion 11-17 12 Disclosure of Consultant 12-1 to 12-4 12.1 Environment Protection Training & Research Institute (EPTRI) 12-1 12.2 EPTRI Is Recognized By The Respective Authorities 12-1 12.3 Consultancy Services 12-1 12.4 NABET Accredited EIA Consultant Organization 12-2 EPTRI Laboratory has received recognitions and 12.5 12.-2 accreditations 12.6 Laboratory services 12-2 12.7 Instruments 12-3 12.8 Experts involved in preparation EIA / EMP 12-3
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LIST OF TABLES TABLE NO. DESCRIPTION PAGE NO. 1.1 Environmental Regulations 1-8 2.1 Details of Environmental Setting 2-2 2.2 Stratigraphic Succession of Sathupalli- Chintalapudi Coal belt 2-7 2.3 Stratigraphic sequence in Sattupalli Block-I 2-8 2.4 Stratigraphic sequence in Sattupalli Block-II 2-8 2.5 Sequence of coal seams of barakar formation in Sathupalli –II block 2-9 2.6 Sequence of coal seams of Kamthi formation 2-9 2.7 Details of Faults (Block-I) 2-10 2.8 Details of Faults (Block-II) 2-11 2.9 Quality of Seams in Proposed JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion) 2-12 2.10 Land use details of the project including washery 2-28 2.10A Coal Washery Land details 2-29 3.1 Scope of Baseline Data Generation 3-1 3.2 Summary of Monthly Micro Metrological data 3-6 3.3 Summary of micro met data for entire study period 3-6 3.4 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations 3-8 3.5 Summary of Ambient Air Quality data summer (March to May) 2018. 3-9 3.6 Summary of mineralogical composition of RPM 3-11 3.7 Characteristics of Coal 3-12 3.8 Noise level Monitoring location 3-12 3.9 Ambient air quality standard in respect of noise 3-13 3.10 Summary of Noise level data 3-13 3.11 Traffic Density Study 3-14 3.12 Vehicular traffic Study (Working day) 3-14 3.13 Vehicular traffic Study (Non Working day) 3-15 3.14 Surface water sampling locations 3-18 3.15 Ground water sampling locations 3-18 Physico-Chemical and Bacteriological Characteristics of Surface Water 3.16 3-19 at Selected Locations in the Study Area Physico-Chemical and Bacteriological Characteristics of Ground Water at 3.17 3-21 Selected Locations in the Study Area Effluents Quality (As per part-A of general standards for discharge of 3.18 3-24 environmental pollutants Part –A: Effluents (GSR 801) (E)) 3.19 Attitude of phreatic surface in the buffer zone area 3-29 3.20 Attitude of piezometric surface around JVR OCP I&II 3-31 3.21 Land use and land cover statistics of Core Zone 3-38 3.22 Land use and land cover statistics of 10 Km buffer area 3-38 3.23 Methods for Analysis of Soil Samples 3-45 3.24 List of Soil Sampling Locations 3-46
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TABLE NO. DESCRIPTION PAGE NO. 3.25 Standard Soil Classification 3-46 3.26 Textural Class of Soil 3-46 3.27 Physical Characteristics of Soil 3-47 3.28 Chemical Characteristics of Soil Extract 3-47 3.29 Exchangeable Cations of Soil 3-47 3.30 Fertility Status of Soils in Study Area 3-47 3.31 Trace Metals Content in Soil 3-47 3.32 Habitat distribution 3-51 3.33 Dominant Families in the study area 3-51 3.34 Most dominant tree species in the Core zone 3-52 3.35 Most dominant shrub species in the Core zone 3-53 3.36 Most dominant herb species in the Core zone 3-53 3.37 Most dominant tree species in the Buffer zone 3-54 3.38 Most dominant shrub species in the Buffer zone 3-54 3.39 Most dominant herb species in the Buffer zone 3-54 3.40 Threatened flora recorded in the study area 3-55 3.41 Faunal composition in the Buffer area of the study area 3-56 3.42 Threatened fauna recorded in the study area 3.-56 3.43 Socio-Economic Profile of the Study Area 3-57 3.44 Age-wise Distribution 3-58 3.45 Educational Profile 3-60 3.46 Occupational Status 3-62 3.47 Parameters used for the computation of the Quality of Life Index 3-65 3.48 Average QOL 3-65 4.1. Impact during operational phase 4-1 Emission of Particulate Matter (PM ) for Peak Production capacities 4.2. 10 4-9 from different mining activities
4.3. Total concentrations of PM10 with control at Baseline AAQ Stations 4-11
4.4. Total concentrations of PM2.5 with control at Baseline AAQ Stations 4-13
Total concentrations of SO2 with control at Baseline AAQ Stations 4.5. 4-15 (Receptors) Total concentrations of NO2 with control at Baseline AAQ Stations 4.6. 4-15 (Receptors) 4.7. Noise Levels at Opencast Mine 4-18 The peak particle velocity (ppv) at the foundation level of structures in 4.8. 4-18 mining areas in mm/s 4.9. Long term Ground Water level trends in the buffer zone 4-26 4.10. Summary of Ground Water Resources 4-27 4.11. Assessment Criteria for Rapid Impact Assessment Method 4-34 4.12. Conversion of Environmental Scores to Range Bands 4-35
Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad xxiii
E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I & II Expansion)
TABLE NO. DESCRIPTION PAGE NO. 4.13. RIAM Analysis Matrix and Summary (option: 1) 4-36 4.14. RIAM Analysis Matrix and Summary (option: 2) 4-38 4.15. Cumulative OB management in M.Cum 4-46 4.16. Top soil placement (in M.Cum) (cumulative) 4-46 4.17. Technical Reclamation (Cumulative values in ha.) 4-48 4.18. Biological Reclamation (Cumulative values in ha.) 4-48 4.19. Pre mining land use pattern of project area 4-50 4.20. Post Closure land use pattern (ha) 4-50 4.21 & Stage-wise progressive plantation details 4-52 4.21A 4.22 CSR and SHAPE Expenditure Sathupalli Area 4-57 4.23 CSR and SHAPE Expenditure Sathupalli Area (during last five years) 4-58 6.1. Coal Mines Standards vide GSR 742 (E), Dated 25.09.2000 6-3 6.2. National Ambient Air Quality Standards vide GSR 826 (E), Dt.18.11.09 6-4 6.3. Ambient Air Quality Standards in respect of Noise 6-6 6.4. The ppv at the foundation level of structures in mining areas in mm/s 6-7 6.5. Monitoring Schedule for Environmental Parameters 6-10 7.1 PAFs/PDFs Details of JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion) 7-1 Issues raised during public hearing along with action plan and monetary 7.2 7-18 provisions 10.1. Summary of anticipated impacts and mitigative measures 10-1 Estimated Capital Expenditure towards Pollution control measures- 10.2. 10-13 Direct Cost Phasing of Capital Expenditure towards Pollution Control Measures 10.3. 10-13 -Indirect Cost 10.4. Revenue Provision for Environmental Safeguards per Annum 10-13 10.5. Cost of EMP (capital and recurring) for Coal Washery 10-14
Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad xxiv
E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I & II Expansion)
LIST OF FIGURES FIG. NO. DESCRIPTION PAGE NO. 1.1 Location Plan IA 2.1 Key Plan I 2.2 Topo plan showing surface features within 10 km radius of the project II 2.2A Surface Contour Plan III 2.2B Topo plan showing surface features within 25 km radius of the project IIIA 2.3 Drainage map of 10 km radius IV 2.4 Geological Plan V 2.5 Geological cross section Plan VI 2.6 D1 Seam VII 2.7 D2 Seam VIII 2.8 D3 Seam IX 2.9 C1 Seam X 2.10 C2 Seam XI 2.11 C3 Seam XII 2.12 C4 Seam XIII 2.13 C5 Seam XIV 2.14 C6 Seam XV 2.15 C7 Seam XVI 2.16 B1 Seam XVII 2.17 B2 Seam XVIII 2.18 B3 Seam XIX 2.19 B4 Seam XX 2.20 B5 Seam XXI 2.21 B6 Seam XXII 2.22 B7 Seam XXIII 2.23 Index seam XXIV 2.24 Index-1 seam XXV 2.25 A Seam XXVI 2.26 Pre-mining land use plan XXVII 2.27 Proposed land requirement Plan XXVIII 2.27A Land use during mining XXIX 2.28 Coal washery Layout XXX 2.29 CHP arrangement XXXI 2.30 Coal transport system XXXII 2.31 Plan showing diversion of Sathupalli-Vemsur PWD Road XXXIII 2.32 NTR Canal diversion XXXIV
Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad xxv
E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I & II Expansion)
FIG. NO. DESCRIPTION PAGE NO. 3.1 Map showing Ambient Air quality monitoring locations XXXV 3.2 Map showing Noise level monitoring locations XXXVI 3.3 Map showing Water quality monitoring locations XXXVII 3.4 Map showing soil quality monitoring locations XXXVIII 3.5 Monthly and Seasonal Windrose diagrams 3-5 3.6 Graphical presentation of Total Alkalinity Concentrations 3-28 3.7 Graphical presentation of Iron Concentrations 3-28 3.7A Graphical presentation of Nitrate Concentrations 3.28 3.8 Hydrographs of Phreatic Wells 3-30 3.9 Hydrographs of Piezometric Wells 3-32 3.10 Depth to water level (Pre monsoon 2018) 3-34 3.11 Depth to water level (Post monsoon 2018) 3-35 3.12 Methodology of the LU / LC mapping 3.37 3.13 Satellite Imagery in the core area 3-40 3.14 Satellite Imagery in the Study area (Kharif season) 3-41 3.15 Satellite Imagery in the Study area (Rabi season) 3-42 3.16 LULC map in the Study area 3-43 3.17 LULC map in the Core area 3-44 3.18 Quality of Life 3-66
4.1. Predicted GLCs of PM10 with control at the BLD Stations 4-12
4.2. Predicted GLCs of PM2.5 with control at the BLD Stations 4-14
4.3. Predicted GLCs of SO2 with control at the BLD stations 4-16 4.4. Predicted GLCs of NOx with control at the BLD stations 4-17 Google map showing existing road network from JVR OC mine (I&II 4-22 4.4A Expansion) to RCHP 4.4B Flow diagram of Hydrologic system in natural conditions 4-28 4.5. Stage-wise plan at the end of 1st year XXXIX 4.6. Stage-wise plan at the end of 2nd year XL 4.7. Stage-wise plan at the end of 3rd year XLI 4.8. Stage-wise plan at the end of 4th year XLII 4.9. Stage-wise plan at the end of 5th year XLIII th 4.10. Stage-wise plan at the end of 10 year XLIV th 4.11. Stage-wise plan at the end of 15 year XLV th 4.12. Stage-wise plan at the end of 20 Year XLVI th 4.13. Stage-wise plan at the end of 25 Year XLVII 4.14. Final stage plan XLVIII 4.15. Mine closure plan XLIX 6.1 Organization Structure of Environment Management for Coal washery 6-11 7.1 Disaster Management Plan chart L Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad xxvi
E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I & II Expansion)
LIST OF ANNEXURE Annexure No. Name Page no. 1A Mining Lease A- 1.1-9 1B Mining plan and Mine Closure Plan (10 MTPA) A-1.10 1C Terms of Reference (ToR) A-1.11- 21- 2A Environmental clearance (EC) A-2.1-11 2B Consent To Establish (CFE) A-2.12-23 2C Consent For Operation (CFO) A-2.24-37 2D Ground Water Clearance A-2.38-39 2E DGMS permissions A-2.40-53 2F Coal controller permission A-2-54-56 2G Magazine permission A-2-57-58 2H Certified Compliance Report A-2.59-78 2I Forest clearance A-2-79-88 2J Control Blasting permission A-2-89-90 3A Ambient Air quality data A-3-1-10 3B Ambient Noise level data A-3-11-16 3C Species list of JVR OCP-I, Sathupalli A-3-17-23 3D Check list of Mammals recorded in the Study area A-3-24 3E Check list of Birds recorded in the Study area A-3-25-27 3F Check list of Herpeto fauna recorded in the Study Area A-3-28 3G Check list of Invertebrates recorded in the Study Area A-3-29 3H List of Fishes recorded in the study area A-3-30 3I Field survey, Flora and Fauna photographs at JVR OC-I Project A-3-31-37 Core & Buffer zones 3J Census Data A-3-38-39 3K Demographic profile of the study area A-3-40 3L Sathupalli Area Hospital Health Data A-3-41 3M Socio economic survey Photos A-3-42 3N Method used for the assessment of Quality of Life Index A-3-43-44 4A Traffic Impact Assessment Report A-4-1-25 4B1 Wildlife Conservation Plan for FL Diversion A-4-26-28 4B2 Wild Life Conservation Plan for Schedule-I Species. A-4-29-57 7A PH Notification published in newspapers A-7-1-2 7B Minutes of Public Hearing A-7-3-11 7C Reply of project proponent for PH minutes A-7-12-21 7D Statement of written representations A-7-22-64 10A Environmental Policy of SCCL A-10-1-2
Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad xxvii
E P T R I STANDARD TERMS OF REFERENCE (TOR) FOR EIA/EMP REPORT FOR
PROJECTS/ACTIVITIES REQUIRING ENVIRONMENT CLEARANCE
1(a):STANDARD TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR CONDUCTING ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDY FOR COAL MINING PROJECTS AND INFORMATION TO BE INCLUDED IN EIA/ EMP REPORT
A. STANDARD TOR FOR AN OPENCAST COAL MINING PROJECT
1) An EIA-EMP Report shall be prepared for...... MTPA rated capacity in an ML/project area of.....ha based on the generic structure specified in Appendix III of the EIA Notification, 2006.
2) An EIA-EMP Report would be prepared for..... MTPA rated capacity to cover the impacts and management plan for the project specific activities on the environment of the region, and the environmental quality encompassing air, water, land, biotic community, etc. through collection of data and information, generation of data on impacts including prediction modeling for..... MTPA of coal production based on approved project/Mining Plan for.....MTPA. Baseline data collection can be for any season except monsoon.
3) A map specifying locations of the State, District and Project location should be provided.
4) A Study area map of the core zone and 10 km area of the buffer zone (1: 50,000 scale) clearly delineating the major topographical features such as the land use, surface drainage pattern including rivers/streams/nullahs/canals, locations of human habitations, major constructions including railways, roads, pipelines, major industries/mines and other polluting sources. In case of ecologically sensitive areas such as Biosphere Reserves/National Parks/WL Sanctuaries/ Elephant Reserves, forests (Reserved/Protected), migratory corridors of fauna, and areas where endangered fauna and plants of medicinal and economic importance found in the 15 km study area should be given.
5) Land use map (1: 50,000 scale) based on a recent satellite imagery of the study area may also be provided with explanatory note on the land use.
6) Map showing the core zone delineating the agricultural land (irrigated and un-irrigated, uncultivable land as defined in the revenue records, forest areas (as per records), along with other physical features such as water bodies, etc should be furnished.
7) A contour map showing the area drainage of the core zone and 25 km of the study area (where the water courses of the core zone ultimately join the major rivers/streams outside the lease/project area) should also be clearly indicated in the separate map.
8) A detailed Site plan of the mine showing the proposed break-up of the land for mining operations such as the quarry area, OB dumps, green belt, safety zone, buildings, infrastructure, CHP, ETP, Stockyard, township/colony (within and adjacent to the ML), undisturbed area -if any, and landscape features such as existing roads, drains/natural water bodies to be left undisturbed along with any natural drainage adjoining the lease /project areas, and modification of thereof in terms of construction of embankments/bunds, proposed diversion/re-channelling of the water courses, etc., approach roads, major haul roads, etc should be indicated.
1 STANDARD TERMS OF REFERENCE (TOR) FOR EIA/EMP REPORT FOR PROJECTS/ACTIVITIES REQUIRING ENVIRONMENT CLEARANCE
9) In case of any proposed diversion of nallah/canal/river, the proposed route of diversion /modification of drainage and their realignment, construction of embankment etc. should also be shown on the map as per the approval of Irrigation and flood control Department of the concerned state.
10) Similarly if the project involves diversion of any road/railway line passing through the ML/project area, the proposed route of diversion and its realignment should be shown in the map.
11) Break up of lease/project area as per different land uses and their stage of acquisition should be provided.
LANDUSE DETAILS FOR OPENCAST PROJECT should be given as per the following table:
S.N. LANDUSE Within ML Area (ha) Outside ML Area (ha) TOTAL 1. Agricultural land
2. Forest land
3. Wasteland
4. Grazing land
5. Surface water bodies
6. Settlements
7. Others (specify)
TOTAL
12) Break-up of lease/project area as per mining operations should be provided. 13) Impact of changes in the land use due to the project, if much of the land being acquired is predominantly agricultural land/forestland/grazing land. 14) One-season (non-monsoon) primary baseline data on environmental quality - air (PM10, PM2.5, SOx, NOx and heavy metals such as Hg, Pb, Cr, As, etc), noise, water (surface and groundwater), soil - along with one-season met data coinciding with the same season for AAQ collection period should be provided. 15) Map of the study area (1: 50, 000 scale) (core and buffer zone clearly delineating the location of various sampling stations superimposed with location of habitats, other industries/mines, polluting sources should be provided. The number and location of the stations in both core and buffer zones should be selected on the basis of size of lease/project area, the proposed impacts in the downwind (air)/downstream (surface water)/groundwater regime (based on flow). One station should be in the upwind/upstream/non-impact/non-polluting area as a control station. The monitoring should be as per CPCB guidelines and parameters for water testing for both ground water and surface water as per ISI standards and CPCB classification wherever applicable. Values should be provided based on desirable limits.
21 STANDARD TERMS OF REFERENCE (TOR) FOR EIA/EMP REPORT FOR
PROJECTS/ACTIVITIES REQUIRING ENVIRONMENT CLEARANCE
16) Study on the existing flora and fauna in the study area (10km) should be carried out by an institution of relevant discipline. The list of flora and fauna duly authenticated separately for the core and study area and a statement clearly specifying whether the study area forms a part of the migratory corridor of any endangered fauna should be given. If the study area has endangered flora and fauna, or if the area is occasionally visited or used as a habitat by Schedule-I fauna, or if the project falls within 15 km of an ecologically sensitive area, or used as a migratory corridor then a Comprehensive Conservation Plan should be prepared and submitted with EIA-EMP Report; and comments from the CWLW of the State Govt. should also be obtained and furnished.
17) Details of mineral reserves, geological status of the study area and the seams to be worked, ultimate working depth and progressive stage-wise working scheme until the end of mine life should be provided on the basis of the approved rated capacity and calendar plans of production from the approved Mining Plan. Geological maps and sections should be included. The Progressive mine development and Conceptual Final Mine Closure Plan should also be shown in figures.
18) Details of mining methods, technology, equipment to be used, etc., rationale for selection of specified technology and equipment proposed to be used vis-à-vis the potential impacts should be provided.
19) Impact of mining on hydrology, modification of natural drainage, diversion and channeling of the existing rivers/water courses flowing though the ML and adjoining the lease/project and the impact on the existing users and impacts of mining operations thereon.
20) Detailed water balance should be provided. The break-up of water requirement for the various mine operations should be given separately.
21) Source of water for use in mine, sanction of the competent authority in the State Govt. and impacts vis-à-vis the competing users should be given.
22) Impact of mining and water abstraction use in mine on the hydrogeology and groundwater regime within the core zone and 10 km buffer zone including long-term monitoring measures should be provided. Details of rainwater harvesting and measures for recharge of groundwater should be reflected in case there is a declining trend of groundwater availability and/or if the area falls within dark/grey zone.
23) Impact of blasting, noise and vibrations should be given.
24) Impacts of mining on the AAQ and predictions based on modeling using the ISCST-3 (Revised) or latest model should be provided.
25) Impacts of mineral transportation within the mining area and outside the lease/project along with flow-chart indicating the specific areas generating fugitive emissions should be provided. Impacts of transportation, handling, transfer of mineral and waste on air quality, generation of effluents from workshop, management plan for maintenance of HEMM, machinery, equipment should be given. Details of various facilities such as rest areas and canteen for workers and effluents/pollution load emanating. from these activities should also be provided.
26) Effort be made to reduce/eliminate road transport of coal inside and outside mine and for mechanized loading of coal through CHP/ Silo entirely wagons and into trucks/tippers.
3 STANDARD TERMS OF REFERENCE (TOR) FOR EIA/EMP REPORT FOR
PROJECTS/ACTIVITIES REQUIRING ENVIRONMENT CLEARANCE
27) Details of waste OB and topsoil generated as per the approved calendar programme, and their management shown in figures as well explanatory notes tables giving progressive development and mine closure plan, green belt development, backfilling programme and conceptual post mining land use should be given. OB dump heights and terracing based on slope stability studies with a max of 28o angle as the ultimate slope should be given. Sections of final dumps (both longitudinal and cross section) with relation to the adjacent area should be shown. 28) Efforts be made for maximising progressive internal dumping of O.B., sequential mining , external dump on coal bearing area and later rehandling into the mine void.--to reduce land degradation. 29) Impact of change in land use from mining operations and wether the land can be restored to agriculture use post mining. 30) Progressive Green belt and ecological restoration /afforestation plan (both in text, figures and in the tabular form as per the format of MOEF given below) and selection of species (native) based on original survey/landuse should be given. Table 1: Stage-wise Landuse and Reclamation Area (ha)
S.No. Land use Category Present 5th Year 10th 20th year 24th Year (1st Year) Year (end of Mine life)*
1. Backfilled Area(Reclaimed with plantation) 2. Excavated Area (not reclaimed)/
void 3. External OB dump Reclaimed with plantation) 4. Reclaimed Top soil dump 5. Green Built Area
6. Undisturbed area (brought under plantation)
7. Roads (avenue plantation) 8. Area around buildings and
Infrastructure
TOTAL 110* 110* 110* 110* 110* * As a representative example
4 STANDARD TERMS OF REFERENCE (TOR) FOR EIA/EMP REPORT FOR
PROJECTS/ACTIVITIES REQUIRING ENVIRONMENT CLEARANCE
Table 2: Stage-wise Cumulative Plantation
S.N. YEAR* Green Belt External Backfilled Others Total Dump Area (Undisturbed Area/etc.) Area No. of Area No. of Area No. of Area No. of Area No. of (ha) trees (ha) trees (ha) trees (ha) trees (ha) trees 1. 1st year 2. 3rd year 3. 5th year 4. 10th year 5. 15th year 6. 20th year 7. 25th year 8. 30th year 9. 34th year (end of mine life) 10. 34-37th Year (Post-mining) * As a representative example
31) Conceptual Final Mine Closure Plan and post mining land use and restoration of land/habitat to the status pre- mining should be provided. A Plan for the ecological restoration of the mined out area and post mining land use should be prepared with detailed cost provisions. Impact and management of wastes and issues of rehandling (wherever applicable) and backfilling and progressive mine closure and reclamation should be detailed.
Table 3: Post-Mining Landuse Pattern of ML/Project Area (ha)
S.N. Land use during Land Use (ha) Mining 1. External OB Dump Plantation Water Public Use Undisturbed TOTAL Body 2. Top soil Dump 3. Excavation 4. Roads 4. Built up area 5. Green Belt 6. Undisturbed Area TOTAL 110
5 STANDARD TERMS OF REFERENCE (TOR) FOR EIA/EMP REPORT FOR
PROJECTS/ACTIVITIES REQUIRING ENVIRONMENT CLEARANCE
32) Flow chart of water balance should be provided. Treatment of effluents from workshop, township, domestic wastewater, mine water discharge, etc. should be provided. Details of STP in colony and ETP in mine should be given. Recycling of water to the max. possible extent should be accorded?.
33) Occupational health issues. Baseline data on the health of the population in the impact zone and measures for occupational health and safety of the personnel and manpower in the mine should be given.
34) Risk Assessment and Disaster Preparedness and Management Plan should be provided.
35) Integration of the Env. Management Plan with measures for minimising use of natural resources - water, land, energy, etc. should be carried out.
36) Cost of EMP (capital and recurring) should be included in the project cost and for progressive and final mine closure plan.
37) Details of R&R. Detailed project specific R&R Plan with data on the existing socio-economic status of the population (including tribals, SC/ST, BPL families) found in the study area and broad plan for resettlement of the displaced population, site for the resettlement colony, alternate livelihood concerns/employment for the displaced people, civic and housing amenities being offered, etc and costs along with the schedule of the implementation of the R&R Plan should be given.
38) CSR Plan along with details of villages and specific budgetary provisions (capital and recurring) for specific activities over the life of the project should be given.
39) Corporate Environment Responsibility:
a) The Company must have a well laid down Environment Policy approved by the Board of Directors.
b) The Environment Policy must prescribe for standard operating process/procedures to bring into focus any infringements/deviation/violation of the environmental or forest norms/conditions.
c) The hierarchical system or Administrative Order of the company to deal with environmental issues and for ensuring compliance with the environmental clearance conditions must be furnished.
d) To have proper checks and balances, the company should have a well laid down system of reporting of non-compliances/violations of environmental norms to the Board of Directors of the company and/or shareholders or stakeholders at large.
40) Details on Public Hearing should cover the information relating to notices issued in the newspaper, proceedings/minutes of public hearing, the points raised by the general public and commitments made by the proponent and the action proposed with budgets in suitable time frame. These details should be presented in a tabular form. If the Public Hearing is in the regional language, an authenticated English Translation of the same should be provided.
6 STANDARD TERMS OF REFERENCE (TOR) FOR EIA/EMP REPORT FOR
PROJECTS/ACTIVITIES REQUIRING ENVIRONMENT CLEARANCE
41) In built mechanism of self-monitoring of compliance of environmental regulations should be indicated.
42) Status of any litigations/ court cases filed/pending on the project should be provided.
43) Submission of sample test analysis ofCharacteristics of coal: This should include details on grade of coal and other characteristics such as ash content, S and heavy metals including levels of Hg, As, Pb, Cr etc.
44) Copy of clearances/approvals such as Forestry clearances, Mining Plan Approval, mine closer plan approval. NOC from Flood and Irrigation Dept. (if req.), etc. wherever applicable.
FORESTRY CLEARANCE:
Details on the Forest Clearance should be given as per the format given:
TOTAL TOTAL Date of FC Extent of Balance area for Status of ML/PROJECT FOREST- forestland which FC is yet to appl. for AREA (ha) LAND be obtained diversion of (ha) Forestland If more than one, provide details of each FC
7 STANDARD TERMS OF REFERENCE (TOR) FOR EIA/EMP REPORT FOR PROJECTS/ ACTIVITIES REQUIRING ENVIRONMENT CLEARANCE
2(a):STANDARD TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR CONDUCTING ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDY FOR COAL WASHERIES PROJECTS AND INFORMATION TO BE INCLUDED IN EIA/EMP REPORT
1) Siting of washery is critical considering to its environmental impacts. Preference should be given to the site located at pit head; in case such a site is not available, the site should be as close to the pit head as possible and coal should be transported from mine to the washery preferably through closed conveyer belt to avoid air pollution. 2) The washery shall not be located in eco-sensitive zones areas. 3) The washery should have a closed system and zero discharge. The storm drainage should be treated in settling ponds before discharging into rivers/streams/water bodies. 4) A thick Green belt of about 50 m width should be developed surrounding the washery. 5) A brief description of the plant alongwith a layout, the specific technology used and the source of coal should be provided. 6) The EIA-EMP Repot should cover the impacts and management plan for the project of the capacity for which EC is sought and the impacts of specific activities, including the technology used and coal used, on the environment of the area (within 10km radius), and the environmental quality of air, water, land, biotic community, etc. through collection of data and information, generation of data on impacts for the rated capacity. Cumulative impacts for air and water should be a part of ElA in case coal mine, TPP and other washeries are located within 10km radius. The ElA should also include mitigative measures needed to minimize adverse environmental impacts. 7) A Study Area Map of the core zone as well as the 10km area of buffer zone showing major industries/ mines and other polluting sources should be submitted. These maps shall also indicate the migratory corridors of fauna, if any and areas of endangered fauna; plants of medicinal and economic importance; any ecologically sensitive areas within the 10 km buffer zone; the shortest distance from the National Park/WL Sanctuary Tiger Reserve, etc. alongwith the comments of the Chief Wildlife Warden of the State Government. 8) Data of one-season (non-monsoon) primary- base-line data on environmental quality of air (PM10, PM2.5, SOx and NOx, noise, water (surface and groundwater), soil be submitted. 9) The wet washery should generally utilize mine water only. In case mine water is not available, the option of storage of rain water and its use should be examined. Use of surface water and ground water should be avoided. 10) Detailed water balance should be provided. The break-up of water requirement as per different activities in the mining operations vis-a-vis washery should be given. If the source of water is from surface water and/or ground water, the same may be justified besides obtaining approval of the Competent Authority for its drawl. STANDARD TERMS OF REFERENCE (TOR) FOR EIA/EMP REPORT FOR PROJECTS/ACTIVITIES REQUIRING ENVIRONMENT CLEARANCE
11) The entire sequence of mineral production, transportation, handling, transfer and storage of mineral and waste, if any, and their impacts on air quality should be shown in a flow chart with specific points where fugitive emissions can arise and specific pollution control/mitigative measures proposed to be put in place. The washed coal and rejects should be transport by train as far as possible. Road transport of washed coal and rejects should generally be avoided. In case, the TPP is within 10km radius, it should be through conveyer belt. If transport by rail is not feasible because of the topography of the area, the option for transport by road be examined in detail and its impacts along with the mitigation measures should be clearly brought out in ElA/EMP report. 12) Details of various facilities proposed to be provided in terms of parking, rest areas, canteen etc.to the personnel involved in mineral transportation, workshop and effluents/pollution load from these activities should be provided. 13) Impacts of CHP, if any, on air and water quality should also be spelt out alongwith Action Plan. 14) O.M. no. J-llOI3/25/2014-IA.I dated 11th August, 2014 to be followed with regard to CSR activities. 15) Details of Public Hearing, Notice(s) issued in newspapers, proceedings/minutes of Public Hearing, points raised by the general public and response/commitments made by the proponent along with the Action Plan and budgetary provisions be submitted in tabular form. If the Public Hearing is in the regional language, an authenticated English translation of the same should be provided. Status of any litigations/ court cases filed/pending, if any, against the project should be mentioned in EIA. 16) Analysis of samples indicating the following be submitted: Characteristics of coal prior to washing (this includes grade of coal, other characteristics of ash, S and heavy levels of metals such as Hg, As, Pb, Cr etc). Characteristics and quantum of coal after washing. Characteristics and quantum of coal rejects. 17) Details of management/disposal/use of coal rejects should be provided. The rejects should be used in TPP located close to the washery as far as possible. If TPP is within a reasonable distance (10 km), transportation should be by conveyor belt. If it is far away, the transportation should be by rail as far as possible. 18) Copies of MOU/Agreement with linkages (for stand-alone washery) for the capacity for which EC is being sought should be submitted. 19) Corporate Environment Responsibility: a) The Company must have a well laid down Environment Policy approved by the Board of Directors. b) The Environment Policy must prescribe for standard operating process/procedures to bring into focus any infringements/deviation/violation of the environmental or forest norms/ conditions. c) The hierarchical system or Administrative Order of the company to deal with environmental STANDARD TERMS OF REFERENCE (TOR) FOR EIA/EMP REPORT FOR PROJECTS/ ACTIVITIES REQUIRING ENVIRONMENT CLEARANCE
issues and for ensuring compliance with the environmental clearance conditions must be furnished. d) To have proper checks and balances, the company should have a well laid down system of reporting of non-compliances/violations of environmental norms to the Board of Directors of the company and/or shareholders or stakeholders at large. 20) A detailed action Plan for Corporate Social Responsibility for the project affected people and people living in and around the project area should be provided.
21) Permission of drawl of water shall be pre-requisite for consideration of EC.
22) Wastewater /effluent should confirm to the effluent standards as prescribed under Environment (Protection) Act, 1986
23) Details of washed coal, middling and rejects along with the MoU with the end-users should be submitted.
*** Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I & II Expansion)
Reference for the prescribed Terms of Reference (ToR) issued by MoEF & CC S.No. ToR Point Section No. Page No. Standard TOR for conducting EIA study for Coal mine: 1 An EIA-EMP Report shall be prepared for 10 MTPA rated Chapter 1 to 1-1 to 1-8 capacity in an ML/project area of 1953.46 ha based on the 12 2-1 to 2-34 generic structure specified in Appendix III of the EIA 3-1 to 3-68 Notification, 2006. 4-1 to 4-67 5-1 to 5-2 6-1 to 6-12 7-1 to 7-20 8-1 to 8-2 9-1 10-1 to 10-15 11-1 to 11-17 12-1 to 12-5 2 An EIA-EMP Report would be prepared for 10 MTPA rated Chapter - 3 3-1 to 3-68 capacity to cover the impacts and management plan for the project specific activities on the environment of the region, Chapter - 4 4-1 to 4-67 and the environmental quality encompassing air, water, land, biotic community, etc. through collection of data and Chapter – 10 10-1 to 10-15 information, generation of data on impacts including prediction modeling for 10.00 MTPA of coal production based on approved project/Mining Plan for 10 MTPA. Baseline data collection can be for any season except monsoon. 3 A map specifying locations of the State, District and Project Figure 2.1 I location should be provided. 4 A Study area map of the core zone and 10 km area of the Figure 2.2 II and IIIA buffer zone (1: 50,000 scale) clearly delineating the major and 2.2B topographical features such as the land use, surface drainage pattern including rivers/streams/nullahs/canals, locations of human habitations, major constructions including railways, roads, pipelines, major industries/mines and other polluting sources. In case of ecologically sensitive areas such as Biosphere Reserves/National Parks/WL Sanctuaries/ Elephant Reserves, forests (Reserved/Protected), migratory corridors of fauna, and areas where endangered fauna and plants of medicinal and economic importance found in the 15 km study area should be given. 5 Land use map (1: 50,000 scale) based on a recent satellite Figure 3.14 3-40 to 3-44 imagery of the study area may also be provided with to 3.18 explanatory note on the land use. 6 Map showing the core zone delineating the agricultural Section 2.15 2-27 to 2-28 land (irrigated and un-irrigated, uncultivable land as defined in the revenue records, forest areas (as per records), along with other physical features such as water bodies, etc should be furnished. 7 A contour map showing the area drainage of the core zone Fig. 2.2B IIIA and 25 km of the study area (where the water courses of the core zone ultimately join the major rivers/streams outside the lease/project area) should also be clearly indicated in the separate map. 8 A detailed Site plan of the mine showing the proposed Section 2.15 2-27 to 2-28 break-up of the land for mining operations such as the quarry area, OB dumps, green belt, safety zone, buildings, Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad xxviii
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S.No. ToR Point Section No. Page No. infrastructure, CHP, ETP, Stockyard, township/colony Fig., 2.26 XXVI (within and adjacent to the ML), undisturbed area -if any, and landscape features such as existing roads, drains/natural water bodies to be left undisturbed along Fig. 4.5 to XXXVI to with any natural drainage adjoining the lease /project 4.13 XLIV areas, and modification of thereof in terms of construction of embankments/bunds, proposed diversion/re-channelling of the water courses, etc., approach roads, major haul roads, etc should be indicated. 9 In case of any proposed diversion of nallah/canal/river, the Section 2.22 2-33 proposed route of diversion /modification of drainage and their realignment, construction of embankment etc. should also be shown on the map as per the approval of Irrigation and flood control Department of the concerned state. 10 Similarly if the project involves diversion of any Section 2-33 road/railway line passing through the ML/project area, the 2.22.3 proposed route of diversion and its realignment should be XXXI shown in the map. Fig. 2.31 11 Break up of lease/project area as per different land uses Table 4.20 4-50 and their stage of acquisition should be provided. S.N Landuse Within Outside Total ML area ML area (ha) (ha) 1 Agriculture Land 2 Forest Land 3 Waste Land 4 Grazing land 5 Surface water bodies 6 Settlements 7 Others (specify)
Total 12 Break-up of lease/project area as per mining operations Section 2.15 2-27 to 2-28 should be provided. 13 Impact of changes in the land use due to the project, if Section 4.7 4-31 much of the land being acquired is predominantly agricultural land/forestland/grazing land. 14 One-season (non-monsoon) primary baseline data on Chapter – 3 3-4 to 3-28 environmental quality - air (PM10, PM2.5, SOx, NOx and Section 3.3 heavy metals such as Hg, Pb, Cr, As, etc), noise, water to 3.6 (surface and groundwater), soil - along with one-season met data coinciding with the same season for AAQ Section 3.9 3-45 to 3-48 collection period should be provided. 15 Map of the study area (1: 50, 000 scale) (core and buffer Fig. 3.1 to XXXII to zone clearly delineating the location of various sampling 3.4 XXXV stations superimposed with location of habitats, other industries/mines, polluting sources should be provided. The number and location of the stations in both core and buffer zones should be selected on the basis of size of lease/project area, the proposed impacts in the downwind (air)/downstream (surface water)/groundwater regime (based on flow). One station should be in the upwind/upstream/non-impact/non-polluting area as a control station. The monitoring should be as per CPCB guidelines and parameters for water testing for both ground
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S.No. ToR Point Section No. Page No. water and surface water as per ISI standards and CPCB classification wherever applicable. Values should be provided based on desirable limits. 16 Study on the existing flora and fauna in the study area Section 3.10 3-48 to 3-56 (10km) should be carried out by an institution of relevant discipline. The list of flora and fauna duly authenticated separately for the core and study area and a statement clearly specifying whether the study area forms a part of the migratory corridor of any endangered fauna should be given. If the study area has endangered flora and fauna, or if the area is occasionally visited or used as a habitat by Schedule-I fauna, or if the project falls within 15 km of an ecologically sensitive area, or used as a migratory corridor then a Comprehensive Conservation Plan should be prepared and submitted with EIA-EMP Report; and comments from the CWLW of the State Govt. should also be obtained and furnished. 17 Details of mineral reserves, geological status of the study Section 2.7 2-6 to 2-12 area and the seams to be worked, ultimate working depth Fig. 2.4 to V & VI and progressive stage-wise working scheme until the end 2.5 of mine life should be provided on the basis of the XXXVI to approved rated capacity and calendar plans of production Fig. 4.5 to XLIV from the approved Mining Plan. Geological maps and 4.16 sections should be included. The Progressive mine development and Conceptual Final Mine Closure Plan should also be shown in figures. 18 Details of mining methods, technology, equipment to be Section 5.1 5-1 to 5-2 used, etc., rationale for selection of specified technology to 5.2 and equipment proposed to be used vis-à-vis the potential impacts should be provided. 19 Impact of mining on hydrology, modification of natural Section 4.5 4-23 to 4-30 drainage, diversion and channeling of the existing and 4.6 rivers/water courses flowing though the ML and adjoining the lease/project and the impact on the existing users and impacts of mining operations thereon. 20 Detailed water balance should be provided. The break-up Section 2 -19 2-21 of water requirement for the various mine operations should be given separately. 21 Source of water for use in mine, sanction of the competent Section 2.19 2-32 authority in the State Govt. and impacts vis-à-vis the Annexure-2D 2-38 to 2-39 competing users should be given. 22 Impact of mining and water abstraction use in mine on the Section to 4-23 to 4-31 hydrogeology and groundwater regime within the core 4.5 and 4.6 zone and 10 km buffer zone including long-term monitoring measures should be provided. Details of rainwater harvesting and measures for recharge of groundwater should be reflected in case there is a declining trend of groundwater availability and/or if the area falls within dark/grey zone. 23 Impact of blasting, noise and vibrations should be given. Section 4.3 4-18 24 Impacts of mining on the AAQ and predictions based on Section 4.2 4-1 to 4-17 modeling using the ISCST-3 (Revised) or latest model should be provided. 25 Impacts of mineral transportation within the mining area Section 4.2 4-1 to 4-17 and outside the lease/project along with flow-chart
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S.No. ToR Point Section No. Page No. indicating the specific areas generating fugitive emissions should be provided. Impacts of transportation, handling, transfer of mineral and waste on air quality, generation of effluents from workshop, management plan for maintenance of HEMM, machinery, equipment should be given. Details of various facilities such as rest areas and canteen for workers and effluents/pollution load emanating. from these activities should also be provided. 26 Effort be made to reduce/eliminate road transport of coal Chapter 10 10-1 to 10-15 inside and outside mine and for mechanized loading of coal through CHP/ Silo entirely wagons and into trucks/tippers. 27 Details of waste OB and topsoil generated as per the Section 4.18 4-44 to 4-47 approved calendar programme, and their management shown in figures as well explanatory notes tables giving progressive development and mine closure plan, green belt development, backfilling programme and conceptual post mining land use should be given. OB dump heights and terracing based on slope stability studies with a max of 28o angle as the ultimate slope should be given. Sections of final dumps (both longitudinal and cross section) with relation to the adjacent area should be shown. 28 Efforts are made for maximizing progressive internal Section 4.18 4-44 to 4-47 dumping of O.B., sequential mining, external dump on coal bearing area and later re-handling into the mine void.--to reduce land degradation. 29 Impact of change in land use from mining operations and Section 4-50 whether the land can be restored to agriculture use post 4.24.2 mining. 30 Progressive Green belt and ecological restoration Section 4.20 4- 47 /afforestation plan (both in text, figures and in the tabular form as per the format of MOEF&CC given below) and selection of species (native) based on original survey/landuse should be given.
31 Conceptual Final Mine Closure Plan and post mining land Section 4.24 4- 49 t0 4-56 use and restoration of land/habitat to the status pre- mining should be provided. A Plan for the ecological restoration of the mined out area and post mining land use should be prepared with detailed cost provisions. Impact and management of wastes and issues of rehandling (wherever applicable) and backfilling and progressive mine closure and reclamation should be detailed.
32 Flow chart of water balance should be provided. Treatment Section 2.19 2-23 to 2-24 of effluents from workshop, township, domestic wastewater, mine water discharge, etc. should be provided. Details of STP in colony and ETP in mine should be given. Recycling of water to the max. Possible extent should be accorded?. 33 Occupational health issues. Baseline data on the health of Section 6.3.7 6-8 to 6-9 the population in the impact zone and measures for Section 3.11 3-57 to 3-67 occupational health and safety of the personnel and manpower in the mine should be given. 34 Risk Assessment and Disaster Preparedness and Chapter-7 7-1 to 7.20 Management Plan should be provided. Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad xxxi
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S.No. ToR Point Section No. Page No. 35 Integration of the Env. Management Plan with measures Chapter -10 10-8 to 10-13 for minimizing use of natural resources - water, land, & 10-15 energy, etc. should be carried out. 36 Cost of EMP (capital and recurring) should be included in Table 10.4 to 10-12 to 10- the project cost and for progressive and final mine closure 10.6 14 plan. 37 Details of R&R. Detailed project specific R&R Plan with NA data on the existing socio-economic status of the population (including tribals, SC/ST, BPL families) found in the study area and broad plan for resettlement of the displaced population, site for the resettlement colony, alternate livelihood concerns/employment for the displaced people, civic and housing amenities being offered, etc and costs along with the schedule of the implementation of the R&R Plan should be given. 38 CSR Plan along with details of villages and specific Table 4.25 4-56, 4-58 budgetary provisions (capital and recurring) for specific activities over the life of the project should be given. 39 Corporate Environment Responsibility: NA NA a) The Company must have a well laid down Environment Policy approved by the Board of Directors. b) The Environment Policy must prescribe for standard operating process/procedures to bring into focus any infringements/deviation/violation of the environmental or forest norms/conditions. c) The hierarchical system or Administrative Order of the company to deal with environmental issues and for ensuring compliance with the EC conditions must be furnished. d) To have proper checks and balances, the company should have a well laid down system of reporting of non-compliances/violations of environmental norms to the Board of Directors of the company and/or shareholders or stakeholders at large. 40 Section no. 7-17 to 7-20 Details on Public Hearing should cover the information 7.5 relating to notices issued in the newspaper, proceedings/minutes of Public Hearing, the points raised by the general public and commitments made by the proponent and the action proposed with budgets in suitable time frame. These details should be presented in a tabular form, if the Public Hearing is in the regional language, an authenticated English Translation of the same should be provided. 41 In built mechanism of self-monitoring of compliance of Section 10.6 10-14 environmental regulations should be indicated. 42 Status of any litigations/ court cases filed / pending on the Section 1.6 1-8 project should be provided. 43 Submission of sample test analysis of Characteristics of Table 3.7 3-12 coal: This should include details on grade of coal and other characteristics such as ash content, S and heavy metals including levels of Hg, As, Pb, Cr etc. 44 Copy of clearances/approvals such as Forestry Annexure 2I 2-61 to 2-70 clearances, Mining Plan Approval, mine closer plan Annexure 1B 1-10
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S.No. ToR Point Section No. Page No. approval. NOC from Flood and Irrigation Dept, (if req.). etc. wherever applicable. Details of Forest clearance Total Total Date of Extent Balanc Status ML/Proj Forest FC of e Area of app ect Land Forest for for Area (ha) land which diversio (ha) FC is n o yet to Forest be land obtaine d
Reference for the prescribed Terms of Reference (ToR) issued by MoEF&CC for Coal Washery S.No. Description of Item Section No. Page No. 1 Siting of washery is critical considering to its environmental impacts. Preference should be given to Section 1.3.2 Page No.1.2 the site located at pit head; in case such a site is not available, the site should be as close to the pit head as Lay out plan of possible and coal should be transported from mine to the coal washery is page no. washery preferably through closed conveyer belt to enclosed as XXIX avoid air pollution. Fig. 2.29. and 2 The washery shall not be located in eco-sensitive zones NA areas. 3 The washery should have a closed system and zero Given in discharge. The storm drainage should be treated in section 2.19.1 2-32 settling ponds before discharging into of Chapter-2 rivers/streams/water bodies. 4 A thick Green belt of about 50 m width should be Table 2.10 A Page No. 2- developed surrounding the washery. 29 Section Page No. 4- 4.26.2.6 66 to 4-67 5 A brief description of the plant along with a layout, the Give in chapter- page no. 2-20 specific technology used and the source of coal should 2 , section no. to 2-21. be provided. 2.14.6 6 The EIA-EMP Report should cover the impacts and Impacts are management plan for the project of the capacity given in 4-59 to 4-67 for which EC is sought and the impacts of specific chapter-4 and activities, including the technology used and coal used, EMP is given in on the environment of the area (within 10km radius), and chapter-10, page no. 10- the environmental quality of air, water, land, biotic section 10.6 14. community, etc. through collection of data and information, generation of data on impacts for the rated capacity. Cumulative impacts for air and water should be a part of ElA in case coal mine, TPP and other washeries are located within 10km radius. The ElA should also include mitigative measures needed to minimize adverse environmental impacts.
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S.No. Description of Item Section No. Page No. 7 A Study Area Map of the core zone as well as the 10km NA area of buffer zone showing major industries/mines and Topo map of 10 Page no. II other polluting sources should be submitted. These km radius is maps shall also indicate the migratory corridors of fauna, enclosed. Fig. if any and areas of endangered fauna; plants of 2.2 medicinal and economic importance; any ecologically sensitive areas within the 10 km buffer zone; the shortest distance from the National Park/WL Sanctuary Tiger Reserve, etc. along with the comments of the Chief Wildlife Warden of the State Government. 8 Data of one-season (non-monsoon) primary- base-line Chapter – 3 3-4 to 3-28 data on environmental quality of air (PM10,PM2.5, SOx Section 3.3 to and NOx, noise, water (surface and groundwater), soil 3.6 be submitted. Section 3.9 3-45 to 3-48 9 The wet washery should generally utilize mine water Mine water will page 2-31 only. In case mine water is not available, the be used for option of storage of rain water and its use should be coal washery, it examined. Use of surface water and groundwater should is mention in be avoided. the chapter-2, section 2.1. 10 Detailed water balance should be provided. The break- It is mention in page 2-32 up of water requirement as per different activities in the the chapter-2, mining operations vis-a-vis washery should be given. If section 2.19.1. the source of water is from surface water and/or ground GW clearance water, the same may be justified besides obtaining is given in approval of the Competent Authority for its drawl. Annexure 2D . 11 The entire sequence of mineral production, Given in page 2-21 to transportation, handling, transfer and storage of mineral chapter-2 2-27. and waste, if any, and their impacts on air quality should section 2.14.5 be shown in a flow chart with specific points where fugitive emissions can arise and specific pollution control/mitigative measures proposed to be put in place. The washed coal and rejects should be transport by train as far as possible. Road transport of washed coal and rejects should generally be avoided. In case, the TPP is within 10km radius, it should be through conveyer belt. If transport by rail is not feasible because of the topography of the area, the option for transport by road be examined in detail and its impacts along with the mitigation measures should be clearly brought out in ElA/EMP report. 12 Details of various facilities proposed to be provided in Given in page 2-33 terms of parking, rest areas, canteen etc.to the chapter-2 personnel involved in mineral transportation, workshop section 2.21 and effluents/pollution load from these activities should be provided. 13 Impacts of CHP, if any, on air and water quality should Given chapter- page no. 4- also be spelt out along with Action Plan. 4, Section 4.26 59 to 4-67 14 O.M. no. J-llOI3/25/2014-IA.I dated 11th August, 2014 to CSR activities be followed with regard to CSR activities. will be follow as per the OM 15 Details of Public Hearing, Notice(s) issued in Given in page no. 7- newspapers, proceedings/minutes of Public Hearing, chapter-7, 17 tp 7-20 points raised by the general public and section no. 7.5 response/commitments made by the proponent along Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad xxxiv
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S.No. Description of Item Section No. Page No. with the Action Plan and budgetary provisions be submitted in tabular form. If the Public Hearing is in the regional language, an authenticated English translation of the same should be provided. Status of any litigations/ court cases filed/pending, if any, against the project should be mentioned in EIA. 16 Analysis of samples indicating the following be Given in page no. 3-12 submitted: chapter-3 for Characteristics of coal prior to washing (this includes coal grade of coal, other characteristics of ash, S characteristics and heavy levels of metals such as Hg, As, Pb, Cr etc). Table 3.7 Characteristics and quantum of coal after washing. Characteristics and quantum of coal rejects.
17 Details of management/disposal/use of coal rejects Rejects will be should be provided. The rejects should be used in TPP sold out to located close to the washery as far as possible. If TPP is users and within a reasonable distance (10km), transportation unsalable should be by conveyor belt. If it is far away, the rejects will be transportation should be by rails far as possible. accommodated in the OB dumps. 18 Copies of MOU/Agreement with linkages (for stand- Will be made alone washery) for the capacity for which EC is being after sought should be submitted. establishment. 19 Corporate Environment Responsibility: Not applicable as per MoEF&CC OM dt. 30.09.2020 A The Company must have a well laid down Environment Given in Page 10-1 to Policy approved by the Board of Directors. chapter-10. 10-14 Annexure-10A B The Environment Policy must prescribe for standard Given in Page 10-1 to operating process/procedures to bring into focus any chapter-10. 10-14 infringements/deviation/violation of the environmental or forest norms/conditions. C The hierarchical system or Administrative Order of the Given in Page 10-1 to company to deal with environmental issues and for chapter-10. 10-14 ensuring compliance with the environmental clearance conditions must be furnished. D To have proper checks and balances, the company Given in Page 10-1 to should have a well laid down system of reporting of non- chapter-10. 10-14 compliances/violations of environmental norms to the Board of Directors of the company and/or shareholders or stakeholders at large. 20 A detailed action Plan for Corporate Social Given in 4-56 to 4-57 Responsibility for the project affected people and people chapter-4-, living in and around the project area should be provided. Table 4- 21 and 4.23 21 Permission of drawl of water shall be pre-requisite for It is mention in Annexure-2D consideration of EC. the chapter-2. GW clearance obtained for exiting project and for proposed expansion under process. Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad xxxv
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S.No. Description of Item Section No. Page No. 22 Wastewater /effluent should confirm to the effluent Given in Page no. standards as prescribed under Environment(Protection) chapter-6. 6-10 Act, 1986 23 Details of washed coal, middling and rejects along with SCCl and the MoU with the end-users should be submitted. TSGENCO have entered MoU for utilization of washed coal. Efforts will also be made to have linkage arrangements with FBC based thermal power plants for disposal of middling and rejects of coal washery
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CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 PURPOSE OF THE REPORT
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is the formal process used to predict the environmental consequences (positive or negative) of a plan, policy, program, or project prior to taking a decision to give environmental clearance for the project. Formal impact assessments may be governed by rules and administrative procedure regarding public participation and documentation of decision making.
The basic objective of the EIA is to identify, predict, mitigate and communicate the possible impacts due the proposed project to the Government authority and to the people likely to be affected and incorporate the conditions for construction, operation, maintenance and waste disposal phases of the project to mitigate the negative (adverse) impacts and enhance the positive impacts for the sustainable development of the region. The purpose of the assessment is to ensure that decision makers consider the environmental impacts when deciding whether or not to proceed with a project. EIAs are unique in that they do not require adherence to a predetermined environmental outcome, but rather they require decision makers to account for environmental values in their decisions and to justify those decisions in light of detailed environmental studies and public comments on the potential environmental impacts.
1.2 IDENTIFICATION OF PROJECT AND PROJECT PROPONENT 1.2.1 Identification of the project The Singareni Collieries Company Ltd (SCCL) has been exploiting coal for more than 130 years. Pranahita-Godavari valley coal field is a NNW-SSE trending basin belt on the Precambrian platform. It is one of the principal Gondwana basins in India and follows the course of Pranahita and Godavari rivers over a strike length of 470 km. The south sector over 350 km length lying in the districts of Komram Bheem (Asifabad), Mancherial, Peddapalli, Jayashankar Bhupalpalli, Bhadradri Kothagudem and Khammam of Telangana State is referred as Godavari Valley Coal Field (GVCF). Sathupalli-Chintalapudi coal belt represents the South-Eastern continuation of Kothagudem sub-basin covering an area of around 11 km2. Proposed Jalagam Vengala Rao (JVR) Opencast Mine (I&II Expansion) is carved out of Sathupalli Block-I (2.469 km2) and Sathupalli Block-II (6.00 km2) which is bounded by East Longitudes 80045’43.38” to 80o49’20.86” and North Latitude 17013’01.70” to 17009’54.59” in the central part of Sathupalli-Chintalapudi coal belt and falls within Khammam district of Telangana State. The Mining leases are enclosed as Annexure -1A. 1.2.2 Project Proponent The Project Proponent is M/s Singareni Collieries Company Ltd (SCCL). The SCCL is a Government coal mining company jointly owned by the Government of Telangana and Government of India on a 51:49 equity basis. SCCL is the first largest public sector undertaking in the State with manpower of 45,312 as on 31.07.2020. It is the only coal mining company in South India catering to the needs of thermal power plants and other coal based industries. SCCL is currently operating 20 opencast mines and 27 underground mines. The SCCL, being the only coal producing company in Southern India, has the onerous responsibility of meeting large portion of coal demand in this part of the country.
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1.2.2.1 Address of the Project Proponent Director (Projects & Planning) The Singareni Collieries Company Limited Po:Kothagudem collieries, Dist: Bhadradri Kothagudem - 507 101. Telangana State Mail id: [email protected] Ph.No. 08744 – 242602, Fax No. 08744 - 242724. 1.2.2.2 Address of Project In –charge Project Officer, JVR OC Mine (I & II Expansion) The Singareni Collieries Company Limited Sathupalli, Po: Sathupalli, Dist: Khammam-507103, Telangana State
1.3 Brief description of the nature of the projectAA 1.3.1 Nature of the Project Jalagam Vengala Rao Opencast Project-II and Jalagam Vengala Rao Opencast-I Expansion are existing opencast coal mine projects located adjacent to each other at Ayyagaripeta and Kommepalli Villages near Sathupalli town in Sathupalli Mandal, Khammam District of Telangana State. The existing JVR OC I Expansion was operating at a rated capacity of 2.50 MTPA in an area of 547.08 ha. and coal reserves were exhausted by the end of 2019-20. The JVR OC II Project commenced in 2017-18 and is operating at a rated capacity of 5.00 MTPA. SCCL submitted an application to MoEF&CC seeking Environment Clearance for expansion in terms of production from the existing 2.5 MTPA to 5.00 MTPA in 534.81 ha., under violation category. In the approved Mining Plan for JVR OC II Project, it was envisaged to utilize the voids of JVR OC I Expansion Project for dumping of overburden from JVR OC II Project in order to conserve the land. The same was incorporated in approved Mining Plan & Mine Closure of JVR OC I Expansion project also. Accordingly, the proposed Jalagam Vengala Rao (JVR) Opencast Mine (I&II Expansion) is planned for expansion of JVR OCP-II from 5 to 10 Mtpa by integrating with JVR OC-I Expansion. The proposed JVR Opencast Mine (I&II Expansion) is designed for an annual rated capacity of 10.00 MT within the project area of 1953.46 ha. The balance extractable reserves in the proposed expansion are 245.51 Mt with a life of 28 years. Capital requirement for the proposed expansion project is 208.05 Crores The mining plan (Ist Revision) including Mine Closure Plan of Jalagam Vengal Rao Opencast (I&II) Expansion was approved by Ministry of Coal, vide F. No. PCA- 38011/12/2017-PCA, dt. 29.03.2019. Mining plan and mine closure plan approval is enclosed as Annexure-1 B. The proposed project falls in “Category – A” for obtaining Environment Clearance, as per the EIA Notification vide S.O. 1533, dated 14.09.2006 and subsequent amendments.
1.3.2 Coal Washery It is also planned to establish a coal beneficiation plant of 4 MTPA in 13.03 ha within the project area to wash the coal having an average grade of G12 to get G9 grade with 65.89% yield. Establishment and operation of coal washery has been awarded for continuous operation with zero effluent discharge system at the site. The proposed washing technique, i.e., Jig & Drum Washing, which is an internationally accepted ‘state of art technology’ deals with weighted average ash content of 47 % (ranges from 40 to 52%) non-coking coals of SCCL on Build, Own and Operate (BOO) basis. Capital cost for coal washery is Rs.80.00 Crores Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 1-2
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1.3.3 Project background 1.3.3.1 Jalagam Vengala Rao Opencast-I Expansion Jalagam Vengala Rao Opencast-I Expansion was carved out from Sathupalli Block-I (246.90 ha). This block lies adjacent to Sathupalli town covering an area of 2.469 km2. Mining Plan of Sathupalli OCP-I for a rated capacity of 0.70 Mt was approved by MoC, GoI vide O.M.13016/39/2003-CA dated 24th June, 2004. The geological reserves considered were 21.19 Mt up to 120 m depth line of seam A considering bottom layers in B seam, Index-I and A seam. Environmental Clearance was obtained from MoEF&CC for a rated capacity of 0.70 Mt in 410.58 ha project area Vide MoEF&CC letter No. J-11015/240/ 2003- IA. II (M) dated 16th September, 2004. After obtaining Forest Clearance for diversion of 244.02 ha and Grant of Mining Lease for 383.05 ha, the Sathupalli OCP-I (JVR OCP-I) project was started on 3rd June 2005 and coal production started on 3rd December, 2005. Later the Revised Mining Plan of Sathupalli OCP-I (renamed as JVR OC-I Opencast Expansion Project) for a rated capacity of 2.0 Mt (Peak-2.5 Mt) was prepared with the projection of balance geological reserves of 18.6 Mt in Sathupalli Block-I and by annexing additional quarry area of 136.50 ha (Forest Land) and approved by MoC, GoI. Vide O.M. 13016/12/2006-CA-II dated 21st May, 2007. The reserves considered were 44.02 Mt in project area of 519.55 ha. Environmental Clearance was obtained for JVR OC-I Opencast Expansion Project at a annual rated capacity of 2.0 Mt (Peak- 2.5 Mt), vide MoEF & CC letter No.J- 11015/301/2007-IA. II (M) dated 27th July, 2007. After obtaining Forest Clearance for diversion of 136.50 ha and grant of Mining Lease for 136.50 ha, the JVR OCP-I Expansion was started on 23rd February, 2015 and coal production started on 31st March, 2015. Balance extractible coal reserves in the JVR OC-I Expansion project in accordance with approved mining plan were 7.10 Mt as on 01.04.2018. 1.3.3.2 Jalagam Vengala Rao Opencast Project-II The Jalagam Vengala Rao Opencast Project-II is located to the South-West of JVR OC-I expansion which is carved out from Sathupalli Block-II (600 ha) covering an area of 6 km2. Mining Plan for a rated capacity of 4.00 Mt (Peak- 5 Mt) was approved by MoC, GoI vide letter No: 13016/14/2009-CA-II, dated: 05.04.2010. The Geological reserves considered were 217.90 Mt and the lease area of the project was 1300.69 ha and project area was 1359.81ha. Mine Closure Plan was approved by MoC, GoI vide letter No: 13016/14/2009- CA-II, dated 10th February 2016. Environmental Clearance was obtained from MoEF&CC for a annual rated capacity of 4.00 Mt (Peak - 5.00) vide letter No: J-11015/ 268/ 2007-IA.II (M), dated 28th March, 2010. After obtaining Forest Clearance for diversion of 776.20 ha of forest land for JVR OCP-II and grant of Mining Lease for 1300.69 ha, the Jalagam Vengala Rao Opencast Project-II was started on 01st September, 2017 and coal production started on 31st October, 2017. Balance extractible coal reserves in the JVR OC-II project in accordance with approved mining plan were 238.41 Mt as on 01.04.2018. 1.3.4 Present Proposal The proposed Jalagam Vengala Rao Opencast Mine (I&II Expansion) is planned for expansion of existing JVR OCP-II from 5 to 10 MTPA by Integrating with JVR OC-I Expn for facilitating sequential/relay dumping and conserving the land requirement for overburden dumping along with an integrated coal washery.
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The details of the project proposal are as follows. 1. To increase the rated capacity from 5.00 Mtpa to 10.00 Mtpa to by Integration of adjoining Jalagam Vengala Rao Opencast-I Expansion Project for facilitating sequential/relay dumping. 2. To establish a coal beneficiation plant to wash the coal having the average grade G12 to yield G9 grade. 1.3.5 Salient features The salient features of the present proposal are summarized below: Jalagam Vengala Rao Opencast Mine (I&II 1. Name of the Project Expansion) 2. Name of the organization The Singareni Collieries Company Limited 3. Type of the project (New / Expansion) Expansion of existing coal mine and establishment of new Coal Washery. 4. Name of the Coalfield / Coal belt Sathupalli - Chintalapudi Coal Belt of Godavari Valley Coalfield 5. Location Village Kommepalli near Sathupalli town Mandal Sathupalli District Khammam State Telangana Villages fall in Mine lease Project: Kommepalli, Kistaram, Rejerla, area Erragunta.Colony: Ayyagaripeta, Kistaram 6. Coal Belt Sathupalli - Chintalapudi Coal Belt 7. Coal Field Godavari Valley Coal Field 8. Plot / Survey / Khasra No. Mine area is bound by Latitudes 17o09’54.59” N to 17o13’01.70”N and Longitudes 80o45’43.38” E to 80o49’20.86”E and falls in Survey of India Topo Sheet No: 65 C/16. Land details are annexed at the end of 1st chapter. 9. Nearest railway station / airport in Bhadrachalam Road Station : 63 km Gannavaram International Airport : 103 10. Nearest Town, city, District Head Sathupalli : 2, quarters along with distance in km Khammam :80 Khammam :80 11. Reserves (Mt) Geological Reserves 309.55 Extractable Reserves 291.97 Balance Extractable Reserves 245.51 (as on 01.04.2018) 12. 3 1202.33 Total Hard OB from Quarry (Mm ) (Hard OB-1183.85 and Top Soil-18.48) Balance OB to be removed in Mm3 1046.89 (as on 01.04.2018) (Hard OB-1032.70 and Top Soil-14.19) 13. Stripping Ratio (m3/tonne) 4.26 14. Area of excavation (ha) 1030.87 15. Grade of coal G-9 & G-12 (Avg- 4517 Kca/kg) 16. Coal Beneficiation envisaged An Integrated Coal Washery is proposed 17. Borehole density (No/Sq.km) 25.26 1953.46 (1910.09 ha for project & 43.37 ha 18. Total Land requirement (ha) for colony)
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19. Method of Working Mechanized Opencast Mining 20. Technology Shovel Dumper combination 21. Minimum depth of the Quarry (m) 25.50 22. Maximum depth of the quarry(m) 363.45 23. Existing Capacity (MTPA) 4.00 (Peak 5.00) Proposed capacity (MTPA) after 24. 10.00 expansion 25. Life of the project 28 Years from 2018-19 26. No. of villages to be shifted Nil for expansion project. Nil for expansion project. 27. R&R involved (But R&R already implemented for 229 PDFs in JVR OCP-II.) 28. Manpower OC Project: 506,Washery: 200, Total : 706 29. Surface features over the block area Villages: Kommepalli Public Roads : Sathupalli -Vemsur Road Major water bodies: Nil 30. Capital required for proposed OC Project: Rs. 208.05 Crores expansion project Washery: Rs. 80.00 Crores Total : Rs. 288.05 Crores 31. Environment Cost OC Project: Rs. 7.49 Crores Capital Cost Washery: Rs. 6.21 Crores Total : Rs. 13.70 Crores Revenue Cost (Per Annum): OC Project: Rs. 8.87 Crores Washery: Rs. 0.40 Crores Total : Rs. 9.27 Crores 1.3.6 Location of the Project: Proposed Jalagam Vengala Rao Opencast Mine (I&II Expansion) is an expansion of existing mine and located in Kommepalli Village near Sathupalli town, Mandal Sathupalli, District Khammam of Telangana State. Land details along with survey nos. / compartment numbers are furnished as Annexure A. A plan showing location of project boundary & project layout is enclosed as Figure 1.1. Figure 1.1 Location plan
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E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environmental Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
1.3.7 Demand-Supply Gap SCCL is the only coal mining company existing in Southern India and supplying coal to the major power utilities like NTPC, TSGENCO, APGENCO, KPCL and Maha GENCO. Total Coal produced during 2018-19 is 64.405 Mt. Total coal supplied to customers by SCCL during FY 2018-19 was 67.673 MT and it is increasing at rapid pace Year on Year (YoY) out of which majority is supplied to power industries. The installed thermal power capacity in South India is 33000 MW and requires coal of 127 MTPA. The demand is expected to further increase with envisaged establishment of additional capacity of 4200 MW by TSGENCO and 4000 MW by NTPC in the State of Telangana (as per Schedule-XIII of AP Re-organisation Act-2013) which require additional coal of 30 MTPA. SCCL also has constructed a power plant of 1200 MW capacity in Srirampur area and another 800 MW power plant is envisaged. With the addition of new power plants, there will be an additional demand for SCCL coal over and above the existing supplies. Therefore, SCCL, being a state-owned public sector company, has the responsibility to cater to the needs of the new power plants coming up in the State.
The demand-supply projections shown hereunder reveals that total production of coal from SCCL is inadequate to meet the total demand and a substantial gap remains unfulfilled.
Demand- supply projections of SCCL (in MT)
Sl. Year 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23 2023-24 2024-25 1 Demand 77.86 91.15 83.53 84.05 84.58 2 Target 67.50 72.00 75.00 80.00 85.00 3 Gap -10.36 -19.15 -8.53 -4.05 0.42 To bridge the gap between coal demand and supply, SCCL has set an ambitious production target of about 85.00 MT by the year 2024-25. Keeping in view of the above, SCCL has proposed to enhance the production capacity of existing Jalagam Vengala Rao Opencast-II Project.
1.3.8 Reduction in Coal imports Certain quantity of coal is being imported to mitigate demand-supply gap in the country. In order to reduce the imports and to increase the production capacities, it is planned to enhance the production capacity of the Jalagam Vengala Rao Opencast Project-II. 1.3.9 Utilization of Coal There is no possibility of export of coal from this mine as there is sufficient demand for industries located in the region and also elsewhere in Telangana and India. The coal produced is fed to the major domestic customers namely Power sector, Cement industries, fertilizers, brick industries etc. 1.3.10 Employment generation (Direct and Indirect) due to the project To achieve the rated production of 10.00 MTPA, average daily attendance required for the proposed Expansion is estimated to be 433. After considering absenteeism towards authorized leave, sick etc., the men on roll (Direct employment) for the project will be 506, excluding area level manpower. Contractor manpower (Indirect employment) will be around 800 man shifts per day. 1.3.11 Employment Generation (Direct & Indirect) due to the Coal Washery Total manpower requirement as per technological requirement for operation and maintenance of raw coal receiving arrangement up to loading and dispatch of products has been estimated as 200. The above manpower will be required for operation & maintenance of plant in 3 shifts. While estimating the manpower, multidisciplinary / multi trade functions and group operation of equipment have been envisaged.
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E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environmental Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
However indirect employment of around 250 will be generated in project period which will be engaged through Contractor. The plant management will be responsible for overall performance of the unit. The management will be supported by a team of highly skilled persons having varied expertise and experience, which will function individually as well as collectively for overall performance of the plant. 1.4 SCOPE OF THE STUDY In the preparation of EIA/EMP report for the mining project the following issues have been addressed: · To characterize the present status of the environment within 10 km. radius study area of the project for major environmental attributes viz., air, water, noise, land, biological and socio-economic environment, etc.. · To identify and quantify the significance of impacts of activities at the mine on various environmental attributes. · To evaluate the anticipated pollution and prepare Environmental Management Plan (EMP) by describing various control measures to be adopted for mitigation of adverse impacts. · To prepare a post-project environmental monitoring programme for checking and regulating the environmental quality within the limits stipulated by State Pollution Control Board, Central Pollution Control Board and Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change (MoEF&CC). · To address all the conditions stipulated by MoEF&CC in the ToR. The EIA/EMP of the proposed project is prepared as per the EIA Guidance Manual issued by MoEF&CC and Standard Terms of Reference (ToR) issued for opencast coal mining project and coal washery with additional conditions as stipulated by Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change (MoEF&CC), vide letter no. F.No. J-11015 / 268 / 2007-IA.11(M) dated 21st May 2019 (Proposal No. IA / TG / CMIN / 96178 / 2019), enclosed as Annexure-1C. The EIA/EMP report is made as per the following generic structure, prescribed in the Appendix-III of the EIA Notification, S.O.1533 dated 14.09.2006, stipulated by MoEF&CC. · Chapter 1 : Introduction · Chapter 2 : Project Description · Chapter 3 : Description of Environment · Chapter 4 : Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures · Chapter 5 : Analysis of Alternatives ( Technology & Site) · Chapter 6 : Environmental Monitoring Programme · Chapter 7 : Additional Studies · Chapter 8 : Project Benefits · Chapter 9: Environmental Cost Benefit Analysis · Chapter 10 : Environment Management Plan · Chapter 11 : Summary and Conclusion · Chapter 12: Disclosure of Consultants Engaged
1.5 LEGAL AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK EIA notification 2006 is the principal legislation governing EIA process in India. Besides this, the Government of India under Environment (Protection) Act 1986 issued a number of notifications, which are related environmental impact assessment. The MoEF&CC is the nodal agency to set up policy and standards for the protection of environment, along with Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB). This includes air, noise, water and hazardous waste standards. The relevant regulation & standards, which are of significance to this project, are discussed in Table No.1.1.
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E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environmental Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
Table No.1.1 Environmental Regulations Operational Agencies / Name of regulation Scope and Objective Key Players Environment Protection Act To provide for the protection Central Govt. MoEF&CC, can 1986; and improvement of delegate power to Dept. of Environment Protection environment Environment Rules 1989. EIA Notification, New Delhi To provide Guideline for EIA Central Government, nodal 14th September, 2006 and Study agencies MoEF&CC, State its amendments. governments EIA - MoEF&CC circular, To provide Remediation Plan Central Government, nodal S.O. No 804(E), dt.14th and Natural and Community agencies MoEF&CC, State March 2017 on violation of Resource Augmentation Plan governments EC Water (Prevention and To provide for prevention & Central and State Pollution Control of Pollution) Act control of water pollution and Control Boards 1974 enhancing water quality Air (Prevention and Control To provide for the prevention Central and State Pollution of Pollution) Act 1981 and control of air pollution Control Boards Noise Pollution (Prevention To control and take Central Government, nodal & Control) Rules 2000 measures for abatement of agencies MoEF&CC, State noise and ensure that level governments does not cross standard Solid Waste Management To prescribe procedures for Central Government, nodal Rules, 2016 handling and disposal of solid agencies MoEF&CC, State waste governments Hazardous Waste To impose restrictions and Central and State Pollution (Management, Handling & prescribe procedures for Control Boards Tran boundary Movement) management, handling and Rules, 2016 disposal of hazardous waste Mines Act, 1952 Mine An Act to provide for Directorate-General of Mines Rules-1955, allocation of coal mines and Safety (DGMS) under the The Coal Mines (Special mine infrastructure together Union Ministry of Labour & Provisions) Act, 2015. Coal with mining leases Employment (MOL&E) Mines Regulations, 2017 Colliery Control Rules 2004 Permission for opening of the The Coal Controller, Ministry seams in the colliery of Coal. Ground water Clearance Permission to withdraw GW State Ground water during coal mining operation Department Consent for Establishment Permission obtained prior to State Pollution Control Board establishment of operation Consent for Operation To issue consent for carrying State Pollution Control Board out the operations Explosive (Amendment) Permission to use the Controller of Explosives, rules 2018 specific explosives Hyderabad. mentioned in the license.
1.6 Status of any litigations/ court cases filed / pending on the project: A case has been filed in National Green Tribunal, Southern Zone, Chennai, O.A 174 of 2020 (SZ), on 08.09.2020, basing on a complaint made by Sri Banothu Nandu Nayak in regard to environmental violations and damage caused by SCCL in operation of JVR OCP. NGT directed for a study by a joint committee in order to ascertain the impact of opencast mining operations on the surrounding environment and also directed for filing of response by the respondents.
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E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
CHAPTER-2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
2.1 TYPE OF THE PROJECT Jalagam Vengala Rao Opencast Mine (I&II Expansion) is an opencast project planned for expansion of JVR OCP-II from 5 to 10 MTPA within the project area of 1953.46 ha by integrating with adjacent JVR OC-I Expn. It is also planned to establish a coal beneficiation plant of 4 MTPA capacity to wash the coal having an average grade of G12 to get G9 grade within the project area. Establishment and operation of coal washery has been awarded for continuous operation and with zero effluent discharge system at the site. The proposed washing technique, i.e., Jig & Drum Washing, which is an internationally accepted ‘state of art technology’ to deal with weighted average ash content of 47 % (ranges from 40 to 52%), non-coking coals of SCCL on Build, Own and Operate (BOO) basis.
2.2 NEED FOR THE PROJECT AND ITS IMPORTANCE TO THE COUNTRY AND OR REGION The Singareni Collieries Company Limited is a state owned Public Sector Company operating 28 Nos. of Underground mines and 18 Nos. of Opencast mines. It has been exploiting coal since 1889. Out of 470 km long Pranahitha Godavari valley Coal field, the 350 km sector is lying mostly in the South Indian State of Telangana. Over the years, the Company had expanded its exploitation activities in Komaram Bheem Asifabad, Mancheriyal, Peddapalli, Dr.Jayashankar Bhupalpalli, Bhadradri Kothagudem and Khammam districts of Telangana. SCCL is taking the following steps for increasing the coal production. i. Reconstruction of existing mines for optimum production by intermediate and high technology. ii. Improving the productivity in the existing mines by improving the utilization of the equipment. iii. Opening of new mines in the adjoining areas for higher production. iv. Adopting opencast method of mining wherever possible for high rate of production. v. Conversion of shallow underground workings to opencast method for extraction of balance coal reserves. vi. Extension of the existing OC workings to further dip side up to optimum level. vii. Enhancing the production of existing opencast projects where ever possible. 2.3 LOCATION OF THE PROJECT The Proposed Jalagam Vengala Rao Opencast Mine (I&II Expansion) is located in Village Kommepalli near Sathupalli town, Mandal Sathupalli, District khammam of Telangana State. The key plan of JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion) along with coal washery is shown in Figure No.2.1. The coal washery is located within the project area of Jalagam Vengala Rao Opencast Mine (I&II Expansion). The environmental features within the study area of the project are shown as Table No. 2.1.
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Table 2.1 Details of Environmental Setting S.No. Particulars Details 1 Location As given in 1.4 of Chapter-1 2 Elevation 120 m - 180 m above MSL 3 Nearest tourist place Nil (within 10 km from project boundary) 4 Defense installation Nil (within 10 km from project boundary) 5 Archeologically listed important places Nil (within 10 km from project boundary) 6 Ecologically sensitive zones Nil (within 10 km from project boundary) 7 Reserved / Protected Forest The project involves 1156.72 ha. of forest land and has been already diverted 8 Roads and other infrastructure The project is adjacent to Khammam– Rajahmundry State highway. The existing Sathupalli-Vemsur PWD road is falling within the quarry area in between Sathupalli and Rejarla village. It is envisaged to divert the road from Sathupalli up to Rejarla via Kothur for a length of 4.45 km. 9 Nearest streams/Rivers Bethupalli flood flow canal (NTR canal), passing through the middle of Block-I property was already diverted away from the coal bearing area. 10 Other Industries/ Mines Kistaram Opencast Project is located within the study area of the project. 11 Socio-economic factors R&R scheme was already implemented in JVR OC-II Project. 12 Seismic zone Zone-III as per IS-1893 (Part-I)–2002 13 Villages falling under 500 m distancKistaram - 250 m, Jinugupalle- 300 m, from project boundary Rajerala- 471 m 14 State boundaries AP state boundary is falling within 10 km radius of the project, located at a distance of 7.0 km.
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Site Photographs
External Dump Green belt
Roads Internal Dump
Water Sprinkling CHP 2.4 SIZE OR MAGNITUDE OF OPERATION The mine is proposed to operate at normal capacity of 10.00 MTPA. The physical parameters of proposed Jalagam Vengala Rao Opencast Mine (I&II Expansion) are furnished below: 1. Minimum strike length along surface 2025 m 2. Maximum strike length along surface 3654 m 3. Minimum length along the dip side 211 m 4. Maximum length along the dip side 3610 m 5. Minimum depth of the quarry 25.50 m 6. Maximum depth of the quarry 363.45 m 7. Quarry floor area(Expansion project only) 787.23 ha 8. Area of excavation on surface 1030.87 ha Land requirement 9. 1953.46 ha (Project area:1910.09 ha and Colony:43.37 ha) 10. Gradient of the seam 1 in 1.25 to 1 in 11
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2.5 PROPOSED SCHEDULE FOR APPROVAL AND IMPLEMENTATION The proposed expansion project activities will commence after obtaining Environmental Clearance under Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 from Ministry of Environment and Forests & Climate Change, New Delhi, Consent for Establishment and Consent for Operation from Telangana State Pollution Control Board under the Air and Water Acts, Ground Water permission from Telangana State Ground Water Department. I. Approvals available for the existing projects: Sl. No Approval Details 1. Mining plan JVR OC-I: Mining Plan was approved by MoC, GoI. Vide O.M. 13016/12/2006-CA-II dated 21st May, 2007. Mine Closure Plan was approved by MoC, GoI vide O.M. 13013/2/2006-CA-II, dated 17th November, 2014. JVR OC-II: Mining Plan was approved by MoC, GoI vide O.M. 13016/14/2009-CA-II, dated 05th April, 2010. Mine Closure Plan was approved by MoC, GoI vide letter No: 13016/14/2009-CA-II, dated 10th February 2016. 2. Environmental clearance (EC) JVR OC-I: EC was obtained from MoEF & CC vide lr. No. J- 11015/301/2007-IA.II(M), dated 27.07. 2007 JVR OC-II: EC was obtained from MoEF& CC vide lr. No. J- 11015/268/2007-IA.II(M), dated 28.03.2010. Copies of ECs are enclosed as Annexure 2A and Certified EC compliance reports are enclosed as Annexure-2H. 3. Consent for Establishment JVR OC-I: (CFE) Obtained from State Pollution Control Board vide order no.35/PCB/CFE/RO-KGM/HO/ 2007 dated 27.09.2007. JVR OC-II: Obtained from State Pollution Control Board vide order no.5/PCB/CFE/RO-KGM/HO/ 2015 dated 26.06.2015 Copies of CFE are enclosed Annexure 2B. 4. Consent For Operation (CFO) JVR OC-I: Obtained from State Pollution Control Board vide consent order no. 16082281186 dated 03.10.2016, valid up to 30.06.2021. JVR OC-II: Obtained from State Pollution Control Board vide consent order no. 170421033095 dated 03.01.2018, valid up to 31.10.2022. Copies of CFO are enclosed as Annexure 2C. 5. Ground Water Clearance JVR OC-I: Department, AP has issued vide Memo No.13019/Hg-II (1)/06 dated 06th July, 2007 and
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JVR OC-II: Department, AP has issued vide Memo No.4693/Hg-II (2)/08 dated 01st Nov.2008 and Copies of ground water clearances are enclosed as Annexure 2D. 6. DGMS permissions JVR OC-I and JVR OC-II: Obtained vide Lr. No.H1/ SATTUPALLIOCP- I/Perm/2005/1830,dt. 27.09.2005 & No.H1/ JVR OC/Perm/2014/1785,dt. 30.06.2014. A copy of DGMS permissions is enclosed as Annexure 2E. 7. Permission for control blasting (Annexure-2J) JVR OC-I: Obtained on 29.06.2005 JVR OC-II: Obtained on 31.01.2018 8. Coal controller permission A copy of Coal Controller permission letter is enclosed as Annexure 2F. JVR OC-I and JVR OC-II: 9. Magazine permission Copy of letter enclosed as Annexure 2G
II. Approvals available for the proposed expansion project: Sl. No Approval Details 1. Mining Lease Mining lease was obtained in three phases: · JVR OCP-I Expansion Mining Lease for 136.50 ha vide G.O.Ms.No. 115, dated 13th May, 2008, valid up to 09th November, 2028 (20 years). · JVR OCP-I Mining Lease for 383.05 ha vide G.O. Ms. No. 51,dated 21st February, 2005, valid up to 22nd March, 2025 (20 years). · JVR OCP-II Mining Lease for 1300.69 ha is granted vide G.O. Ms. No. 29, dated 03th November, 2016, valid up to 13th February, 2047 (30 years) Lease has to be obtained for balance 89.85 ha in non- coal bearing area (for Road & infrastructure), for which Letter of Intent (LoI) was already issued by Telangana State Government. The copies of mining leases are enclosed as Annexure- 1A. 2. Mining plan Mining plan (1st revision) including Mine Closure Plan of proposed Jalagam Vengala Rao Opencast (I&II Expansion) was approved by MoC Vide F.No PCA- 38011/12/2017-PCA dated 29th March 2019 for 10.0 Mtpa and the copy of approval is enclosed as Annexure 1B. 3. Forest Land Diversions · Diversion of 244.02 ha of forest land for JVR OCP-I was issued Vide Order No: F. No. 8-129/2003-FC, dated: 02-02-2005. · Diversion of 136.50 ha of forest land for JVR OCP-I Expansion was issued Vide Order No: F. No. 8- 56/2008-FC, dated: 03-07-2012. · Diversion of 776.20 ha of forest land for JVR OCP-II was issued Vide Order No: F.No. 8-56/2014-FC, dated: 30-05-2017. The copies of forest land diversion letters are enclosed as Annexure 2I.
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E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
2.6 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 2.6.1 Physiography Buffer area: Within 10 km radius, the area is of gently sloping undulatory terrain, dotted with hillocks and the adjacent sandy patches that are imperfectly drained. The topographic elevation varies from 120 m above MSL in southwest to 220m above MSL in the north with a slope of 4.50 m/km. The Neladrigutta (285 m above MSL) on the NNW side, Pullgutta (215 m above MSL) in the central part and few unnamed hillocks are the prominent land marks in the area. The topographical plan showing the surface features within 10 km radius of the proposed project is shown as Figure 2.2. The surface contour plan is furnished as Figure No.2.2A. Topo plan showing surface features within 25 km radius is enclosed as Figure No. 2.2B. Core zone: The general topographic elevation of project area varies from 160m above MSL in the south to 180m above MSL in the northeast, with an average slope of 9.15 m/km towards southwest.
2.6.2 Drainage: Buffer area: The 10 km radius of the buffer area can be described conveniently into eastern and western halves as the drainage of Tammileru river and Kattaleru river vertically divides the area. The Lotu vagu and other ephemeral streams drain into the Lankasagar tank situated on the southwestern periphery, on which an earthen dam was constructed to facilitate irrigation in this area. The overflow water from Lankasagar project drains into Kattaleru River. In the eastern half, Nallavagu and other ephemeral streams drain into Bethupalli cheruvu and overflow water from Betupalli tank and other ephemeral streams form the drainage of Tammilleru River. The drainage is of sub-dendritic to sub-parallel with a density of 1.42 km/sq.km. A number of ephemeral tanks are strewn all over the area. Major perennial tanks like Lankasagar project and Bethupalli cheruvu are the chief irrigational sources for this area. The drainage map of 10 km radius is shown in Figure No.2.3. Core zone: The drainage in the project area is mostly of 1st, 2nd and 3rd order streams dendritic type with a density of 1.74 km/sq.km. 2.7 Geology and Coal Reserves The Godavari Valley Coalfield defines a major NNW-SSE trending basin belt on pre- cambrian platform, which exhibits a half graben structure. The linear belt extends from Boregoan, Maharashtra in the north through Telangana State to Eluru on the east coast of Andhra Pradesh. It follows the course of Godavari and Pranahita rivers for over a length of about 470 km. Though there is a geological continuity of the Gondwana sediments from one end to other, the structure for a length of about 350 km lying mostly in Telangana State is referred as “Pranhita-Godavari” or "Godavari Valley Coalfield” while the adjacent part in Maharashtra is designated as the “Wardha Valley Coalfield." The Pranahita - Godavari Valley Coalfield is the store house for the non-coking coal in the southern part of India covering an area of 17000 sq km. bound by North Latitudes 16o32' to 19o33' and East Longitudes 79o12' to 81o39' through Jaya shankar Bhupalpally, Peddapalli, Mancherial, Kumarambheem Asifabad, Khammam and Bhadradri Kothagudem districts of Telangana State & West Godavari of Andhra Pradesh State. The Lower Gondwana sediments occur mostly along the southwestern peripheral parts of the basin and also at few places on the north-eastern margin. Few well defined outliers and structural inliers are also present. The continuity of Barakar coal measures is broken and missing at places on account of major faulting and therefore different coal bearing areas occur as isolated pockets and are generally treated as separate coal Belts. Block Boundaries: The block boundaries of proposed Jalaganm Vengala Rao Opencast Project–I&II are as follows:
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North : Fault F1-F1 and In crops South : Fault F9-F9 and Incrops / basements East : Fault F3-F3 and Sathupalli Block III West : Fault F15-F15 and basements 2.7.1 Regional Geology of Sathupalli-Chintalapudi Coal Belt This coal belt represents the south eastern continuation of Kothagudem sub-basin. It covers a large area of about 2500 km2.The area comprises lower Gondwana group namely Talchir, Barakar, Kamthi (un-differentiated) and Gangapur Formations. The stratigraphy of the Sathupalli – Chintalapudi coal belt based on geological mapping and sub - surface data is presented in Table.No.2.2. Table 2.2 Stratigraphic succession of Sathupalli-Chintalapudi Coal belt Maximum Age Group Formation General lithology Thickness (m) White sandstone, buff silt stone and Gangapur clay stone ---
Conglomeritic sandstone, clay clast Late to Upper bearing sandstone, laminated early Mid Gondwana sandstone, variegated clay Jurassic Kota stone,white calcareous sandstone --- and lime stone ------Unconformity ------Conglomeratic sandstone, Kamthi Ferrugenous sandstone and (Un- indurated red clay stone with one or Differentiated) two coal seams in its lower part 400 ------Unconformity ------
Greyish white felspathic sandstone, pebbly sandstone, silt stone, shale, Permian Lower Barakar carbonaceous shale and 3 workable Gondwana coal seams. 300 + 50 Rhythmic units of olive green needle Talchir shales, silt stones, light green sandstone and diamictite 300 + 25 ------Unconformity ------Archaean Gneiss, granite and schist 2.7.2 Geology of proposed JVR OCP– I & II Mine Block The proposed project block, covering an area of 8.469 km2, is located in the northern central part of the coal belt. The block is is carved out of Sathupalli Block-I (2.469 km2) and Sathupalli Block-II (6 km2). The Geological Plan of the project is shown in Figure No.2.4. The details are as follows: Total Falls in Outside Geological Block Area Project Area the project area km2 km2 km2 Sathupalli Block-I 2.469 2.469 Nil Sathupalli Block-II 6.00 6.00 Nil Total 8.469 8.469 Nil Sathupalli Block –I In this block, the outcrops are few and scanty due to extensive soil cover excepting for a good geological section all along Bethupalli flood flow canal. The entire block is covered by Barakar Formation. The stratigraphic succession in the block-I is given in Table 2.3.
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Table No.2.3 Stratigraphic Sequence In Sathupalli Block-I
Age Group Formation General Lithology Thickness (m) Recent - - Soil Cover < 6.00 Permian LO Barakar Sandstone,clayeeshale,Carbona-ceous Shale W and three coal seams (A, Index and B) E 290.00 R ------
Very fine to fine grained yellowish/greenish G O Talchir sand stone, silt stones with greenish splintery N shales (Rhythmites) D Uncomfortable contact------W ------150.00+ A N A Sathupalli Block –II The Sathupalli Block–II, covering an area of 6 km2, is located in the northern central part of the coal belt. The Block is located on the south-west of Sathupalli Block-I (JVR OC-I Expansion Project). Barakar and Kamthi formations are exposed in the west central part of the block and also represented by few small ridges. The stratigraphic succession in the block has been established based on surface and sub- surface data is given Table 2.4. Table No.2.4 Stratigraphic Succession In Sathupalli Block –II AGE GROUP FORMATION MAX. THICKN ESS Recent Soil / alluvium P L Kamthi Medium to coarse grained sandstone, 283.03 E O (un-differentiated) grey and red clays with two thick + R W carbonaceous horizons E M Barakar Fine to medium grained grey 126.00- R I sandstone, clay, shale, carb shale and 184.00 A G coal seams (seam-A, Index-I, Index-II N O and seam-B) N Talchir Fine grained greenish sandstone, clay, 85.00 + D shale and silt stone W A N A ……………………….. Unconfirmity ………………………….
Archaean rocks : These are represented by granite, gneiss, quartzite, quartz-biotite schist, garnetiferrous gneiss and form the basement for Gondwana sendiments in this coal belt. These rocks are intersected in BH Nos. SSP- 120 , 178 ,183 , 185,194 and 209 . The maximum thickness encountered is 24.50m in BH No SSP - 120. Talchir Formation : This is the basal most formation of Gondwana sequence and is not exposed anywhere within the block. Presence of this formation is established from the sub-surface data. Partial thickness of this formation ranging from 1.79 mt (BH.No.SSP-17) to 85.00 mt (BH.No.SSP-154) was encountered in 24 bore holes. The strata predominantly comprises fine grained greenish sandstone, clay, shale and silt stone.
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Barakar Formation: This formation succeeds the Tallchir Formation with a gradational contact. The formation is exposed in the north and southern side of the block. The details of Lithology, sequence of coal seams and the trend of coal measures are mainly based on interpretation of sub- surface data. The strata is mainly represented by fine to medium grained grey sandstone intercalated with clay, shale and coal seams / sections. The sequence of coal seams is summarized in Table No. 2.5. Full thickness of Barakar formation is encountered in four bore holes which vary from 126.00 m (BH.No.SSP-121) to 184.00 m (BH.No.SSP-197). Table No. 2.5 sequence of coal seams of barakar formation In Sathupalli-II block Parting / Seam Lithology Thickness (m) KAMTHI (UN DIFFERENTIATED) 283.03 + Parting Shale, Carb shale, Clay 0.00 -18.50 Seam– B Shaly coal with carb shale, shale and clay bands 19.80 –61.66 (7 Sections) Parting Sandstone, shale, carb shale 3.12 – 17.79 Seam Index – II Coal / shaly coal 0.12 – 1.38 Parting Sand stone, shale , carb. Shale 2.02 – 15.23 Seam Index – I Coal / shaly coal 0.34 – 7.04 Parting Sand stone, Sandy shale, shale 0.51 – 15.53 Seam – A Coal / shaly with carb shale / shale bands 5.05 – 13.88 Parting Sand stone with thin coal bands 60.00 – 108.90 TALCHIR FORMATION
KAMTHI FORMATION (UN DIFFERENTIATED) This formation succeeds the Barakar formation with a gradational contact. The floor of the sandstone occurring above seam/section – B7 is considered as contact separating with Barakar formation. The formation is well exposed in the west central part of the block with rugged topography and sporadically as minor hills. Maximum partial thickness of 283.03 m is proved in BH. No. SSP-18.The strata comprises of pebbly sand stone micaceous silt stone, clay, shale with two carbonaceous horizons / coal seams (Seam – C & D). The sequence of coal seams is furnished in Table No.2.6. Table No.2.6 Sequence Of Coal Seams Of Kamthi Formation Seam / Parting Lithology Thickness (m) Parting Clay , shale with sand stone bands 46.54 – 159.43 Seam – D Coal / shaly coal, carb shale, shale 15.01 – 26.50 ( 3 Sections) Parting Sand stone, shale, carb shale 22.55 – 61.10 Seam – C Coal / shaly coal, carb shale,shale, clay 21.35 – 36.80 ( 7 Sections ) Parting Sandstone, clay, shale / carb. shale 48.30 – 99.05 B A R A K A R F O R M A T I O N 2.7.3 STRUCTURE Sathupalli Block –I The structure of Sathupalli Block-I (OCP)has been interpreted mainly based on sub-surface data of boreholes, Floor contour plans of the seams and geological cross sections. The general trend of the coal measures is WNW to ESE to EW with SSW to southerly dips of 8o to 14o. The gradient varies between1 in 4 to1 in 5.As many as 7 Faults were delineated within OCP block with throws ranging from 10 m to 95 m. The details of faults are furnished in Table No. 2.7. Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 2-9
E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
Table No. 2.7- The details of faults (Block-I) Sl. Fault Type of Trend of Throw Linear Evidence of Faulting No. No. Fault Fault amount and Extent direction (m) (m) 1 F1-F1 Strike to WNW- 65 to 75 1100+ Intersection of Táchira in Hon. Oblique ESE to E-W SSW-S SSP-86 and 84 at shallow depth 2 F2-f2 Strike to WNW-ESE 10 to 100 NNE 3100 Missing of seam “A” in Hon. Oblique SSP-33, missing of part of seam “B” and seam “A” in Hon. SSP-12, reduction of parting between seam “A” and Táchira in Hon. GS-25 and missing of seam “B” in Hon. SSP-107 3 F3-F3 Oblique NW-SE 50 to 95 NE 2050 Non occurrence of coal seams in Hon. SSP-67, 76, 17, reduction of parting between seam “A” and Táchira in Hon. SSP-6 and missing of seam “A” in Hon. SSP-16 4 F4-F4 Oblique/to E-W to 20 to 70 N 2100 Missing of seam “A” in Hon. Strike WNW-ESE SSP-57, 34 level difference in floor of seams in Hon. SSP- 45 and 29, SSP-65 and 24, reduction of parting between seam “A” and Táchira in Hon. SSP-45 5 F5-F5 Dip NNW-SSE 40 to 50 E 600 Difference in floor levels of seam “B” between Hon. SSP- 65 and 50, Hon. SSP-44 and 108 and Hon. SSP-68 and 41. 6 F6-F6 Oblique WNW-ESE 5 to 10 N 830 Difference in floor levels of seams between Hon. SSP- 106 and 24, Hon. SSP-64 & SSP-68 7 F7-F7 Oblique NE-SW 5 to 10 NW 540 Missing of part of seam “B” in Hon. SSP-9 and difference in floor levels, of seam “A” in Hon. SSP-58 and 9. Sathupalli Block –II The geological structure Sathupalli Block – II has been interpreted mainly based on sub- surface data of bore holes, geological cross – sections and seam floor contour. From floor contour plans it is observed that the deposit is of basined structure dipping towards the center. The gradient varies from 1 in 1.25 to 1 in 11. The geological cross section is shown in Figure No.2.5. The details of faults are furnished in Table No. 2.8.
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E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
Table no. 2.8- The details of faults (Block-II) Trend Throw Linear Sl. Fault Type of Throw of amount Extension Evidences of faulting No No Fault direction Fault (m) (m) 1 F3-F3 Oblique NNW- 80 – ENE , > 4200 Non occurrence of coal seams SSE to 130 NNE in BH No SSP-67,76 , 17 , 16 WNW- & 147 Difference in seam ESE FRLs between BH No. SSP – 206 & 6, 23&158, 189&43 and 193 & 153 2 F8-F8 Dip fault NNE - > 200 ESE > 3000 Occurrence of younger SSW formation in BH No SSP-113 & 125 3 F9-F9 Oblique WNW - 10 – 75 NNE > 600 Reduction of parting thickness ESE between seam – A and Talchir Formation in BH No SSP – 191 4 F9a- Oblique WNW - 0-5 SSW 250 Missing of seam Index – I in F9a ESE BH. No. SSP – 191 5 F10- Strike- NE - 15 – 50 SE 1150 Occurrence of Talchir F10 Oblique SW Formation at shallow depth in BH No. SSP – 199 & 213 6 F11- Strike WNW - 10 – 40 SSW 850 Missing of seams Index-I, F11 ESE Index-II and reduction of Seam-A thickness in BH No SSP – 201.Difference in seam FRLs between BH No. SSP – 212 & 151 and 201 & 116 7 F12- Oblique NNW – 20 – 80 ENE , >2000 Faulting of Seam–A floor in BH F12 SSE to NNE No. SSP-135 WNW - Missing of Seam – A in BH No ESE SSP – 174 Missing of Seam B to Seam – A in BH No SSP-177 8 F12a- Oblique WNW – 0-5 NNE 380 Missing of seam Index – I in F12a ESE BH No. SSP – 118 9 F13- Oblique NNW – 0 – 20 SSW 450 Difference in seam FRLs F13 SSE between BH No. SSP-214 & 114 and missing of Seam Index – I in BH No SSP – 214 10 F14- Oblique E – W 0 – 30 S 450 Difference in seam FRLs F14 between BH No. SSP-114 & 180 and missing of Seam Index –I in BH No SSP – 114 11 F15- Bounda WNW - > 200 ENE >2550 Intersection of metamorphic F15 ry ESE rocks in BH No SSP – 209 Missing of Seam – C to Seam – A and intersection of metamorphic rocks in BH No SSP – 178.Missing of Seam – B to Seam – A and intersection of metamorphic rocks in BH No SSP – 120.Intersection of metamorphic rocks in BH No SSP-194 12 F15a- Oblique WNW - 0-5 NNE 275 Missing of seam Index – I in F15a ESE BH No. SSP – 116 Faulting of roof of seam ‘A’ and missing of seam Index – I BH No. SSP - 209
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2.7.4 Description of Coal Seams Coal Seams There are 6 Coal Seams and 20 Sections in the proposed expansion which are as follows. All the seams and sections are considered for extraction. All the seams are shown in the Figures 2.6 to 2.25.
Seam Proved Seam Sections Remarks D D3, D2, D1 All the seams and sections are C C7, C6, C5, C4, C3, C2, C1 considered for extraction B B7, B6, B5, B4, B3, B2, B1 Index – II --- Index - I --- A ---
2.7.5 Quality of Coal Seams Grading of coal The coal mined and marketed by the Singareni Collieries Company Limited (SCCL) is graded as per the Gazette Notification No. 22021/1/2008-CRC-II, DT. 30.12.2011, issued by Government of India to switch over from UHV based gradation system to GCV based system and in pursuance of the Colliery Control Order 2000, issued by the Govt. of India on 1st January 2000, the Grade- wise GCV based Basic prices of Run of Mine (ROM) coal of the Singareni Collieries Company Limited, excluding statutory levies w.e.f. “00.00” hours of 08.01.2012 are as shown below: Quality of Seams: The details of quality of coal seams are given in the Table 2.9. Table No.2.9 Quality of Seams in proposed JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion) Ave. In band Moisture GCV Ave. SEAM SECTION Depth range Thickness Mean Ash Range Range (k.cal. / Grade range Kg) D3 46.54 159.43 0.38 6.4 2.28 4.02 4.65 40.58 42.51 4015 G11 D2 36.89 150.9 0.11 1.67 0.55 4.28 5.03 36.57 42.74 4192 G11
- D Seam D1 46.54 159.43 0.6 6 2.84 3.4 4.24 41.1 48.61 3817 G12 C7 11.6 209.01 1.03 7.03 3.94 4.17 6.16 27.11 48.06 4031 G11 C6 16.5 215.94 0.57 4 1.73 3.75 8.35 31.93 47.8 3986 G12 C5 13.5 219.53 0.17 2.5 1.19 3.23 7.66 30.18 49.17 4062 G11 C4 17.24 222.77 0.1 1.8 0.9 3.26 5.41 37.02 48.42 4107 G11
- C Seam C3 20.96 226.97 0.34 1.9 1.07 3.61 7.61 33.52 49.38 4015 G11 C2 23.38 228.79 0.11 1.14 0.56 3.72 8.62 30.73 48.61 3895 G12 C1 18 226.62 0.11 3.39 1.84 3.17 8.4 33.58 50.76 3923 G12 B7 20.27 293.8 0.14 2 0.58 3.33 6.79 23.97 50.25 4430 G10 B6 20.45 298.9 0.09 2 0.65 3.76 7.59 24.47 50.47 4551 G10 B5 25.52 302.5 0.14 2.2 0.87 2.89 5.15 6 50.62 4344 G10 B4 15.42 276.2 0.15 2.3 0.56 2.52 9.7 30.48 51.26 3674 G13
- B Seam B3 9.87 321.3 0.05 3 0.93 2.56 7.13 34.3 50.94 3839 G12 B2 8.61 325.3 0.18 5.55 1.91 2.22 9.03 27.68 51.86 4072 G11 B1 5.2 330.7 0.4 8.03 5.04 2.61 10.36 27.81 48.88 4391 G10 Index-II 16.7 341.1 0.03 1.38 0.47 3.25 6.2 21.17 41.1 5070 G8 Index-I 16.2 348.6 0.15 7.74 2 2.35 20.07 49.07 4575 G10
Seam - A 8.68 352.2 3.4 13.4 9.7 3.03 7.45 13.67 43.76 5223 G7
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E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
Thickness computation: Based on the total percentage of Ash and Moisture content, the carbonaceous matter has been classified as below: Sl. No Ash%+Moisture% Classification 1 up to 40% Coal 2 40% to 55% Shaley Coal 3 55% to 65% Low Carbonaceous Shale 4 65% to 75% High Carbonaceous Shale 5 Above 75% Non combustible band
In-band thickness: The in-band thickness of the seams is computed by considering coal, shaly coal low carbonaceous shales and high carbonaceous shales up to 1.0 m. thickness within the seam. The non-combustible bands like sandstones, clays, shales and carb. Clays etc. which are having more than 0.05 m thickness are excluded from the computation of in-band thickness. 2.8 MINING PROCESS DETAILS The project is a coal producing unit referred to as a Coal mine. The coal mining will be carried out by mechanized opencast method using shovel-dumper technology. The coal produced in surface mining is dispatched to the identified customers namely Power houses, Cement industries, fertilizer industries, and other units. The process details of open cast/surface mining are given hereunder. Opencast mining involves following operations: · Removal of topsoil form quarry area and beneath external dump area, storing it separately in earmarked dumpsite and utilizing it for spreading on dumps after attaining the final profile in order to take up plantation. · Removal of overlying earthen strata (overburden) by drilling & blasting operations and dumping at the earmarked site i.e. external and internal dumps by dumpers/dump trucks and inter-lying overburden using dragline. · Excavation of coal is by shovel-dumper combination after drilling and blasting. · Transportation of coal from quarry to surface by dumpers/dump trucks, washing of low grade coal in the integrated coal washery and subsequent dispatch to end users. · Back filling/internal dumping of overburden within the quarry area after sufficient de- coaled area is formed. · Phase-wise plantation over the external dump area and back filled area of the quarry after stabilization and spreading of topsoil.
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E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
Mining Process Flow Sheet
2.9 EQUIPMENT CONFIGURATION In the present proposal, it is envisaged to remove the total OB by out-sourcing including thin coal seams throughout the life of the project. However, the remaining coal will be by deploying departmental HEMM throughout the life of the project. It is proposed to deploy two Nos. of 3.0 m3 hydraulic backhoes with 4.5 m3 bucket capacity of HEMM to excavate the coal in combination with 50-60t dumper. The requirement of major equipment for the project as per present proposal:
Sl. No Particulars No. A OVER BURDEN (Out sourcing): 1. 10 Cum Excavators 14 2. 5 Cum Excavators 3 3. 100 T Dumpers 126 4. 35T Dumpers 24 5. 12-16 kl Water Sprinklers 8 6. 150 HP Dozers 8 7. 165 HP Motor Graders 6 8. 150 mm Drills 16 B COAL (Department): 1 3 m3 Diesel Hydraulic Shovel 2 2 50-60 t Rear Dumpers 18 3 150-160 mm High speed, steep gradient Drills 2 4 410 HP Dozer 3
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E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
Sl. No Particulars No. C COMMON: 1 280HP Motor Grader, 2 2 40 t Crane, 1 3 20 t Crane, 1 4 8/10 t Crane, 3 5 1 m3 Diesel Backhoe 1 6 5 - 6 m3 FEL 2 7 Diesel Bowsers 2 8 Fire Tender 1 9 Tyre Handler 1 10 28 kl Water Sprinkler 2 11 Mobile Maintenance Van 3 12 Explosive van 2 D RECLAMATION 1 280 Hp Motor Graders 1 2 410 Hp Dozer 1 3 28 kl Water Sprinkler 1 4 Farm Truck 1
2.10 CALENDAR PROGRAMME OF COAL AND OVERBURDEN REMOVAL The year-wise coal production and overburden removal along with average stripping ratios of the project are given below.
Calendar plan of coal production and OB removal
JVR OC-I Expn. JVR OCP-II Total Sl.No Stage Year Coal OB S/R Coal OB S/R Coal OB S/R 1 Y-1 2018-19 4.10 15.00 3.66 3.50 25.91 7.40 7.60 40.91 5.38 2 Y-2 2019-20 3.00 6.21 2.07 5.00 24.44 4.89 8.00 30.65 3.83 3 Y-3 2020-21 10.00 51.63 5.16 10.00 51.63 5.16 4 Y-4 2021-22 10.00 47.09 4.71 10.00 47.09 4.71 5 Y-5 2022-23 10.00 47.31 4.73 10.00 47.31 4.73 6 Y-6 2023-24 10.00 38.67 3.87 10.00 38.67 3.87 7 Y-7 2024-25 10.00 38.67 3.87 10.00 38.67 3.87 8 Y-8 2025-26 10.00 38.67 3.87 10.00 38.67 3.87 9 Y-9 2026-27 10.00 38.68 3.87 10.00 38.68 3.87 10 Y-10 2027-28 10.00 38.68 3.87 10.00 38.68 3.87 11 Y-11 2028-29 10.00 45.77 4.58 10.00 45.77 4.58 12 Y-12 2029-30 10.00 45.77 4.58 10.00 45.77 4.58 13 Y-13 2030-31 10.00 45.77 4.58 10.00 45.77 4.58 14 Y-14 2031-32 10.00 45.77 4.58 10.00 45.77 4.58 15 Y-15 2032-33 10.00 45.76 4.58 10.00 45.76 4.58 16 Y-16 2033-34 10.00 43.06 4.31 10.00 43.06 4.31 17 Y-17 2034-35 10.00 43.06 4.31 10.00 43.06 4.31 18 Y-18 2035-36 10.00 43.06 4.31 10.00 43.06 4.31 19 Y-19 2036-37 10.00 43.07 4.31 10.00 43.07 4.31 20 Y-20 2037-38 10.00 43.07 4.31 10.00 43.07 4.31 21 Y-21 2038-39 10.00 40.07 4.01 10.00 40.07 4.01 22 Y-22 2039-40 7.50 30.06 4.01 7.50 30.06 4.01 23 Y-23 2040-41 7.50 30.06 4.01 7.50 30.06 4.01 24 Y-24 2041-42 6.50 26.05 4.01 6.50 26.05 4.01 25 Y-25 2042-43 6.50 26.05 4.01 6.50 26.05 4.01 26 Y-26 2043-44 5.00 16.57 3.31 5.00 16.57 3.31 27 Y-27 2044-45 4.00 13.26 3.32 4.00 13.26 3.32 28 Y-28 2045-46 2.91 9.65 3.32 2.91 9.65 3.32 Total 7.10 21.21 2.99 238.41 1025.68 4.30 245.51 1046.89 4.26
Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 2-15
E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
Total available balance extractable Coal reserves are 245.50 Mt and OB is 1046.89 Mm3 with a stripping ratio of 1: 4.26. It is envisaged to attain the rated output by the end of 3rd year. The Life of the Project is 28 years from base year i.e. 2018-19. 2.11 DRILLING AND BLASTING The blast parameters have been established after actual field trials considering the local geo-mining conditions. Whenever the mine boundary approaches the danger zone of 300m from villages/dwellings/structures etc., controlled blasting and vibration study have to be conducted by scientific agency for relaxation of danger zone, i.e, to work within 300m. Drilling and blasting operations are proposed to be carried out in a way that they facilitate the separation in coal and OB removal process. These operations may be suitably modified to ensure separation in mining of coal and OB and to suit local site conditions. However, based on experience on coal measure rocks of similar characteristics, it is proposed that spacing, burden and depth for 150 mm Dia holes: OB / Coal : 6 X 5 X 6 for Coal and 5X4X6 for OB. Ground vibration produced by blasting depends on various factors namely, a) Geology of the strata. b) Maximum charge per delay. c) Distance of blast point to observation station, Site-specific constants vary from site to site. However, as per DGMS Technical circular no.7, dated 29.8.97, depending on the type of structures and the dominant excitation frequency, the peak particle velocity (PPV) on the ground adjacent to structures should not exceed the values given below: Permissible peak particle velocity (PPV) at the foundation level of structures in mining areas (in mm/sec). (Figs. mm/sec) Dominant excitation frequency, Type Of Structures < 8 Hz 8 – 25 Hz >25 Hz (A) Building/Structures not belonging to Owner, Domestic houses/ structures (kachha, brick & cement) 5 10 15 Industrial buildings (RCC & framed structures). Objects of historical importance and sensitive 10 20 25 structures. 2 5 10 (B) Building belonging to owner with limited span of life, Domestic houses/structures (kachha, 10 15 25 brick & cement). Industrial buildings (RCC & framed structures). 15 25 50 For the controlled blasting operations, the following will be considered in general: 1) Distance between blasting point and the structure to be protected will be earmarked. 2) Free face will always be maintained. 3) In multi row blasting, greater relief will be provided between rows using suitable delay intervals. 4) Proper use of different type of relay detonator for proper sequencing of the blast will be used. Non-electric down-the-hole detonators will be used. 5) All loose debris will be cleared off the blasting site. For the reduction of ground vibrations, in addition to the above, the following will be considered in general. a) Blasting design and initiation pattern shall be such that the maximum charge per delay is within the stipulated range. b) Wherever possible, the progress of detonating holes, through delay intervals, should progress away from the structures to be protected.
Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 2-16
E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
c) Burden and spacing should be to the requirement. d) Blasting should be avoided during cloudy days and when the wind is blowing towards structures. Both coal and overburden require drilling and blasting prior to excavation. 2 nos. of 150- 160 mm High speed, steep gradient drills (for maneuvering on steep gradients) are proposed for drilling on coal. For drilling on OB benches, drills are provided separately by off-loading agencies. 2.12 EXPLOSIVE CONSUMPTION & MAGAZINE CAPACITY The following specific consumption of explosives has been adopted for estimating the annual requirement of explosives: OB benches - 0.32 kg/m3 Coal benches - 0.23 kg/m3 The above specific consumption of explosives for coal and OB has been considered for the project report preparation and is based on the consumption pattern in existing mines. These figures may be suitably modified to ensure desired fragmentation during actual blasting operation and to suit the local site conditions. Based on powder factor and calendar programme of excavation, the maximum requirement of explosive will be 30-40 tonnes/day including that required for outsourcing OB removal and secondary blasting. Explosives will be stored, transported, handled and used in accordance with Indian Explosive Act 1884 & Rules 2008, MSIHC Rules 2000, Mines Act, 1952 and regulations there under. Existing Explosive magazine is being used for storing of explosives. It is proposed to establish a new magazine for which land and fund provision is made. Explosives will be transported in explosive vans approved by Chief controller of Explosives. 2.13 ENERGY REQUIREMENT The source of power for the Project is from 132 kV sub-station of Penuballi village at a distance of 16 km. The total Power requirement for this Project is about 8,722 kVA. The estimated maximum demand and energy consumption at optimum production level after considering power factor improvement by capacitors and diversity factor. The main indices are as under: Connected load : 14557 kW Load in operation : 14005 kW Active load : 10012 kW Annual energy consumption : 34558520kVAh System power factor : ³ 0.96 Consumption/tonne of coal : 3.46 kVAh 2.14 COAL WASHERY 2.14.1 Location Coal Washery of 4.00 Mt Capacity at proposed Jalagam Vengala Rao Opencast Mine-(I&II Expansion) is planned to establish in 13.03 ha within the project area. The estimated cost of the project is around Rs.80 crores. Washed coal will be separated into two products - clean coal (55.89%) and slurry cake (10%). Rejects to an extent of 34.11% will either be sold out to users or will be accommodated in the OB dumps. Establishment and operation of coal washery will be taken up for continuous operation and with zero effluent discharge system at the site. The proposed washing technique, i.e., Jig & Drum Washing, which is an internationally accepted ‘state of art technology’ to deal with weighted average ash content of 47 % (ranges from 40 to 52%), non-coking coals of SCCL on Build Own & Operate (BOO) basis. There are no national parks, wild life sanctuary, eco-sensitive areas and major rivers within 10 km radius of the coal washery. The washery area does not come under industrial area. The layout plan of coal washery is shown in Figure No.2.28. Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 2-17
E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 2-18
E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
2.14.2 Source of Raw Coal The ROM Coal (-250) mm Size will be received from the project or any other mines of SCCL. Transportation of raw coal from coal mines to washery complex is done by trucks. After weighment of the truck, the ROM coal will be received either at raw coal stock yard/raw coal bunker through the raw coal ramp at the height of 7-8 m approx. 2.14.3 Coal Washing Arrangements A washery is proposed to wash the average G-12 grade coal to attain G-9 grade coal with 65.89% yield. The important parameters of the coal washery are as follows. Important Parameters Technology : Jig and Drum Washing Proposed Land requirement (ha) : 13.03 Green belt area (ha) : 4.30 Transportation of raw coal : Belt conveyors/Dumpers/trucks Plant Capacity Mtpa : 4.00 The minimum guaranteed quantity of raw : 3.32 Mtpa coal to be offered by SCCL per year Minimum quantity to be delivered by : 9000 t SCCL per day for washing purpose (Ranging from 8500 t-9500 t) Stock raw coal capacity at Washery : 1-day capacity SCCL supplies raw coal of 47% weighted average Ash percentage for washing of coal (Ash percentage ranging from 40% to 52%, Standard moisture 5%, Total moisture 11%). 2.14.4 List of equipment required for coal washery The details of the equipment are as given below: S No. Sub-Head Unit Qty Capacity A Plant & Structures : 1. Raw Coal Ramp Structure Lot 1 2. All types of Structural steel works including Lot 1 Conveyor Structure, Gantry, Trestle, Transfer house, Technological structure, Chutes, Hoppers, Stores, Vehicle shed etc. 3. Crusher House Structure (Primary + No 2 Secondary) 4. Washery Building Structure No 2 5. All types of Workshop structure i.e. Lot 1 Mechanical, Electrical, Auto Garage, Pump House, Electrical sub-station etc. 6. Raw Coal & Washed Coal Strorage Structures Lot 1 B List of Mechanical Equipments : 1. Primary Crusher No 1 300 TPH 2. Double Roll Crusher No 2 400 TPH 3. Desliming Screen No 2 400 TPH 4. Sizing Screen No 1 400 TPH 5. Clean Coal Dewatering Screen No 2 300 TPH 6. Reject Coal Dewatering Screen No 2 300 TPH 7. HF Screen No 2 300 TPH 8. Thickener No 2 15M Dia 9. Magnetic Separator No 1 25 TPH 10. Drum Washer No 1 250 TPH 11. Batac Jig No 1 600 TPH 12. Belt Press No 2 10 TPH 13. Classifing Cyclone No 2 25 TPH 14. Vibrating Feeders Lot 1 300 TPH Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 2-19
E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
S No. Sub-Head Unit Qty Capacity 15. Flocuulent Dozing System for Belt Press No 2 16. Compressors for Instrument & plant air No 2 17. Belt Conveyors & Accessories (Approx Lot 1 Length: 800 RM) 18. Slurry Pumps Lot 1 19. Water Pumps Lot 1 20. Piping Fittings and Valves Lot 1 21. Passenger and Good Lift Capacity 18 No 2 Persons or 02 MT 22. Weigh Bridge 60 MT No 6 60 MT 23. Auto Sampling System No 2 24. Gates (Flap and Clam Shell) Lot 1 25. Electrical and Mechanical hoist Lot 1 26. Metal detector and Suspended magnets No 2 27. Online Ash & Moisture Analyzer No 2 28. Belt Weigh Scale No 2 29. Fire fighting& fire detection system Lot 1 30. Workshop Equipment Lot 1 31. Lab Equipment Lot 1 32. Misc and Auxiliary Lot 1 33. Comissioning Spares Lot 1 C List of Electricial & Instrumentation Equipments : 1. 11 kV O/H transmission line with all Lot 1 accessories 2. Power Transformers Lot 1 3. Motor Control including ACB and other Lot 1 accessories 4. Cables along with Accessories Lot 1 5. Capacitor Banks Lot 1 6. Earthing Material / Systems Lot 1 7. Motors Lot 1 8. Miscellaneous Items Lot 1 9. Control Room & Instrumentation Lot 1 10. Communication System Lot 1 11. HT Switching Lot 1 12. Illumination System Lot 1 13. Battery & Battery Charger Lot 1 14. Density Gauge/Meter No 1 15. Level Transmitter (Radar / Ultrasonic) No 1 16. Magnetic Flow Meter No 1 17. Auxiliary, DG Set Lot 1 D List of civil items: 1. All types of Buildings i.e. Admin. Building, Lot 1 LAB, Time office, Canteen, Rest Shelter, Store Office, Pump House etc. 2. All Types of Ponds i.e. Fresh Water, Process Lot 1 Water, Reserve Water, Slurry Setting, Settling Ponds etc. 3. Boundary wall, Road, Drainage etc. Lot 1 E List of Furniture & Fittings : 1. Furniture and Fittings for Office Lot 1
Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 2-20
E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
2.14.5 Arrangement for Receiving of Coal at Washery. Bunkers of 2500 t will be provided for receiving (-) 250 mm size raw coal by trucks/belt @ not less than 600 TPH. Alternate arrangements for receiving ROM coal by installing a feeder breaker of suitable capacity is made by the outsourced agency. Such ROM coal quantity shall not exceed 30% of the daily scheduled quantity on any given day. Excess quantities are dumped in the coal yard of washery. Arrangements will be made by the washing agency to re-handle the coal for washing purpose on their own. 2.14.5.1 Hand Picking Arrangements will be made for hand picking of Stone from raw coal on slow moving belts, before crushing & the handpicked Stone/shale is to be delivered day wise, separately. Stone picked out at Washery will be used for toe walls, rock filled dams etc and remaining quantities accommodated in OB dump yards. 2.14.5.2 Screening Preliminary screening of raw coal supplied by SCCL at around 0 to 250 mm size is done by providing “ all season screens" . 2.14.5.3 Crushing Purpose of the crushing is to reduce the Run of Mine (ROM) coal to a size suitable for washing and, size reduction involving various principles such as compression, impact, shearing, splitting and attrition. Crushing reduces the overall top size of the ROM coal so that it can be more easily handled and processed. Suitable crushing arrangements will be made at washery for crushing the raw coal, to around (-) 50mm size, with minimum generation of coal fines, in the process of crushing. 2.14.5.4 Washed Coal Washed coal will be separated into two products - clean coal (55.89%) and slurry cake (10%). After crushing and screening, washed G9 grade coal is transported by one stream of overland conveyor belts to the GL bunker. From the GL bunker, washed coal from washery is transported to Pre-Weigh Bins through a belt conveyor for lorry loading. Excess quantities are transported to the designated clean coal yard with in the washery premises. After completion of proposed railway line works and proposed CHP, coal is transported to end users by rail through CHP. It is ensured that clean coal will not be get contaminated with any foreign material. Proper fencing of the yard is to be arranged and maintained. Suitable ramp will be constructed to receive raw coal which can withstand the movement of heavy trucks for delivery of coal when planned through trucks. Internal Asphalt / RCC roads will be provided within the washer’s compound to facilitate movement of trucks for transportation of raw coal / washed coal / rejects etc. It is also planned to transport the clean coal to proposed CHP through belt conveyor for rail transport to end users. 2.14.5.5 Rejects Rejects to an extent of 34.11% yield be sold out to power plants and unsalable rejects will be accommodated in the OB dumps. SCCl and TSGENCO have entered MoU for utilization of washed coal. Efforts will also be made to have linkage arrangements with FBC based thermal power plants for disposal of middling and rejects of coal washery . Coal Washery Technology- Description of Plant Based on the test results of coal, qualitative requirement of clean coal and limitation of the various technologies Batac Jig & Drum washer technology was considered for coal washing. Total plant capacity is 4.00 MTPA with each circuit have 2.0 MTPA capacity. The washery is mainly divided into three sections: · Pre washing section · Washing section and · Post washing section
Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 2-21
E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
Pre washing section Raw coal will be received at raw coal bunkers, fitted with Inclined bar grizzly at their top to allow (-200) mm size coal in to the conveyor COA & COB. Conveyor COA & COB will feed the (-200) mm coal to conveyor C1 & C2. Oversize coal will pass over the grizzly in to the conveyor C3 which will feed to Primary crusher. The oversize coal is crushed to (-200) mm size in primary roll crusher and feed to conveyor C1 & C2 through C3A belt conveyor with two way chute with provision of flap gate. Manual picking arrangement for shale/inferior coal will be provided on this conveyor C1 & C2 and dump at stone dumping area. Finally Belt Conveyors C1 & C2 will convey the entire Raw Coal size (-200) mm to the Crusher House to feed respective grizzly of each Stream. Each grizzly will have a suitable screen aperture to scalp 50mm size coal. Undersize of the grizzly will be fed, through chutes on to Belt Conveyors C4 & C5, whereas the grizzly oversize will be chuted through to feed to the respective Double roll crusher to crush down to 50mm size, Finally, the sized (-) 50mm coal received on conveyors C4&C5 will be fed to 2 streams of washery for further beneficiation process. 2.14.5.6 Washing Section Crushed coal of size (-) 50 mm is envisaged to be treated in coal washery to upgrade the material for making it suitable for use, The washery is envisaged for one circuit of Batac Jig and another circuit of Drum Washer for beneficiation. The flow rate to specific sections of the plant based on available data shall be as follows: Sr. No Description Size 01) Design Conditions Feed tonnage to the : (Total 800 TPH to 2 Streams) 400 TPH/ Stream Washery section 02) Size of Feed to Batac Jig Washery (0 - 50) mm. section: 03) Size of Feed to Drum Washer Washery (+25 - 50) mm: The proposed Batac Jig plant will process coal 0 to 50 mm size for beneficiation whereas - 0.5 mm size coal will be processed by Lamella Thickener for dewatering. The proposed Drum Washer plant will process coal +25 to 50 mm size for beneficiation. All the major wet processing equipment including Batac Jig, Drum Washer, Lamella Thickener, Classifying Cyclone, HF Screen, Belt Press, Slurry pumps, D&R screen, Magnetic separators, Density Control System etc will be housed in a 4 - Deck technological building made of steel structures which will be covered by G.I. sheeting for preventing air pollution and for noise abatement. The equipment will be indigenous. 2.14.5.7 Batac Jigs ~50 mm size coal received on conveyors C5 will be fed in to Desliming screen through feed chute where coal mix with water. +0.5 to 50 mm size coal will be fed into the Batac jig for beneficiation & -0.5 mm size coal will pass on to settling ponds for further processed by Lameila Thickener for dewatering. The proposed Drum Washer plant will process coal +25 to 50 mm size for beneficiation. Undersize (-25) mm coal feed into the Batac Jig circuit for beneficiation. Both the products i.e. clean coal & reject coal are dewatered by means of dewatering screens and dispatched by clean coal conveyor C7 to the overhead clean coal bunkers & reject coal conveyor C9 to the overhead reject coal bunkers. The underflow from Batac jig and D&R screens is collected in settling ponds for further processed by Lamella Thickener for dewatering. 2.14.5.8 Drum Washer ~50 mm size coal received on conveyors C4 will be fed in to Sizing screen. Under size (-) 25mm coal will fed to Batac jig circuit and oversize coal +25 to 50mm will be fed to Desliming screen where coal mix with water.
Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 2-22
E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
Thus the final +25mm to 50mm size coal is fed to the drum washer through desliming screen for beneficiation, while passing through heavy media contained in the drum washer, the coal is divided into layers of coal which are released in two working sections as desired clean coal & rejects, Both the products i.e, clean coal & reject coal are dewatered by means of dewatering screens and dispatched by clean coal conveyor C6 to the overhead clean coal bunkers & reject coal conveyor C8 to the overhead reject coal bunkers. The underflow from Drum washer and D&R screens is collected in dilute media sump and underflow from desliming screen will collect in settling ponds for further processed by Lamella Thickener for dewatering. 2.14.5.9 Media handling and recovery system Media is used for providing a heavy liquid in which coal below the cut density can float. In Drum washer plants this media is prepared by mixing finely ground magnetite with water. This media is recovered back from the clean coal and rejects stream and reused in the washing circuit. Media coal mixture from the Drum washer is fed to rejects and clean coal D & R screens for magnetite recovery. Underflow from Rinse section catch pan of screens is fed to the Dilute Media Tank. However, this slurry is more dilute than the required media due to the addition of water ‘on the screens for rinsing. Media from the Dilute Media tank is first fed to a magnetic separator which recovers magnetite from the thinned stream. Recovered magnetite is fed to a dense media tank from where it is again used for mixing media with coal for processing, Density control system is provided for continuously maintaining the density of the media in the. Drum washer feed line by addition of water as required. 2.14.5.10 Process water handling and recovery system Process water is mainly used in screen rinsing. LIMS underflow, which is stripped of magnetite, contains most of the water from the circuit. This underflow will then be used as shower box water on Deslime and D&R Screens.
Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 2-23
E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
Process Flow sheet of coal washery
Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 2-24
E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
Process flow sheet of coal washery Batac Jigs
Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderaba 2-25
E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
Process flow sheet of coal washery Drum Washer
Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderaba 2-26
E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
2.14.5.11 Coal fines treatment section (-) 0.5 mm size coal is segregated by de-sliming screen is collected in settling ponds. Slurry from settling pond is sent to classifying/dewatering cyclone. Underflow of cyclones is fed to high frequency (HF) screen for dewatering. Overflow of dewatering cyclones and underflow of HF screen is fed to thickener. The overflow from the thickener is used back in the plant as process water and the thickener underflow is sent to the belt filter through a pumping system to recover the water. Two flocculent dosing systems are installed to control the quality of water in thickener overflow for reuse in the Plant and for belt filter system. Losses of water In Products and Operation are made up in the Process water tank by addition of makeup water, which is greatly reduced due to the provision for water recycling. A Thickener underflow bypass line is envisaged for emergency draining to a Tailing pond. 2.14.5.12 Post Washing Section Clean coal will be collected on clean coal conveyor C6 & C7 and fed to clean coal bunker. The Coarse Rejects of washery shall be collected on reject conveyor C8 & C9 and fed to reject coal bunker. The fines (HF Screen oversize and belt press cake) will be collected from respective stream’s Fine Reject Conveyor. Finally the fines will be discharged through a transfer conveyor to reject conveyor and fed to reject bunker.
2.14.5.13 Delivery Arrangement The washed coal will be transported to the proposed CHP bunkers through belt conveyors/ designated clean coal yard with in the washery by the plant operator. The clean coal will be stocked in the yard in day wise lots, till the results of the coal samples are finalized. SCCL will provide sufficient area to facilitate stocking of clean coal in day wise lots and will be lifted as it is on first in first out basis. After finalization of the clean coal quality, SCCL will make its own arrangements for lifting and transporting of the clean coal through weighbridge established by washing agency and account the clean coal yield. Plant operator will transport the handpicked stones through Weigh Bridge to the stone yard designated by SCCL within a distance of around 1 km from the washery complex. Plant operator will transport the rejects through Weigh Bridge to the coal handling plant. The Slurry from the cleaning ponds will be separated and caked by the coal washery for delivering the same to the SCCL on accumulation basis and the plant operator will transport the same through weighbridge to designated yard provided by SCCL within a distance of around 1 km from the washery complex.
2.15 LAND REQUIREMENT 2.15.1 Land Requirement, Ownership and Acquisition Status: Total land requirement for the project is 1953.46 ha, which includes 1910.09 ha. of project area and 43.37 ha. of colony. The land ownership and acquisition details are furnished hereunder:
Land Ownership and Acquisition Status Sl. No. Land Ownership Project Area in ha. Already acquired i Private land 387.41 ii Govt. Land 173.45 iii Forest land 1156.72 TOTAL 1717.58
Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 2-27
E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
To be Acquired i Private land 172.80 ii Govt. Land 63.08 iii Forest land 0.00 TOTAL 235.88
Total Land requirement for the project 1953.46 2.15.2 Pre-Mining Land Use Pattern The pre-mining land use pattern in the total mine take area is as mentioned below: Pre-Mining Land Use Pattern Within ML Outside ML Total Sl. No. Land owner ship Land use Area Area Extent (ha) 1 Tenancy/ Agriculture 499.45 22.57 522.02 Private Grazing 0.00 0.00 Water Body 23.08 23.08 Roads 7.38 7.38 Villages 7.73 7.73 Sub-Total 537.64 22.57 560.21 2 Govt. Land Agriculture 192.29 192.29 Grazing 3.75 3.75 Water Body 14.21 14.21 Roads 4.86 4.86 Villages 0.62 0.62 Waste Land 20.80 20.80 Sub-Total 215.73 20.80 236.53 3 Forest Land Reserve 1156.72
Sub-Total 1156.72 1156.72 Total 1910.09 43.37 1953.46
This proposed project area does not fall under Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) area. There are no national parks, wild life sanctuary, eco-sensitive areas and major rivers within 10 km radius of the project boundary. Pre mining land use plan is shown in Figure No.2.26. The project area does not come under any industrial area. 2.15.3 Land Requirement Total land requirement of the project is 1953.46 ha.(1910.09 ha of ML area and 43.37 ha land required for colony). The land utilization for various activities of the project including coal washery is given in Table No. 2.10. Table No. 2.10 Land use details of the project including washery Sl. Forest Land Non-Forest Description Total (ha) No (ha) land (ha) 1 Excavation Area 793.90 236.97 1030.87 2 External Dump 192.09 314.96 507.05 Safe Distance Including Tanks, 3 119.72 99.71 219.43 Drains & Bund 4 Road & Infrastructure Area
i. CHP & Coal Yard 22.33 0.00 22.33
ii. Mine Service Facilities 15.95 32.37 48.32
iii. Coal Washery 0.00 13.03 13.03
iv. Road Diversion 12.73 6.24 18.97
Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 2-28
E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
v. Proposed Railway Siding 0.00 43.15 43.15
vi. Magazine 0.00 6.94 6.94
Sub-total 51.01 96.37 152.74
5 Colony 0.00 43.37 43.37 Total Area 1156.72 796.74 1953.46
Project area is 1910.09 ha and available mining lease is 1820.24 ha. Mining lease is to be obtained for balance area of 89.85 ha. Further 43.37 ha land is required for colony, which is non-forest land and outside the project area. Total extent of proposed Jalagam Vengala Rao Opencast Mine (I& II Expansion) is 1953.46 ha. Proposed land requirement plan is shown in Figure No.2.27. A plan showing land use during mining operations is shown as Figure No. 2.27 A. Land Use for Coal Washery The land required for establishing coal washery within the project is 13.03 ha as shown in the above table. The land utilization for various activities of coal washery is given in Table No. 2.10 A. Table No. 2.10 A Coal washery Land details S. No. Description Area in ha 1 Plant area 1.4 2 Roads 2.0 3 Service buildings 2.1 4 Rain water harvesting pond with storm water drains 1.05 5 Washed coal and rejects stacking area 1.00 6 Green belt area 4.30 7 Slurry settlement ponds 0.82 8 Reserve for raw water storage tank 0.36 Total 13.03
2.16 ENERGY CONSERVATION MEASURES The following important points have been considered for proper utilization of energy while selecting the machinery for various purposes of the project. 2.16.1 Power Factor Improvement The improvement of the power factor of the system will reduce the losses of energy and maximum demand of the project. Hence, suitable capacitor banks have been provided on the secondary side of the power transformers for improvement of the power factor above 0.95. 2.16.2 Energy Meters Energy meters will be fitted separately to the main feeders. This will help in measuring the power consumption by various groups of machinery and to bring awareness and take necessary steps for proper improvement of the system. 2.16.3 Selection of High Voltage Equipment and Transmission Power will be transmitted from the sub-station to high voltage machinery and distribution transformers at 3.3 KV through short and convenient routes. Transmission of power and operation of machinery at high voltage will reduce the loss of energy. 2.16.4 Selection and Adjustment of Transformer loads Transformer cores made of steel of high silicon content and of thin lamination will be used for minimizing the constant losses i.e., core or iron losses since the transformers will
Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 2-29
E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion) always be working irrespective of the amount of load connected to it i.e on varying load and no load conditions. 2.16.5 L.T. Motors The L.T. Motor will operate at 550 V. The supply to these motors will be fed from unitized transformers. 2.16.6 Illumination The working areas of the quarry and haul road etc are illuminated with energy efficient Sodium Vapor lamps mounted on 4 m to 14 m high towers installed along the edge of the quarry as well as at workplaces. 3.3 kV/230V. 50/25 A, transformers are provided for feeding lighting loads of the quarry. At remote areas illumination is provided with the help of portable diesel generator sets. The power for lighting of roads, stores, workshop etc., will be drawn from 315 kVA, 3.3 kV/ 415 V-550 V transformers installed at the Sub-station. 2.16.7 Efficiency Care will be taken to select only the high efficiency equipment and machinery to effect saving in energy consumption. 2.16.8 General The philosophy of conserving will be inculcated in people by suitable circulars, posters etc., so as to be prompt in switching off lights, fans, air coolers, air conditioners etc. in cabins, offices and other department, whenever not needed. 2.17 COAL EVACUATION FROM THE PIT AND TRANSPORTATION In the proposed Jalagam Vengala Rao Opencast Mine (I&II Expansion) blasted coal is transported from the coal benches of the quarry to the pit head CHP by Dumpers and Dump trucks. At the proposed mine, extraction of coal will be done by deploying departmental HEMM. For this, it is planned to deploy two No. of 3.0 m3 hydraulic backhoe shovels with 4.5 m3 bucket capacity in combination with eighteen No.s 60 t dumpers. In addition ancillary equipment like drills, dozers, motor graders, water sprinklers, cranes etc will be deployed. In addition to the coal transport by dumpers deployed by the SCCL, thin intermittent bands of coal is loaded and transported by OB outsourcing agencies by deploying shovels and dumpers. Haul roads of adequate stipulated dimensions are provided in the mine for transport of coal, men and material. For transportation of coal, presently existing coal handling plant (CHP) facilities of JVR OC- I project are also being utilized for JVR Opencast Project-II. Dumpers after loaded in the quarry, feed coal into the hoppers of 3 X 500 TPH capacity feeder breakers at CHP which are connected to 1 X 60 kW and 2 X 75 kW capacities cross level belt conveyors of each 1000 mm width and 50 m long. These three level belt conveyors are in turn connected to 2 X 125 HP elevated gantry belt conveyors which discharges coal into Pre-weigh Bin Bunkers of 1 X 300 t and 1 X 150 t capacities. In addition, 1 X 30 t bunker is also in operation, in to which coal is discharged from 1 X 500 TPH feeder breaker through 1 X 45 kW belt conveyor. From Pre-weigh bin bunker, coal is being transported through lorries/tippers mainly to the Kothagudem RCHP for wagon loading and partially issued as pit head delivery to the private firms. Existing system of Coal transportation i. In pit : From Quarry to pit head CHP feeder breakers by Dumpers/Trucks. ii. Surface to CHP (Siding) : From pit head CHP, Sathupalli to RCHP, Kothagudem by Road. iii. CHP (Siding) to : By Rail from RCHP, Kothagudem. Consumers
Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 2-30
E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
Proposed system of Coal transportation; The proposed coal transport system is followed after completion of railway line works. Railway line of 54.1km length from the proposed JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion), Sathupalli to RCHP, Kothagudem is under construction. In pit : From Quarry to pit head CHP, Sathupalli by Dump Trucks. Surface (CHP) to Rail way : By Belt Conveyors Siding, Sathupalli Siding to Consumers : By Rail Keeping in view the upcoming projects and handling of higher coal capacities, re-designing of CHP with Railway siding has been considered. The proposed system of coal transportation in JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion) involves following activities: i) Construction of railway line from Bhadrachalam Road to Sathupally ii) Construction of railway siding at Sathupally iii) Construction of CHP near railway siding, Sathupally. The proposed CHP will have following features: a) The belt conveyor system will have two streams, one stream caters to G-9 coal and second stream for washed G-9 coal. b) Total 6 Nos. of crushers are proposed, out of which 3 Nos. for g-9 grade and 3 Nos for G-12 grade coal. c) 3 Nos. of crushers for G-12 grade coal will feed crushed coal in to 3 Nos. 100 T lorry loading bunkers for subsequent transport to washery after weighment in 2 Nos. lorry weigh bridges. The proposal is to install a rapid loading system through surge hoppers for fast evacuation of coal at the project. The proposed CHP will have elevated bunkers (24000 t capacity, with three partitions of 8000 t) to store and dispatch either G9, Washed G9, or even G12 in case of failure of washery. Silos (RCC) are provided for fast loading of Wagons. There will be two stage crushing with 900 tph Primary Sizers and 1800 tph Secondary Sizers for (-)100mm. Apron feeders are provided near sizers instead of belt conveyors. The coal after crushing will be sent to the surge hoppers from which it is loaded in to the wagons through traverse telescopic chutes in a rapid loading arrangement. Thus, the entire system has been envisaged with two streams of belt conveyors. It will carry the coal of three grades, but at a time only two grades can be transported for storage in to main storage bunkers. All three grades of coal will be stored in three designated compartments as shown in the system drawing. Lay out diagrams of the proposed coal washery, CHP arrangement and coal transport system are shown as Fig. No. 2.28, 2.29 and 2.30 respectively. The works relating to construction of railway line, railway siding and CHP are likely to be completed in two years. Hence, it is proposed to continue with the existing system of coal transportation in the proposed project i.e., from JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion), Sathupally to RCHP, Kothagudem through road mode for initial period of two years. 2.18 MANPOWER REQUIREMENT Average daily attendance required for Jalagam Vengala Rao Opencast Mine (I & II Expansion) to achieve the rated production of 10.00 MTPA is estimated to be 433. After considering absenteeism towards authorized leave, sick etc., the men on roll for the project will be 506 excluding Area level. Contractor manpower will be around 800 man shifts per day.
Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 2-31
E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
Total manpower requirement as per technological requirement for operation and maintenance of raw coal receiving arrangement up to loading and dispatch of products has been estimated as 200. The above manpower will be required for operation & maintenance of plant for 03 shift operation. While estimating the manpower, multidisciplinary/ multi trade functions and group operation of equipment have been envisaged.
2.19 WATER REQUIREMENT No external water source is required for the proposed project. The seepage water in the quarry, which is pumped out in the process of coal mining will only be utilized for meeting water requirements of the project. The water that comes out of strata in the mine during mining activity will be collected at identified sumps and will be pumped to surface by means of suitable capacity pumps. The planning of de-watering the mine has been done in such a way that the working faces and haul roads will remain dry as far as possible. The pumping capacity is planned to deal with peak rainfall on a particular day. The water treated in slow sand filters followed by disinfectants will be utilized for drinking washing, bathing etc. The total mine discharge water to be pumped out during initial operation of the proposed project will be 7118 KLD. Water requirement for Jalagam Vengala Rao Opencast Mine (I & II Expansion) including coal washery will be 3220 KLD.
Sl. No. Water Utilization Details Revised 1 Total water to be pumped out 7118 2 Utilization a. For project Dust Suppression 2350 Washing of HEMM 60 Green belt 100 Domestic Use 90 Sub-Total 2600 b. For Coal Washery 620 Total 3220 3 Excess water let out 3898 The water required for industrial purposes such as dust suppression, washing of HEMM, Green belt, domestic use, Washery etc. is met from the pumped-out water. Excess mine waste water is being discharged into nearby streams / tanks through settling ponds, which is being used by nearby villagers for agricultural purpose. Presently, the surplus water from the project is being let out into Kistaram tank and other nearby tanks, which is being utilized by the local people to meet their agricultural needs and this, is in turn augmenting the recharge of ground water table of the area. Water Requirement of Coal Washery Proposed coal washery will be in continuous operation and has a closed system with zero effluent discharge system .The water required for coal washery will be met from the mine discharge water. Water consumption for coal washing will be around 100 liters / ton of raw coal fed to plant. The water required for coal washing will be 900 kld and for other activities like plantation, dust suppression and domestic use within the washery will be 220 kld. However, out of 900 kld of water required for washing, 400 kld of fresh water and 500 kld kld of recycled water will be fed to the system. Hence, water requirement of coal washery will be 620 kld. The details of daily water requirement for different activities at washery are follows.
Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 2-32
E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
Daily Water requirement of coal washery Sl. No. Details Quantity (KLD) 1. Make up for Washing 400 2. Green belt 50 3. Dust suppression 125 4. Domestic usage 45 Total Requirement per day 620
2.20 TOWNSHIP & OTHER INFRASTRUCTURE REQUIREMENT Township is proposed for the project. 2.21 FACILITIES FOR TRUCK DRIVERS AT MINE PREMISES The facilities that are provided to the persons connected with mining operation whether direct or indirect are rest shelters, canteen facilities at subsidized rates, washing/bathing facilities, provision of motor cycle/cycle sheds, provision of drinking water points, sanitation facilities, first aid, etc. 2.22 SURFACE FEATURES AND DIVERSIONS / SHIFTING INVOLVED 2.22.1 Rehabilitation and Resettlement The project involves R&R of Kommepalli Village and the same is already implemented by identifying a new site at Ayyagaripeta near Sathupalli Town. 2.22.2 Diversion of Forest Land The total land required for the Project is 1953.46 ha and out which the requirement of Forest land is 1156.72 ha. Total forest land required for the project has already been diverted and no further diversion of forest land is involved. 2.22.3 Diversion of PWD Roads The existing Sathupalli - Vemsur PWD road is falling within the quarry area in between Sathupalli and Rejarla village. It is proposed to divert the road after obtaining permission from State R&B Department. A plan showing proposed road diversion is shown as Figure No. 2.31. Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 2-33
E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
2.22.4 Diversion of Rivers and Nallah: There are no rivers or nallahs to be diverted in the project area. There are three nos. of small tanks located within the project area, two in the south and one in the eastern direction. Bethupalli flood flow canal (NTR canal) which passing through the middle of the property was already diverted away from the project. A plan showing NTR canal diversion is shown as Figure. 2.32. 2.23 Diversion of HT/LT power lines There are no HT/LT power transmission lines to be diverted within the mining limits. 2.24 Dumping and reclamation The detailed dumping strategy including external dumps, internal dumps, back filling, topsoil placement and preservation, design criteria of dumps, location of dumps, stage wise dumping schedule and details or reclamation have been discussed in the chapter-4. 2.25 Description of pollution sources & mitigation measures Since no chemical process or treatment of coal is involved in coal mining, the only major source of air and noise pollution is generated during the following mining operations. v Drilling, v Blasting, v Loading and transportation of OB and coal and v Vehicular traffic. All the pollution will be controlled by the proper mitigation measures. Detailed mitigation measure with respect to minimization of adverse impacts along with stage wise land reclamation strategy, green belt development/ plantation programme and mine closure / decommissioning plan is given in chapter-4. ***
Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 2-34
E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environmental Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
CHAPTER - 3 DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT
3.1. DESCRIPTION OF PRESENT ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS For the purpose of assessing impacts of any set of activities, the environmental factors both within the core zone and buffer zone are to be analysed. The core zone in this case represents the mining lease area while the buffer area covers the 10 km fringe area around the core area.
3.2. STUDY PERIOD AND METHODOLOGY The baseline study was conducted during the summer (March to May 2018) season. A detailed field monitoring study of the study area was carried out for baseline environment assessment of the proposed mining area. Baseline data was generated for various environmental parameters including air, water (surface and ground water), land and soil, ecology and socio-economic status to determine quality of the prevailing environmental settings. The scope of BLD collection including, attributes, parameters to be monitored, sampling period, frequency and measurement method is given in Table No. 3.1. The plans showing Ambient Air, Noise, Ground & Surface Water quality and Soil monitoring locations are furnished in Figure Nos. 3.1, 3.2, 3. 3 and 3. 4 respectively. Table No. 3.1: Scope of Baseline Data Generation Sampling Period, Sl. Activity Parameters to be Monitored Frequency & No. Measurement Method 1 Air Environment i) Wind Speed & Direction along Sampling Period: A. Micro- with Windrose Diagram One Season Meteorological ii) Max. & Min. Temperature Frequency: Study iii) Relative Humidity Hourly observations for iv) Rainfall one seasons v) Solar Radiation and Measurement Method: vi) Cloud Cover As per IMD Specifications B. Ambient Air Particulate Matter (PM) Sampling Period: Quality (AAQ) i) Particulate Matter <10µ (PM10) 24 hourly sample for Monitoring in ii) Particulate matter <2.5µ (PM2.5) Particulate Matter (PM) Core and Buffer Gaseous Pollutants (GP) and 8 hourly samples for Zone i) Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) Gaseous Pollutants and ii) Oxides of Nitrogen (NO2) averaged for 24 hours. Frequency: Twice a week for one season Measurement Method: PM10: Gravimetric (High- Volume Sampler) PM2.5: Gravimetric (Fine Dust Sampler) SO2: EPA Modified West & Geake Method. NOX: Arsenate Modified Jacob - Hochheiser Method. C. Mineralogical i) Silica Content and Frequency:
Prepared EPTRI, Hyderabad 3-1 E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environmental Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
Sampling Period, Sl. Activity Parameters to be Monitored Frequency & No. Measurement Method Composition of ii) Heavy Metals like such as Hg, Once in a season for all Particulate Pb, Cr, As etc., and the stations Matter iii) Particle Size Distribution Measurement Method: As per standards (ED- XRF 70 HS Qualitative) D. Characteristics i) Grade of Coal Frequency: of Coal ii) Other Characteristics - Ash, Once in a season for all Sulphur and the stations iii) Heavy Metals including levels of Hg, As, Pb, Cr etc. E. Traffic Density i) Traffic density on major roads / Frequency: Study coal transportation roads nearer Once in a season for 24 the project site with regard to hrs duration the number of two wheelers, Measurement Method: three wheelers, four wheelers Manual Count Method and heavy vehicles and ii) Estimation of baseline status of emissions due to vehicular traffic. 2 Water Environment Physico-chemical and biological Frequency: A. Ground Water characteristics as per IS -10500, At least one grab sample Quality 1993 Standards per location per season. B. Surface Water Physico-chemical and biological Frequency: Quality characteristics as per IS-2296, At least one grab sample 1982 Standards and as per the per location per season. water quality criteria for different uses as specified by CPCB. C. Phreatic Surface Water level in the existing wells Frequency: Levels within 10 km radius of the project Once in a season Measurement Method: Piezometer / Water Level Indicator 3 Noise In accordance with Noise Pollution Frequency: (Regulation & Control) Rules, 2000, Hourly equivalent noise notified by MoEF levels Leq, Leq(Day) and Leq(Night) for one day in a season. Measurement Method: Precision Integrated Micro Computer Sound level meter 4 Land Environment The land use / land cover Frequency: A. Land Use classification as per of EIA Once in a season Pattern Guidance Manual-Mining of Measurement Method: Minerals, issued by MoEF. For Core Zone: The land use / land cover study within core zone shall be done using Resourse sat- II Liss-4 FMX (5.8 m.) and IRS Cartosat-1 (2.5 m.) data to get 1:5000 scale
Prepared EPTRI, Hyderabad 3-2 E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environmental Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
Sampling Period, Sl. Activity Parameters to be Monitored Frequency & No. Measurement Method output as per MoEF guidelines. 1:5000 Scale For Buffer zone: Resourse sat-II Liss-4 FMX (5.8 m.) data for 2 seasons (Rabi and Kharif) 1:25,000 Scale B. Soil Quality i) Particle size distribution Frequency: ii) Texture At least one grab sample iii) Organic carbon per location per season. iv) pH Measurement Method: v) Electrical conductivity As per soil analysis vi) Exchangeable Cations and reference books of Cation exchange capacity M.L.Jackson, C.A. Black (CEC) and other relevant vii) Alkali metals standards. viii) Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR) of soils ix) Heavy metals in soil viz. Cd,Cr,Pb,Ni,Cu ,Zn, Mn x) Infiltration rate in mm/hr xi) Water Holding Capacity xii) Porosity xiii) NPK contents 5 Biological i) Study of existing flora within the Frequency: Environment study area 10 km radius by Bio- Once in a season A. Flora diversity experts. ii) Description of vegetation in core and buffer zone iii) Assessment of plant species with respect to their dominance, density, frequency, abundance, diversity index, similarity index, importance value Index. iv) Quantitative estimation of forest and non-forest flora v) Type of forest in study area and its conservation status. vi) Information on the dependence of local people on minor forest produce vii) Location of National Parks, Sanctuary, Biosphere Reserve, Tiger Reserve, Elephant Reserve, if any. viii) Wild life migratory routes in core and buffer zones, if any. B. Fauna i) Assessment of fauna and avi- Frequency: fauna. Once in a season ii) List out endangered and
Prepared EPTRI, Hyderabad 3-3 E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environmental Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
Sampling Period, Sl. Activity Parameters to be Monitored Frequency & No. Measurement Method endemic species as per the schedule of the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 iii) Information on breeding and hibernating sites in core and buffer zone. iv) The list of fauna in the study area as per formats 4.11 to 4.15 of EIA Guidance Manual - Mining of Minerals, issued by MoEF. 6 Socio-economic i) The status of the people living Frequency: Environment in the villages falling under both Once in a season core zone and buffer zone of the project. ii) Socio-economic survey covering Demographic Structure, Infrastructure resource base, Economic resource base, Health status, Morbidity pattern, Cultural and aesthetic attributes and Education and social need assessment. The survey is based on proportionate, stratified and random sampling method. Primary data collected through questionnaire and secondary data collected from census records, statistical hand books, topo sheets, health records and relevant official records. 7 Health i) Baseline health status of Frequency: Environment people living in the villages Once in a season falling within the study area of the project shall be collected from the primary health centers covering the villages within 2 and 5 km radius of the project.
3.3 AIR ENVIRONMENT 3.3.1 Micro-Meteorology 3.3.1.1 Significance of meteorological studies in air quality monitoring The quality of air pollutants is influenced by the movement and characteristics of the air mass into which they are emitted. If the air is calm and pollutants cannot disperse then the concentration of these pollutants will build up. Conversely, if a strong, turbulent wind is blowing, pollution generated will be rapidly dispersed into the atmosphere and will result in lower concentrations near the pollution source. The measurements of wind speed, direction, temperature, humidity and rainfall are important parameters used in the study of air quality
Prepared EPTRI, Hyderabad 3-4 E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environmental Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion) monitoring. The measurement of meteorological parameters is important to have an understanding of the impacts of a region's meteorology on air pollutant concentrations and is also used to simulate and predict air quality using computer models.
3.3.1.2 Summary of Micro-meteorological Data (01.03.2018 to 31.05.2018) The predominant wind direction is blowing from North West (NW) direction and Calm conditions prevailed for 20.63 % of the time during this period. The maximum wind speed recorded was 8.0 m/s. The maximum temperature recorded was found to be 43.3 0C, while the minimum temperature was 18.1 0C and the average temperature is 30.7 0C. The average relative humidity was found to be 66.5%. The total rainfall observed during this season is found to be 0.9 mm. The summary of monthly micro-meteorological data (wind speed, wind direction, temperature, relative humidity and rainfall) for entire study period is given in Table 3.2. Summary of micro-meteorological data generated for the entire study period (March 2018 to May 2018) is given in Table 3.3 and the monthly windrose diagrams along with summer season is shown in Figure No. 3.5.
Windrose diagram - March 2018 Wind Rose diagram - April 2018
Windrose diagram – May 2018 Windrose diagram - Summer Season
Figure No. 3.5 Monthly and Seasonal Windrose diagrams
Prepared EPTRI, Hyderabad 3-5 E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environmental Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
Table 3.2 Summary of monthly micro-meteorological data generated at JVR OCP (I&II) Expansion Project Wind Speed (m/s) Temperature (ºC) Relative Humidity (%) Rainfall (mm) Month Hourly Mean Max Calm % Mean Max Min Mean Max Min Total highest March 2018 1.29 5.3 34.01 28.7 41.2 18.1 66.4 99.9 12.9 0.0 0.0 April 2018 2.12 7.5 13.61 31.1 42.4 21.2 66.8 99.9 26.0 0.5 0.2 May 2018 1.99 8.0 26.67 32.1 43.3 22.0 66.4 99.7 26.1 0.4 0.2 Table 3.3 Summary of micro-meteorological data generated for summer season (March 2018 to May 2018) S. No Parameter (s) Min. Max. Mean 1. Temperature (0C) 18.1 43.3 30.7 Calm 2. Wind Speed (m/s) 8.0 1.8 (20.63%) 3. Relative Humidity (%) 12.9 99.9 66.5 North West (NW) 4. Predominant Wind direction for the entire study period
5. Total Rainfall (mm) 0.9
EPTRI, Hyderabad 3- 6 E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environmental Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
3.3.2 Ambient Air Quality (AAQ) To quantify the impact of the JVR OCP (I&II expansion) project on the ambient air quality, it is necessary at first to evaluate the existing ambient air quality of the area. The baseline studies on air environment include identification of specific air pollution parameters and their existing levels in ambient air. The ambient air quality with respect to the study zone of 10 km radius around the proposed expansion project forms the baseline information. The sources of air pollution in the region are mostly due to mining activities, vehicular traffic, dust arising from unpaved village road. The prime objective of the baseline air quality study was to establish the existing ambient air quality of the study area. These will also be useful for assessing the conformity to standards of the ambient air quality during the operation of proposed mine. This section describes the identification of sampling locations, methodology adopted during the monitoring period, sampling frequency and the air quality data. 3.3.2.1 Monitoring and Analytical Procedure Ambient air quality monitoring has been carried out with a frequency of two samples per week at ten locations, adopting a continuous 24 hourly schedule for the period of March to May 2018. The baseline data of ambient air has been collected for the following parameters as mentioned below: i. PM 2.5 ii. PM10 iii. Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) iv. Oxides of Nitrogen (NOX) It was ensured that the equipment was placed at a height of at least 3 ± 0.5m above the ground level at each monitoring station. The equipment was placed at open space free from trees and vegetation which otherwise act as a sink of pollutants resulting in lower levels in monitoring results. Monitoring has been carried out as per the CPCB and MoEF guidelines and notifications. 3.3.2.2 Selection of the Sampling locations The sampling locations for ambient air quality were established on the basis of the following considerations: · Meteorological conditions like wind direction; · Topography of the study area; · Representativeness of regional background air quality for obtaining baseline status; To assess the baseline ambient air quality, ten air quality monitoring locations were identified in core zone and buffer zone (10 km radius study area) of the project, two air sampling locations represent core zone (JVR OC-I and JVR OC-II mines) and eight locations represent the buffer zone of the project site. The stations were identified considering upwind, downwind and cross wind directions in order to have representative assessment of air quality in and around the project. SCCL has been monitoring ambient air quality including micro-meteorology in the region as a part of post project environmental monitoring. Based on the annual wind rose diagram for the year March 2017 to Feb. 2018, the predominant wind direction is NW. Accordingly, two air quality monitoring locations were identified in the downwind direction, one in the upwind direction and five in the cross wind direction in order to collect representative air quality data. Annual windrose (Period: March 2017 to Feb. 2018) is furnished below.
Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 3-7
E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environmental Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
Annual windrose (Period: March 2017 to Feb. 2018) Details of sampling locations are given in Table No.3.4 and Fig. 3.1 Table No.3.4: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations With respect to Project Name of the site Codes station Latitude Longitude Category Directions Distance with code (km) Core Zone
JVR OC-I Exp. Project site 0 0 CA1 17 12’ 6.19”N 80 48’ 7.56”E I PO Office CA2 JVR OC-II Project site 17011’2.05” N 800 46’9.25”E I Buffer Zone
Vengalarao NE 0 0 BA1 1 17 12’40.0’’N 80 48’43.0”E R Nagar (cross wind) Sathupalli NE 0 0 BA2 2.0 17 12’4.53”N 80 50’0.19”E R Town (cross wind) Kistaram NW 0 0 BA3 1.0 17 12’5.05”N 80 46’6.98” E R Village (up wind) Venkatapuram NE 0 0 BA4 1.8 17 13’11.9”N 80 49’6.50”E R Village (cross wind) SE 0 0 BA5 Siddaram 1.88 17 10’34.7”N 80 50’16.7”E R (down wind) SE 0 0 BA6 Rejarla Village 1.34 17 10’ 9.7” N 80 48’29.8”E R (down wind) Chaudavaram SW 0 0 BA7 2.9 17 09’9.7’’N 80 45’30.4”E R Village (cross wind) SW 3.12 0 0 BA8 Pallewada 17 10’30.5”N 80 44’28.7”E R (cross wind) Note: C - Core Zone, B - Buffer Zone.
Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 3-8
E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environmental Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
Photo showing Ambient Air Quality station at Sathupalli town
3.3.2.3 Ambient Air Quality Data The ambient air quality monitored at 10 identified locations during March-May 2018 at a frequency of twice a week is furnished at Annexure-3A. The summary of ambient air quality data monitored in core and buffer zone of the project is furnished in Table No. 3.5. Table: 3.5 Summary of Ambient Air Quality Summer (March- May) 2018 For Particulate Matter (All values in mg/m3)
PM10 PM2.5
Location
Min Max Mean Min Max Mean 98 Category Standards Standards percentile No. of samples samples of No. 98 percentile Core Zone JVR OC-I Exp. 24 I 250 82 138 114.9 136.6 - 31.6 55.2 44.8 54.2 PO Office JVR OC-II 24 I 250 80 127 96.5 122.9 - 30.5 61.6 39.2 58.9 Buffer Zone Vengalarao 24 R 100 52 80 66.6 79.1 60 24.0 37.0 30.8 36.5 Nagar Sathupalli Town 24 R 100 49 66 59.6 65.6 60 22.5 30.0 25.9 29.5 Kistaram Village 24 R 100 69 87 78.0 86.8 60 33.6 43.3 37.8 42.6 Venkatapuram 24 R 100 52 68 61.1 67.5 60 22.5 29.4 25.9 29.2 Siddaram 24 R 100 62 77 70.0 76.5 60 27.0 34.3 30.1 33.7 Rejarla Village 24 R 100 56 79 64.5 77.6 60 22.8 34.5 27.2 33.6 Chaudavaram 24 R 100 54 71 61.8 70.5 60 22.6 30.4 26.1 30.2 Pallewada 24 R 100 50 65 56.2 64.5 60 20.2 27.3 23.3 27.2
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E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environmental Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
For Gaseous Pollutants (All values in mg/m3)
SO2 NO2
Location Min Max Mean Min Max Mean Category Standards Standards No. of samples samples of No. 98 percentile 98 percentile 98 percentile
Core Zone JVR OC-I Exp. PO 72 I 120 11.7 13.6 12.8 13.6 120 16.8 21 18.4 20.4 Office JVR OC-II 72 I 120 10.0 13.2 11.7 13.2 120 14.6 18.9 16.5 18.9 Buffer Zone Vengalarao Nagar 72 R 80 10.4 13.9 12.3 13.8 80 14.1 20.1 17.3 19.8 Sathupalli Town 72 R 80 11.1 13.7 12.4 13.6 80 15.1 19.8 17.5 19.6 Kistaram Village 72 R 80 12.1 14.4 13.2 14.4 80 16.7 21.5 19.1 21.3 Venkatapuram 72 R 80 9.6 13.6 11.4 13.4 80 13.0 19.3 15.9 19.1 Siddaram 72 R 80 11.3 13.8 12.7 13.8 80 15.8 19.6 17.9 19.6 Rejarla Village 72 R 80 10.5 13.6 11.9 13.4 80 14.4 19.6 16.7 19.1 Chaudavaram 72 R 80 10.8 13.9 12.1 13.5 80 14.9 19.7 17.0 19.1 Pallewada 72 R 80 10.4 13.4 12.1 13.3 80 14.1 19.7 16.9 19.4 Note: - R – Residential I – Industrial
3.3.2.4 Interpretation of Ambient Air Quality Core Zone
Ambient air quality data monitored in the core zone shows that PM10 concentrations varies 3 3 from 80 to 138 mg/m . PM2.5 concentrations were in the range of 30.5 to 61.6 mg/m . The 3 3 3 SO2 and NOx concentration varies from 10.0 mg/m to 13.6 mg/m and 14.6 mg/m to 21 mg/m3 respectively. All the air quality parameters in the core zone are found to be within prescribed limits as per Coal mine Standards. Carbon monoxide concentration was found to BDL.
Buffer Zone 3 3 The concentration of PM10 varies from 49 µg/m (Sathupalli Town) and 87 µg/m (Kistaram). 3 3 The PM2.5 concentration varies from 20.2 mg/m (Pallewada) to 43.3 mg/m (Kistaram 3 Village). The SO2 and NOx concentration varies from 9.6 mg/m (Venkatapuram) to 14.4 mg/m3 (Kistaram) and 13 mg/m3 (Venkatapuram) to 21.5 mg/m3 (Kistaram) respectively. All the air quality parameters in the buffer zone of the project are found to be within prescribed limits as per National Ambient Air Quality Standards. 3.3.2.5 Minerological Composition of RPM
The mineralogical composition for the Particulate Matter (PM10) collected at all the air quality monitoring stations (one sample per location, which was based on maximum PM10 concentration) within the 10 km radius of the study area is analyzed as per the standards.
The summary of mineralogical composition of PM10 is given in the Table No. 3.6.
Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 3-10
E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environmental Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
Table 3.6 Summary of mineralogical composition of RPM
Station code
BA8 S.No Parameters Units BA6
Kistaram Kistaram Sathupalli Sathupalli Town BA2 Town Nagar BA1 Vengalarao Vengalarao Village BA3 II (Kommepalli) CA2 - II (Kommepalli) - I Exp. Office PO CA1 Siddaram BA5 Village Rejarla Pallewada Pallewada Venkatapuram Village BA4 Village Venkatapuram BA7 Village Chaudavaram JVR OC JVR OC
Chromium 3 1 µg/m BDL 0.005 0.007 0.005 0.018 0.007 BDL BDL as Cr 0.007 0.006 Cadmium as 3 2 µg/m BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL Cd 3 Lead as Pb ng/m3 7 BDL 6 19 5 BDL 8 5 BDL 9 4 Zinc as Zn µg/m3 0.236 0.179 0.574 0.334 0.085 0.939 0.90 0.468 0.446 0.277 5 Iron as Fe µg/m3 0.566 0.102 0.829 0.110 0.362 0.787 0.2026 0.310 0.546 0.1692
Cobalt as 3 6 µg/m BDL BDL 0.007 0.006 BDL 0.0010 0.005 BDL 0.006 BDL Co Manganese 3 7 µg/m 0.019 0.025 0.02 0.043 0.012 0.016 0.046 0.062 0.013 0.047 as Mn Copper as 3 8 µg/m BDL 0.010 0.007 0.034 0.009 0.008 0.005 0.006 BDL 0.005 Cu Molybdenum 3 9 µg/m 0.044 0.235 0.270 0.467 0.144 0.586 0.556 0.745 0.372 0.535 as Mo Nickel as Ni 3 10 3 ng/m BDL BDL 10 8 BDL BDL BDL 5 BDL BDL (20 ng/m ) Vanadium 3 11 µg/m BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.006 0.008 BDL BDL as V 12 Silver as Ag µg/m3 0.235 0.584 1.907 1.936 0.713 3.385 2.282 1.297 1.38 2.736
Aluminium 3 13 µg/m 0.834 0.489 3.273 2.633 6.17 5.432 0.172 1.076 2.896 0.801 as Al Arsenic as 3 14 3 ng/m BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL As (6 ng/m ) Selenium as 3 15 µg/m BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL Se Remarks: The values are verified with NAAQS standards for arsenic, lead and nickel. Arsenic is not present and lead is well within the limits, Nickel is observed near core and buffer villages but within the limits. Other metals like aluminium, iron and zinc are due to geological formation and there are no standards.
3.3.3 Characteristics of Coal The coal sample collected from existing mine was analysed for the metal parameters, Chromium (as Cr), Cadmium (as Cd), Lead (as Pb), Zinc (as Zn), Iron (as Fe), Cobalt (as Co), Manganese (as Mn), Copper (as Cu), Nickel (as Ni), Selenium (as Se), Vanadium (as V) and Silver (as Ag). The results for these parameters are presented in Table 3.7.
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Table 3.7 Characteristics of Coal Parameter (s) Test Method Units Results Chromium SW-846-6010.B mg/Kg 40 Cadmium SW-846-6010.B mg/Kg BDL Lead SW-846-6010.B mg/Kg 6 Zinc SW-846-6010.B mg/Kg 82 Iron SW-846-6010.B mg/Kg 8322 Cobalt SW-846-6010.B mg/Kg 10 Manganese SW-846-6010.B mg/Kg 124 Copper SW-846-6010.B mg/Kg 19 Molybdenum SW-846-6010.B mg/Kg BDL Nickel SW-846-6010.B mg/Kg 23 Vanadium SW-846-6010.B mg/Kg 33 Silver SW-846-6010.B mg/Kg BDL Aluminium SW-846-6010.B mg/Kg 42 Arsenic SW-846-6010.B mg/Kg BDL Selenium SW-846-6010.B mg/Kg BDL Mercury 7471 B µg/Kg BDL As per CHNS Sulphur % 0.5 Instrument Manual Ash Content M L Jackson % 41 BDL: Below Detection Limit: Cd:4 mg/Kg,Silver: 4 mg/Kg, Arsenic-5 mg/Kg,, Selenium-5 mg/Kg, 3.4 NOISE ENVIRONMENT A detailed survey on noise environment was carried in and around the mine site to study the hourly equivalent noise levels as per IS: 4954-1968. This study was necessary as the high noise levels may cause adverse effect on human beings and associated environment, including structures, domestic animals and natural ecological systems. Spot noise levels were measured for 24 hours on hourly basis by using a high precision Sound Level Meter at six locations within the study area. The details of the noise monitoring locations are given in Table No. 3.8 and in Figure No. 3.2. The ambient noise level standards are shown in the Table No.3.9 and the summary of the results of noise monitoring in all the locations are given in Table No. 3.10. Table 3.8 Noise Level Monitoring Locations Distance (km) & Name of the station with Direction with S. No. Latitude Longitude code respect to project site 1. JVR OC-I Exp. PO Office Project site N 170 12.619’ E 800 48.75.6’ 2. JVR OC-II Project site N 17011.205’ E 800 46.92.5’ 3. Vengalarao Nagar 1.0Km, NE N 170 12’40.0’’ E 80048’43.0” 4. Kistaram Village 1.0 Km, NW N 17012.50.5’ E 800 46.69.8’ 5. Chaudavaram Village 2.9 Km, SW N 170 09’09.7’’ E 80045’30.4” 6. Pallewada 3.12 Km, SW N 170 10’30.5’’ E 80044’28.7”
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Table No.3.9 Ambient air quality standards in respect of noise
Area Limits in dB(A) Leq Category of Area Code Day time Night time A Industrial area 75 70 B Commercial area 65 55 C Residential area 55 45 D Silence zone 50 40 Note: 1. Day time is reckoned in between 6 AM and 10 PM and Night time is reckoned in between 10 PM and 6 AM. 2. Silence zone is defined as areas up to 100 m around such premises as hospitals, educational institutions and courts. The silence zones are to be declared by the competent authority. Use of vehicular horns, loud speakers and bursting of crackers shall be banned in these zones. 3. Mixed categories of areas should be declared as one of the four above-mentioned categories by the Competent Authority and the corresponding standards shall apply. 4. dB(A) Leq denotes the time weighted average of the level of sound in decibles on scale A which is relatable to human hearing.
Table 3.10 Summary of Noise level data Day time Night time Limits in dB (A) noise levels noise levels Name of the station S.No In dB (A) In dB (A) with code Day Night Day Leq Night Leq time time 1 JVR OC-I Exp. PO Office, CN1 75 70 60.8 49.8 2 JVR OC-II, CN2 75 70 51.5 42.1 3 Vengalarao Nagar, BN1 55 45 53.2 43.6 4 Kistaram Village, BN2 55 45 50.5 40.8 5 Chaudavaram Village, BN3 55 45 50.0 41.1 6 Pallewada, BN4 55 45 50.8 41.6
Photo showing monitoring of noise levels in the study area
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The details of hourly readings for 24 hours period monitored at the six locations is given as Annexure-3B and the summary of noise level data is given in Table 3.10. Maximum value of Day Leq is 60.8 dB (A) at JVR OC-I Exp. PO Office (CN1) and minimum is 50.0 dB (A) at Chaudavaram (BN3). Maximum value of Night Leq is 49.8 dB (A) at JVR OC-I Exp. PO Office (CN1), and minimum is 40.8 dB (A) at Kistaram Village (BN2). From the data collected, it is seen that the noise levels in terms of Day Leq and Night Leq are well within the stipulated standards at all the locations. 3.5 Traffic density study The traffic density study has been carried out at Kistaram ‘Y’ junction. The study has been done on a non working and working days for 24 hrs. The vehicle details (type of vehicle, number of vehicles etc.) for Non-working day and working day has been presented in Table 3.11, 3.12 and 3.13 respectively. Table 3.11 Traffic Density Study Vehicular Traffic Density Study Time period 06:00 AM to next day 06:00 AM Summary of Two Light Motor Heavy Motor Three Wheelers vehicles Wheelers Vehicles Vehicles Working Day 7004 1171 1914 5083 Non-Working 6851 1075 1879 5127 Day It may noted that the traffic density of Two wheelers, LMV & heavy vehicles are reduced on non working day. However no changes in the three wheelers were observed and may be due to travelling of public for various uses. Table 3.12 Vehicular traffic Study (Working day) Location: Kistaram ‘Y’ junction Date of monitoring: 04.05.2018 to 05.05.2018 (7.00 AM to 7.00 AM) (Friday – Saturday) (Working day) Duration: 24 hrs (hourly interval) Three Light Motor Heavy Motor Date Time Two Wheeler Wheeler Vehicle Vehicle 04/05/2018 7.00-8:00 405 67 101 202 04/05/2018 8.00-9:00 420 65 88 120 04/05/2018 9.00-10:00 455 76 120 155 04/05/2018 10.00-11:00 518 88 97 195 04/05/2018 11.00-12:00 533 79 128 250 04/05/2018 12.00-13:00 575 83 114 197 04/05/2018 13.00-14:00 421 61 111 245 04/05/2018 14.00-15:00 296 80 98 246 04/05/2018 15.00-16:00 340 73 93 200 04/05/2018 16.00-17:00 423 60 83 183 04/05/2018 17.00-18:00 520 78 92 202 04/05/2018 18.00-19:00 367 51 111 244 04/05/2018 19.00-20:00 278 42 95 209 04/05/2018 20.00-21:00 289 38 133 288 04/05/2018 21.00-22:00 300 44 98 216 04/05/2018 22.00-23:00 120 31 57 255
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04/05/2018 23.00-0:00 56 20 39 311 05/05/2018 0.00-1:00 25 5 33 210 05/05/2018 1.00-2:00 31 10 12 178 05/05/2018 2.00-3:00 19 3 18 156 05/05/2018 3.00-4:00 33 15 24 170 05/05/2018 4.00-5:00 98 20 30 188 05/05/2018 5.00-6:00 197 33 50 210 05/05/2018 6.00-7:00 285 49 89 253 Total 7004 1171 1914 5083
Table 3.13 Vehicular traffic Study (Non Working day) Location: Kistaram ‘Y’ junction Duration: 24 hrs (hourly interval) Date of monitoring: 06.05.2018 to 07.05.2018 (7.00 AM to 7.00 AM) (Sunday -Monday) (Non-working day) Two Three Light Motor Heavy Motor Date Time Wheelers Wheelers Vehicles Vehicles 06/05/2018 7.00-8:00 379 59 120 196 06/05/2018 8.00-9:00 398 60 101 209 06/05/2018 9.00-10:00 419 65 98 176 06/05/2018 10.00-11:00 486 74 90 233 06/05/2018 11.00-12:00 574 90 133 267 06/05/2018 12.00-13:00 507 78 120 223 06/05/2018 13.00-14:00 452 70 124 210 06/05/2018 14.00-15:00 285 44 86 258 06/05/2018 15.00-16:00 330 54 81 226 06/05/2018 16.00-17:00 507 80 110 190 06/05/2018 17.00-18:00 554 89 83 221 06/05/2018 18.00-19:00 407 63 79 202 06/05/2018 19.00-20:00 252 35 111 195 06/05/2018 20.00-21:00 300 47 147 258 06/05/2018 21.00-22:00 285 44 90 222 06/05/2018 22.00-23:00 162 30 50 267 06/05/2018 23.00-0:00 57 9 45 288 06/05/2018 0.00-1:00 30 5 23 245 06/05/2018 1.00-2:00 22 5 10 189 06/05/2018 2.00-3:00 9 2 21 165 06/05/2018 3.00-4:00 26 4 30 125 06/05/2018 4.00-5:00 72 13 36 172 06/05/2018 5.00-6:00 153 24 41 180 06/05/2018 6.00-7:00 185 31 50 210 Total 6851 1075 1879 5127
3.6 WATER ENVIRONMENT The impact of the expansion project on the water environment was assessed by studying the quality of ground water and surface water bodies within the study area. The sampling locations were selected considering their proximity to the project site. In order to assess the water quality, 5 samples from surface water, 4 samples from groundwater and two effluent
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3.6.1 Surface Water Sampling Methodology The direct method used to collect the surface water samples for the streams, rivers, lakes and other surface waters. The water samples from the surface water bodies were collected directly into the sample bottle. For the shallow stream stations, samples were collected under the water surface while pointing the sample container upstream; avoiding disturbing the substrate. For lakes and other impoundments, samples were collected under the water surface avoiding surface debris. Appropriate chemicals were added to the samples during the sample collection for preservation and transport. Samples for the bacteriological analysis were collected in high density glass bottles. All the samples were stored in sampling kits maintained at 4°C and brought to the laboratory for detailed physical, chemical and bacteriological analysis. The and all the surface water sampling locations were shown in Figure 3.3. Surface water sampling locations are shown in Table No. 3.14. The surface water quality data is furnished in Table No.3.16. 3.6.2 Ground Water Sampling Methodology Hand pumps were pumped for 15 minutes prior to the sampling, to ensure that groundwater to be sampled was representative of groundwater aquifer. Samples were collected in 1 litre wide mouth glass bottle for oil & grease analysis, in cleaned 300 ml glass bottle for DO and for metals 1litre Plastic container and for pesticides analysis 2.5 litre amber coloured glass bottle. 5 litres of water sample was collected in a prewashed plastic container without any preservatives for general parameters. 300 ml sterilized glass bottle for microbial analysis. Appropriate preservatives such as manganese sulphate & Alkali - Iodide – azide for DO, Hydrochloric acid for oil & Grease, Nitric acid for metals and Ascorbic acid for pesticides were added to the samples during the collection and were brought to laboratory for analysis. Samples for bacteriological analyses were collected in sterilized high-density glass bottles. All the samples were stored in sampling kits maintained at 4oC and brought to the laboratory for detailed physico-chemical and bacteriological analysis. all the groundwater sampling locations were shown in Figure 3.3. Ground water sampling locations are shown in Table No. 3.15. The ground water quality data is furnished in Table No.3.17. JVR OC-I and JVR OC-II mine discharge samples were also analyzed and the data is given in Table 3.18.
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Photo showing water sampling at Rajarla
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Table 3.14 Surface water sampling locations Distance S. Sampling Sampling (km) with Date of Latitude Longitude No. code Location respect to sampling project site 1. SW1 Kistaram Tank 0.06 N 17012’30.9’’ E 80047’02.1’’ 02.05.2018 2. SW2 Rejarla Tank 0.90 N 17009’57.8’’ E 80049’06.9’’ 02.05.2018
Tank Near 0 0 3. SW3 0.73 N 17 11’10.3’’ E 80 48’33.5’’ 02.05.2018 Sathupalli Yedulla cheruvu 4. SW4 (Near 3.45 N 17012’19.6’’ E 80044’55.9’’ 02.05.2018 Lankapalli) Bethupalli 0 0 5. SW5 5.00 N 17 12’57.5’’ E 80 52’52.7’’ 02.05.2018 cheruvu Table 3.15 Ground water sampling locations Sampling Distance Sampling Date of S.No. Latitude Longitude code (km) Location sampling 1 GW-1 3.50 Pallewada N 17010’24.5’’ E 80044’28.6’’ 02.05.2018 2 GW-2 1.0 Kistaram N 17012’25.4’’ E 80046’45.3’’ 02.05.2018
Vengalarao 0 0 3 GW-3 1.0 N 17 12’36.1’’ E 80 48’41.5’’ 02.05.2018 Nagar 4 GW-4 1.50 Rejarla N 17009’48.0’’ E 80048’14.9’’ 02.05.2018
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Table 3.16 Physico-Chemical and Bacteriological Characteristics of Surface Water at Selected Locations in the Study Area Tolerance Limits CPCB Water Quality S.N Test RESULT Parameters Unit IS: 2296-1982 Criteria o Method Class C Class A Class B Class C SW-1 SW-2 SW-3 SW-4 SW-5 1 pH - 4500-H+B 6.5-8.5 6.5 -8.5 6.5 -8.5 6.5 - 9 7.8 7.9 6.7 7.8 7.3 2 Temperature ºC 2550. B - - - - 25.4 25.8 26 25.2 25.0 3 Turbidity NTU 2130. B - - - - 3.8 3.5 4.1 2.6 3.8 4 Electrical Conductivity µmos/cm 2510-B - - - - 1540 590 1720 2100 430 o 5 Total Dissolved Solids at 180 C mg/L 2540.C 1500 - - - 870 340 1060 1320 245 Total Suspended Solids at 6 o mg/L 2540. D 1500 - - - 18 20 25 20 22 105 C 6 mg/l 5 mg/l 4 mg/l 7 Dissolved Oxygen mg/L 4500-O.C 4 5.8 6.0 6.2 5.9 6.1 or more or more or more Bio chemical Oxygen 2 mg/l 3 mg/l 3 mg/l 8 o mg/L IS 3025 3 12 10 8 12 10 Demand for 3 days 20 C or less or less or less 9 Chemical Oxygen Demand mg/L 5220. D - - - - 40 30 25 30 30 50 500 5000 10 Total Coliform MPN/100mL 9221A & B 5000 350 540 920 220 280 or less or less or less 11 Fecal Coliform MPN/100mL 9221 E - - - - 40 17 110 46 23 Presence / 12 E. coli 9221 F - - - - Absent Absent Present Absent Abesent Absence - 13 Nitrites as NO2 mg/L 4500-NO2 .B - - - - BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
14 Nitrates as NO3 mg/L PDA 50 - - - 4.9 7.7 17 16 7.1 15 Chlorides as Cl- mg/L 4500-Cl-.B 600 - - - 210 82 525 427 62 2- 2- 16 Sulphates as SO4 mg/L 4500-SO4 .E 400 - - - 218 14 45 64 10 17 Fluoride as F- mg/L 4500-F-.C 1.5 - - - 0.695 0.34 0.755 0.71 0.835 18 Calcium as Ca mg/L 3500-Ca.B - - - - 20 30 22 14 20 19 Magnesium as Mg mg/L 3500-Mg.B - - - - 10 12 97 74 7 20 Mercury as Hg mg/L 3500-Hg.B - - - - BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 21 Arsenic as As mg/L 3120-B 0.2 - - - BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 22 Lead as Pb mg/L 3120-B 0.1 - - - BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 23 Zinc as Zn mg/L 3120-B 15 - - - 0.7 0.5 1.24 4.8 0.9
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Tolerance CPCB Water Limits IS: Quality RESULT S. Test Parameters Unit 2296-1982 Criteria No Method ClassClass Class Class C SW-1 SW-2 SW-3 SW-4 SW-5 A B C 24 Cadmium as Cd mg/L 3120-B - - - - BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 25 Chromium as Cr mg/L 3120-B - - - - BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 26 Nickel as Ni mg/L 3120-B - - - - BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 27 Iron as Fe mg/L 3120-B 50 - - - 0.49 0.22 1.3 1.88 0.84 28 Copper as Cu mg/L 3120-B 0.05 - - - BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 29 Boron as B mg/L 3120-B - - - - 0.35 0.3 0.72 0.8 0.86 30 Colour Pt-co- 2120. B 300 - - - 15 10 10 15 10 31 Odour TON 2150. B - - - - No odour observed
4500-NH3 32 Ammonical Nitrogen as N mg/L - - - - BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL -C 33 Total Phosphates mg/L 4500-P-D - - - - BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.021 34 Oil & Grease mg/L 5520. B - - - - <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 35 Sodium as Na mg/L 3500-Na.B - - - - 198 70 135 206 52 36 Potassium as K mg/L 3500-K.B - - - - 1.5 1.0 2.1 1.1 1.8
37 Carbonates as CO3 mg/L 2320. B - - - - Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil
38 Bi-carbonates as HCO3 mg/L 2320. B - - - - 95 131 165 683 84 Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH’s): Acenaphthene, Acenaphthylene, Anthracene, B(a)A, B(a)P, B(b)F, B(k)F, 39 µg/L 6440.C - - - - ND ND ND ND ND Pyrene, Dibenz(a,h) anthracene, Fluoranthene, Fluorene, Indeno (1,2,3-(d) Pyrene,Naphthalene, phenanthrene, Pyrene. Pesticides: α–BHC, β-BHC, 40 γ-BHC, δ-BHC, o,p-DDT, p,p’ –DDT, α- µg/L 6630. D - - - - ND ND ND ND ND Endosulfan, β- Endosulfan, Aldrin, Dieldrin 2,4-D, Carboryl (Carbonate) Malathion Qualitative 6630. D - - - - ND ND ND ND ND Methyl Parathion Anilophos, Chloropyriphos analysis NTU – Nephelometric Turbidity Unit; TON – Threshold Odour Number; BDL – Below Detection Limit, Detection Limit – Boron – 0.05 mg/L; Nitrites – 0.02 mg/L; Ammonical Nitrogen – 5 mg/L; Phosphates – 0.02 mg/L; Bio chemical Oxygen Demand as BOD – 3 mg/L; Lead – 0.04 mg/L; Cadmium – 0.01 mg/L; Zinc as Zn – 0.01 mg/L;;
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Tables 3.17 Physico-Chemical and Bacteriological Characteristics of Ground Water at Selected Locations in the Study Area IS: 10500 RESULT IS: 10500 Requirement S.No. Parameters Unit Test Method Permissible (Acceptable Limits GW-1 GW-2 GW-3 GW-4 Limit) 1. Colour Pt-co- 2120. B 5 15 <5 <5 <5 <5 No odour No odour No odour No odour 2. Odour TON 2150. B Agreeable Agreeable observed observed observed observed 3. pH - 4500-H+B 6.5 to 8.5 No relaxation 7.4 7.0 6.8 7.6 No flavor No flavor No flavor No flavor 4. Taste FTN 2160. B Agreeable Agreeable observed observed observed observed 5. Turbidity NTU 2130. B 1 5 0.9 1.1 1.0 1.0 o 6. Total Dissolved Solids at 180 C mg/L 2540.C 500 2000 580 1450 645 695 General Parameters Concerning Substances Undesirable in Excessive Amounts 7. Aluminium as Al mg/L 3120-B 0.03 0.2 0.1 0.11 0.08 0.07 Anionic detergents 8. mg/L IS:13428:2005K 0.2 1.0 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 (as MBAS) 9. Barium as Ba mg/L 3120. B 0.7 No relaxation 0.12 0.13 0.21 0.3 10. Boron as B mg/L 3120-B 0.5 1.0 0.86 0.92 0.74 0.59 11. Calcium as Ca mg/L 3500-Ca.B 75 200 42 142 52 48 12. Chlorides as Cl- mg/L 4500-Cl-.B 250 1000 160 482 162 207 13. Copper as Cu mg/L 3120-B 0.05 1.5 BDL BDL BDL BDL 14. Fluoride as F- mg/L 4500-F-.C 1.0 1.5 0.735 0.814 0.55 0.85 15. Residual free chlorine mg/L 4500-Cl-.B 0.2 1.0 BDL BDL BDL BDL 16. Iron as Fe mg/L 3120-B 0.3 No relaxation 0.24 0.59 0.24 0.23 17. Magnesium as Mg mg/L 3500-Mg.B 30 100 29 53 27 24 18. Manganese as Mn mg/L 3120-B 0.1 0.3 0.03 0.06 0.11 BDL IS:3025 19. Mineral oil mg/L 0.5 No relaxation Absent Absent Absent Absent (part 39) - 20. Nitrates as NO3 mg/L 4500-NO3 .B 45 No relaxation 13 22 55 18
21. Phenolic compounds as C6H5OH mg/L 5530-D 0.001 0.002 BDL BDL BDL BDL
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IS: 10500 RESULT IS: 10500 Requirement S.No. Parameters Unit Test Method Permissible (Acceptable Limits GW-1 GW-2 GW-3 GW-4 Limit) 22. Selenium as Se mg/L 3120-B 0.01 No relaxation BDL BDL BDL BDL 23. Silver as Ag mg/L 3120. B 0.1 No relaxation BDL BDL BDL BDL 2- 2- 24. Sulphates as SO4 mg/L 4500-SO4 .E 200 400 17 43 15 7 25. Sulfide as S2- mg/L 4500. S2- G - - BDL BDL BDL BDL
26. Total Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/L 2320. B 200 600 241 609 257 231
27. Total Hardness as CaCO3 mg/L 2340. C 200 600 225 575 240 220 28. Zinc as Zn mg/L 3120-B 5 15 0.09 0.3 0.28 0.05 Concerning Toxic Substances 29. Cadmium as Cd mg/L 3120-B 0.003 No relaxation BDL BDL BDL BDL 30. Cyanide as CN- mg/L 4500-CN-.F 0.05 No relaxation BDL BDL BDL BDL 31. Lead as Pb mg/L 3120-B 0.01 No relaxation BDL BDL BDL BDL 32. Mercury as Hg µg/L 3500-Hg.B 0.001 No relaxation BDL BDL BDL BDL 33. Molybdenum as Mo mg/L 3120. B 0.07 No relaxation BDL BDL BDL BDL 34. Nickel as Ni mg/L 3120-B 0.02 No relaxation BDL BDL BDL BDL Pesticides: α–BHC, β-BHC, γ-BHC, δ-BHC, o,p-DDT, Absent 35. µg/L 6630. D 0.001 ND ND ND ND p,p’ –DDT, Endosulfan, β- Endosulfan, Aldrin, Dieldrin 2,4-D, Carboryl (Carbonate) Malathion Qualitative 36. 6630. D Absent 0.001 ND ND ND ND Methyl Parathion Anilophos, Chloropyriphos analysis Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH’s): Acenaphthene, Acenaphthylene, Anthracene, B(a)A, B(a)P, B(b)F, B(k)F, 37. Pyrene, Dibenz(a,h) anthracene, µg/L 6440.C -- -- ND ND ND ND Fluoranthene, Fluorene, Indeno (1,2,3-(d) Pyrene, Naphthalene, Phenanthrene, Pyrene, Methyl Naphthalene 38. Total Arsenic as As mg/L 3120-B 0.01 0.05 BDL BDL BDL BDL 39. Total Chromium as Cr mg/L 3120-B 0.05 No relaxation BDL BDL BDL BDL
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IS: 10500 RESULT IS: 10500 Requirement S.No. Parameters Unit Test Method Permissible (Acceptable Limits GW-1 GW-2 GW-3 GW-4 Limit) Bacteriological Quality of Drinking water Presence or 40. E. Coli 9221 F - - Absent Absent Absent Absent Absence/ 100 mL MPN/100 41. Total Coliform 9221A & B - - <1.8 <1.8 <1.8 <1.8 mL MPN/100 42. Fecal Coliform 9221 E - - <1.8 <1.8 <1.8 <1.8 mL As per CPCB Guidelines for Water Quality Monitoring 43. Electrical Conductivity µmhos/cm 2510-B - - 940 2400 1120 1140 44. Orthophosphates mg/L 4500-P-D - - BDL BDL BDL 0.02 45. Chemical Oxygen Demand mg/L 5220. D - - 20 10 10 10 - 46. Nitrites as NO2 mg/L 4500-NO2 .B - - 1.6 1 1 1 47. Sodium Na mg/L 3500 Na.B - - 148 270 151 195 48. Potassium as K mg/L 3500. K.B - - 1.8 2.2 1.0 2.5 NTU – Nephelometric Turbidity Unit; TON – Threshold Odour Number; FTN – Flavor Threshold Number; BDL – Below Detection Limit, Detection Limit – Phenols – 0.1 mg/L; Mercury – 20 µg/L; Cyanide – 0.05 mg/L. Hex. Chromium – 0.05 mg/L; Copper – 0.02 mg/L; Manganese – 0.01 mg/L; Cadmium – 0.01 mg/L; Selenium – 0.04 mg/L; Arsenic – 0.04 mg/L; Lead – 0.04 mg/L; Aluminum – 0.04 mg/L; Chromium – 0.03 mg/L; Nickel – 0.03 mg/L; Residual free chlorine – 1 mg/L; Nitrites – 0.01 mg/L; Orthophosphates – 0.05 mg/L; ND-Not Detected; Detection Limit: Pesticides– 0.1 ppm; PAHs – 1 ppm.*Not Performed –PCBs, Trihalomethanes, Radioactive materials, Alachlor, Atrazine, Butachlor, Ethion, Monocrotophos.
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Table 3.18 Effluents Quality (As per part-A of general standards for discharge of environmental pollutants Part –A: Effluents (GSR 801) (E))
Standards Part –A: Effluents (GSR 801) RESULT RESULT (E) Inland JVR OC-I JVR OC-II Test Public Land for S.No Test Parameter (s) Unit surface Mine Mine Method sewers irrigation water Discharge Discharge (a) (b) (c) EW-1 EW2 1 Colour Pt-co-Scale 2120. B * -- * 5 5 No odour No odour 2 Odour TON 2150. B * -- * observed observed 3 Total Suspended Solids mg/L 2540. D 100 600 200 25 16 Shall pass Particle size of suspended 4 mg/L 850 Micron -- -- Pass Pass solids IS sieve 5 pH -- 4500-H+B 5.5 to 9.0 5.5 to 9.0 5.5 to 9.0 7.3 7.8 Shall not exceed 5˚C above the 6 Temperature °C 2550. B -- -- 25.1 25.3 receiving water temperature 7 Oil & Grease mg/L 5520. B 10 20 10 <1 <1 4500-NH - 8 Ammonical Nitrogen mg/L 3 50 50 -- BDL BDL C
9 Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen mg/L 4500-Norg.C 100 -- -- BDL BDL 4500-NH - 10 Free Ammonia mg/L 3 5.0 -- -- BDL BDL D Biochemical Oxygen 11 mg/L IS:3025 30 350 100 4 3 Demand (3 days at 27°C) Chemical Oxygen 26 12 mg/L 5220. D 250 -- -- 30 Demand
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Standards Part –A: Effluents (GSR 801) RESULT RESULT (E) Inland JVR OC-I JVR OC-II Test Public Land for S.No Test Parameter (s) Unit surface Mine Mine Method sewers irrigation water Discharge Discharge (a) (b) (c) EW-1 EW2 13 Arsenic as As mg/L 3120.B 0.2 0.2 0.2 BDL BDL 14 Mercury as Hg μg/L 3500-Hg.B 0.01 0.01 -- BDL BDL 15 Lead as Pb mg/L 3120.B 0.1 1.0 -- BDL BDL 16 Cadmium as Cd mg/L 3120.B 2.0 1.0 -- BDL BDL Hexavalent Chromium as 3500- 17 +6 mg/L +6 0.1 2.0 -- BDL BDL Cr Cr .B 18 Total Chromium as Cr mg/L 3120.B 2.0 2.0 -- BDL BDL 19 Copper as Cu mg/L 3120.B 3.0 3.0 -- BDL 0.71 20 Zinc as Zn mg/L 3120.B 5.0 15 -- 0.1 0.92 21 Selenium as Se mg/L 3120.B 0.05 0.05 -- BDL BDL 22 Nickel as Ni mg/L 3120.B 3.0 3.0 -- BDL BDL 23 Cyanide as CN- mg/L 4500-CN-.F 0.2 2.0 0.2 BDL BDL 24 Fluoride as F- mg/L 4500-F.C 2.0 15 -- 0.76 0.52 25 Dissolved Phosphates mg/L 4500-P.D 5.0 -- -- 0.36 BDL 26 Sulphide mg/L 4500-S2-.G 2.0 -- -- BDL BDL Phenolic Compounds as 27 mg/L 5530-D 1.0 5.0 -- BDL BDL C6H5OH 90% survival 100 % survival 90% survival 90% survival 100% survival of fish after of fish after of fish after of fish after 96 of fish after 96 28 Bioassay test % survival 96 hours in 96 hours in 96 hours in hours in 100% hours in 100 % 100% 100% effluent 100% effluent effluent effluent effluent 29 Manganese as Mn mg/L 3120.B 2 2 -- BDL BDL
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Standards Part –A: Effluents (GSR 801) RESULT RESULT (E) Inland JVR OC-I JVR OC-II Test Public Land for S.No Test Parameter (s) Unit surface Mine Mine Method sewers irrigation water Discharge Discharge (a) (b) (c) EW-1 EW2 30 Iron as Fe mg/L 3120.B 3 3 -- 0.43 0.58 31 Vanadium as V mg/L 3120.B 0.2 0.2 -- BDL BDL 32 Nitrate Nitrogen mg/L PDA 10 -- -- 4.32 BDL 33 Total residual chlorine mg/L 4500-Cl -B 1.0 -- -- BDL BDL
BDL: Below Detection Limit. Minimum detection limit : Ammonical Nitrogen – 5 mg/L;Free Ammonia – 0.03mg/L; BOD – 2 mg/L; Arsenic – 0.02 mg /L ; Mercury –20 µg/L; Lead –0.04 mg/L; Cadmium – 0.01 mg/L; Hex.Chromium – 0.05 mg/L; Total Chromium – 0.02 mg/L; Copper – 0.02 mg/L; Selenium – 0.04mg /L; Nickel – 0.03 mg/L; Cyanide – 0.05 mg/L; Sulphide – 1 mg/L; Phenols 0.1 mg/L; Manganese – 0.01 mg/L; Vanadium 0.01mg/L, TKN-5 mg/L, Residual free chlorine-1mg/L.
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3.6.3 Summary of Surface Water Quality The analysis results of surface water samples are compared with IS: 2296-1982, Tolerance limits. The analytical results of all the samples along with Tolerance limits for various parameters as per IS 2296-1982 standards are shown above in the Table No. 3.16. As the standard (IS2296-1982) has been withdrawn by IS, the surface water quality is also compared with CPCB water quality criteria. Though IS 2296-1982 has been withdrawn, the analysed data has been compared with this standard, to have better understanding about the nature of surface water bodies in the study area, as CPCB water quality criteria, prescribes only few parameters.The analysis results of surface water samples from all the sampling locations shows that the water can be used for general and agriculture purposes.
3.6.4 Comparison with CPCB water quality criteria In accordance with CPCB water quality criteria, parameters studied were pH, DO, BOD and total coliforms. It may be observed that all the surface water samples have DO values ranging from 5.8 to 6.2 and values are satisfactory and meeting CPCB criteria. pH values were found to be in the range 6.7 to 7.9. BOD found to be more than 3 mg/l in all the surface water samples. Total coliforms and faecal coliforms were present in all the surface water samples collected in the study area. E. Coli was present in SW-3 sample collected within the study area. Presence of Total coliforms, faecal coliforms and E.coli shows contamination from faecal matter or sewage entry and not suitable for direct drinking purpose and needs chlorination before treatment. From the analytical results it can be observed that the surface water samples collected from all the locations require suitable treatment to make them potable. 3.6.5 Summary of Ground Water Quality The analysis results of groundwater samples were compared with IS:10500 of Acceptable and Permissible limits, which are stipulated for water to be fit for drinking purpose with groundwater as source. The results along with the Acceptable and Permissible limits of various parameters as per the IS: 10500, 2012 standards are shown above in the Table No. 3.17. pH values were in the range between 6.8 to 7.6 in the groundwater samples collected within the study area. The TDS values are exceeding the acceptable limits of IS: 10500 but are within the permissible limits in all the ground water samples. The total alkalinity was observed to be above acceptable limit limit of 200 mg/L for all the locations. The total hardness is above the acceptable limit but below the permissible limit of 600 mg/L at all the locations. The concentration of iron (as Fe), is below the acceptable limit of 0.3 mg/L at all locations except at GW-2 (Kistaram 0.59 mg/L). The nitrates concentration is below the acceptable limit of 45 mg/L at all the locations, except at GW-3 (Vengalarao Nagar 55 mg/L). The concentrations of heavy metals Cadmium (Cd), Manganese (as Mn), Copper (Cu), Lead (Pb), Zinc (as Zn), Selenium (as Se), Arsenic (as As), Chromium (Cr), and Nickel (Ni) were either below the detection limits or below the permissible limits. The fluoride concentration in all the samples is within the acceptable limit. The graphical presentation for some parameters, exceeding the limits is shown in Figure Nos. 3.6 & 3.7. The ground water with code numbers GW-1 & GW- 4 can be used for drinking in the absence of any alternative source of water as all the analyzed parameters are within the permissible limits as per BIS : 10500-2012 Standards. However the ground water quality in respect of samples with codes GW-2 & GW-3 indicates that the water requires necessary treatment for making it potable because some of the parameters have exceeded the permissible limits.
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800
700 Total Alkalinity Permissible … 600 500 400 300 200 100 Total Alkalinity (mg/L) 0 GW-2
Groundwater sample locations Fig. 3.6 Graphical presentation of Total Alkalinity Concentrations 1 Iron (as Fe) Acceptable …
0.5 Iron asIron Fe (mg/L)
0 GW-2
Groundwater sample locations Fig. 3.7 Graphical presentation of Iron Concentrations
GW3 Permissible Limits 60 50
3 40 30 20 10
Nitrates as NO 0 GW3 Permissible Limits Ground water sample location
Fig. 3.7 A Graphical presentation of NO3 concentration
3.6.6 Effluent Quality The status of water supply and sanitation is an important indicator of environmental quality in terms of pollution load and related issues. Domestic sewage is responsible for about eighty percent of water pollution in India. Most of the cities are not having sewage treatment and municipal solid waste processing facilities. The analytical results of effluents quality are compared with GSR 801 Standards for Inland surface waters, Public sewers and Land for irrigation. Water from JVR OC-I Mine Discharge is treated and used for agriculture. pH value of JVR OC-I and JVR OC-II mine discharge were found to be 7.3.& 7.8 respectiviey The concentrations of COD, BOD and Fluoride were well within the stipulated limits. The
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E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environmental Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion) concentrations of Cadmium (Cd), Manganese (as Mn), Copper (Cu), Lead (Pb), Zinc (as Zn), Selenium (as Se), Arsenic (as As), Chromium (Cr), Nickel (Ni) and Fluoride (as F) were below the detection limits. 3.7 Hydro-geology Groundwater occurs in both water table and semi-confined conditions in the buffer zone area, on the south and western parts, ground water occurs in the water table conditions in the geological units such as Archaean group of formations, where as in north and eastern parts, it occurs in water table as well as semi-confined conditions in the Gondwana formations. In this area, the attitude of phreatic surface is being monitored seasonally. It varies from 3.48m to 11.85m during pre-monsoon (May) and 2.62m to 10.15m during post-monsoon (November). Depth of these wells varies from 5.15 to 14.35m with a dia. of 1.0 to 6.50m. The average water level fluctuation is 2.24m in sedimentary rocks and 2.22m in hard rock formations. The phreatic surface data is furnished in Table No. 3.19. Hydrographs of phreatic wells are shown in Figure No. 3.8. Piezometric wells were constructed around JVR OCP, at a distance of 220m to 1.8km from the mine. The attitude of the piezometric surface in these wells is being monitored during four seasons in a year. It varies from 9.38m to 28.40m in pre-monsoon and 7.55m to 23.80m in post-monsoon. The water level data is presented in table No. 3.20 and Hydrographs are shown in Figure No. 3.9. The locations of the observation wells and the depth to water level contours during pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons are depicted in Figure Nos. 10 and 11.
Table 3.19 ATTITUDE OF PHREATIC SURFACE IN THE BUFFER ZONE AREA
Total Well Name of Owner's Depth to water (m) Location depth Geology Period No. village name (m) 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Beside Thati Pre- 3.70 3.10 3.20 4.00 3.90 3.80 Ramakrishna monsoon Cheruku Kamthi 1 house Govt well 5.15 palli Fm. Post- 17°15'6.00", 0.80 2.85 3.00 3.10 3.30 4.06 monsoon 80°46'37.00" Opp Primary Pre- 4.55 4.80 5.60 6.60 6.30 8.05 Jagannada school, Barakar monsoon 2 Govt well 14.35 puram 17°14'12.81", Fm. Post- 1.30 2.90 2.80 2.80 2.75 6.48 80°47'19.76" monsoon Pre- STPL main road, 6.60 6.75 8.30 9.60 7.40 7.55 Barakar monsoon 4 Kistaram 17°13'11.98, Govt well 12.00 Fm. Post- 80°46'43.99" 1.45 4.20 5.05 4.22 4.00 4.19 monsoon Towards STPL Pre- 8.05 8.30 10.60 Dry Dry 11.85 main road, Jasti Barakar monsoon 5 Kistaram 12.50 17°12'52.92", Apparao Fm. Post- 4.10 7.60 8.05 7.28 6.40 7.00 80°46'41.34" monsoon Main Road Pre- 4.10 4.45 5.80 4.20 3.30 4.50 Junction, Barakar monsoon 6 Kistaram Jhankhan 8.00 17°12'26.14", Fm. Post- 1.10 2.00 1.40 1.70 2.80 4.08 80°46'35.04" monsoon Near Sarangala Pre- 7.60 6.95 9.50 9.20 8.00 5.30 Chennarao house monsoon 9 Vemsoor Govt well 12.80 Gneisses 17° 7'53.80"N, Post- 1.20 3.50 3.70 1.70 1.60 3.09 80°47'34.40"E monsoon Opp Bus stop and Pre- Kshatria 11.70 11.40 12.70 12.50 12.85 11.16 Sadasivuni Temple, monsoon 13 Janardhan 14.00 Gneisses palem 17° 9'15.00", Post- singh 8.25 9.30 8.40 6.00 4.00 10.15 80°50'17.00" monsoon Pre- Opp. TTD Office, 3.80 3.40 3.80 4.00 3.57 4.50 Narasimh Barakar monsoon 15 Sattupalli 17°12'27.61", 10.30 a reddy Fm. Post- 80°49'48.91" 2.15 4.30 4.30 3.85 4.40 4.18 monsoon Adjacent to road Tota Barakar Pre- 16 Tallamada 8.50 3.50 4.00 5.20 5.30 3.20 3.48 near transformer, Venkat Fm. monsoon
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E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environmental Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
Total Well Name of Owner's Depth to water (m) Location depth Geology Period No. village name (m) 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 17°34'41.68", Rao Post- 1.25 3.00 2.80 4.50 2.00 2.79 80°20'26.32" monsoon Opp.Hanuman Pre- 1.40 7.00 6.20 6.30 11.20 7.00 temple, Pakalapati Barakar monsoon 17 Bethupalli 11.50 17°11'48.25", Jagannad Fm. Post- 1.30 4.90 3.70 8.00 6.50 5.50 80°52'57.75" ham monsoon After crossing Pre- 3.85 4.10 3.20 3.50 3.70 3.80 Kakarla canal Barakar monsoon 19 Govt well 12.50 palli 17°13'30.09", Fm. Post- 1.75 3.50 3.45 3.40 3.40 3.50 80°50'39.41" monsoon Opp Mango Pre- 5.45 4.80 5.00 4.95 4.40 3.82 garden, Near monsoon Rudrak Gangapur 20 Ch.Kelu house Govt. well 7.60 shapalli Fm. Post- 17°15'25.30", 1.55 3.40 3.05 3.03 3.00 2.79 monsoon 80°50'48.79" In Govt.Degree Pre- 8.20 9.00 10.10 9.90 9.34 9.04 College, Barakar monsoon 21 Sattupalli Govt well 12.00 17°12'45.66", Fm. Post- 8.80 9.40 8.80 7.60 5.80 4.31 80°49'26.97" monsoon Pre- Vengalrao nagar 3.50 3.70 5.00 6.50 8.10 6.70 Md.Liyakh Barakar monsoon 22 Sattupalli 17°12'42.61", 8.00 ath Ali Fm. Post- 80°48'36.47" 1.00 4.00 3.70 3.65 3.80 4.03 monsoon Near Lankapalli Pre- Dosapati 11.8 12.00 Dry Dry Dry Dry Junction, monsoon 23 Lankapalli Raghavai 12/8.50 Gneisses 17°12'5.36", Post- ah 1.80 8.80 10.9 7.5 10.5 Dry 80°43'58.88" monsoon Near Pre- Dry 8.50 9.70 Dry Dry Dry Khamakshamma Barren monsoon 25 Gangaram temple, Govt well 12.00 measures Post- 17°12'33.11", Fm. 1.55 10.00 4.00 6.40 9.30 9.90 monsoon 80°53'38.07" Pre- Village end, Palsa 8.10 8.30 7.50 8.40 9.15 5.89 Bugga Gangapur monsoon 26 17°16'50.26", Durga 14.00 padu Fm. Post- 80°51'51.51" prasad 2.50 6.95 5.10 6.80 6.90 4.32 monsoon Pre- Village centre Kosraju 4.65 4.60 4.70 4.60 5.20 6.63 monsoon 27 Tumbur 17° 07'53.98", Sriramam 7.50 Gneisses Post- 80°51'24.11" urthi 1.35 3.00 2.00 1.80 1.80 3.20 monsoon Fig. 3.8 Hydrographs Of Phreatic Wells
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E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environmental Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
Table 3.20 ATTITUDE OF PIEZOMETRIC SURFACE AROUND JVR OCP I&II
Piezometric Depth Measuring Depth to water (m) Location Period Well no. (m) point (m) 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
In the Market Winter 24.08 18.93 25.52 NR NR 21.00 18.29 19.50 17.55 yard,100m NW from quarry Pre-monsoon 26.56 22.72 21.76 16.4 NR 20.00 20.15 21.17 18.00 JVR--PW2 50 0.5 edge Monsoon 22.30 21.44 16.83 NR 19.00 18.20 19.53 14.50 12.17 17°12'40.66"N, 80°48'27.64"E Post-monsoon 19.17 22.05 17.45 16.4 16.66 17.37 17.07 13.83 14.84 About 100m Winter 15.11 12.06 13.17 12.47 14.71 17.00 17.15 16.00 13.31 from Eastern edge, near Pre-monsoon 17.14 13.74 16.31 15.1 16.11 17.65 17.81 17.40 16.00 JVR-PW3 Service 50 0.5 buildings. Monsoon 15.78 13.43 11.50 14.54 16.48 17.03 16.70 16.50 5.70 17°12'41.51"N, Post-monsoon 14 11.12 10.19 11.74 16.8 16.32 14.22 11.7 12.45 80°48'48.66"E About 500m Winter 14.46 8.82 11.20 10.00 12.00 13.26 13.94 13.00 12.62 SW of the quarry, Pre-monsoon 14.58 13.4 14.11 12.41 13.53 14.26 14.64 14.20 13.8 JVR-PW4 Kommepalli 50 0.5 Road. Monsoon 10.81 10.20 7.85 10.20 11.72 13.25 12.81 10.32 5.22 17°11'29.44"N, Post-monsoon 8.27 9.33 6.40 8.25 12.10 12.77 11.60 11.00 9.50 80°46'53.30"E About 500m Winter 36.13 13.96 22.69 21.05 31.00 31.10 36.00 37.00 39.60 South of the quarry, on the Pre-monsoon 24.57 20.25 29.12 31.44 30.65 33.47 33.62 40.80 28.40 JVR-PW6 way to 50 0.5 Vemsoor Monsoon 24.64 26.56 23.20 8.65 12.00 28.20 31.25 6.00 16.50 17°10'47.54"N, Post-monsoon 29.50 28.00 24.50 3.50 11.50 25.49 16.87 10.60 12.80 80°48'22.69"E JVR-PW8 In Mother 50 0.8 Winter 21.20 22.45 25.16 24.82
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E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environmental Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
Theresa Engg. Pre-monsoon 22.60 24.23 25.58 26.34 College, Kothuru. Monsoon 21.45 24.00 24.57 24.32
17°11'18.95"N, Post-monsoon 21.25 24.00 23.50 23.80 80°49'42.38"E Winter 9.25 9.66 9.18 8.58
In JVR Degree college, Pre-monsoon 10.40 11.20 9.54 10.00 JVR-PW9 50 0.8 17°12'45.54"N, Monsoon 9.50 9.70 8.00 7.68 80°49'29.71"E Post-monsoon 8.90 7.91 7.00 7.63
Winter 8.40 8.24 8.87 8.68 Near Hanuman temple, Pre-monsoon 8.72 9.10 9.61 9.38 JVR-PW10 50 0.8 Vemsoor road Monsoon 7.42 8.07 6.8 6.82 17°11'53.66"N, 80°49'22.56"E Post-monsoon 6.96 7.60 7.17 7.55
Fig.3.9-Hydrographs of Piezometric Wells
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E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environmental Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
Fig.3.10 Depth to water level (Pre-monsoon 2018)
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Fig.3.11 Depth to water level (Post monsoon 2018)
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E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environmental Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
3.8 LANDUSE / LAND COVER PATTERN Remote Sensing in recent years has been established as most efficient and cost effective tool for surveying, mapping and monitoring of varied natural and man-made resources. It has become particularly indispensable in mapping and monitoring the dynamic aspects of earth’s surface features including land use / land cover (LU/LC). Although land use at times is abstract, it can admirably be inferred from land cover, which is directly detected by remote sensing sensor and registered on the imagery. Variation in multi- spectral response of the different land cover categories enable detection, identification and categorization of the different land use classes commensurate with the scale of mapping. Guided by these considerations, land use and land cover assessment in the study area was carried out by visual interpretation of Resourcesat 2 LISS MX data and ground truth verification. The major components of land use and land cover assessment methodology are: · Rapid reconnaissance of core area and the buffer area · Development of image interpretation key · Image interpretation with concurrent integration of LU/LC classes · Field validation · Land use and land cover map finalization and statistics generation The various steps involved in land use classification are diagrammatically illustrated in Figure 3.12. Procedural Steps The various procedural steps and Land use and Land cover assessment comprise: Systematic image interpretation involving detection, identification, classification and codification of the Land use and Land cover assessment with reference to image interpretation keys and in conjunction with corresponding topographical and other ancillary maps. The extracted Land use and Land cover classes include cropland, fallows, plantations, scrub, built-up lands, various wasteland categories and probable perennial water bodies. Doubtful area, defining image interpretation keys were marked at each stage of interpretation for ground truth verification and assessment. Ground truth verification Ground truth verification involved collection, verification and record of the different surface features that create specific spectral signatures / image expressions on FCC. In the study area, doubtful areas identified in course of interpretation of satellite imagery were systematically listed and transferred on to the corresponding SoI topographical maps for ground verification. In addition to these, traverses were made with reference to SoI topographical maps to verify interpreted LU/LC classes. Collateral Data Collateral data has been derived from Survey of India topographical maps. Also, local farmers and villagers.
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E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environmental Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
Satellite imagery SoI Toposheets Collateral data
Reconnaissance visit Reconnaissance
Interpretation keys Visual interpretation
LU / LC CLASSES
Pre-field interpretation map
Quality check
Ground truth validation Field photography
Updated map
Quality check
Final LU / LC Map
Figure 3.12 Methodology of the LU / LC mapping 3.8.1 Land use Categories The Land use / Land cover information provides extent and spatial distribution of various Land use and Land cover categories derived by the interpretation of satellite imagery presented in Fig.3.13, 3.14 and 3.15. The following land use categories have been mapped in the area and are presented in Fig.3.16 and 3.17. The land use / land cover for core and buffer zone of the project area given as Table No. 3.21 and 3.22 respectively. · Settlements · Kharif crop area · Rabi crop area · Double crop area · Plantation · Fallow land · Dense scrub · Open scrub
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· Closed forest · Open scrub forest · Forest plantation · Mining · River / Canal / Tank
Table 3.21 Land use and land cover statistics of Core Zone Percentage S.No Land use and land cover category Area in ha of distribution 1 Settlements 6.03 0.31 2 Colony 20.98 1.07 3 Kharif crop 103.81 5.31 4 Rabi crop 2.59 0.13 5 Double crop 111.51 5.71 6 Plantation 219.77 11.25 7 Closed forest 479.82 24.56 8 Open forest 24.82 1.27 9 Forest plantation 92.18 4.72 10 Dense scrub 59.35 3.04 11 Open scrub 113.66 5.82 12 Mining area 56.32 2.88 13 Biologically reclaimed area (Plantation) 205.03 10.50 14 OB Dump (without vegetative cover) 309.95 15.87 15 Coal handling plant 20.55 1.05 16 Coal washery 13.03 0.67 17 Service buildings 16.41 0.84 18 Mine sump 12.52 0.64 19 Tanks 39.35 2.01 20 Access road 45.79 2.34 Total area 1953.46 100.00
Table 3.22 Land use and land cover statistics of 10 Km buffer area Land use and land cover category Area in ha Percentage of distribution Builtup land Settlements 2326.71 4.63 Agricultural land Kharif crop area 10700.05 21.29 Rabi crop area 1270.16 2.53 Double crop area 12682.68 25.23 Plantation 6030.84 12.00 Fallow land 217.60 0.43 Wastelands Dense scrub 375.21 0.75 Open scrub 958.47 1.91 Forest area
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Closed forest 10099.86 20.09 Open scrub forest 761.24 1.51 Forest plantation 1150.66 2.29 Mining area Mining 630.35 1.25 Water bodies Water bodies 2795.54 5.56 River / Canal / Tank 262.43 0.52 Total 50261.80 100.00 Based on the interpretation of remotely sensed satellite data it is observed in the buffer area that · agricultural activity is observed in about 61.48 % of area (25.23% area is double crop, a. Kharif crop land occupy 21.29%, rabi crop in 2.53% area, commercial plantations in 12.00 % area and agricultural fallows occupy only 0.43% of area) · wastelands occupy 2.65% of area · forest land occupy 23.90 % of area · mining area is 1.25% · water bodies occupy 6.08 % of the area.
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Figure 3.13 Satellite Imagery in the core area
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Figure 3.14 Satellite Imagery in the Study area (Kharif season)
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Figure 3.15 Satellite Imagery in the Study area (Rabi season)
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Figure 3.16 LULC map in the Study area
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Figure 3.17 LULC map in the Core area
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3.9 SOIL QUALITY 3.9.1 Baseline Status of Soil with respect to Conventional Parameters Four soil samples were collected in the study area of project site. The soil samples collected from the locations where land is being used for agricultural purpose. Location of these places is presented in Table 3.26 and Figure 3.4. Representative soil samples from depth (30 cm) were collected from these locations to estimate the physico-chemical characteristics of soil. Standard methods of soil is given Table 3.25 and soil sampling locations are shown in Table 3.26 . Table 3.23 Methods for Analysis of Soil Samples S.No. Parameter (s) Unit Test Method Physical Parameters 1. Soil Texture -- Bouyoucos Hydrometer Method Particle size distribution Sand % 2. Silt % Bouyoucos Hydrometer Method Clay % 3. Water Holding Capacity % Keen Roezkowski Box Method 4. Porosity % Keen Roezkowski Box Method 5. Bulk Density gm/cm3 Keen Roezkowski Box Method Physico Chemical Parameters 1. pH -- IS: 2720 2. Electrical Conductivity mmhos/cm IS: 14767: 2000 3. Cation Exchange Capacity meq IS: 2720 4. SAR -- By-calculation 5. Organic Carbon % Walkley & Black Exchangeable cations: 1. Exchangeable Calcium meq/100 gm M.L. Jackson 2. Exchangeable Magnesium meq/100 gm M.L. Jackson 3. Exchangeable Sodium meq/100 gm M.L. Jackson 4. Exchangeable Potassium meq/100 gm M.L. Jackson Macro Elements: 1. Nitrogen kg ha-1 Subbaiah and Asija 1956 2. Phosphorous kg ha-1 Olsen’s S.R.Method 3. Potassium kg ha-1 AmmoniumAcetate Extract Method Micro Elements 1. Cadmium as Cd mg/kg SW-846-6010 B 2. Chromium as Cr mg/kg SW-846-6010 B 3. Lead as Pb mg/kg SW-846-6010 B 4. Nickel as Ni mg/kg SW-846-6010 B 5. Copper as Cu mg/kg SW-846-6010 B 6. Zinc as Zn mg/kg SW-846-6010 B 7. Manganese as Mn mg/kg SW-846-6010 B
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Table 3.24 List of Soil Sampling Locations S. Sample Sampling Date of Latitude Longitude No. Code Location sampling 1. S-1 Pallewada N 17010’36.3’’ E 80044’28.3’’ 02.05.2018 2. S-2 Kistaram N 17012’26.8’’ E 80046’40.5’’ 02.05.2018 3. S-3 Rejarla N 17010’16.0’’ E 80048’24.2’’ 02.05.2018 4. S-4 Kommepalli N 17011’22.3’’ E 80046’59.2’’ 02.05.2018
Table 3.25 Standard Soil Classification S. No. Soil Test Classification 1 pH <4.5 Extremely acidic 4.51 – 5.50 Very strongly acidic 5.51 – 6.0 moderately acidic 6.01 – 6.50 slightly acidic 6.51 – 7.30 Neutral 7.31 - 7.80 slightly alkaline 7.81 – 8.50 moderately alkaline 8.51 – 9.0 strongly alkaline 9.01 very strongly alkaline 2 Salinity Electrical Up to 1.00 Average Conductivity (mmhos/cm) 1.01 -2.00 harmful to germination ( 1ppm = 640 mmho/cm) 2.01 – 3.00 harmful to crops (sensitive to salts) 3 Organic Carbon Up to 0.2 : very less 0.21 – 0.4 : less 0.41 – 0.5 : medium 0.51 – 0.8 : on an average sufficient 0.81 – 1.00 : sufficient > 1.0 more than sufficient 4 Nitrogen (kg ha-1) Up to 50 very less 51 – 100 less 101 – 150 good 151 – 300 better >300 sufficient 5 Phosphorus (kg ha-1) Up to 15 very less 16 – 30 less 31 – 50 medium 51 – 65 on an average sufficient 66 – 80 sufficient >80 more than sufficient 6 Potash (kg ha-1) 0 -120 very less 120 – 180 less 181 – 240 medium 241 – 300 average 301 – 360 better >360 more than sufficient
Table 3.26 Textural Class of Soil S.No Sampling Stations Soil Texture Soil Depth 1 Pallewada (S1) Sandy Clay Loam 30cm 2 Kistaram (S2) Clay 30cm 3 Rejarla (S3) Sandy Clay Loam 30cm 4 Kommepalli (S4) Sandy Clay Loam 30cm
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Table 3.27 Physical Characteristics of Soil Particle Size Water Holding Porosity Sampling Distribution Capacity S.No. Stations Sand Silt (%) Clay (%) (%) (%) (%) 1. Pallewada (S1) 65.0 10.0 25.0 25 41 2. Kistaram (S2) 25.0 14.3 60.7 46 58 3. Rejarla (S3) 62.5 8.3 29.2 38 44 4. Kommepalli(S4) 65.8 10.5 23.7 21 42
Table 3.28 Chemical Characteristics of Soil Extract Sampling EC CEC Organic S.No. pH SAR Stations (mmhos/cm) (meq %) Carbon (%) 1. Pallewada (S1) 7.3 0.312 20 0.06 0.68 2. Kistaram (S2) 7.2 0.292 18.2 0.07 0.56 3. Rejarla (S3) 7.4 0.342 16 0.04 0.62 4. Kommepalli (S4) 7.2 0.276 16.5 0.05 0.45 Table 3.29 Exchangeable Cations of Soil S.No. Sampling Stations Ex-Ca Ex-Mg Ex-Na Ex-K (meq/100gr) 1. Pallewada (S1) 7.3 6.9 0.96 0.26 2. Kistaram (S2) 6.6 5.6 1.02 0.39 3. Rejarla (S3) 5.6 5.4 0.56 0.50 4. Kommepalli (S4) 6.1 5.7 0.76 0.36 Table 3.30 Fertility Status of Soils in Study Area Available Available Available S.No. Sampling Stations Nitrogen Phosphorous Potassium Kg/ha 1. Pallewada (S1) 225 18.1 229 2. Kistaram (S2) 195 16.0 343 3. Rejarla (S3) 240 15.7 440 4. Kommepalli (S4) 215 16.4 319 Table 3.31 Trace Metals Content in Soil Cd Cr Pb Ni Cu Zn Mn S.No. Sampling Stations mg/kg 1. Pallewada (S1) BDL 44 13 29 21 35 703 2. Kistaram (S2) BDL 48 13 35 32 44 531 3. Rejarla (S3) BDL 78 17 53 56 32 1680 4. Kommepalli (S4) BDL 27 5 16 8 29 196 BDL:Below Detection limit, Cadmium:4mg/kg, Lead:5mg/kg
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3.9.2 Physical Properties of Soil Air-dried and sieved samples were used for determination of physical properties of soil. Soil characteristics such as the texture of the soil vary from, clay and sandy clay loam in Table 3.3.8.3. The physical characteristics of soils viz., particle size distribution (sand, silt, clay), porosity and water holding capacity are presented in Table 3.29. The porosity and water holding capacity are in the range of 41 - 58% and 21 – 46% respectively. The range of porosity indicates a clayey soil with good water holding capacity for plant growth.
3.9.3 Chemical Properties of Soil The collected soil samples were analyzed for various chemical properties. The parameters selected were pH, Electrical Conductivity, Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC), Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), Organic carbon, Ex.Ca, Ex.Mg, Ex.Na & Ex.K. The results are presented in Tables 3.31. pH is an important parameter which indicates the alkaline or acidic nature of soil. Soils collected from the villages in the study area are neutral to slightly alkaline in nature having pH in the range of 7.2 to 7.4. The EC for the soil samples are in the range of 0.276 - 0.342 mmhos/cm. Cation Exchange Capacity which was found to be in the range of 16 to 20 meq%. 3.9.4 Nutrient Status The macro nutrients like Nitrogen (N) Phosphorus (P) Potassium (K) were analyzed in the study area and compared with standard soil classification, published by ICAR. The Nitrogen value range from 195 to 240 kgha-1. Nitrogen values are observed to be in better category. The minimum value was observed at Kistaram and the maximum value was observed at Rejarla. The Phosphorus value ranged from 15.7 to 18.1 kg ha-1 indicating that the values are in fewer categories. The maximum value of 18.1 kg ha-1 was found at Pallewada and the minimum value of 15.7 kg ha-1 at Rejarla. The Potassium value ranged from 229 to 440 kg ha-1 indicating that values are observed to be in medium to more than sufficient category. The maximum value was found at Rejarla and the minimum value was observed at Pallewada. Available Nitrogen 195 to 240 kgha-1 Available Phosphorous 15.7 to 18.1 kg ha-1 Available Potassium 229 to 440 kg ha-1
3.10 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT Ecological study for the JVR OCP (I&II) expansion project located at, Khammam district, Telangana was undertaken with the aim of preparing a checklist of flora in locations where project components are proposed and its adjoining areas.The main objectives of the study are to: 1. To assess flora of core and buffer zones (aquatic and terrestrial) 2. Quantitative estimation of forest flora like Abundance, Frequency, Density, Relative density, Relative dominance, Relative frequency, Important Value Index, Simpson dominance index and Shannon weiner diversity index 3. Assess fauna and avi-fauna as per Wildlife Protection Act (1972) and as per International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) 4. To document ecologically sensitive areas in the study area like National Park, Sanctuaries, Biosphere Reserve, Tiger Reserve, endangered species and wildlife corridors, if any 5. Collect wild life migratory routes in core and buffer zones, if any
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3.10.1 Floral Diversity a) Methodology The study was aimed at enumeration of the available plant resources including endangered species and obtaining a broad representation of the existing floristic variations in the proposed core zone and buffer zone. The core and buffer areas of the proposed project site were surveyed and enumerated plant species for the study of floristic diversity and inventorized the floral resources. All the species were identified by using Flora of the Presidency of Madras by Gamble (1915-36) and local floras. The species nomenclature was referred from www.theplantlist.org. b) Field Equipment /Softwares The field equipment and accessories that were carried during the survey include 1. Digital Camera (Nikon Coolpix p900) 2. Global Positioning System (GPS) 3. Binoculars (for flora and fauna identification) 4. Field note book 5. Toposheet 6. Scissors, Secateurs, Knife, Field bag and Covers 7. Standard field data sheet 8. MS-Excel for Phyto-sociological calculations and graphs c) Phytosociology: Selection of sites for vegetation data was done by random sampling procedure. Sample plots were selected at specific places in order to accommodate maximum representation of different types of plants. Plots were laid out in different parts of core and buffer zones of project site. Accordingly, quadrats of 10 m x 10 m for the study of trees were laid. Within these sample plots, sub-plots of 3 m x 3 m for shrub and regeneration species and 1 m x 1 m for Herbs. The primary data recorded on number of individuals in a species were utilized to derive secondary attributes like density, frequency and abundance following standard phyto- sociological methods of Misra (1968). Important Value Index (IVI) was estimated following the formula developed by Cottam and Curtis (1956) taking into consideration of relative frequency and relative density. For Trees IVI value is calculated using Relative Dominance (RDom.)+Relative Frequency (RF) +Relative Density (RD). For Herbs IVI is calculated using (Relative Abundance) RA+RD+RF. Species diversity indices like Shannon-Wiener Index (H`) and Simpson’s Index (l) were calculated as per Magurran (1988). Formulae used for various calculations are as follows:
Total number of individuals of a species Density (D) = Total number of sampling units studied Number of sampling units of occurence Frequency (F) = x100 Total number of sampling units studied Total number of individuals in all quadrants Abundance (A) = x100 Total number of sampling units of occurrence Number of individuals of a species Relative Density (RD) = x100 Total number of individuals of all species Number of occurrences of a species Relative Frequency (RF) = x100 Total number of occurrences of all species Relative Dominance (RDom) = Combined basal area of a single species x100
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Total basal area of all species + RDom for trees = RA+RD+RF for Herbs d) Simpson Index (Simpson, 1949) The species dominance was measured by using Simpson’s index. It is a measure of dominance since it weighted towards the abundances of commonest species. It is estimated by using formula: Cd = å (ni/N)2 e) Shannon - Wiener index (Shannon and Weaver, 1963) Shannon’s index of diversity is the measure of the average degree of uncertainity in predicting to what species individuals chosen at random from a collection of ‘S’ species and ‘N’ individuals will belong. This average uncertainity increases as the number of species increases and as the distribution of individuals among the species becomes even. Thus, H'=0 when all species are represented by the same number of individuals. It is estimated by using the formula: The species diversity was determined by Shannon – Wiener index H' = - å (ni/N) log (ni/N) Where, ni = number of individuals belonging to the ith species N = Total number of individuals in the sample f) Faunal Diversity: Efforts were made to identify habitats for Mammalian, Avifauna and Reptilian fauna within the study area. Baseline survey of these populations was undertaken within those selected habitats.For mammals and reptiles, intensive surveys were conducted by using transect method in all major habitats and recorded the species through direct and indirect evidences. For amphibians, surveys were conducted both at aquatic and terrestrial systems during day & night searching under the logs and stones, digging through litter and soil, searching short bushes and tree hollows and under fallen barks. For sampling butterflies, line transect of variable length was used widely. Generally, 500 to 1000m transect has been laid in all the habitats. Butterflies seen at 5m on either side of this transect were recorded. Birds were sampled in two ways, i.e., 1) line transects and 2) point counts. Line transect: In this method, a straight line of 1km or less if the habitat is small was laid. In this line, all birds seen or heard 25 m on either side of transect were recorded. Point counts: In this method, at one-point birds seen or heard 50 m radius has been recorded for 5 minutes. After this, a gap of 10 minutes, repeated the observations and recorded. In the same way repeated the observation in another point and recorded different species of birds. Photographs were taken for evidences.
3.10.2 Results A total of 292 plant species belonging to 226 genera and 64 families were recorded in the Core and Buffer zones as shown in the Annexure 3C.
3.10.3 Species exclusively distribution in Core and Buffer Zones Out of 292 plant species listed in the study area, 185 species were found exclusive to buffer while 32 species were recorded exclusive to core and 68 species were recorded in core and buffer zones.
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3.10.4 Life form analysis A total of 292 species were recorded from the study area. Table 3.32 below shows habitation distribution
Table 3.32 Habitat distribution S.No. Habit No. of taxa 1 Trees 100 2 Shrubs 48 3 Liana 18 4 Climbers 23 5 Herbs 103 As the vegetation analysis suggests there are more of herbaceous species (103 species) followed by tree species (100) in comparison to other life forms. This infers the area is predominantly woody with tree cover 3.10.5 Dominant families in the study area The family Leguminosae is represented by 57 species and 35 genera followed by Poaceae (21 species and 16 genera), Malvaceae (17 species and 13 genera) Acanthaceae (12 species and 11 genera), Apocynaceae (12 species and 10 genera), Compositae (12 species and 12 genera), etc. The total families with genera along with species are shown in Table 3.33. Table 3.33 Dominant Families in the study area
S.No. Family No. of species No. of genera 1 Leguminosae 57 35 2 Poaceae 21 16 3 Malvaceae 17 13 4 Acanthaceae 12 11 5 Apocynaceae 12 10 6 Compositae 12 12 7 Rubiaceae 12 9 8 Phyllanthaceae 11 6 9 Lamiaceae 9 7 10 Convolvulaceae 8 4 11 Combretaceae 7 4 12 Rutaceae 7 7 13 Amaranthaceae 6 6 14 Euphorbiaceae 6 5 15 Moraceae 6 3 16 Arecaceae 5 4 17 Cyperaceae 5 4
3.10.6 Quantitative assessment Primary information collected on the vegetation from core and buffer zones were analyzed to arrive at different phytosociological attributes, namely, Density, Frequency, Abundance,
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Relative Frequency, Relative Density, Relative dominance. Important Value Index is measured using last three parameters.
3.10.7 Trees in the Core zone Hardwickia binata is a most abundant species in the study area followed by Lannea coromandelica, Diospyros melanoxylon, Diospyros chloroxylon, Pterospermum xylocarpum, Anogeissus latifolia, Chloroxylon swietenia, Xylia xylocarpa, Strychnos nux-vomica, Terminalia bellirica and Terminalia tomentosa. Occasional species are Aegle marmelos, Albizia odoratissima, Bombax ceiba, Dalbergia lanceolaria subsp. paniculata, Mitragyna parvifolia, Gardenia latifolia, Miliusa tomentosa, Phyllanthus emblica, Pterospermum acerifolium, Soymida febrifuga and Schleichera oleosa. Rare species in the study area are Boswellia serrata, Dalbergia latifolia, Firmiana simplex, Garuga pinnata, Glochidion zeylanicum, Naringi crenulata, Polyalthia cerasoides, Pterocarpus marsupium and Strychnos potatorum. A community dominated by one or two species is considered to be less diverse than one in which several different species have a similar abundance. As species richness and evenness increase, so diversity increases. Simpson's Diversity Index is a measure of diversity which takes into account both richness and evenness. The value of D ranges between 0 and 1. With this index, 0 represents infinite diversity and 1, no diversity. That is, the bigger the value of D, the lower the diversity. Simpson’s Index values of 0.10 which infers this area is with rich biological diversity. The Shannon diversity index (H) is another index that is commonly used to characterize species diversity in a community. Like Simpson's index, Shannon's index accounts for both abundance and evenness of the species present.Hardwickia binata is identified as the most dominant species with 33.2 Importance Value Index followed by Lannea coromandelica (32.03), Diospyros melanoxylon (31.81), Diospyros chloroxylon (27.49), Pterospermum xylocarpum (21.43), Chloroxylon swietenia (20.75), Anogeissus latifolia (15.36) and Strychnos nux-vomica (13.34) is given in Table 3.34. There are two important indices to denote the diversity such as Simpson’s Index value of 0.17 and Shannon Wiener Index value of 0.96 for trees. Table 3.34 Most dominant tree species in the Core zone
S.No. Name of the taxa Family A D F RA RD RF IVI 1 Hardwickia binata Leguminosae 5.00 2.14 42.86 10.00 15.31 7.89 33.20 Lannea 2 Anacardiaceae 2.00 1.71 85.71 4.00 12.24 15.79 32.03 coromandelica Diospyros 3 Ebenaceae 3.50 2.00 57.14 7.00 14.29 10.52 31.81 melanoxylon 4 Diospyros chloroxylon Ebenaceae 5.50 1.57 28.57 11.00 11.22 5.26 27.49 Pterospermum 5 Malvaceae 4.00 1.14 28.57 8.00 8.16 5.26 21.43 xylocarpum 6 Chloroxylon swietenia Rutaceae 6.00 0.86 14.29 12.00 6.12 2.63 20.75 7 Anogeissus latifolia Combretaceae 2.50 0.71 28.57 5.00 5.10 5.26 15.36 8 Strychnos nux-vomica Loganiaceae 2.00 0.57 28.57 4.00 4.08 5.26 13.34
3.10.8 Shrubs in the Core zone Among the shrubs, Ixora pavetta (70.18) exhibits higher IVI followed by Carissa carandas (31.65), Canthium coromandelicum (30.37), Getonia floribunda (28.93) and Helicteres isora (20.76) is given in Table 3.35. Simpson’s Index value of 0.17 and Shannon Wiener Index value of 0.96 for shrubs.
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Table 3.35 Most dominant shrub species in the Core zone S.No. Name of the taxa Family A D F RA RD RF IVI 1 Ixora pavetta Rubiaceae 5.60 4.00 71.43 15.95 36.36 17.86 70.18 2 Carissa carandas Apocynaceae 4.50 1.29 28.57 12.82 11.69 7.14 31.65 Canthium 3 Rubiaceae 2.00 1.14 57.14 5.70 10.39 14.29 30.37 coromandelicum 4 Getonia floribunda Combretaceae 4.00 1.14 28.57 11.40 10.39 7.14 28.93 5 Helicteres isora Malvaceae 2.50 0.71 28.57 7.12 6.49 7.14 20.76
3.10.9 Herbs in the Core zone Among the herbs the most dominant species are Aristida adscensionis (72.83) followed by Spermacoce hispida (41.75), Heteropogon contortus (28.84), Hemidesmus indicus (26.91), Pavonia zeylanica (22.46), etc., is given in Table 3.36. Simpson’s Index value of 0.18 and Shannon Wiener Index value of 0.92 for herbs. Table 3.36 Most dominant herb species in the Core zone S.No. Name of the taxa Family A D F RA RD RF IVI Aristida 1 Poaceae 4.17 3.57 85.71 11.06 35.71 26.05 72.83 adscensionis 2 Spermacoce hispida Rubiaceae 6.00 1.71 28.57 15.93 17.14 8.68 41.75 Heteropogon 3 Poaceae 6.00 0.86 14.29 15.93 8.57 4.34 28.84 contortus Hemidesmus 4 Apocynaceae 2.00 0.86 42.86 5.31 8.57 13.03 26.91 indicus 5 Pavonia zeylanica Malvaceae 2.50 0.71 28.57 6.64 7.14 8.68 22.46 Hemigraphis 6 Acanthaceae 3.00 0.43 14.29 7.96 4.29 4.34 16.59 latebrosa 7 Justicia vahlii Acanthaceae 2.00 0.29 14.29 5.31 2.86 4.34 12.51
3.10.10 Trees in the Buffer zone Miliusa tomentosa is a most abundant species in the study area followed by Aegle marmelos, Chloroxylon swietenia,Grewia tiliifolia, Lannea coromandelica, Mitragyna parvifolia, Morinda pubescens, Phyllanthus emblica, Polyalthia cerasoides, Pterospermum xylocarpum, Soymida febrifuga, Anogeissus latifolia, Terminalia bellirica and Wrightia tinctoria. Occasional species are Boswellia serrata, Dalbergialanceolaria subsp. paniculata, Erythroxylum monogynum, Gmelina arborea, Haldina cordifolia, Pterocarpus marsupium andTerminalia tomentosa. Rare species in the study area are Dalbergia latifolia, Firmiana simplex, Glochidion zeylanicum, Pterocarpus marsupium and Manilkara hexandra. Lannea coromandelica is identified as the most dominant species with 27.49 Importance Value Index followed by Polyalthia cerasoides (21.43), Morinda pubescens (20.75), Grewia tiliifolia (15.36), Miliusa tomentosa and Chloroxylon swietenia each 13.34, etc., is given in Table 3.37. There are two important indices to denote the diversity such as Simpson’s Index value of 0.29 and Shannon Wiener Index value of 1.02 for trees.
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Table 3.37 Most dominant tree species in the Buffer zone S. Name of the taxa Family A D F RA RD RF IVI No. Lannea 1 Anacardiaceae 5.50 1.57 28.57 11.00 11.22 5.26 27.49 coromandelica Polyalthia 2 Annonaceae 4.00 1.14 28.57 8.00 8.16 5.26 21.43 cerasoides 3 Morinda pubescens Rubiaceae 6.00 0.86 14.29 12.00 6.12 2.63 20.75 4 Grewia tiliifolia Malvaceae 2.50 0.71 28.57 5.00 5.10 5.26 15.36 5 Miliusa tomentosa Annonaceae 2.00 0.57 28.57 4.00 4.08 5.26 13.34 Chloroxylon 6 Rutaceae 2.00 0.57 28.57 4.00 4.08 5.26 13.34 swietenia Pterospermum 7 Malvaceae 2.00 0.29 14.29 5.70 2.60 3.57 11.87 xylocarpum 8 Mitragyna parvifolia Rubiaceae 3.00 0.43 14.29 6.00 3.06 2.63 11.69 9 Aegle marmelos Rutaceae 1.50 0.43 28.57 3.00 3.06 5.26 11.32
3.10.11 Shrubs in the Buffer zone Among the shrubs, Canthium coromandelicum (42.67) exhibits higher IVI followed by Carissa spinarum (38.12), Helicteres isora (26.87), Erythroxylum monogynum (24.01), Flacourtia indica (23.30) and Derris scandens (20.48) is given in Table 3.38. Simpson’s Index value of 0.17 and Shannon Wiener Index value of 1.02 for shrubs. Table 3.38 Most dominant shrub species in the Buffer zone Name of the S.No. Family A D F RA RD RF IVI taxa 1 Canthium Rubiaceae 1.50 1.2 80 11.070 16.216 15.38 42.67 coromandelicum 2 Carissa spinarum Apocynaceae 1.25 1 80 9.225 13.514 15.38 38.12 3 Helicteres isora Malvaceae 1.50 0.6 40 11.070 8.108 7.69 26.87 4 Erythroxylum Erythroxylaceae 2.00 0.4 20 14.760 5.405 3.85 24.01 monogynum 5 Flacourtia indica Salicaceae 1.50 0.6 40 8.152 7.143 8.00 23.30 6 Derris scandens Leguminosae 1.00 0.4 40 7.380 5.405 7.69 20.48
3.10.12 Herbs in the Buffer zone Among the herbs the most dominant species are Hemigraphis latebrosa (34.34) followed by Heteropogon contortus (33.54), Hemidesmus indicus (29.14), Rhynchosia rufescens (26.98), Hybanthus enneaspermus (22.03) and Phyllanthus virgatus (20.53) is given in Table 3.39. Simpson’s Index values of 0.14 and Shannon Wiener Index value of 0.96 for herbs. Table 3.39 Most dominant herb species in the Buffer zone Name of the S.No. Family A D F RA RD RF IVI taxa Hemigraphis 1 Acanthaceae 2.50 1 40 14.90 11.11 8.33 34.34 latebrosa Heteropogon 2 Poaceae 1.67 1 60 9.93 11.11 12.50 33.54 contortus Hemidesmus 2 Apocynaceae 2.00 0.8 40 11.92 8.89 8.33 29.14 indicus Rhynchosia 3 Leguminosae 1.33 0.8 60 7.18 9.091 10.71 26.98 rufescens
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Hybanthus 4 enneaspermu Violaceae 1.50 0.6 40 8.07 6.818 7.14 22.03 s Phyllanthus 6 Phyllanthaceae 2.00 0.4 20 11.92 4.44 4.17 20.53 virgatus
Threatened Flora of the Study Area
A total of 292 plant species belonging to 226 genera and 64 families were recorded in the study area of which 4 species Chloroxylon swietenia, Cleistanthus collinu and Dalbergia latifolia under Vulnerable category and Pterocarpus marsupium were identified as Near Threatened category as per IUCN Red list. Local status of these species recorded in the study area are shown in Table 3.40.
Table 3.40 Threatened flora recorded in the study area S.No Name of the species Common Status in Study Area IUCN Status 1 Chloroxylon swietenia DC. Billudu Common Vulnerable 2 Cleistanthus collinus (Roxb.) Kodisa Common Vulnerable Benth. ex Hook.f. 4 Dalbergia latifolia Roxb. Jittegi Occasional Vulnerable 5 Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. Peddaegi Occasional Near Threatened
3.10.13 Faunal Diversity In order to collect the information on the fauna (mammals, birds, herpetofauna, and butterflies) in the study area, primary as well as secondary sources were utilized. Following methods were adopted during the survey of fauna. i. The forest divisions falling in the study area were referred for secondary information on the wildlife. ii. Interacted with the local villagers and even some households to collect the information on the presence of various animal species within each locality. iii. Data collection on animal presence by direct sighting and indirect evidences such as signs, calls, tracks and faecal pellets of mammals were recorded along the survey routes. A detailed survey was carried out for the mammals, birds, reptiles and butterflies by selecting various sites which are likely to be disturbed by the various activities of the project. The birds were surveyed in the morning hours while butterflies in noon hours.
3.10.14 Status Of Fauna As Per Indian Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 In the proposed site, a total of 12 species of mammals belonging to 4 orders & 8 families were recorded (Annexure 3D). The species includes, Wild boar (Sus scrofa), Common Mangoose (Herpestes edwardsii), Three-striped palm squirrel (Funambulus palmarum), Lesser Bandicoot Rat (Bandicota bengalensis) and Black naped hare (Lepus nigricollis) are the common species. Among the birds, 76 species belonging to 17 orders and 41 families were recorded (Annexure 3E). The order Passeriformes represented with high number (37 species) followed by Pelecaniformes (6 species), Columbiformes (5 species), Accipitriformes and Pelecaniformes each 4 species, Coraciformes (3 species), etc. The common bird species of the area include Blue rock pigeon (Columba livia), Large grey babbler (Turdoides malcolmi), edvented bulbul (Pycnonotus cafer), Black drongo (Dicrurus macrocercus), Indian peafowl (Pavo cristatus) and Small green bee-eater (Merops orientalis). Alexandrine Parakeet (Psittacula eupatria) and Painted Stork (Mycteria leucocephalaare listed as Near Threatened category as per IUCN.
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In detailed herpetofauna include reptiles and amphibians consisting of two major orders namely squamata and anura. A total of 9 species of reptiles belonging to order squamata and 5 species of amphibians belonging to order anura were recorded in the region of which 3 species of lizards viz., Common garden lizard (Calotes versicolar), Indian rat snake (Ptyas mucosa) and Fan throated lizard (Sitana ponticeriana) are common in occurrence. Two species of amphibians Paddy Field Frog (Fejervarya limnocharis) and Common tree frog (Polypedates maculatus) are common in occurrence. Indian rock python (Python molurus) & Red sand boa (Eryx johnii) are listed as Near Threatened category as per IUCN. The herpetofauna represented with 15 species belonging to 2 orders and 9 families (Annexure 3F). Annexure 3G shows 35 species belonging to 3 orders and 11 families, 2 butterfly species Lemon Pancy (Junonia lemonias) and Danaid egg fly (Hypolimnas misippus) are common to the region. Fishes are very important from the biodiversity point of view enjoying different ecosystems, habitats and niches of aquatic environment. Fish collection was made with the help of hand operated nests of varying sizes by randomly netting different areas of the surrounding water bodies. A total of 28 species were recorded belonging to different orders is shown in Annexure 3H. The Species richness was high in birds (78 species) followed by Spiders and Butterflies (35 species), Fishes (28 species) Herpeto fauna (16 species) and Mammals (13 species). This shows poor representation of species composition with low levels of energy transfer, predation, composition and niche availability. Most of the buffer area is open with dry and desiccated conditions, resulted poor number of species diversity as the fauna is considered. However avian diversity is satisfactory to the region, irrespective to having very few water bodies in the study area. Photographs showing flora and fauna study conducted in the study area of the project are shown as Annexure-3I. Table 3.41 Faunal composition in the Buffer area of the study area Order No. of species Mammals 12 Birds 76 Herpetofauna 15 Spiders & Butterflies 35 Fishes 28 Total 166
3.10.15 Threatened fauna recorded in the study area Threatened animal species which are encountered during the present study in the study area is Sambar Deer (Rusa unicolor) listed in Vulnerable category. Whereas Alexandrine Parakeet (Psittacula eupatria), Painted Stork (Mycteria leucocephala), Indian rock python (Python molurus) & Red sand boa (Eryx johnii) are listed as Near Threatened category. Indian Monitor Lizard is of Least Concern as per IUCN Red list. Local status of these species recorded in the study area are shown in Table 3.42 . Table No. 3.42 Threatened fauna recorded in the study area Status in S. Name of the IWPA IUCN Common Study No. species Status Status Area 1 Psittacula eupatria Alexandrine Parakeet Rare IV Near Threatened Mycteria Painted Stork Occasional IV Near Threatened 2 leucocephala 3 Python molurus Indian rock python Rare Sch-I Near threatened
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Eryx johnii Red sand boa Rare Sch-IV Near threatened 4 5 Varanus Indian Monitor Rare Sch-I Least concern bengalensis Lizard
3.11 Socio –economic Status The JVR OCP (I&II) is a proposed project at Sathupally area of Khammam District, Telangana State. The study site is surrounded by 36 census villages (78 total villages as per the topo sheet) within 10km radius which covers both the states of Telangana and Andhra Pradesh. The socio-economic aspects, demographic structure, economic and livelihood pattern of the 9 villages and 1 hamlet were analyzed based on the primary data. This chapter contains the socioeconomic analysis of 9 revenue villages and 1 hamlet village which analysis 204 sample of households (5 % of households) based on the primary data generated through field survey.
3.11.1 Demographic Profile Of The Study Area As Per Census 2011 Data To assess the anticipated impacts of the proposed activities of the project on the socio- economic aspects of people, it was necessary to study the existing socio-economic status of the local population and to arrive at what is required to be done to deal with the adverse impacts and to improve the quality of life of the population living in the study area. The human settlements, demography, social strata, literacy levels and infrastructure facilities available in the area were studied. The economic aspect included the study of occupational pattern of people. The baseline data on distribution of population, density of population, literacy, and work participation was obtained from the Census of India 2011 and given in Annexure-3J. Demographic profile of the study area is given in Annexure-3K. The population of the study area of both districts as compared to state is 2.18% only, where the study area population is only 0.39%. The population density of the project area is 307.58/sq.km as compared with other Districts. This shows more population is spread around the project area due to development activities. The SC population is 20.73% and ST population is 16.18%. The sex ratio is 1005 is slightly higher than state ratio 988. The literacy rate in the project area is 61.25% is slightly lesser than state literacy rate. Working population shows the economical productive activities in the project area. The working population in the project area includes cultivators, agricultural laborers, household industry workers, marginal workers and the other workers. 49.19% of the total population constitutes the working population and the remaining 50.81% constitute the non-working population. The percentage of main worker of 84.57% shows that study area has development activities.
3.11.2 SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE OF THE STUDY AREA (AS PER FIELD SURVEY) Socio-economic study was carried out in buffer zone of the 204 sampled households of 10 villages based on primary data generated through field survey is as under. The villages covered in this study are in Table 3.43 below. Table 3.43 Socio-Economic Profile of the Study Area No. of Sl. No Name of the Mandal Name of the Village Type Zone Samples 1 Penuballi Lankapally Buffer 20 2 Sathupally Sathupally Buffer 20 3 Sathupally Gurugudem Buffer 21 4 Sathupally Kakarlapally Buffer 20
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5 Sathupally Kistaram Core 21 6 Sathupally Rejerla Core 20 7 Sathupally Komepally Core 22 8 Vemsoor Bheemavaram Buffer 20 9 Vemsoor Lingapallem Buffer 20 10 Vemsoor Chowdavaram Buffer 20 Total 204
3.11.3 DEMOGRAPHIC FEATURES Demography and Socio-Economics Any developmental activity will have impact on the socio-economic conditions and the quality of life of the population residing in the region. Socio-Economic survey helps to get an idea of changes in social, economic and cultural status due to the project. Sample survey was conducted for 10 villages falling under Pemballi, Sathupally and Vemsoor Mandals of Khammam District covering nearly 5% population from each of the villages totaling to about 204 households. Field survey was carried out in different aspects of socio-economic indicators to know the people’s perception on the mining site and to determine the quality of life of the people living in the area. Quality of life in any area depends on availability of and accessibility to quality social infrastructure. The detailed description of the socio–economic profile is highlighted in the following sub – sections, which give an overall summary of the socio – economic conditions of the people residing in the project area. Family Status & Size and Gender Composition The demographic profile of study area constitutes about 379 (54.9%) Demographic Profile from Sample Figure-10 2 male, 311 (45.1%) female and 60 54.9 average gender ratio, i.e. the number 50 45.1 of females per 1000 males is 821. 40 There is an imbalance in number of 30 males and females and average 20.1 family size of the total 204 sample 20 11.8 households is 3.7 persons. 10 3.4 Population profile graph is shown. 0 Male Female SC ST Family Size Age-wise Distribution The age-sex structure of a population is an important demographic characteristic as it reflects past fertility, mortality and migration trends as well as current birth and death rates. 73% were in the 11-50 years age group while 14.6 % were aged above 51 years (Table No. 3.44) . Table 3.44 Age-wise Distribution
Age Male Female Sex Ratio Total 0-10 49 36 735 85 11-20 78 50 641 128 21-30 68 81 1191 149 31-40 79 63 797 142 41-50 48 37 771 85 51 and above 57 44 772 101 Total 379 311 4907 690
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[*Dependency ratio is a measure showing the number of dependents (aged 0-14 and over the age of 61) to the total population (aged 15-64). Calculated by: Number of Dependents/population (ages 15-61)x 100]. Among the sample household, 42.2% belong to working age group of 21 to 40.This was followed by those in the age group of less than 20 above 41 and with 30.9 % and 27 % respectively The proportion of age dependents (i.e. in the 0-14 and 61 and older age groups) from the survey was nearly 24.9%, giving an age dependency ratio of 30.82%. The dependency ratio also varies among the population with a greater number of dependents in a family where usually the family head is the sole bread winner and wife & children were dependents.
3.11.3.1 Caste Distribution It is an important social structure in the Indian Caste No % society. Out of the total 204 families it was Forward Caste 38 18.6 observed that 20.1% (41) family belong to Backward Caste 101 49.5 Schedule tribes, 11.8% (24) families are belong to Schedule Caste schedule caste, majority 49.5% (101) families are 24 11.8 belong to Backward caste and 18.6% (38) family Schedule Tribe 41 20.1 belongs to Forward caste. Total 204 100 Marital Status Marital status forms an important component in socio-economic survey in understanding the effect Marital Status of marital status on socio economic outcomes. Out of 690 population from 204 sample households, it 425 244 was observed that more than half of the persons 425 (61.59%) are married, 244 (35.36%) persons are unmarried. Least number of persons 21 0 21 (3.04%) are widowed and we could not find any divorced families during the survey form 204 Married Unmarried sample which was collected during the field visit as it is shown in Widowed Divorced Educational Profile Educational profile among the surveyed population as collected through the primary survey. It was noticed that nearly 34.9% of the surveyed population are illiterate, that mean they are unable read and write, 60% are either literate or presently continuing with their education and the remaining 5.1% are the children below age 5 years. Amongst the surveyed population, persons educated up to or pursuing the primary and secondary school level is about 34.93% of the total surveyed population. Others pursed/pursuing the intermediate and other higher education degrees only 24.78%.Most of the children are not enrolled in school because the community doesn’t aware the importance of the education and lack of schools and school infrastructure availability in the study area. The drop of percentage in intermediate and higher degrees is for unavailability of the colleges and lack of transportation to colleges in the study area. The educational profile is given in Table. No. 3.45.
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Table 3.45 Educational Profile Education Male Female Total Illiterate 104 137 241 Primary 40 33 73 Secondary 94 74 168 Intermediate 40 15 55 Graduate 53 33 86 Post graduate 18 4 22 Technical 6 2 8 Professional 1 1 2 Below 5 years 23 12 35 Total 379 311 690
3.11.4 Living Conditions And Infrastructure Facilities Housing Status Housing Status Residential dwellings in study area were 101 84 generally classified into Kutcha, Semi - Pucca 19 and Pucca house. Kutcha-thatched structures, walls constructed Kutcha Pucca Semi from un-burnt bricks or mud, floor material is Pucca primarily mud and dung. Pucca house – cemented walls built with cement bricks/ burnt bricks, with RCC roof, classified into two categories as independent house or apartment in the study area. Semi Pucca house - cemented walls built with cement bricks/ burnt bricks, without RCC roof. The information collected on housing from the households has been presented in the table It was observed that 9.31% of the dwelling houses belong to kutcha houses, 41.18% families are dwelling in Semi pucca houses and the remaining 49.51% are living in the pucca houses as shown in Dwelling Rooms Ownership of the Homestead The information collected on Ownership from the households in the study area 100% is owned their homesteads. Number of Dwelling Rooms According to the survey findings which were enumerated. the most of the households have separate dwelling rooms. It was observed that majority of the households 60.29% have two room shows those are all living under one roof with normal living condition status, 4.41% have one room and 22.06% have three rooms, 9.80% have four room. The least 3.43% have only 5 and greater than 5 rooms sharing in the study area.. Source of Drinking Water Drinking Water Facilities Besides understanding the living conditions of the 189 200 respondents in terms of an investigation of their 92.6 housing conditions, an attempt was also made to 100 12 5.9 3 1.5 assess the civic amenities in their houses. The 0 Bore Well Open wells Rural Water supply
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E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environmental Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion) survey results on water sources used by communities in the study area are shown in the graph. Most of the respondents 92.6% attained their water from RWS and other significant sources of water are Bore wells 5.9% and open well 1.5% respectively. In field survey we observed that every village have only few bores or very less open well and some are buying drinking water from RO water filtration plants and some of the villagers are facing several water problems in summer season as all the open and bore wells are dried up. If all the Villages get RWS then it won’t be problem in summer season. Sanitation Sanitary conditions of the villages are Sanitary Outlets relatively good, with majority of all the respondents 204 have Septic tanks toilets at 204, their premises This indicates a situation of 100% Septic tanks facilities at their premises which Septic tanks is good sanitation facilities observed in the 204 100 study area as they are aware about the health problems due to the open defecation. Household Energy Sources About 81.5% of the sample households have Types of Fuel been using LPG connection, whereas 10% 200 163 households are using firewood and 10.5% of 81.5 the sample hou seholds have been using both 100 LPG connection and firewood cooking purpose. 20 10.0 21 10.5 This show the villages are in good status.The 0 LPG connection usage is observed very high is Fire wood-2 LPG-5 Fire wood-2 & LPG-5 due to the Awareness about the availability of LPG Connection in the villages Food Intake Food Intake 5% of the respondents consume very good 0% 5% food, majority 56% of the respondents 39% consume good food and 39% consuming Very Good moderately in status.Thus, in the study area 56% Good consumption of food intake is Good. Moderate
ECONOMIC ACTIVITY AND LIVELIHOOD PATTERN The working population in the study area includes cultivators, agricultural labourers, and household industry workers, petty vendor, service sector and unorganized industrial sector etc. All other workers i.e., those who have been engaged in some economic activity during the last year, but not cultivators or agricultural labours or in household industry are other workers. Apart from these, the other workers are including factory workers, plantation workers, those in trade, commerce, business, transport, mining, construction, political or social works, all Government & private sector employs, priests, entertainment artists etc.
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Table 3.46 Occupational Status
Non- working Male Female Total Below 5 Years 23 12 35 Above 60 years 11 24 35 Students 116 79 195 Home Maker 7 143 150 Dependents 3 8 11 Total 160 266 426
Working Male Female Total Farming 15 3 18 Agriculturists 62 6 68 Daily Labor/Daily Wagers 73 22 95 Business 22 2 24 Auto Drivers 6 0 6 Gov. Services 7 3 10 Private Employees / Self 29 7 36 Employees Job Searching 5 2 7 Total 219 45 264 Grand Total 379 311 690 **Note: around 28 members from surveyed villages are above 60+ years who are still working as farmer, agriculturists, labors, etc. This number is not included in non-working table rather included in working table. 3.11.4.1 Occupational Status Overall, 38.26 % in the age group 15-60 are in the work force. Gender disparity is extensive in the overall participation rate. It was observed that more women were limited to household work. On over all, overwhelming majority of the working women are engaged in home maker, the percentage engaged in organized sector is much higher among men workers. As per census, 2011 and the survey results show marginal and other workers is more dominant in the study area. The occupational status of the people is given in Table No. 3.46. Agricultural Scenario The contribution of the agricultural sector to sample household’s income is relatively Agriculture Land Holders less. Sample households have an average 150 agricultural holding size of 0.31 acres.The 110 study area is mainly cultivating paddy and 100 jowar. In these area farmers getting 1 to 53.92 1.5 lakhs income every year, A total of 94 50 40 38 (46.8%) households have their owned 19.61 18.63 13 6.37 fields were classified as marginal 19.61%, 3 1.47 0 small holdings are 18.63%, semi-medium < 1 Ha 1 to 2 2 to 4 4 to 10 no land holdings are 6.37% and medium holdings Farmers % are 1.47%. The remaining 53.92% doesn’t possess any land.Besides land, both in absolute acreage and quality, the possession of livestock and other items like plough, tractor, etc. significantly affects the agricultural outcome.In the study area no one has possess
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E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environmental Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion) agricultural related items like tractor and plough. Even though most of them didn’t possess costly agricultural related items like trucks and tractors, yet they opined to have access to these services through payment/rental basis. Livestock Farming Livestock husbandry is an important component of economic activities but in the study area there are no livestock farming has been registered. Income and Expenditure Annual lncome An assessment was made to Above understand the economic status of 1-1.25 1.25 <25000 the respondents by understanding lakhs 8% 5% their income and expenditure pattern 3% 75001-1 for the last one year. The income lakh 25001- groups are (i) less than Rs 25,000, 13% 50000 (ii) Rs 25,001-50,000, (iii) Rs 50,001- 34% 75,000, (iv) Rs 75,001-1 lakh (v)1 50001- lakh -1.25 (vi) Above 1.25 lakhs. 75000 Respondents were asked to indicate 37% their households’ income sources. Sources of income and amounts show huge disparity. They were also asked to give a broad indication of their household’s average monthly income. However, the figures of monthly income from business and home enterprises, crops and livestock of the sample households and their expenditure pattern showing lot of contradiction demonstrating inconsistency in reported incomes and expenditure. It was observed that out of the total 204 respondents, 6.37% of the respondent are within the range of below 25000. 46.57% had an income between 25001-50000 per annum and another 19.61% of the of the respondents are within the range of Rs.50001 to 75000, 13.73% of the respondent are within the range of 75001 to 1 lakh, 0.49% of the respondent are within the range of 1 lakh to 1.25 lakhs and 13.24% of the respondent are within the range of above 1.25 lakh annual income. Such higher concentration of BPL groups owes to the very nature of the stratified random sampling. Expenditure The data on annual income of rural households, whose primary occupation is mostly agriculture, labor work, small scale business, in terms of a fixed figure may not always reveal the actual situation. Since these households do not have a fixed source of income like salary every month, it often becomes difficult on the part of the respondents to exactly estimate their annual household income. In such a situation, the researcher must depend upon the memory of the respondents. To overcome such shortcomings, an attempt to assess their pattern of spending on essential items like food, cloth, health and education was made. It was observed that the average household records a monthly expenditure of Rs. 3000. Food and medical expenses are the most common expenditure in the study area. Consumption Standard For inferring the consumption Movable Assets standard of the sample households, their possession of various consumer 300 203 203 durables was recorded in the survey. 200 Considering the transportation related 99.5 99.5 durables, it is to be noted that 75% of 100 the households do not possess any 5 2.5 0 Television Mobile phones Refrigerator Number Percentage Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 3-63
E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environmental Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion) vehicles, another only 8% possess two wheelers and few of 1% cycles, 7% possess four wheelers and 1% possess both cycles and two wheelers and 7% possess both of two wheelers and four wheelers. The remaining possesses motorized as well as non-motorized vehicles as shown in Fig. In the other group of consumer durables consisting of television, refrigerator, washing machine, fan, and mobile phone, 99.5% of sample households possess television for their basic entertainment, 99.5% mobile phone for their communication purpose and only 2.5% household is having refrigerator. Savings The sample households enumerated in the present socio-economic survey 100% of households possess not having any savings. This means all their income is going to expenditure and there by leaves almost all the households have no savings. Transport Facilities Transport system comprises several modes including Road, Rail, etc. When it was enquired about the transport facilities in the villages it was observed that all the surveyed villages have Motor able road facility and there is an RTC, Auto facility for their conveyance purpose. They are using own wheelers, Auto and RTC Bus for transporting. In emergency they are engaging autos by contact through mobile phones and surrounding small villages like Lankapally and Komepally have gravel roads with only auto and own vehicles are mode of transportation and rest all the villages have good road and transport facilities. Health and Medical Facilities When enquired about the health and medical facilities in the villages it was observed that most of the villages have the ANM’s (Auxiliary Nurse Midwife). In case of any serious problem they refer to the private and government hospitals which are available in the Sathupally PHC and Lankapalli PHC, which are near the surrounding villages. Where Sathupally town has medical Hospitals and nearby Khammam has District Medical Hospital where all types of diseases are treated and there are several private hospitals accessible to public in Sathupally. The common health problems are given as in Annexure-3L. The field survey health data revealed that large numbers of respondents are affected by general health problems like Asthma, General fever, Headache, Knee pains, Joint pains, Body pains and Diabetic prevailing health problems observed in the study area. Recreational Facilities Recreational facilities are available in Sathupally Town. The study area villagers visit to the above town for the entertainment purpose.
3.11.5 QUALITY OF LIFE The Quality of Life index (QOL) has been computed for the sample households following the methods adopted by Saxena et al. (1998). The index has been modified to suit to the present investigation because of the variation present in the data. The parameters taken into consideration for assessment of Quality of Life of the respondents have been listed in Table 3.47. Photographs showing socio-economic survey conducted in the study area of the project are shown in Annexure-3M. The scores used to assess the Quality of Life have been presented in Annexure-3N.
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Table 3.47 Parameters used for the computation of the Quality of Life Index 1 Housing 8 Medical Treatment Facilities 2 Source of Water 9 Fuels and Energy used 3 Sanitary facilities Available 10 Entertainment 4 Food Type 11 Assets Possessed Amounting to 5 Roads & Transport Facilities 12 Educational Qualification 6 Vehicles possessed 13 Per Capita Income Per Anum 7 Prevalence of Common Diseases
The minimum desired level of score for the above parameters for a fair living condition was defined with a value of 0.5 on a scale of 0 to 01. All the parameters have been given an equal weight age and the total score of QOL Index is 13. The classifications based on total score used for analysis is as follows: 1. <3 -Very poor, 2. >3-5-Poor, 3. >5-7-Fair, 4. >7-10-Good, 5. >10-13-Very good Based on the value functions stated above the QOL of different sample households were computed and the average QOL for all the sample households’ village wise was presented in Table 3.48. Table 3.48 Average QOL Sl. Mandal Names Village Average QOL Classification No. 1 Pemballi Lankapally 5.97 Fair 2 Sathupally Sathupally 7.94 good 3 Sathupally Gurugudem 6.17 Fair 4 Sathupally Kakarlapally 6.36 Fair 5 Sathupally Kistaram 5.99 Fair 6 Sathupally Rejerla 6.17 Fair 7 Sathupally Komepally 5.30 Fair 8 Vemsuru Lingapallem 5.80 Fair 9 Vemsuru Bheemavaram 6.13 Fair 10 Vemsuru Chowdavaram 4.85 Poor Total Avg 6.68 6.68 While the average QOL for all the sample households in village wise found to be 6.68. It is highest in Sathupally (7.94) which is having basic amenities like RWS, Road with RTC bus and Autos, Bank with ATM facilities, Post office and Hospital. Where lowest is in Chowdavaram (4.85) is in poor status shown in Figure No. 3.18. It may be noted that the Quality index broadly presents the status of the sample households is Fair (as per the gradation of scores), indicating that living conditions and infrastructural facilities are Fair in the region and the individual resource base has been also Fair resulting in a Quality of Life index. This indicates that life support system has been normal, and the social sector development has been at fair level.
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Quality of Life
Chowdavaram 4.85
Bheemavaram 6.13
Lingapallem 5.8
Komepally 5.3
Rejerla 6.17
Kistaram 5.99
Kakarlapally 6.36
Gurugudem 6.17
Sathupally 7.94
Lankapally 5.97
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Figure 3.18 Quality of Life Graph
3.11.6 PROJECT AWARENESS The main aim of this study is to find out the level of awareness among the respondents about the proposed new mine exploration in the study area. In the project area around 204 respondents expressed their ignorance about the proposed mine, whereas none of the respondents are conscious of the proposed expansion mine in the study area. All the 204 respondents all are said they came to know about the project through project authorities. An assessment was done to find out the respondents’ opinion about the benefit of the project. It was revealed that the respondents hope for any kind of economic benefits from the project because their villages are covered with mining sounded due to this project.
3.11.7 Focussed Group discussion (FGD) and Need Based Assessment The FGD with relevant stakeholders is an important aspect in this EIA exercise to obtain the perceptions and views of the stakeholders on social and environmental concerns pertaining to the local areas both during this assessment and this will continue during implementation too. The objective of stakeholder consultation is to understand their present socio-economic condition, their apprehensions on the project, and their expectation from the project, make them aware about the project and find ways and means to minimize any adverse impact from the project. The views held by the stakeholders were analyzed and presented in this chapter. The primary goal of such consultation is to understand and exchange views among the participants on key social issues, concerns and impacts. The target participants included the village Sarpanch, ward members and villagers. 1. Chowdavaram village: CC (Cement Concrete) Roads, CC Side drains, Employment to local people, Health camps and Training programmes for women and youth. 2. Lingapalem village: CC Roads, CC Side drains for sewage effluent, Health camps, Sports kit to School, Computer training, Tailoring, Cutting & Muggam works and Blows designing and Community hall.
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3. Rejerla village: Internal CC road ( 5km), CC side drains for sewage effluent, Public toilets, Community hall, Muck removal for local agriculture ponds, Health camps, Bore well repair, Regular local pond water quality monitoring, Library, Employment to local students, and Sports kit for youth. 4. Kistaram village: CC side drains, Cement roads, Anganwadi building, Grave yard for different communities, Heavy driving license camps, tailoring along with machines and Beautification training courses, Health camps and Employment to local people. 5. Kakarlapally village: Internal CC roads, CC side drains, Street lights, tailoring along with machines and Beautification training courses, Health camps and Employment to local people. 6. Sathupally village: Drinking water supply, Community hall, Scholl building renovation, Waste dumping yard, Health camps, GVR park development, Benches and sport kit for school, Heavy Driving licence programme, Sathupally Community hospital center renovation, Skill training programmes for women, Cricket kit for youth and employment to local people. 7. Siddaram village : Street lights, CC side drains, CC roads, Primary heath sub center, Community hall, Health camps, Sport kit for school, Heavy Driving license camp, Skill training programmes for women, Cricket kit for youth and employment to local people. 8. Gourigudem village : Street lights, CC side drains, CC roads, Community hall, Health camps, Sport kit for school, Skill training programmes for women, Cricket kit for youth and employment to local people. 9. Kothuru village: Street lights, CC side drains, CC roads, Community hall, Health camps, Sport kit for school, Heavy Driving license camp, Skill training programmes for women, Cricket kit for youth and employment to local people. 10. Vengalaraonagar Colony: Drinking water supply, Community hall, Scholl building renovation, Health camps, , Heavy Driving licence programme, Skill training programmes for women, Cricket kit for youth and employment to local people. 11. Kommugudm village: Street lights, CC side drains, CC roads, Anganwadi building, Community hall, Health camps, Skill training programmes for women, Cricket kit for youth and employment to local people.
3.11.8 CONCLUSION As per the census 2011 the Study area is surrounded by 36 census villages covering 4 mandals of the three districts of Telangana & Andhra Pradesh. The primary data was generated from 10 villages covering 3 Mandals of the Telangana State. Educational facilities in the study area as per 2011 census, shows that 61.25% of them are literate, the primary data also shows 60% of them are literates which is similar to the census, 2011. The Literacy rate shows that education facilities has been improved from generation to generation in this region. Work Participation in the study area is about 49.19% of the total population constituting the working population and the remaining 50.81% constitute the non-working population. The study area is fairly agrarian area and the major crops cultivates are Paddy, Vegetables, Mango gardens and fodder for the cattle. Out of 204 households surveyed, 46.08% are having agriculture land and 53.92% do not possess any agriculture land, but some formers cultivating as tenant farmers. Most of farmers do not possess costly agricultural related goods like trucks and tractors. However, they have access to these services on rental basis. All the villages are having clean drinking water facility. The sanitary condition was good in the sample villages.
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Health and medical facilities were adequate as most of the villages were covered by the Rural Medical Practitioners (RMPs). For the Major disease the hospitals/Private clinics are available at Sathupally town which is 2 km away from the Project area. The average QOL for all the sample households was found to be 6.68. It shows that it is having basic amenities like RWS, Road with RTC bus and Autos, Bank with ATM facilities, Post office and Hospital. As the area has been developing and mining is being carried in this area from quite long time, infrastructure, quality of life, other social factors are found to be fair. ***
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CHAPTER 4 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES
4.1 Impact identification Environmental impacts both direct and indirect on various environmental attributes due to mining activity during pre-operational, operational and post-operational are discussed in this chapter. The impacts due to mining operations commence from the exploration activities, extend through extraction and processing of minerals, may continue up to post-closure of the operation, with the nature and extent of impacts varying throughout the stages of project development. 4.1.1 Impact identification during pre-operational phase Since JVR OC-II is an operating mine, pre- operation phase of mine has already been completed. 4.1.2 Impact identification during Operational Phase
The activities in the operational phase can be broadly classified into excavation, drilling & blasting, dumping and transportation. Environmental impacts associated with operation phase include dust, noise, visual, water pollution, etc. The activities involved in the operational phase, which are likely to have impact on the environment and the potential environmental impact of the same, are given in Table 4.1. Table 4.1 Impact during operational phase Activity Potential Environmental Impact i) Excavation Dust, soil erosion, wastewater generation and noise ii) Drilling and blasting Dust, noise and health hazards iii) Dumping Dust, noise and visual iv) Transportation Dust, noise and visual 4.1.3 Impact identification during post-operational phase The post operational phase consists of only one major activity i.e., Land reclamation in which productive use of the land will be taken up. In this process the activities involved are dumping the left over (OB) and plantation of trees on the reclaimed area so as to attain its original form. The main activities that may cause environmental impact on the surrounding environment during project close-out are: · Transportation of over burden / procurement of material. · Dumping of over burden material. · Removal of temporary facilities, cleaning etc. During the project close out the likely potential environmental impacts are due to dust and noise. 4.2 Prediction of impacts The impact of the expansion mining activity on environment (air, water, noise, land and socio-economic) are predicted. The proposed open cast mining activity may cause some adverse impacts on the surrounding environment unless otherwise proper environmental management plan is adopted. An attempt has been made to quantify the possible impacts on various environmental parameters. 4.2.1 Impact on air environment Mining operation and associated activities contribute to air pollution and suspended particulate matter (SPM) is the main pollutant due to the mining activities / operations.
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Air pollution will take place during various stages of mining operations such as excavation, drilling, blasting, loading and transportation of material. Some quantity of the generated dust gets air borne and are carried away from coal and overburden dumps The fugitive dust released from the mining operations may have effect on the mining workers who are directly exposed to the fugitive dust. Simultaneously, the dust may travel to longer distances and may have impact on the neighbouring villages. However, the impact on air is mainly localized in nature. The emissions from different stages of mining operations are estimated using the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) approved mathematical equations. Emission sources and strengths Major emission sources from the proposed mining operations will be from blasting, excavation, drilling, loading and transportation. The 24 hourly concentrations due to blasting operations will be minimum or negligible, as the duration of blasting operations will be for about half an hour in a day. Details of other emission sources are discussed below. a) Estimation of Emissions: The emissions from the mining operations can be estimated either by sampling or direct measurement or using emission factors. Emission factors are being widely used for estimation of emissions from the proposed mining operations. An emission factor is a representative value that attempts to relate the quantity of pollutant released in the atmosphere with an activity associated with the release of that pollutant. These factors are usually expressed as the weight of pollutant divided by a unit weight, volume, distance or duration of the activity emitting the pollutant. The parameters that are most likely to influence the particle emissions are measure of source activity, properties of the material being disturbed and climatic parameters. United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) has developed emission factors for coal mining operation was published through AP - 42 (1998), based on these emission factors, National Pollution Inventory (NPI), Australian Government also developed emission factors for Suspended Particulate Matter (TSP) and Particulate Matter (PM10) and published the Emission Estimation Technique Manual (EET Manual) for mining and the version 3.1 is updated in January 2012. B) Emission Sources and Strengths The emissions are estimated using the USEPA, AP - 42 Emission factors and NPI emission factors for different mining operations such as drilling, blasting, dozing, loading, dumping, transportation, grading and wind erosion of dumps for both coal and OB operations separately. As per the New National Ambient Air Quality standards notified vide GSR 826 (E), dated 16th November 2009, the monitoring parameters for particulate matter under Ambient Air Quality are prescribed as PM10 and PM2.5.
The emission estimation for PM10 is carried with emission factor equations of USEPA and NPI. Emission Factor Equations used for calculation of PM10 from Drilling, Blasting, Bulldozing, Excavation / Loading, Transportation, Dumping, Grading, Wind Erosion, etc. for both coal and OB is discussed below: C) Drilling in Coal Emissions from the drilling are relatively minor component of the overall emission from the opencast mining. The variables like, depth of hole, diameter of the hole, moisture content of the material being drilled, type of the drilling, wind current at the drilling site will influence the rate of emission. USEPA (1998) has derived emission factor for TSPM as 0.59 Kg / hole taking all these parameters into consideration. USEPA (1998) does not provide any emission factor for PM10 component. However, the NPI EET Manual (2012) EPTRI, Hyderabad 4-2
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states that the mean fraction of PM10 / TSP was 0.52. Hence the best estimation of the emission factor for drilling for PM10 is = 0.59*0.52= 0.31 Kg/hole.
Number of hours of operation every day : 24 Type of source : Point Peak Coal production in MTPA : 10 Coal production / day : 27778 T Depth of the hole : 6 m Burden : 5 m Spacing : 6 m No. of holes drilled per day in coal working : 154 No.s No. of holes in coal working / day = Peak coal production per day / (Burden x Spacing x Depth of hole x Sp. Gravity of coal) EF PM10 = 0.31 Kg/Hole Where, EF PM10 = Emission Factor for PM10 Total Emission form drilling in coal in Kg/day = EF PM10 x No. of holes/day Emissions from coal drilling = 0.31 x 154 = 47.8 Kg/day D) Drilling in Overburden USEPA (1998) has derived emission factor for TSP during drilling operation in overburden as 0.59 Kg/hole. USEPA (1998) does not provide any emission factor for PM10 component. However, as per the NPI EET Manual (2012) the emission factor for drilling for PM10 is 0.31 Kg/hole. Number of hours of operation every day : 24 Type of source : Point Peak OB removal per annum : 51.63 M.Cu.m OB removal / day : 143416.6 Cu.m Depth of the hole : 6 m Spacing : 5.0 m Burden : 4.0 m No. of holes drilled per day in OB : 2151.25 Nos. No. of holes in OB/day = Peak OB removal per day / (Depth of hole x Spacing x Burden)
EF PM10 = 0.31 Kg/Hole
Total Emission form drilling in OB in Kgs/day = EFPM10 x No. of holes/day Emissions from OB drilling = 0.31 x 2151.25= 667 Kg/day E) Blasting Operations in Coal The emissions from the blasting operations mainly depend on the area of the blasting, moisture content of the blasted material, depth of the blast hole, explosives being used, mode of detonation, blasting pattern, etc. USEPA (1998) provided emission factor for blasting for TSP is as follows: 0.8 1.9 1.8 EFTSP = (344*A )/(M *D ) Kg/blast Where, EFTSP = Emission factor for TSP in Kg/blast A = Area of blasting in m2 (3086 m2 area is required to be blasted to produce 27778 T/day) M =Moisture content in coal (5.06%) D = Depth of the hole (6 m) For PM10 fraction, USEPA (1998) estimated that, it will be 52% of TSP (Ref: NPI EET Manual, 2012). Hence, EFPM10 = EFTSP x 0.52
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0.8 1.9 1.8 EFPM10 = (344*3086 )/(5.06 *6 ) x 0.52 = 202.1 Kg/day Source type: Area E) Blasting Operations in OB As per the USEPA and NPI, the emission factor for coal is also suitable for OB. As such, 0.8 1.9 1.8 EFTSP = (344*A )/(M *D ) Kg/blast Where,
EFTSP = Emission factor for TSP in Kg/blast A = Area of blasting in m2 (43025 m2 area is required to be blasted to produce 215125 T) M =Moisture content in OB (10%) D = Depth of the hole (6 m)
For PM10 fraction, USEPA (1998) estimated that, it will be 52% of TSP (Ref: NPI EET Manual, 2012). Hence,
EFPM10 = EFTSP x 0.52 8 1.9 1.8 EFPM10 = (344*43025 )/(10 *6 ) x 0.52 = 632.98 Kg/day Source type: Area F) Excavation in Coal The emission during the excavation i.e. loading of coal on to the trucks is mainly depending on the moisture content. Peak Coal removal per day : 27778 Tons/day Type of source : Area As per the USEPA (1998) and NPI EET Manual, 2012 the emission factor is: 0.9 EFPM10 = k*0.0596/(M)
EFPM10 = emission factor for PM10 in Kg / ton k = 0.75 for PM10 concentration M = Moisture content in (%) = 5.06 % Total emissions in Kg/day = EF x Peak coal production per day in tons Total emissions from coal loading = (0.75*0.0596/(5.06)0.9 ) x 27778= 288.58 Kg/day G) Excavation in OB The emission during the excavation i.e. loading of OB on to the dumpers / trucks is mainly depending on the moisture content of OB and mean wind speed. OB removal / day : 215125 T No. of shovels required : 17 Type of source : Area As per the USEPA (1998) and NPI EET Manual, 2012 the emission factor is: 1.3 1.4 EFPM10 = k*0.0016*(U/2.2) /(M/2)
EFPM10 = emission factor for PM10 in Kg / ton k = 0.35 U = Mean wind speed in m/sec = 1.8 m/sec at JVR OCP (I&II) Project M = Moisture content in (2%) Total emissions in Kg/day = EF X Peak OB removal per day in tons 1.3 1.4 EFPM10 = 0.35*0.0016(1.8/2.2) /(2/2) = 0.000431 Emissions from OB loading =0.000431 x 215125 = 92.80 Kg/day.
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H) Bulldozing in Coal The emission during the bulldozing operation in the coal is mainly depending on the moisture content and silt content of the material. As per the USEPA (1998) and NPI EET Manual, 2012 the emission factor is:
1.5 1.4 EFPM10 = 6.33(s) /(M)
EFPM10 = emission factor for PM10 in Kg/h s = Silt content in (%), M = Moisture content in (%) Total emissions in Kg/day = EF x No. of dozing hours of all the dozers/day Silt content = 7% Moisture content = 5.06 Dozing hours = 30 hrs/day (3 Dozers x 10 hrs/dozer) 1.5 1.4 EFPM10 = 6.33(7) /(5.06) = 12.11 Kg/h Emissions from coal dozing = 12.11 x 30 = 363.38 Kg/day Source Type: Area. I) Bulldozing in Overburden As per the USEPA (1998) and NPI EET Manual, 2012 the emission factor is: 1.5 1.4 EFPM10 = 0.34(s) /(M)
EFPM10 = emission factor for PM10 in Kg/h s = Silt content in (%), M = Moisture content in (%), Silt content = 8% Moisture content = 10%, Dozing hours = 80 hrs/day (8 Dozers x 10 hrs/dozer) 1.5 1.4 EFPM10 = 0.34(8) /(10) = 0.3063
Total emissions in Kg/day = EFPM10 X No. of dozing hours of all the dozers Emissions from OB dozing = 0.3063 x 80 = 24.50 Kg/day Source type: Area J) Transportation of Coal When a vehicle travels an unpaved road, the force of the wheels on the road surfaces causes pulverization of the surface material, particles are lifted and dropped from the rolling wheels and the road surface is exposed to strong air currents in turbulent shear, with turbulent wake behind the vehicle continue to act on the road surface after the vehicle has passed. Various types of road surfaces and vehicle characteristics are likely to have an impact on the particulate emission from unpaved roads. The particulate emission is mainly depending on the weight of the vehicle and silt content on the road surface. Carrying capacity of dumper used for Coal : 60 T Gross weight of the dumper : 55 (Tare) + 60 (Coal) = 115T Type of source : Line Dumper Speed : 25 KMPH Distance travelled per trip : 2.5 km No. of trips to be made to achieve 15818 T/day : 462.96 Trips/day Total travelling distance of all dumpers : 1157 (Load) + 1157 (Empty) km
As per the USEPA (1998) and NPI EET Manual 2012 the emission factor for PM10 is: 0.8 0.4 0.3 EFPM10 = k*(s/12) *(W/3) /(M/0.2)
EFPM10 = emission factor in Kg per vehicle per km (Kg/VKT) k = 0.733 for PM10
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s = silt content of road surface (2%) W = Vehicle gross mass in tonnes (60 T dumper gross weight with coal 115 T) M = Moisture content (10%) Total km travelled by all coal dumpers with load = 1157 km 0.8 0.4 0.3 EFPM10 = 0.733*(2/12) *(115/3) /(10/0.2) = 0.125= 294.35 Kg/VKT Total km travelled by all coal dumpers with empty = 1157 km 0.8 0.4 0.3 Empty = EFPM10 = 0.733*(2/12) *(55/3) /(10/0.2) = 0.1948*1157 = 255.53 Kg/VKT Total emissions due to coal transport = 325.99 Kg/day K) Transportation of OB
As per the USEPA (1998) and NPI EET Manual 2012 the emission factor for PM10 for OB is also same as coal: Carrying capacity of dumper used for OB : 100 T 74 (Tare) + 100 (OB) T = Gross weight of the dumpers : 174 Type of source : Line Dumper Speed : 25 KMPH Distance travelling / trip : 3.0 km Total No of trips /day to remove 2151525 T of OB : 1707.34 Nos Total travelling distance by 100 T dumpers : 8537 (L) + 8537 (E) *L - Loads, E - Empty 0.8 0.4 0.3 EFPM10 = k*(s/12) *(W/3) /(M/0.2)
EFPM10 = emission factor in Kg per vehicle per km travelled (Kg/VKT) s = silt content of road surface (2%) W = Vehicle gross mass in tonnes (76 T) M = Moisture content (10%)
EFPM10 = emission factor in Kg per vehicle per km (Kg/VKT) 0.8 0.4 0.3 EFPM10 for 16 Cum dumper with load = 0.733*(2/12) *(174/3) /(10/0.2) = 0.254x1707.34 =2171 Kg/day 0.8 0.4 0.3 EFPM10 for 16 Cum dumper with empty = 0.733*(2/12) *(74/3) /(10/0.2) = 0.1948 x1707.34 = 1664 Kg/day Total emissions from OB transport = 2171 + 1664 = 3834 Kg/day L) Dumping of Coal The USEPA uses the same equation for unloading coal as it does for loading coal Coal to be dumped in a day = 27778 T Emission factor = 0.0104 Emissions from coal dumping = 0.0104*27778 = 288.61 Kg/day M) Dumping of OB The USEPA uses the same equation for unloading overburden as it does for loading OB EF = 0.000644 Kg/ton OB to be dumped in a day = 215125 T Emissions from OB dumping = 0.000644*215125= 138.54 Kg/day N) Grading in Coal & OB Grading of haul roads is required to carryout to sweep the loose material pilfered from the loaded dumpers, flying fragments during blasting, etc. As per the USEPA (1998) and NPI EET Manual 2012, the emission factor for PM10 for grading in coal & OB is:
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EF= 0.0034*(S) 2 kg/VKT S= Mean Vehicle Speed in Kmph (5 kmph) No. of Motor graders in operation = 5 (in operation 4 no.s) Distance travelled by each grader = 50 km /day Total distance travelled = 4x50 = 450 km/day 2 EFPM10 = 0.0034*(5) = 0.017 Emissions due to Grading operation = 450 *0.017 = 7.65 Kg/day O) Wind Erosion of Coal Dump (Stock Yard) Dumping of coal in the coal stock yard is required to be carried as an alternate arrangement at the surface, when the bunker / pre-weigh bin is full of its capacity. Wind provides the mechanical energy for particle entrainment. A certain minimum wind velocity, often called threshold wind velocity is responsible for the dust to become air borne from the dumps. For long term emission estimations, average soil moisture content or the number of rainy days, silt content of the dumping material, wind speed are influencing parameters. As per USEPA (1998) and NPI EET Manual 2012, emission factor for PM10 for wind erosion of dump is as given below. EF = 1.9*(s/1.5)*365*((365-p)/235)*(f/15) EF = emission factor for TSPM kg/ha/Year Taking s = silt content in exposed area of the coal heap will be around 2% p = number of days when rain fall > 0.25 mm is 80 days f = At the project, 0.553% of time that wind speed is > 5.4 m/sec at the mean height of the dump
EFTSPM = 1.9*(2/1.5)*365*((365-80)/235)*(0.553/15)/365 = 0.113 Kg/ha/day
EFPM10 = 50% of TSPM = 0.113x0.50 = 0.06 Kg/ha/day Total area of coal stock yards = 6 ha Emissions due to wind erosion of coal stock yard = 0.51 x 5 = 2.56 Kg/day P) Wind Erosion of OB dumps
As per the USEPA (1998) and NPI EET Manual 2012 the emission factor for PM10 for wind erosion of dump is: EF = 1.9*(s/1.5)*365*((365-p)/235)*(f/15) EF = emission factor for TSPM kg/ha/Year Taking s = silt content in exposed area of the coal heap will be around 2% p = number of days when rain fall > 0.25 mm is 80 days f = At the project, 0.55% of time that wind speed is > 5.40 m/sec at the mean height of the dump
EFTSPM = 1.9*(2/1.5)*365*((365-80)/235)*(0.55/15)/365 = 0.11 Kg/ha/day
EFPM10 = 50% of TSPM = 0.12x0.50 = 0.056Kg/ha/day Total OB dump area = 507 ha (External) Average dump expose without plantation = 507/28 (Life of the project) = 9.271 ha Emissions due to wind erosion of OB dump yards = 0.51x 18.10 ha = 9.27 Kg/day Q) Emissions from coal washery As per the coal cleaning process of EPA emission factor found to 0.032 lb/ton or 0.01451 kg/ton.
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Annual production of coal washery: 4.0 MTPA Production of coal washery: 11111 T/day Emission factor: 0.0145 kg/ton
PM10 Emission = 0.0145 x 11111 = 161.11 kg/day
R) Summary of Emissions: The summary of emissions for peak rated production capacity from different mining activities (without EMP) envisaged are summarised and the multiplying factor for control measures was applied. After applying the control factor for each activity, the dust emission in grams/sec is given in Table No. 4.2.
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Table No. 4.2 Emission of Particulate Matter (PM10) for Peak Production capacities from different mining activities
Multiplying Emissions Source Operation Emission Day % of factor for % of Activity Unit Emissions Control Method After wise Remarks Coal / OB Factor Activity Control Emissions Control Emissions After Control Drilling Coal Kg/Ton 0.31 154.32 47.84 WC 95 0.05 2.39 OB Holes 0.31 1792.71 555.74 WD 95 0.05 27.79 Pit Blasting Coal Area 3086.42 202.10 95 0.05 10.11 205.29 Emissions OB Area 35854.17 394.02 W, MB & DF 80 0.20 78.80 (kg/day) Loading Coal Tons 0.01 27777.78 288.61 WS 90 0.10 28.86 OB Tons 0.00 215125.00 92.81 WS 80 0.20 18.56 Dozing Coal Dozing Hours 12.11 30.00 363.38 WS 90 0.10 36.34 2.37 (gms/sec) OB Dozing Hours 0.31 80.00 24.50 WS 90 0.10 2.45 Transport Coal (Load) km Travelled 0.25 1157.41 294.36 WS, CMS & P 95 0.05 14.72 Pit & Haul Empty km Travelled 0.19 1157.41 225.54 WS, CMS & P 95 0.05 11.28 Road 217.73 OB Dump Truck Emissions km Travelled WS, CMS & P 95 0.05 (Load) 0.25 8536.71 2171.09 108.55 (kg/day) Empty km Travelled 0.19 8536.71 1663.51 WS, CMS & P 95 0.05 83.18 2.519 (II) gms/Sec Dumping Coal Tons 0.01 27777.78 288.61 WS 95 0.05 14.43 Poly Area OB Tons 0.00 215125.00 138.54 P 80 0.20 27.71 Emissions 201.20 Grader km Km Travelled 0.02 240.00 4.08 WS 95 0.05 0.20 only Wind erosion Coal yard Area in ha 0.61 5.00 3.05 Wetting 95 0.05 0.15 (kg/day) OB Dumpyard Area in ha 0.61 507.00 309.27 P 90 0.10 30.93 2.32(III) (gms/sec) Coal washery Kg/Ton 0.0145 11111 161.11 Water sprinkling 95 0.05 8.06
Total PM10 emissions in kg/day without any control measures 2560.823 Emissions after control measures, in Kg/day 504.50 W: Wetting, WC: Wet Cutting, WD: Wet Drillng, WS: Water Sprinkling, CMS: Continuous Mist Spray. MB: Muffle After Control Measures, Emissions in gms/sec 5.84 Blasting, DF: Dust Fighters Emissions from Open Pit (I+(II/2) : 3.63
Pit Retention (5% for PM ) : 0.18 10 Net emission from open pit : 3.45
(Open pit sources are Drilling, Blasting, Loading, Dozing and 50% of Haul road Emissions)
Net Emissions from Poly area Sources (III+(II/2) : 2.20
(Poly area sources are Dumping, Grading, Wind Erosion, Loading to trucks etc and 50% of Haul road emissions)
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4.2.2 Air Quality Modeling An ISCST - 3 Latest AERMOD Air Dispersion Model is used to predict changes in air quality in and around the project site i.e., maximum ground level concentration (GLC’s) of particulate matter at the receptors (i.e. nearby villages, project area, and sensitive areas if any) due to the various activities of the proposed project. The model uses the steady state Gaussian plume equation for continuous source. 10000 m. X 10000 m, modeling block by reference point in the centre corner of the modeling block coordinates has been selected for modeling so as to include all the air quality baseline monitoring stations in the study area.
The inputs required for the model is: · Hourly meteorological data consisting of year, month, date, hour, cloud cover, solar radiation, wind speed, wind direction, ceiling height, rainfall, relative humidity, etc. · Meteorological data collected during March to May 2018. · Source data such as open pit sources, area sources etc. · Receptor data such as baseline AAQ was collected at 10 monitoring stations to compare the status of Air Quality after inception of the project. · Programme control parameters, area characteristics like Albedo, Bowen ratio, Surface roughness based on land use type and season. The emission rates have been taken considering the control measures proposed in Table No. 4.2. The emission rates were calculated for production of 10 MTPA. The total emissions from the proposed mining activities of JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion) after taking the proposed control measures is coming to around 5.84 grams/sec. Out of total emissions, 3.45 grams/sec emissions are coming due the activities in open pit and 2.203 grams/sec emissions are due to poly area sources and surface activities. Taking consideration into the three months meteorological data collected during March to May 2018 and the PM10 emissions from different mining activities, the model was run for prediction of GLC’s with respect to PM10, and PM2.5 4.2.3 Results and Conclusions: The quarry area has been taken as a open pit source for all the dust emitting sources from different mining activities and the dump area and the road leading to dump yard from the quarry has been selected as poly area source for plying of dumpers / trucks and unloading of OB material. Appropriate emission factors, programme control parameters such as land use, UTM zone, Albedo, Bowen Ratio, Surface roughness, surrounding surface features, etc. and micrometeorological data was taken. The emission reduction by implementation of proposed control measures was also considered. The ground level ST concentrations are computed for HIGH 1 HIGH 24-HR CONCENTRATION VALUES for all the baseline air quality monitoring stations by selecting them as discrete Cartesian receptors in the modelling area so that 10 receptors points taken for computation 24 -HR. AVERAGE CONCENTRATIONS of particulate matter and the predicted increment of PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations at receptors for peak production capacities of the project are furnished in the Table No. 4.3 and depicted in the Figure No. 4.1and 4.2.
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Table No. 4.3: Total concentrations of PM10 with control at Baseline AAQ Stations
Figures in µg/m3 Max. Base Predicted Predicted Stati Level Incremental GLCs on Location Standard Concentration rise (Total Conc) Code (I) (II) (I)+(II) JVR OC-I Exp. PO CA1 138 6.66 250 Office 144.66 CA JVR OC-II 127 4.45 131.45 250 BA1 Vengalarao Nagar 80 6.93 86.93 100 BA2 Sathupalli Town 66 1.62 67.62 100 BA3 Kistaram Village 87 7.25 94.25 100 BA4 Venkatapuram Village 68 4.77 72.77 100 BA5 Siddaram 77 15.26 92.26 100 BA6 Rejarla Village 79 7.55 86.55 100 BA7 Chaudavaram Village 71 0.84 71.84 100 BA8 Pallewada 65 2.20 67.20 100
The above table and the figures indicate that, the predicted GLCs of PM10 at all the locations after commissioning of the project are within the stipulated standards. However, the mitigation measures proposed for air pollution control will be strictly implemented in the project to keep the pollutant concentrations within the limits.
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Fig. 4.1 Total concentrations of PM10 with control at Baseline AAQ Stations (Receptors)
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Table No. 4.4: Total concentrations of PM2.5 with control at Baseline AAQ Stations (Receptors) Figures in µg/m3 Max Predicted Predicted GLCs Station Base Level Increment Location (Total Conc) Standard Code Concentration al rise (I)+(II) (I) (II) JVR OC-I Exp. PO CA1 55.2 7.22 62.42 NS Office CA2 JVR OC-II 61.6 16.2 77.80 NS BA1 Vengalarao Nagar 37.0 5.91 42.91 60 BA2 Sathupalli Town 30.0 2.46 32.46 60 BA3 Kistaram Village 43.3 5.55 48.85 60 BA4 Venkatapuram 29.4 5.52 34.92 60 BA5 Siddaram 34.3 9.93 44.23 60 BA6 Rejarla Village 34.5 12.2 46.70 60 BA7 Chaudavaram 30.4 1.67 32.07 60 BA8 Pallewada 27.3 1.83 29.13 60
The
The Table No. 4.4 indicates that the predicted GLCs of PM2.5 concentrations are within the stipulated limits.
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Figure No. 4.2: Predicted GLCs of PM2.5 with control at the BLD Stations
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Table No. 4.5: Total concentrations of SO2 with control at Baseline AAQ Stations (Receptors) Figures in µg/m3 Max Predicted Statio Predicted GLCs Base Level Increment n Location (Total Conc) Standard Concentration al rise Code (I)+(II) (I) (II) JVR OC-I Exp. PO CA1 13.6 2.22 15.82 120 Office CA2 JVR OC-II 13.2 1.801 15.00 120 BA1 Vengalarao Nagar 13.9 2.407 16.31 80 BA2 Sathupalli Town 13.7 0.903 14.60 80 BA3 Kistaram Village 14.4 1.461 15.86 80 BA4 Venkatapuram 13.6 0.504 14.10 80 BA5 Siddaram 13.8 1.885 15.69 80 BA6 Rejarla Village 13.6 0.91 14.51 80 BA7 Chaudavaram 13.9 0.161 14.06 80 BA8 Pallewada 13.4 0.243 13.64 80
The
The Table No. 4.5 indicates that the predicted GLCs of SO2 concentrations are within the stipulated limits. Predicted GLCs of SO2 with control at the BLD Stations are shown in Figure No. 4.3.
Table No. 4.6: Total concentrations of NO2 with control at Baseline AAQ Stations (Receptors) Figures in µg/m3 Max Predicted Predicted GLCs Station Base Level Increment Location (Total Conc) Standard Code Concentration al rise (I)+(II) (I) (II) JVR OC-I Exp. PO CA1 21 5.05 26.05 120 Office CA2 JVR OC-II 18.9 2.58 21.48 120 BA1 Vengalarao Nagar 20.1 5.32 25.42 80 BA2 Sathupalli Town 19.8 1.2 21.00 80 BA3 Kistaram Village 21.5 9.13 30.63 80 BA4 Venkatapuram 19.3 2.12 21.42 80 BA5 Siddaram 19.6 4.35 23.95 80 BA6 Rejarla Village 19.6 3.391 22.99 80 BA7 Chaudavaram 19.7 0.57 20.27 80 BA8 Pallewada 19.7 1.186 20.89 80
The
The above Table No. 4.6 indicates that the predicted GLCs of NO2 concentrations are within the stipulated limits. Predicted GLCs of NO2 with control at the BLD Stations are shown in Figure No. 4.4.
EPTRI, Hyderabad 4-15
E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environmental Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II) Expansion
Figure No. 4.3: Predicted GLCs of SO2 with control at the BLD Stations
EPTRI, Hyderabad 4-16
E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environmental Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II) Expansion
Figure No. 4.4: Predicted GLCs of NOx with control at the BLD Stations
……..
EPTRI, Hyderabad 4-17
E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
4.3 Impact on Noise levels The main sources of noise are operation of HEMM (Heavy earth moving machinery), other vehicles, pumps, compressors, crushers and Conveyors at CHP etc. During operational phase, noise levels will increase due to running of machinery and vehicular movement in the area. However, the impacts are localized in nature. Continuous exposure of workers to high level of noise may result in annoyance, fatigue, and temporary shift of threshold limit of hearing and permanent loss of hearing. To assess the likely impact of mining on noise levels, the noise levels recorded near HEMM in the existing project are considered. It can be seen from the generated data that there are some noise generating sources producing noise above the limits as shown below in Table No. 4.7. However, they do not produce sound levels above 90 dB (A) for more than 2-5 hours per shift reducing Leq (8 hours) to well within the limits. Hence, there may be marginal increase in the background noise levels due to the project activities, but they are expected to be well within the prescribed standards. Wherever the noise levels exceed the stipulated limits, protective equipment are being provided to workmen exposed to higher noise levels.
Table 4.7 Noise Levels at Opencast Mine HEMM Noise Levels dB(A) Drills 90 - 100 Shovels 85 - 95 Dumpers 85 - 100 Dozers 95 - 110 Crushers 85 - 95
4.3.1 Impact on Ground Due to Blast Vibrations Blast vibrations are transmitted along the ground following a blast. The vibration radiates from the blast hole, as it passes surface structures; it induces vibration in these structures. These vibrations can induce a resonance in the structures and the amplitude of the resonance may exceed the amplitude of the initial ground vibrations, the relative amplitudes of ground vibration and induced structural vibration depend largely on the match between frequencies of the structure. After reviewing all available research data, it can be concluded that Peak Particle Velocity (PPV) and frequency of the wave is the best criterion for evaluation blast vibrations in terms of its potential to cause damage. PPV is a term for the greatest speed in which the earth moves while it travelled back and forth during the passage of the blast wave. A number of blasting factors affect particle velocity of the ground vibrations which include distance form the blast to the position of interest, the explosive charge weight per delay, frequency of vibrations, blast geometry, physical properties of the rocks etc. As mentioned earlier, PPV along with the frequency of the blast waves is the best criterion for evaluating the damage to structures due to blast vibrations. Table No. 4.8 The peak particle velocity (ppv) at the foundation level of structures in mining areas in mm/s Dominant Excitation Type of Structure frequency, Hz. < 8 Hz 8-25 Hz >25 Hz (A) Buildings/Structures not belonging to the owner Domestic houses / structures (kuchha brick and i 5 10 15 cement) ii Industrial Buildings (RCC & Framed Structures) 10 20 25 ii Objects of historical importance & sensitive structures 2 5 10 Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 4-18
E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
(B) Buildings belonging to the owner with limited span of life i Domestic houses / structures (kuchha brick and cement) 10 15 25 ii Industrial Buildings (RCC & Framed Structures) 15 25 50 SCCL made several studies on ground vibrations through different scientific organizations to optimize the blast design parameters to control ground vibrations, noise and fly rock within safe limit for the nearby dwellings & colony. The permissible explosive weight per delay computed from this equation to contain vibration within safe limit for distances of houses / structures concerned. –1.248 V=157.23 (R/√Qmax) Where V= Peak Particle Velocity (in mm/sec). R= Distance of vibration measuring transducers from blasting face (in m). Qmax= Maximum Explosive Weight per delay (in Kg) Correlation co-efficient = 83.50% Ground vibrations are being regularly monitored and recorded. Fly rock during blasting is another problem that deserves attention. Permission for Controlled blasting with has to be obtained by the project authorities under Regulation No. 196 (3) of CMR 2017 to conduct blasting operations within 500 m of any building or structure of permanent nature not belonging to the owner. Reg. No.196 (3) of Coal Mines Regulations 2017 stipulates that: “In the case of an opencast working, where any permanent building or structure of permanent nature not belonging to the owner lies within the danger zone, the aggregate maximum charge per delay and per round shall not exceed the amount fixed by the Chief Inspector, by a permission in writing granted on the basis of a scientific study, and subject to such other conditions as he may specify therein”. In order to estimate the safe explosive charge to contain the vibrations within the statutory limits (DGMS Circular No.9 of 1997, as in table No. 4.8), in the year 2006, a Scientific study to advice for optimization of blast design parameters was conducted through CIMFR, Dhanbad at the existing Jalagam Vengala Rao Opencast-I Expansion Project to design the blast design parameters in order to control ground vibrations, noise and fly rock within safe limit keeping in view the nearby dwellings of Vengala Rao Nagar Colony and Market yard. Basing on the scientific study, permission was accorded by DGMS for deep hole blasting within 300 m and upto 125 m of the Jalagam Vengala Rao Nagar area and Market yard, not belonging to owner at Jalagam Vengala Rao Opencast-I, vide.H1/JVROC/Perm/2006/1543, dated 21st August, 2006. Again in the year 2015, as the blasting operations were proposed to be extended within 500m of dwellings and surface structures, SCCL obtained permission from DGMS to conduct controlled blasting with in 500 m and up to 100 m of Jinugupalli Village, temple, tomb, PWD Road etc. vide.H1/1191131339/ JVROC/Perm107 (1B)/ 2015/2445 dated 15th September,2015. The study results are being followed at this project as per the permission letters also and the blasting operations are being carried out as per the recommendations. The blast induced ground vibrations are found to be within the permissible standards stipulated by Directorate General of Mines Safety (DGMS) Dhanbad (Table No. 4.8). The blast induced vibrations does not have any effect over the existing structures of the surrounding villages. There are three villages within the 500 m of the proposed JVR OC Mine (I&II Mine) Expansion namely Jinugupalli, Rejarla and Kistaram Villages. But already mining operations were completed within 500 m of the Jinugupali Village and no blasting operations are required to be conducted within 500 m of any building or structure of Kistaram Village also. Blasting operations are proposed to be extended within 500m of residential structures of Rejara Village and PWD road which are in south side. Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 4-19
E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
Since, it is proposed to progress the blasting operations in South side, scientific study for blast vibrations and air over pressure was conducted by SCCL through University college of Engineering, Kakatiya University, Kothagudem, Telangana state in the year 2018-19 to obtain controlled blasting permission with in 500 m of the dwellings of Rejarla Village and PWD Road etc. and the study report was submitted in May, 2019. The conditions stipulated in the DGMS permission, basing on the recent study results or otherwise, will be followed by the project authorities to progress the workings as said above and it is ensured that the stability of residential structures in the surrounding villages will be unaffected due to blast induced vibrations. Safe explosive charge for East side as per study report Distance of structure from blast Maximum explosive face (in meters) weight per delay (in Kg.) 50 16.4 100 65.5 150 147.4 200 262.1 250 409.5 300 589.6 350 802.5 400 1048.2 450 1326.6 500 1637.8 550 1981.8 600 2358.5 650 2767.9 700 2358.5 750 3210.1 800 4192.8 850 4733.3 900 5306.6 950 5912.6 1000 6551.3 1050 7222.8 1100 7927.1 1150 8664.1 1200 9433.9 1250 12036.4 1300 11071.7 1350 11939.8 1400 12840.6 1450 13774.1 1500 14740.5 14740.5
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E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
Safe explosive charge for South side as per study report Distance of structure from blast Maximum explosive face (in meters) weight per delay (in Kg.) 50 13.4 100 53.4 150 120.2 200 213.6 250 333.8 300 480.6 350 654.2 400 854.4 450 1081.4 500 1335.0 550 1615.4 600 1922.4 650 2256.2 700 2616.6 750 3003.8 800 3417.6 850 3858.2 900 4325.4 950 4819.4 1000 5340.0 1050 5887.4 1100 6461.4 1150 7062.2 1200 7689.7 1250 8343.8 1300 9024.7 1350 9732.2 1400 10466.5 1450 11227.4 1500 12015.1 4.4 Impact due to Coal transportation Traffic impact assessment study has been carried out to evaluate the impacts due to transportation of coal by road from JVR Opencast Mine (I&II Expansion) project to Rudrampur Coal Handling Plant (RCHP) and also due to loading and unloading activities on traffic load, ambient air quality and noise levels. Traffic impact assessment study includes the following tasks: · Inspection of the road network between coal loading and unloading points and its surrounding areas. · Review of existing road network operations including survey of existing traffic on the roads connecting to JVR Opencast Mine (I&II Expansion) to RCHP. · Collection of baseline data for ambient air quality and noise levels, movement of vehicles on important roads connecting loading and un loading points of coal · Line source and area source modeling for predicting environmental impacts due to coal transportation on surrounding areas along the road with suitable mitigation measures. · Noise prediction at loading and unloading points.
Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 4-21
E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
4.4.1 Impact Due to traffic Volumes Mode of dispatch of coal from JVR Opencast Mine (I&II Expansion) is as follows. · JVR Opencast Mine (I&II Expansion) to RCHP coal is transported by trucks. · RCHP to Railway siding is by belt Conveyors. · From Railway siding to end users by wagons. The existing road network of coal transport by road is shown hereunder in Figure No. 4.4A.
Figure No. 4.4A Google map showing existing road network from JVR OC mine (I&II Expansion) to RCHP The vehicular movement from mine to RCHP for coal transportation is around 52 km. Out of which coal trucks travel on NH-30 for 12.4 km from JVR OCP CHP (Kistaram ‘Y’) junction to Penuballi and 1.1 km from Penuballi to NH 221 and 38.2 km on NH 221. NH- 30 is adjacent to source. The traffic study was conducted during working day to know the prevailing general traffic volumes on the existing roads and its impact due to movement of coal loaded trucks. It is essential to consider these details for assessing the anticipated coal truck traffic volumes as a part of overall impacts assessment. Based on the traffic studies, V/C ratio and LoS were calculated at three monitoring locations on the coal transportation road. It is evident from the vehicular traffic study that inclusion of additional traffic volumes due to enhancement of coal production from existing 7.50 MTPA to 10.00 MTPA will not have much impact on the traffic load and LoS has not changed at all the three monitored locations viz., Kistaram ‘Y’ junction, Penubally village road and NH-221 due to addition of coal transport vehicles to the existing traffic in the proposed expansion project.
Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 4-22
E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
4.4.2 Impact on Air Quality The air pollution in the project study area arises mainly from the vehicles used for transportation of men, materials and coal. The main air pollutants like particulate matter, CO and NOx are released from the coal transportation. AERMOD Air Dispersion Model is used to predict the ground level concentration of air emissions along the coal transportation route due to vehicular transportation of coal from mine to CHP. Predicted GLCs are compared with National Ambient Air Quality standard notified vide GSR 826 (E), dated 16th November 2009. The existing ambient air quality data represents coal transportation with respect to existing combined capacity of JVR OC-I and JVR OC-II mines (7.5 MTPA). The air quality impacts prediction is carried out for the proposed enhancement of coal production from the existing 7.50 MTPA to 10.00 MTPA in JVR OC Mine (I &II Expansion). The predicted ground level concentrations from air quality impact prediction modeling and the present air quality data are used to understand the overall scenario. From the interpretation of data, it is evident that there is a marginal increase in the pollution levels due to coal transportation from JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion), Sathupalli to RCHP, Kothagudem. However the pollution levels are well within the stipulated standards. Hence the impact of pollutants due to coal transportation by road mode from JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion), Sathupalli to RCHP, Kothagudem is insignificant. 4.4.3 Impact on noise levels There may be marginal increase in the noise levels due to the coal transportation activities. From the noise levels data, it can be inferred that the noise levels in terms of Leq (day) and Leq (night) are well within the stipulated standards at all the locations. From the above traffic impact assessment study it can be inferred that impact on nearby villages due to the transportation of coal by road from JVR OC mine ( I&II Expansion) to Rudrampur coal handling plant is negligible. However, since coal transportation is being switched over to rail mode, the environmental impacts due to coal transportation by road can be prevented. A detailed report of traffic impact assessment study carried out for JVR OC mine ( I&II Expansion) is enclosed as Annexure-4A 4.5 Impact on topography The topographic elevation of the project area varies from 130m above MSL to 215m above MSL with an average slope of 4.16 m/km towards southwest. Due to mining operations the topography & landscape and its immediate vicinity in the mine lease area will be affected and the area will become a depression in mine working zone. During the life of the project, external dump attains a maximum height of 120 m and internal dump attains a maximum height of 120 m and the mine pit will reach to a maximum depth of about in JVR (I&II) Expansion project. Due to the mining operations and OB dumps, the drainage network alters and the flow path gets re-adjusted, as such, there will be no reduction in the total quantity of the flow in this area. With the advance of mining, about 31% of OB will be deposited as external dump and remaining 69% will be backfilled in the voids of JVR OC-I and OC -II de-coaled area as internal backfill. As 100% backfilling is not possible, part of the mine lease area will be left as a void, final void will be left in both JVR OC-I and JVR OC-II at east and north sides of the expansion project. The volume of the final void in JVR OC-I excavation area will be 68.58 Mm3 in
Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 4-23
E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
121.24 ha area and in JVR OCP-II excavation area will be 816.65 Mm3 in 377.88 ha area. This void will become a water reservoir in order to store rain water. The rainfall received in mine area will be accumulated in the mine pit instead of joining the natural drainage as runoff. It is needed to be pumped out to the surface to protect the mine workings. 4.6 Impact on water environment 4.6.1. Impact on Surface drainage The existing drainage in the project area is mostly of 1st and 2nd order streams and flow can be seen during the rain only. There are two seasonal tanks in this area located in the block in southern side of which the catchment is covered by the project area, a tank is falling in the project in the east. During the course of mining, the seasonal nallahs /streams /vagus in and around the project area are envisaged to be disturbed. 4.6.2. Effect of drainage diversion/removal Except few 1st and 2nd order streamlets with a very small catchment area and a limited surface runoff and few seasonal tanks there are no major streams / nallas in the proposed project area. The 1st and 2nd order streamlets that were flowing over the quarry area were re-oriented by the garland drain along the periphery of the quarry so that they meet the main course in the downstream. Thus the existing drainage in the project area is affected. Bethupalli flood flow canal (NTR canal) which passes through the middle of the lease area has been diverted and natural drainage has been modified. Care has been taken to ensure that there will be no reduction in the total quantity of flow in the downstream due to the diversion / removal of the existing drainage in the project area. Rainfall runoff or pumping from mine will ultimately flow into the nearby nallas or tanks by diversion towards downstream side. 4.6.3. Impact on ground water regime The Hydrogeological environ of within 10 km radius buffer zone around proposed Jalagam Vengala Rao Opencast Mine (I&II Expansion) has been studied with the objective of Ground water resource estimation. For this, Ground Recharge, Ground water draft and Ground water balance of the area is assessed as per GEC-2015 methodology. The inflow of water into the proposed project and the impact of mining on ground water regime are also studied. 4.6.4. Aquifer Performance Test An Aquifer Performance Test (APT) was conducted at JVR OC-I. The test well and two observation wells are constructed tapping all the potential aquifers up to ‘A’ seam. The test was conducted with a discharge of 260 lpm (374.4 m3/day), for 1000 minutes. From this Aquifer Performance Test, the hydraulic parameters are estimated to be: Transmissivity (KD) : 6.16 m2/day Hydraulic conductivity (k): 3.42 X 10-1 m/day Storativity(S) : 1.1 x 10-3 4.6.5. Groundwater resource estimation (GEC-2015) Rainfall is the major source of ground water recharge in this area. Groundwater resource estimation is done as per GEC-2015 methodology.
GROUND WATER EXTRACTION: a. Domestic Use (GEDOM) (Ha. meter/Yr) No. of Villages in the Buffer : 30 Total Population as on 2011: 120690 Urban Population: 31857
Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 4-24
E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
Rural Population: 88833 Domestic Use (GE ): Rural Population as on 2019 is 98498 @ 1.36 DOM 215.71 growth rate @ 60 LPD Cattle consumption: @ 10% Domestic Use 21.57
Total as on 2025: Domestic Use (GEDOM) + Cattle consumption 236.57 b. Irrigation (GEIRR) Monsoon ( Kharif Season): 5620.80 Ha 5168.96 Non monsoon (Rabi Season): 5991.51 Ha 5264.85 Total Extraction for Irrigation (GEIRR) 10433.81 c. Industrial Use (GEIND) JVR OCP i. Mine Requirement :1902 (m3/day) 69.40 ii. Domestic Use: - - iii. Plantation: 160 (m3/day) 5.84 iv. Let out into streams/tanks: 922 (m3/day) 33.65 Total Pumping (GEIND) : 2984 (m3/day) 108.92 Gross Groundwater Extraction (GEALL) = GEIRR + GEDOM + GEIND 10780.01
I. GROUND WATER RECHARGE: A. RECHARGE FROM OTHER SOURCES (Ha. meter/Yr) During Monsoon for paddy (RSWI) 4886.92 9345.61 ha @ 0.498 WARFF Recharge from During Monsoon for Non-paddy (RSWI) 30.23 Irrigation water applied 101.2 ha @ 0.498 WARFF by Surface Water During Non-Monsoon for paddy (RSWI) 770.00 Irrigation (RSWI): 1466.61 ha @ 0.500 WARFF Non Paddy Non-Monsoon (RSWI) -
Total Recharge surface water irrigation (GRSWI) 5687.00 Recharge from Recharge in Monsoon season WA RFF 0.348 1798.80 Irrigation water Recharge in Non-monsoon season WA RFF 1826.90 applied by Ground 0.348 Water irrigation (RGWI): Total Recharge applied GW Irrigation (RGWI) 3625.70 Recharge from Tanks & Ponds (RTP): 288.49 1900 ha @ 0.6 times & Recharge facter 1.4mm/day for 180 days Recharge from Return flow mine water let out into streams/tanks (Rmw): 6.73 33.65 Ha.meter/Year @ 20% Total Recharge from other sources (RSWI+RGWI+RTP+RMW) 9607.94 B. RECHARGE FROM RAINFALL I. By Rainfall Infiltration Factor method (Rrf (normal, rifm)) 1. Recharge during Monsoon in sedimentary terrain of Sandstone with 2259.19 shale /coal beds (ST03): @12% of 783.56 mm, 240.27 sq.km 2. Recharge during Monsoon in hard rock terrain of Gneiss-Weathered, 2399.06 Jointed (GN02): @ 11% of 783.56 mm, 278.34 sq.km Total Recharge during Monsoon Season 4658.25 1. Recharge during Non-Monsoon in sedimentary terrain (ST03) @ 470.43 163.16mm 2. Recharge during Non-Monsoon in hard rock terrain Gneiss 499.55 (GN02)@163.16mm Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 4-25
E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
Total Recharge during Non-Monsoon Season 969.98 Total Recharge Rainfall Infiltration factor method (Monsoon+ Non 5628.23 monsoon) II. By Ground water table fluctuation method (Rrf (normal, wtfm)) = Area X Raise in water level X Specific yield i. Recharge in sedimentary terrain: 240.27 sq.km @ 2.24m X 3% 1614.61 ii. Recharge in hard rock terrain of Gneiss: 278.34 sq.km @ 2.22m x 3% 1853.74 Change in storage 3468.35 Rainfall recharge (RRF) = Change in storage + Gross Ground water 4640.42 extraction - Recharge from other sources ± Resultant flows Normalization: Rrf (wtfm) X Normal Monsoon Rainfall / Current Monsoon 3915.79 Rainfall Percent Difference (PD) =100 X Rrf (normal, wtfm) - Rrf (normal,rifm)) / Rrf 3915.79 (normal,rifm) = - 15.94% i.e.,+/-20% @ recharge is equal to wtfm Total Recharge from Rainfall (Monsoon + Non-monsoon) 4885.77 Total Annual Ground Water Recharge (TAGWR) = 14493.71 (Recharge from Rainfall + Recharge from other sources) NET ANNUAL GROUND WATER AVAILABILITY FOR FUTURE USE: Environmental flows (E FLOW): Ha. (if not estimated 5% or 10% of Total Annual Ground Water Resources) meter/Yr) E FLOW @ 5% (Rrf, wtfm) used of (TAGWR: 14493.71) 724.69 III. ANNUAL EXTRACTABLE GROUND WATER RESOURCE (EGR): 13769.02 = TAGWR – EFLOW IV. STAGE OF GROUND WATER EXTRACTION 78.29% = 100 X Annual gross ground water draft / Net Ground water available V. CATEGORIZATION: Stage of GW extraction >70% to < 90% is Semi “Semi critical critical” VI. VALIDATION OF STAGE OF GROUND WATER EXTRACTION: Valid VII. ALLOCATION OF GW RESOURCES FOR DOMESTIC USE 231.59 (GADOM): Population (1,05,747) by the year 2025 @ 60 LPD VIII. NET ANNUAL GROUND WATER AVAILABILITY FOR FUTURE 2994.71 USE: (EGR) – ((GEIRR)- (GEIND)- (GADOM)) TOTAL GROUND WATER AVAILABILITY: IX. In-storage or Static Ground water resource: Un-confined aquifers Ha.meter/Yr) i. Sedimentary terrain (ST03): WL: 8.90m, Depth:300m, Specific yield: 3% 209827.8 ii. Hard rock terrain Gneiss (GN02): WL: 8.35m, Depth:100m, Specific 76529.6 yield:3% Total In-storage or Static Ground water resource 286357.4 X. TOTAL GROUND WATER AVAILABILITY: (EGR + in-storage GW 300126 resources)
Table 4.9 Long term Ground Water level trends in the buffer zone Ground water Trend Analysis Sl. Location of Pre-monsoon Post-monsoon No well Trend Trend (cm/yr) (cm/yr) Well no.1 Neither rise 1 0.94 11.91 Fall Cherukupalli nor fall Well no.4 Neither rise Neither rise 2 -7.87 -6.92 Kistaram nor fall nor fall Well no 13 Neither rise 3 21.82 Fall -2.50 Sadasivunipalem nor fall Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 4-26
E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
Neither rise 4 JVR OC- PW2 66.08 Fall 4.01 nor fall Neither rise 5 JVR OC- PW4 -7.23 -16.78 Rise nor fall 6 JVR OC - PW10 24.90 Fall 13.40 Fall The summary of Ground water Resources are given in Table 4.10 and a flow diagram of hydrologic system of the area are shown in Figure 4.4B.
Table:4.10 Summary of Ground Water Resources Sl. In Hectare- Description of item No. meter I Dynamic ground water resources A Dynamic Ground water resources of Unconfined Aquifer 1 Recharge from ‘Rainfall’ during Monsoon season 3915.79 2 Recharge from ‘Rainfall’ during Non-monsoon season 969.98 3 Recharge from Other sources (Monsoon & Non monsoon) 9607.94 4 Annual ground water Recharge (1+2+3) 14493.71 5 Total Natural Discharges/ Unaccounted losses 724.69 6 Annual Extractable Ground water Resource (4-5) 13769.02 7 Current annual gross ground water extraction for “All uses “ 10780.01 8 Current annual gross ground water extraction for ”Domestic Use” 215.71 9 Current annual gross ground water extraction for” Irrigation Use” 10433.81 10 Current annual gross ground water extraction for ”Industrial Use” 108.92 Annual ground water allocation for domestic water supply as on 11 231.59 2025 12 Net annual ground water availability for future use {6-(9+10+11)} 2994.71 13 Stage of ground water extraction as a Percentage % 78.29 Quantity categorisation for future ground water development 14 Semi critical (Safe/Semi-Critical/Critical/ Over exploited) Does the water table during pre and post monsoon seasons show a 15 No significant falling trend (Yes/No) Validation of Assessment using ground water level trends (valid/ To 16 Valid be reassessed) Dynamic Ground water resources of Confined and Semi confined B aquifers - (If the aquifer being exploited) II IN STORAGE GROUND WATER RESOURCES 17 In storage Ground water resources of un confined aquifer 286357.4 Instorage Groundwater resources of Confinedaquifer/Semiconfined 18 - aquifer 19 Total in storage Ground water Resources (17+18) 286357.4 TOTAL GROUND WATER AVAILABILITY IN THE ASSESSMENT III 300126 AREA (6+19)
Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 4-27
E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
Fig.4.4B - Flow diagram of Hydrologic system in natural conditions
ATMOSPHERE
Precipitation: Evaporation 61372 Ha.M/Yr
Rainfall Recharge: Bodies of surface water Surface water 4885.77 Ha.M/Yr out flow Direct run off
Infiltration
Recharge from other sources: Zone of aeration 9607.94 Ha.M/Yr
Percolation Downward
Seepage Environmental Flows/ Natural discharges: (-) 724.69 Ha.M/Yr
Seepage and spring flow spring and Seepage
Capillary rise Capillary
Dynamic Groundwater Resource (Annual Extractable Groundwater Resource): 13769.02 Ha.M/ Yr
Extraction for Irrigation: Extraction for Domestic Extraction for 10433.81 Ha.M/ Yr use: Industrial use: 215.71 Ha.M/ Yr 108.92 Ha.M/ Yr
GW Extraction for All Uses: 10780.01 Ha.M/ Yr Sedimentation Tank Net Ground water available for Future use: 2994.71 Ha.M/ Yr
Domestic use: - Plantation use: Mine use: 69.42 Let out into 0.00 Ha.M/Yr 5.84 Ha.M/Yr Ha.M/Yr streams/tanks: 33.65 Ha.M/Yr
Soak Pit Oil & grease trap
Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 4-28
E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
4.6.6. INFLOW OF WATER INTO THE PROPOSED PROJECT The inflow of water into the quarry is from three sources: 1. Rainfall over the excavated quarry area. 2. Surface run-off water. 3. Ground water seepage from the aquifers exposed in the quarry side. I. Rainfall over the excavated quarry area: During the mine life period, the excavated quarry area of the project, varies as a function of time in a phased way. The normal rain water intake will be during the period of about four months (June to September) in a year. The mean rainfall on a rainy day at Sattupalli is considered as 13.93mm (An average 70 rainy days/ year). All the rainfall occurring over the excavated quarry area is taken for computation of the quantum of inflow of water and stage wise inflow of water from rainfall is as shown below: Excavated Backfilled area Quarry Balance Inflow of Sl. Period quarry area up to GL and void area at GL water No. (ha) above (ha) (ha) (m3/day) JVR OCP-I Expn 1 2018-19 311.85 17.70 294.15 40887 2 2019-20 311.85 18.97 292.88 40710 JVR OCP-II 1 2018-19 116.27 0.00 116.27 16162 2 2019-20 186.42 0.00 186.42 25912 3 Year -3 504.30 18.97 485.33 67461 4 Year -4 570.98 18.97 552.01 76729 5 Year -5 632.72 58.50 574.22 79817 6 Year -10 789.55 195.82 593.73 82528 7 Year -15 937.09 195.82 741.27 103037 8 Year -20 1010.84 289.45 721.39 100273 9 Year -25 1030.87 503.04 527.83 73368 10 Year -Final 1030.87 531.75 499.12 69378
II. Surface run-off water: Run-off from slopes of internal dumps, in-pit slopes and access road of the project shall be channelled to flow through a common drain into the surface drains. To avoid the flow of surface water towards and into the quarry, suitable precautionary measures like changing the gradient of the topography to be away from the quarry area and OB dumps as barrier and garland drains around them will be provided. General topography and development of drainage net work in the project area shows that the surface drainage is not likely to pose any problem. Hence this component of water flow into the quarry can be ignored. III. Ground water seepage from the aquifers exposed in the quarry side: From the aquifer performance test conducted in this area, the hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer system is estimated to be 3.42 x10-1 m/day. The max depth of the quarry is 350m and the cumulative hydraulic head of the aquifers in this block area is 230m. From this, the ground water inflow into the quarry at the final stage is estimated to be: Q = 2 ∏ k h2/ w(u) Ex: The quantum of inflow of Q = 2 X 3.14 X 3.42x10-1 X (230)2/3.6374 = 31236 m3/day Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 4-29
E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
Aquifers Groundwater S. Period Quarry depth (m) thickness(h) in Inflow into the No. 3 meters quarry (m /day) JVR OCP-I Expn 1 2018-19 150 100 6495 2 2019-20 150 100 6495 JVR OCP-II 1 2018-19 75 35 818 2 2019-20 115 67 2874 3 Year -3 170 110 8878 4 Year -4 170 110 9249 5 Year -5 170 110 9429 6 Year -10 210 130 12531 7 Year -15 270 180 23258 8 Year -20 320 220 32304 9 Year -25 350 230 31791 10 Year -Final 363 230 31236
IV. Impact of mining on Groundwater Table During mining operations, a large quantity of ground water seeps in when the mine workings intersect with the ground water table. Generally, this water is discharged onto land that ultimately gets into nearby streams and may not have significant impact except for TSS & TDS. The other properties of water by and large remain unchanged. However, wastewater treatment tanks (sedimentation tank / siltation tank) will be constructed to treat the mine discharges to remove suspended solids. The impact of mining on local ground water table depends on the mine parameters like depth and rate of expansion, ground water recharge and hydraulic parameters of the aquifers intercepted in the opencast quarry. Only the aquifers above the working bottom- most coal seam get affected. Due to stratification, the permeable beds act as individual units and develop multi-aquifer system. As such, the propagation of drawdown cone is limited to a small distance from the edge of the mine. Due to prominent boundaries/faults, the propagation of this cone of influence is further restricted. The mine water discharged into the local drainage net work/tanks act as constant source of recharge and improves the water levels around the mine. Water requirement: The total mine discharge water to be pumped out during initial operation of the proposed project will be 7118 KLD. Water requirement for Jalagam Vengala Rao Opencast Mine (I & II Expansion) including coal washery will be 3220 KLD. 4.6.7. Radius of influence (RoI) The continuous pumping of ground water from the mine will result the depletion of water table around the project area. The radius of influence of water withdrawing from the proposed open pit has been determined by Thiem’s equation.
2∏ kb (H - hw) Q = 0 2.3 log Ro / rw
The stage wise, Radius of influence on water regime is evaluated as below.
Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 4-30
E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
Balance RoI (m) From Ground water Sl. Quarry Open Period Seepage Project Surface No. depth (m) 3 Area (m /day) (ha) centre edge JVR OCP-I Expn 1 2018-19 150 6495 294.15 2365 1398 2 2019-20 150 6495 292.88 2360 1395 JVR OCP-II 1 2018-19 75 818 116.27 1339 731 2 2019-20 115 2874 186.42 2289 1518 3 Year -3 170 8878 485.33 3083 1840 4 Year -4 170 9249 552.01 3170 1844 5 Year -5 170 9429 574.22 3180 1828 6 Year -10 210 12531 593.73 4053 2678 7 Year -15 270 23258 741.27 3664 2127 8 Year -20 320 32304 721.39 3849 2333 9 Year -25 350 31791 527.83 3958 2662 10 Year -Final 363 31236 499.12 3926 2665 From the long term monitoring of phreatic and piezometric data in the buffer zone of the existing mine scenario, it is observed that, there is no considerable impact of mining on groundwater regime in this area. As per the Groundwater Resource Estimation, the present stage of groundwater extraction is 78.29% and the area categorised as semi critical. The total quantum of water pumped out from the existing mines in the buffer area is about 108.92 Ha.meters /year, while the ground water used for cultivation it is about 10433 Ha.meters /year. From the available hydrogeological information, the radius of influence during the mine development stages, 1395m to 2678m from the edge of the project. A review of the mine plan indicates zone of influence is mostly covered by SCCL acquired lands and over burden dumps. After cessation of mining, the rain water infiltrates rapidly in to the back filled unconsolidated material in the mine pit and the water levels will recoup in a short time. The void area will become a water reservoir in order to store rain water and run off from the surroundings to cater the water requirements of the local communities, besides augmenting recharge to the ground water regime. In view of the above, it can be inferred that there will be no further impact on water regime in this area. However, it is proposed to continue the monitoring of phreatic and piezometric surfaces around the project periodically on long term basis, to observe the adverse impact, if any that may arise in future mining operations. 4.7 Impact on land environment The total land required for the Project is 1953.46 ha and out which the requirement of Forest land is 1156.72 ha. Total forest land required for the project has already been diverted and no further diversion of forest land is involved. Due to the proposed expansion of the project, there will be change in land use pattern. The project involves diversion of Sathupalli - Vemsur PWD road for a length of 4.45 km. It is proposed to divert the road after obtaining permission from State R&B Department. However, by implementing phase-wise reclamation activities in the project the land used for the project will be brought to productive use. Also, forest land will be reclaimed at the end of mining operations and returned to the forest department.
Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 4-31
E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
4.8 Impact of mining on regional climate The area experiences typical tropical climate of a distinct hot summer from March to June with occasional dust storms, a good monsoon between June and September and a pleasant winter from October to February. Rainfall The annual rainfall of this area monitored from 1975 to 2018 at Sattupalli, the nearest gauging station, indicates the annual rainfall to vary widely from 711 (1979) to 1949 mm (2005) with an average of 1155.8 mm and a median of 1183 mm. The maximum monthly rainfall during this period is 676.0 mm (Sep’05). While the maximum daily rainfall is 280.4 mm (20th Sept’ 2005). The project may not have significant impact on the regional climate because of extensive plantation taken up by SCCL in coal mining areas over a period of time. 4.9 Impact on soil quality The earth removed as part of the mining operations will have to be stacked in huge dumps. Fertility of the topsoil will be lost if it is not preserved separately. The soil quality in the overburden dump and backfilled area will be degraded and it will be difficult to raise plantation in these areas. In order to preserve the soil characteristics, it is essential to stack topsoil separately in this project for reuse in reclamation of OB dumps and backfilled areas at an appropriate stage. If overburden dumps are not compacted and proper drainage is not maintained, erosion of exposed soil will contaminate water bodies and deposition of sediments on the soil of surrounding areas take place. 4.10 Impact on socio-economic environment This is an existing project, which is considered for further production enhancement. Due to opening of this project direct employment was generated in the company for working various operations in the mine. The total manpower to be deployed in the mine will be 506 and in washery will be 200. Contractor manpower (In-direct employment) will be around 800 man shifts per day. Indirect employment potential due to the handling operations and ancillary units, suppliers, contractors are expected to provide job opportunities to several people in the region. Normally, no significant changes have been visualized in the traditional way of life and occupation of the local people in coal mining areas. The local people are rather benefited due to the provision of better infrastructure facilities provided by the management. Proposed project is expansion of existing project for production enhancement which will have a positive impact. There is a positive impact on the quality of life, employment avenues and socio-economic development of the region. The local people get direct, indirect employment opportunities because of coal mining activities and infrastructure facilities being developed in these areas. The local people are benefited due to the provision of better infrastructure facilities provided by the management. No significant changes have been visualized in the traditional way of life and occupation of the local people in coal mining areas. No Rehabilitation and resettlement is involved. 4.11 Impact on Flora & Fauna As the mining activity is restricted to the core zone, no significant impact on the flora of the buffer zone due to the expansion of mine is anticipated. As per condition stipulated in stage-I FL approval for diversion of 776.20 ha of JVR OCP-II, a wildlife conservation plan was prepared and funds of Rs. 134.07 Lakhs were deposited with Forest Department. A copy of wildlife conservation plan is enclosed as Annexure No. 4B1. In addition to the above, a separate wild life conservation plan has also been prepared for an amount of Rs.2.57 Crores for conservation of Schedule-I species and submitted to state forest department for approval. A copy of wildlife conservation plan prepared for the Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 4-32
E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion) expansion project is enclosed as Annexure No. 4B2. With afforestation on overburden dumps, development of greenbelt around the mine and implementation of wild life conservation plan, the impact on surrounding flora and fauna can be minimized. 4.12 Evaluation of impacts Evaluation of environmental impacts for any developmental activity is similar to the composite information set in which various subjective criteria is used in assigning parameters importance. As different parameters have different impacts either beneficial or adverse, and of different magnitude, it is difficult to assign their relative importance, thereby substantial subjectivity is involved in expert’s judgment. (V.A.Deshpande & S.K.Goyal, 1998) The Rapid Impact Assessment Matrix (RIAM) method is used in the present study to evaluate the potential impacts associated with the JVR OC-I & II expansion project. The RIAM method is explained below. 4.12.1 The Rapid Impact Assessment Method (RIAM) The RIAM method is based on standard definition for the important assessment criteria as well as the means by which semi quantitative values for each of these criteria can be gathered to provide accurate and independent score for each condition. The impacts of project activities are evaluated against the environmental components and for each component a score (using the defined criteria) is determined, which provides a measure of the impact expected from the component. The important assessment criteria fall into two groups · Criteria that are of the importance to the condition, that individually can change the score obtained, and · Criteria that are of value to the situation, but cannot individually be capable of changing the score obtained The value ascribed to each of these groups of criteria is determined by the use of a series of simple formulae. These formulae allow the scores for the individual components to be determined on a defined basis. The scoring system requires simple multiplication of the scores given to each of the criteria in a group (1). The use of multiplier of group (1) is important, for it immediately ensures that the weight of each score is expressed, where as simple summation of scores could provide identical results for different conditions. Scores for the value criteria group (2) are added together to provide a single sum. This ensures that the individual value score cannot influence the overall score, but that the collective importance of all values group (2) is fully taken into account. The sums of the group (2) scores are then multiplied by the result of the group (1) scores to provide a final assessment score (ES) for the condition. The process for the RIAM in its present from can be expressed: (a1) x (a2) = aT (1) (b1) + (b2) + (b3) =bT (2) (aT) x (bT) = ES (3) where (a1), (a2) are the individual criteria scores for group (A); (b1) (b2) and (b3) are the individual criteria scores for group (B); aT is the result of multiplication of all (A) scores; bT is the result of summation of all (B) scores; and ES is the environmental score for the condition. The judgments on each component are made in accordance with the criteria and scales shown in Table 4.9.
Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 4-33
E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
Table 4.11 Assessment Criteria for Rapid Impact Assessment Method Criteria Scale Description A1: 4 Important to national/international interests Importance of 3 Important to regional/national interests condition 2 Important to areas immediately outside the local condition 1 Important only to the local condition 0 No importance A2: +3 Major positive benefit Magnitude of +2 Significant improvement in status quo change/effect +1 Improvement in status quo 0 No change/status quo -1 Negative change to status quo -2 Significant negative disbenefit or change -3 Major disbenefit or change B1: 1 No change/ not applicable Permanence 2 Temporary 3 Permanent B2: 1 No change/ not applicable Reversibility 2 Reversible 3 Irreversible B3: 1 No change/ not applicable Cumulative 2 Non-cumulative/single 3 Cumulative/synergistic
4.12.2 Environmental Components RIAM requires specific assessment components to be defined through a process of scoping, and these environmental components fall into one of four categories, which are defined as follows: · Physical / Chemical (PC) Covering all physical and chemical aspects of the environment. · Biological / Ecological (BE) Covering all biological aspects of the environment. · Sociological / Cultural (SC) Covering all human aspects of the environment including cultural aspects. · Economic / Operational (EO) Qualitatively to identify the economic consequences of environmental change, both temporary and permanent. To use the evaluation system described, a matrix is produced for each project option, comprising cells showing the criteria used, set against each defined component. Within each cell the individual criteria scores are set down. From the formulae given previously, ES number is calculated and recorded. No claim is made for the sensitivity of any ES value. To provide a more certain system of assessment, the individual ES scores are banded together into ranges where they can be compared. Ranges are defined by conditions that act as markers for the change in bands. Table 4.12 gives the ES values and range bands currently used in RIAM. The final assessment of each component is evaluated according to these range bands. Once the ES score is set into a range band, these can be shown individually or grouped according to component type and presented in whatever graphical or numerical form the presentation requires.
Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 4-34
E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
Table 4.12 Conversion of Environmental Scores to Range Bands Environmental Score Range Bands Description of Range Bands +72 to +108 +E Major positive change / impacts +36 to +71 +D Significant positive change / impacts +19 to +35 +C Moderately positive change / impacts +10 to +18 +B Positive change / impacts +1 to +9 +A Slightly positive change / impacts 0 N No change / impacts -1 to –9 -A Slightly negative change / impacts -10 to -18 -B Negative change / impacts -19 to -35 -C Moderately negative change / impacts -36 to -71 -D Significantly negative change / impacts -72 to -108 -E Major negative change / impacts
4.12.3 RIAM Analysis
The components used for the EIA were determined; scoping includes two options with 8 Physical / Chemical (PC), 5 Biological / Ecological (BE) 6 Social / Cultural (SC) and 7 Economical / Operational (EO) components. The components and the scoring for option 1 (with out EMP) and option 2 (with EMP) are shown in the RIAM matrix in Table 4.13 and Table 4.14 respectively. Option 1: RIAM Analysis without EMP This scenario was based upon the assumption that the proposed development would go ahead without any environmental management options being implemented. The total project impact for the scenario, as can be seen from Table 4.13, is found to be –68 on range band categorised as Significantly negative change/impact (-D), which is on the adverse side. This shows that if the project goes ahead without an EMP, the adverse impact on the existing environment would be several times that of the impact without the project. Thus, the EMP will have to be implemented to minimise the potential negative impact due to the proposed activity. Option 2: RIAM Analysis with EMP If the environmental management strategies are fully implemented, the adverse impact of the project would be reduced, and there will be an overall improvement in physical, chemical, biological and socio-economic environment of the region. The total project impact for the scenario, as can be seen from Table 4.14 is +27 on range band categorised as Positive change / impacts (+C), which is on beneficial side. Therefore, it is clear that the proposed activity will be beneficial for the environment of the area, provided the EMP is in place.
Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 4-35
E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
Table 4.13 RIAM Analysis Matrix and Summary (option: 1) Components ES RB A1 A2 B1 B2 B3 OPTION 1: Impact Assessment without EMP Physical / Chemical components PC1:Excavation / Earth works at sight 0 N 0 0 2 3 1 PC2: Overburden Removal -18 -B 3 -1 2 3 1 PC3: Transportation of overburden from site -10 -B 2 -1 1 2 2 to dump PC4: Transportation of coal from site to coal -12 -B 2 -1 2 1 3 handling plant PC5: Noise generated by different -10 -B 1 -2 2 1 2 machinery at sight PC6: Re-handling of overburden material -12 -B 2 -1 2 2 2 PC7: Wastewater discharge from mining -6 -A 1 -1 2 1 3 operations / office buildings PC8: Ground water / surface water quality -10 -B 2 -1 3 1 1 in the study area Biological / Ecological components BE1:Effects in the nearby area by dust 0 N 2 0 2 3 3 generated by different excavation operations BE2: Effects in the nearby area by particulate matter generated by coal -16 -B 2 -1 2 3 3 extraction procedures BE3:Effects in the nearby area by the Noise / ground vibrations due to different -7 -A 1 -1 2 3 2 operations BE4: Effects in the nearby area due to wastewater generation of mining 0 N 1 0 1 2 3 BE5:Effects on human health in the near by area due to mining -12 -B 2 -2 1 1 1 Sociological / Cultural components SC1: Dust/particulate from mining operations affecting local population SC2: Noise / ground vibrations from mining -4 -A 1 -1 2 1 1 operations affecting nearby structures SC3: Aesthetics of the region -8 -A 2 -1 2 1 1
Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 4-36
E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
Components ES RB A1 A2 B1 B2 B3 SC4: Dust/particulate from mining operations affecting nearby vegetation -4 -A 1 -1 2 1 1 SC5: Land use pattern in the study area 0 N 3 0 1 1 1 SC6: soil quality / erosion of the region Economic / Operational components -5 -A 1 -1 3 1 1 EO1: Socio economic status of the region -7 -A 1 -1 3 3 1 EO2:Construction of buildings / quarters for the staff EO3: Hiring different transport vehicles for -5 -A 1 -1 3 1 1 transport of coal 20 +C 2 2 3 1 1 EO4: Hiring different HEMM for coal extraction +7 +A 1 1 3 3 1 EO5: Construction of roads from site to nearest head quarters +4 +A 1 1 2 1 1 EO6:Economy, trade &commerce of the study area +8 +A 1 2 2 1 1 EO7:Construction of Primary schools +24 +C 3 1 3 3 2
Total Score: - 68 +15 +B 3 +1 1 3 1
Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 4-37
E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
Table 4.14 RIAM Analysis Matrix and Summary (option: 2) Components ES RB A1 A2 B1 B2 B3 OPTION 2: Impact Assessment with EMP Physical / Chemical components PC1:Excavation / Earth works at sight 0 N 1 0 0 0 0 PC2:Overburden Removal/ Transportation -10 -B 2 -1 2 2 1 PC3: Dust suppression by water spray -8 -A 2 -1 2 1 1 PC4: Transportation of coal from site to -5 -A 1 -1 2 1 2 coal handling plant PC5: Noise / ground vibrations generated -12 -B 2 -1 2 2 2 by mining operations PC6: Re-handling of overburden material -8 -A 2 -1 2 1 1 PC7: Wastewater discharge from mining -4 -A 1 -1 1 2 1 operations / office buildings PC8: Ground water / surface water quality -6 -A 1 -1 2 1 3 in the study area Biological / Ecological components BE1:Effects in the nearby area by dust generated by mining operations 0 N 2 0 2 3 3 BE2: Effects on nearby flora and fauna by particulate matter generated by coal extraction procedures -12 -B 2 -1 2 2 2 BE3:Effects on nearby flora and fauna by the Noise / ground vibrations due to different operations -5 -A 1 -1 2 1 2 BE4: Effects in the nearby area due to wastewater generation of mining 0 N 1 0 1 2 3 BE5:Green belt development on OB dumps and along the haul roads +21 +C 1 +3 3 3 1 Sociological / Cultural components SC1: Dust/particulate from mining operations affecting local population SC2: Noise / ground vibrations from mining -4 -A 1 -1 1 2 1 operations affecting nearby structures SC3: Aesthetics of the region -3 -A 1 -1 1 1 1 SC4: Dust/particulate from mining operations affecting nearby vegetation 0 N 3 0 1 1 1
Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 4-38
E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
Components ES RB A1 A2 B1 B2 B3 SC5: Land use pattern in the study area 0 N 2 0 2 1 3 SC6: soil quality / erosion of the region Economic / Operational components -3 -A 1 -1 1 1 1 EO1: Socio economic status of the region -3 -A 1 -1 1 1 1 EO2:Construction of buildings / quarters for the staff EO3: Hiring different transport vehicles for +24 +C 2 2 3 2 1 transport of coal 0 N 0 0 0 0 0 EO4: Local employment opportunities EO5: Construction of roads from site to +5 +A 1 +1 2 2 1 nearest head quarters EO6:Economy, trade &commerce of the 3 +A 1 +1 1 1 1 study area +12 +C 2 +1 3 2 1 EO7:Construction of Primary schools and health facilities +27 +C 3 +1 3 3 3
Total Score: +27 +18 +C 3 +1 1 3 2
4.12.4 Conclusions The ability of RIAM to provide clear, transparent, and permanent record of the judgments made in EIA is a major advance in improving the use of EIA. From the Rapid Impact Assessment Method (RIAM), it is clear that the proposed mining project would have negative affect with out implementing certain environmental management strategies. If EMP, is strictly adopted and implemented, the adverse impacts will be reduced and the overall environmental quality of the area would improve. 4.13 Measures for Minimizing the Impacts
4.13.1 Impact Mitigation during operation phase In this phase efforts will be made to minimize and negate environmental impacts associated with regular operation and maintenance. The major environmental impacts during operational phase will be generation of dust and noise. 4.14 Measures for control of Air Pollution As discussed earlier, mining activities will generate large quantities of dust during drilling, blasting, loading and transportation operations. The following measures are being taken to mitigate the fugitive dust from different operations, which will be continued in expansion phase also.
· Water spraying on haul roads and other roads at regular intervals · Adopting Wet drilling Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 4-39
E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
· Dust suppression by mist spray at coal receiving point and unloading point. · Black topping of permanent road link routes to CHP, permanent internal road. · Use of appropriate explosives for blasting and avoiding over charging of blast holes. · Provision of green belt by vegetation for trapping dust. · Greenbelt development along the roads dumping yards and along the boundaries of the lease area. · Schedule maintenance and periodical tuning of engines to control the exhaust emissions from HEMM containing CO, SO2 & NOx . · Plantation on over overburden dumps. · Mist Spray arrangements at the Unloading points and coal transfer point. · Covering of trucks with tarpaulin while transporting coal · Restricting the speed of the vehicles within the prescribed limits in project area. · Loading of trucks up to brim level of the body. · Minimizing the height of fall at all coal unloading and transfer points. · Internal lining of chutes and bins to take care of abrasion & dust. The following measures will also be taken during expansion for prevention of air pollution in the quarry area: · Water Sprinklers of 28KL capacity (3 Nos) and 12-16 KL capacity (8 Nos) will be provided. · 9 Motor graders are provided to grade the roads and remove the excess dust on the roads. · Mobile mist spray machine will be operated for controlling fugitive dust emissions.
4.15 Measures for control of Noise Levels The major noise-generating source from the proposed activity is working machinery blasting and plying of vehicles. The exhaust emission from HEMM containing CO, SO2 & NOx will be controlled by strictly adhering to the schedule maintenance and periodical tuning of engines. Plantation on over overburden dumps. The following noise control measures are being taken in the existing project for mitigating noise pollution. During the expansion phase also the same measures will be implemented. · Formulation and implementation of suitable blast design parameters such as burden, spacing, charge per delay etc. for different coal/OB types. · Controlled blasting techniques by using NONELs to minimize the noise and vibration. · Procurement of HEMM with acoustically designed operator’s cabins. · Proper maintenance and tuning of HEMM and other machinery.. · Greenbelt with species of rich canopy around the lease area and along the roads, to attenuate the noise levels. · Use of personal protective devices i.e., earmuffs and earplugs by workers, working in high noise activity centers. · Lining of chutes in coal handling plants for noise absorption. · With the noise abatement measures mentioned above, it is expected that the noise levels will be maintained in compliance with stipulated standards. · Control Measures for minimizing Blasting vibration Blasting operation may cause ground vibrations, fly rocks and air blast. The various control measures are; 4.15.1 Ground vibrations Blasting in mining areas may give rise to ground vibrations which may cause damage to nearby structures. Fly rock is another problem that deserves attention. DGMS circular No.7 dated. 29.8.1997 stipulates permissible standards for blast induced ground vibrations. Based on the ground vibration studies made earlier proper care will be taken during blasting operations. The following precautions are being taken up at the project site for controlling noise and blast vibrations. During the expansion phase also the same measures will be implemented. Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 4-40
E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
· Controlled blasting technique using non-electric delay detonators to reduce blast vibrations substantially. · Regulating Charge per delay to minimize blast vibrations. · Optimum delay sequence and stem to column ratio to minimize the fly rock distance and ground vibration intensity. · Basing on the distance of the nearest sensitive areas from the epicentre of the blast, charge weight alteration to meet the stipulated standards. · Design of optimum blast hole geometry considering bench height, diameter of hole, type of explosive, nature of rock, level of fragmentation required etc. · Carrying out blasting operations in day time. · Drilling, Charging and blasting operations under strict supervision as per DGMS stipulations. · Avoidance of secondary blasting 4.15.2 Fly Rock There are a large number of factors that influence fly rocks. Most important of these factors are long explosive columns with little stemming at the mouth of the hole, irregular shape of face, long water column in holes, loose stones on face of the surface blasting area, and strong wind. However, certain preventive measures will be taken to minimize the risks arising from flying fragments. These are: Ø Marking of danger zone: The area falling within 500 m of the blasting area will be marked off as danger zone with red flags, or other appropriate signs, and entry of any unauthorized person into this zone will be prohibited during blasting operation. Ø Warning signals: An audible warning signal will be given, fifteen minutes before actual firing of blast to enable persons to move out of danger zone. For this purpose, a set of sirens / hooters will be provided at appropriate places. Ø Providing blasting shelters: In order to protect the personnel engaged in blasting operations, blasting shelters will be provided in close proximity to the site of blasting for taking shelter during blasting. Air over pressure The release of explosive energy through air and movement of fragmented rocks are the primary causes for noise and air over pressure during blasting. Adoption of following measures while carrying out blasting operation will help in reducing the intensity of air over pressure and will also minimize the noise level associated with the air blasts. The measures suggested are:
Ø Avoiding overcharging of blast holes Ø Adequate stemming Ø Maintaining proper inter-hole & inter-row delays. The greenbelt, which is being provided, will act as noise attenuator. With the noise abatement measures (as indicated above), it is expected that the noise levels will be maintained in compliance with DGMS standards. 4.16 Measures for control of Water Pollution Mining activities may cause adverse impacts due to discharge of mine drainage, siltation due to storm water, and contaminated water from workshops and domestic wastewater. An impact due to soil erosion during monsoon periods is also significant in nature.The following control measures are being taken to bring down Water Pollution. The measures will be taken in expansion phase also. · Creation of water storage areas in the opencast mines for settlement of suspended solids before pumping the water out of the mine. · Provision of oil and grease traps in HEMM workshops for treating effluents and their subsequent recycling.
Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 4-41
E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
· Construction of garland drains along the dumps and along the lease area to restrict the suspended solids from entering into the natural water regime as well as to prevent storm water entering the lease area. · Usage of part of the mine water for dust suppression, greenbelt development, etc. · Establishing septic tanks followed by soak pits for treating the domestic wastewater generated from the mine office. · Construction of Check dams/rock fill dams wherever necessary to reduce siltation. · Treatment of excess mine water in settling tanks to separate the suspended solids before let out into the nearby irrigation tanks/ streams / agricultural land. · The colony sewage will be treated in sewage treatment plant after establishment of colony. 4.17 Water requirement and wastewater generation: As a result of mining operations water is required to be pumped out continuously from ground to surface for carrying out the mining operations safely. The total mine discharge water to be pumped out during initial operation of the proposed project will be 7118 KLD. Water requirement for Jalagam Vengala Rao Opencast Mine (I & II Expansion) including coal washery will be 800 KLD. The breakup of water utilization for various activities during initial stages of mining operations is as follows. Description Quantity in KLD Total Pumped out water : 7118 Dust Suppression : 2350 HEMM Washing : 60 Green belt Development : 100 Domestic Use : 90 Coal Washery : 620 Excess Mine Water Discharge : 3898 Total utilization is 3220 m3/day and the balance 3898 m3 /day will be let out into the nearby tanks for use by the local people for their agricultural needs. This acts as constant source of recharge to the groundwater regime and improves the water levels around the mine. As excess mine water is being let out in to nearby agricultural tanks throughout the year, the local people are rather benefitted by raising two crops in a year.
Water requirement for various mine operations
Total Water Generation 7118 kld
Discharged Total Water Consumption 3220 kld 3898 kld
Settling Filter bed Surface Tank Settling Ponds Pond
` Domestic Dust HEMM To near by Tanks Washery Use Suppression Washing For Agriculture 620 kld 90 kld 2350 kld 60 kld 3898 kld
Septic tank Recycling To Plantation Followed by ETP Washery 100 kld Soak PIT
Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 4-42
E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
4.17.1 Domestic Sewage & Workshop Effluents: The effluent generated from the workshops and their spillages will be diverted to the Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP) to treat the wastewater. The ETP treated water is partly re-used and balance water is used for plantation. The domestic effluent from mine office will be treated in septic tank and soak pit and will be used for green belt development. The colony domestic effluent will be treated in sewage treatment plant. The treated water will be let out, which will meet the irrigation needs of the local agricultural fields.
Flow Chart of Effluent Treatment Plant
Workshop Effluents Settling Chamber Oil & Grease Trap Treated Effluent
Sludge Drying Waste Oil Collection Green Belt
Reuse for washing
Flow Chart of Sewage Treatment Plant for Colony
4.17.2 Rain water harvesting measures From the hydro-geological investigations, it is evident that the major portion of ground water is being used for agricultural use only. Various measures are being implemented in the existing mines for optimum utilization of mine discharge water for uses like dust suppression, plantation, etc., and excess water is being discharged in to nearby tank for use by local villagers for their agricultural needs. The following measures are proposed to be implemented in the expansion project for rain water harvesting and ground water recharge. · De-siltation of nearby village tanks which increases the availability of water for irrigation purposes and also helps in augmentation of ground water re-charge. · Construction of artificial rain water harvesting structures in and around the project area. · Construction of check dams, settling tanks in the project area for storage of water and ground water harvesting.
Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 4-43
E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
4.18 Solid waste management During the process of coal extraction overlying strata consisting of topsoil and sedimentary rock formation will be removed separately as overburden. Solid waste mainly consists of overburden material obtained during mining operations at different stages and a negligible quantity of shale/rejects separated from the excavated coal. The calendar programme of mining operation has been formulated based upon the adopted sequence of mine development and optimum condition of mining operation for the entire life of opencast mine. Jalagam Vengala Rao Opencast Mine (I &II Expansion) generates 1046.89 Mm3 (Bank) of OB in order to produce 245.51 Mt of coal throughout its life. Out of the total OB, 1032.70 Mm3 is hard OB and 14.19 Mm3 is topsoil. Top soil spreading also includes left over quantity of 0.64 Mm3 as on 31.03.2018. It is planned to accommodate about 31.05 % (325.05 Mm3) of OB in the external dump yards and 68.95% (722.48 Mm3) of OB in the internal dump yard. The top soil will be preserved temporarily on the western side of the pit. The following design criteria have been considered for waste dumps. · Separate spoil dumps for top soil and hard OB · The OB will be accommodated in one external and two internal dumps · Maximum height of top soil dump is 10 m. · Hard OB will be dumped in 30 m high decks. · Dump slope for each deck to be at natural angle of repose of 37 1/2O and overall slope at 28o · Track dozers will be deployed for shaping and compacting the dumps. · Maximum height of external dump is 120 m above ground level. · The maximum height of internal dump in the proposed project will be up to 120m above ground level. At the end of mining operations, sloping of internal dumps will be made towards the final void such that any soil eroding from the dumps will settle down in the void area. 4.18.1 Location of Dump Yards Dump planning: It is proposed to accommodate hard overburden and top soil in the following manner during the life of the proposed OC mine. Height Sl. Hard Top above Area Dump yard Total No. OB Soil Ground level Mm3 m ha A. External DumpYards 1 External DumpYard 317.51 7.54 325.05 120 507.05 B. Internal DumpYards 715.19 7.29 722.48 120 531.75 1 JVR OC-I Internal Dump 120.48 2.95 123.43 120 190.79 2 JVR OCP-II Internal Dump 594.71 4.34 599.05 120 340.96 Total 1032.70 14.83 1047.53 Note: Top soil spreading includes left over quantity of 0.64 Mm3 in temporary storage as on 31.03.2018 and 14.19 Mm3 Top soil generated during expansion. There are two no. of internal dump yards planned to accommodate OB form the expansion project. One is Jalagam Vengala Rao Opencast-I Expansion Project Internal Dump Yard and the second is Jalagam Vengala Rao Opencast Project -II Internal Dump Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 4-44
E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
Yard. Both these internal dumps are backfilling areas in excavated voids of respected projects. The final height of both the internal dump yards will be raised up to 120m with each deck of 30 m height 4.18.2 External Dump Yard: 39.08 Mm3 of OB from Jalagam Vengala Rao Opencast-I Expansion Project was already accommodated up to 90 m height from ground level and the activity was completed in the year 2010. After commencement of Jalagam Vengala Rao Opencast Project -II in 2017- 18, the dump yard is being extended towards North- West side and 7.34 Mm3 OB was dumped in the year. In the proposed Expansion, the dump yard is raised to maximum 120 m height from ground level including the areas which were already dumped and progressed towards North- West side and will be extended towards South side at the end. The hard OB that is produced from 1st year to 15th year of Coal production will be accommodated in external dump yard. By 10th year OB dumping in forest land of external dump yard will be completed. The hard OB produced from 1st year to 15th year is 317.51 Mm3 and top soil utilized will be 7.54 Mm3. 4.18.3 Internal Dump Yard: JVR OC-I Internal Dump As per calendar programme of OB removal, the hard OB produced from the Project in 1st year and 2nd year was accommodated in JVR OC-I internal dump. From 3rd year to 10th year, the part of hard OB produced from the Jalagam Vengala Rao Opencast Project –II Expansion Project will be accommodated. The hard OB accommodated in JVR OC-I Internal Dump Yard from 1st year to 10th year will be 120.48 Mm3 and top soil utilized will be 2.95 Mm3. JVR OCP-II Internal Dump OB dumping in this dump yard starts after 5th year. JVR OCP-II Internal Dump is the continuation of JVR OC-I Internal Dump. The part of hard OB produced from 5th year to 28th year of coal production will be accommodated in JVR OCP-II Internal dump yard. The hard OB accommodated in JVR OCP-II Internal Dump Yard from 5th year to 28th year will be 594.71 Mm3 and top soil utilized will be 4.34 Mm3. About 120.48 M.Cum (JVR OC-I) and 594.71 M.Cum (JVR OC-II) of hard OB is envisaged to be back-filled in the voids of the proposed quarry area. Maximum height of internal dump yard will be 120 m from ground level. At the end of mining operations sloping of internal dumps will be made towards the final void such that silt due to soil erosion from the dumps will settle in to the voids. 4.18.4 Top Soil Storage Yard The topsoil excavated from quarry area is being dumped separately at pre-determined place and subsequently utilized for spreading over external dumps as well as back filled areas as a part of reclamation. Precautions are being taken to limit the height of the topsoil dump to 10 meters in order to preserve its fertility and shelf life. A total quantity of 14.83 M.Cum of topsoil is proposed to be removed during the mining operations. Out of 14.83 M. Cum. of topsoil, a quantity of 7.29 M.Cum, will be spread over backfilled area, 7.54 M.Cum in external dump area. 4.18.5 Stage-Wise OB Management: The project is already operating opencast mine and it is proposed to enhance the rated capacity to 10 MTPA. Stage-wise details of overburden (hard OB and top soil) excavation, dumping of hard OB in the external and internal dump yards, and top soil placement in different stages of mining operations is furnished in Tables 4.15 and 4.16 respectively.
Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 4-45
E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
OB management details in JVR OC-I and JVR OC-II up to 2017-18 (All fig. in M.Cum)
Internal Dump Cumulative External Dump JVR OC-I OB Removal (Cumulative) JVR OCP-II Total Mine Expansion Top Top Top Top Top OB Total OB OB OB OB Soil Soil Soil Soil Soil JVR OC-I 4.06 143.81 147.87 39.08 3.14 104.73 0.51 0.00 0.00 104.73 0.51 Expn JVR OCP-II 0.23 7.34 7.57 7.34 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 TOTAL 4.29 151.15 155.44 46.42 3.14 104.73 0.51 0.00 0.00 104.73 0.51
Table 4.15 Cumulative OB management in JVR OC (I&II Expansion) in M. Cum
Back Filling-(Cumulative) Cumulative External Dump JVR OC-I JVR OCP-II Total Year OB Removal (Cumulative) Expansion Internal Internal Dump Internal Dump Dump Top Soil OB Total OB Top Soil OB Top Soil OB Top Soil OB Top Soil Up To 4.29 151.15 155.44 46.42 3.14 104.73 0.51 0.00 0.00 104.73 0.51 2017-18 Y-1 2.18 38.73 40.91 23.73 0.00 15.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 15.00 0.00 Y-2 3.52 68.04 71.56 46.83 0.33 21.21 0.41 0.00 0.00 21.21 0.41 Y-3 3.65 119.54 123.19 70.60 0.33 48.94 0.41 0.00 0.00 48.94 0.41 Y-4 4.96 165.31 170.27 84.88 1.46 80.44 0.41 0.00 0.00 80.44 0.41 Y-5 6.17 211.41 217.58 109.85 1.98 97.61 1.02 3.95 0.00 101.56 1.02 Y-10 9.33 401.63 410.96 217.89 4.78 120.27 2.95 63.47 0.04 183.74 2.99 Y-15 12.31 627.49 639.80 317.51 7.54 120.27 2.95 189.71 0.04 309.98 2.99 Y-20 13.78 832.90 846.68 317.51 7.54 120.48 2.95 394.91 3.02 515.39 5.97 Y-25 14.19 993.23 1007.42 317.51 7.54 120.48 2.95 555.24 4.34 675.72 7.29 Y-28 14.19 1032.70 1046.89 317.51 7.54 120.48 2.95 594.71 4.34 715.19 7.29 GRAND 18.48 1183.85 1202.33 363.93 10.68 225.21 3.46 594.71 4.34 819.92 7.8 TOTAL
Table 4.16 Top soil placement (in M.Cum) (cumulative) Year/ Top Soil Spreading Over Spreading over Total Utilized Temporary Stage Removal "Mm3" Backfilled Area OB Dump Area Top Soil Storage Up To 17-18 4.29 0.51 3.14 3.65 0.64 1st 2.18 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.82 2nd 3.52 0.41 0.33 0.74 3.42 3rd 3.65 0.41 0.33 0.74 3.55 4th 4.96 0.41 1.46 1.87 3.73 5th 6.17 1.02 1.98 3.00 3.81 10th 9.33 2.99 4.78 7.77 2.2 15th 12.31 2.99 7.54 10.53 2.42 20th 13.78 5.97 7.54 13.51 0.91 25th 14.19 7.29 7.54 14.83 0 TOTAL 14.19 7.29 7.54 14.83 0 GRAND TOTAL 18.48 7.80 10.68 18.48 0
Note: · Up to 31.03.2018, total OB removed was 155.44 Mm3 which includes 151.15 Mm3 Hard OB and 4.29 Mm3 Topsoil. · Out of this 155.44 Mm3 of OB, 147.87 Mm3 of OB was generated from JVR OC-I Expansion project which includes 143.81Mm3 Hard OB and 4.06 Mm3 Topsoil. · From JVR OCP-II Project, 7.57 Mm3 OB was generated which comprises of 07.34 Mm3 Hard OB and 0.23 Mm3. · Topsoil available as on 31.03.2018 in temporary storage was 0.64 Mm3, which will be spread during subsequent period of proposed expansion. Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 4-46
E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
1. Balance OB to be removed from the proposed Jalagam Vengala Rao Opencast Mine (I & II Expansion)will be 1046.89 Mm3 which includes 1032.70 Mm3 Hard OB and 14.19 Mm3 topsoil. 2. Unsalable rejects from washery produced in the year shall be accommodated in line with year- wise dump plans 4.18.6 Final Void Final void will be left in both JVR OC-I excavation area and JVR OCP-II excavation area i.e. at East and North sides of the Expansion project and the depth of the final mine void at the end of mining operations i.e. by the end of 28th year will be 146 m and 363.45 m respectively. The volume of the final void in JVR OC-I Internal dump will be 68.58 Mm3 in 121.24 ha area and in JVR OCP-II Internal dump will be 816.65 Mm3in 377.88 ha area. It is proposed to use the voids as water reservoir. 4.19 Measures for minimizing the impacts on Land environment Any mining activity may alter the land use pattern in the lease area. In order to minimize the adverse affects, the following suggestions have been made. Ø Plantation on the over burden dumps. Ø Construction of check dams to prevent soil erosion during the monsoon season. Ø Green belt development along the boundary of the lease area so as to minimize the visual impact. Ø Topsoil excavated from the site will be dumped separately at predetermined place and subsequently be spread on external dumps for plantation. Ø Back-filling of the mine pits concurrently with the mining operations (land reclamation). 4.20 Measures for reduction of impacts on Forest Land It is an existing mine within the same land forest land, the impacts could be minimized by keeping view of the following points: · The post mining land use will represent the native eco system. · Plant Species which are identified before commencement of project will be introduced from the initial stage of reclamation. · The natural succession of the species will be aimed at · Biological engineering structures will be developed for more success rate in reclamation · Devising an action plan for the proper reclamation from the commencement of the project. 4.21 Action plan for reclamation · Maintain the environmental inventory of the area. · Record the nature of environmental parameters required for the existing environmental inventory to sustain: These include soil characteristics, topography, drainage pattern etc. · Analyze the characteristics of the overburden and plan for adding amendments (Natural & Artificial) for sustaining the species growth · Preserve the plant species in the nurseries and develop their inventory for bulk usage · Establish the species on the top soil preservation dumps for preserving fertility of soil · Plant the species in the reclamation dumps from the initial stages. · Plan for taking up engineering structures for giving better results to the reclamation. · Allocate the funds provided in the project for construction of the engineering structures and development of the plant species. · Supervision of entire plantation activities by qualified officers from the Forestry Dept of the company 4.22 Land Reclamation As the mining operations alter the land use pattern in the lease area, reclamation is being done with the following objectives.
Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 4-47
E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
· To minimize the adverse affects. · To bring the excavated land area to its pre-mining status as far as practicable. · To improve the landscape in general. Stage-wise reclamation programme has been formulated for the project. The details of technical and biological reclamation at different stages till the end of the project are given in Table Nos.4.17 and 4.18.
Table 4.17: Technical Reclamation (Cumulative values in ha.)
Land Degraded Technically Reclaimed Dump Infra Dump Year/Stage (External Back Excavation structure/ Total (External+ Others Total + Filling Others Top Soil) Top Soil) Up To 2017-18 347.09 141.75 200.50 689.34 17.70 71.24 35.72 124.66 Y-1 18-19 428.12 181.06 299.11 908.29 17.70 41.13 41.51 100.34 Y-2 19-20 498.26 215.00 294.12 1007.38 18.97 65.14 49.79 133.90 Y-3 20-21 504.30 256.07 295.43 1055.80 18.97 65.14 49.79 133.90 Y-4 21-22 570.98 258.78 296.64 1126.40 18.97 132.65 49.79 201.41 Y-5 22-23 632.72 299.70 417.67 1350.09 58.50 132.65 53.68 244.83 Y-10 23-28 789.55 417.39 398.85 1605.79 195.82 331.52 57.39 584.73 Y-15 28-33 937.09 537.64 435.36 1910.09 195.82 507.05 61.96 764.83 Y-20 34-38 1010.84 519.45 379.80 1910.09 289.45 507.05 61.96 858.46 Y-25 38-43 1030.87 507.05 372.17 1910.09 503.04 507.05 61.96 1072.05 Y-28 45-46 1030.87 507.05 372.17 1910.09 531.75 507.05 263.32 1302.12 (Final) Post Closure
Y-31 46-49 1030.87 507.05 372.17 1910.09 531.75 507.05 762.44 1801.24
Table 4.18 Biological Reclamation (Cumulative values in ha.) Biologically Reclaimed Area Un Disturbed/ Forest Year/Stage Water To be left Land Total Total Agriculture Plantation Body for Public/ Return com Use Up To 2017-18 0 89.60 0 0 89.60 0 89.60 Y-1 18-19 0 77.90 0 0 77.90 0 77.90 Y-2 19-20 0 87.46 0 0 87.46 0 87.46 Y-3 20-21 0 103.78 0 0 103.78 0 103.78 Y-4 21-22 0 103.78 0 0 103.78 0 103.78 Y-5 22-23 0 164.54 0 0 164.54 0 164.54 Y-10 23-28 0 126.88 0 319.4 446.28 0 446.28 Y-15 28-33 0 273.38 0 319.4 592.78 0 592.78 Y-20 34-38 0 410.61 0 319.4 730.01 0 730.01 Y-25 38-43 0 520.82 0 319.4 840.22 0 840.22 Y-28 45-46 0 543.87 0 319.4 863.27 0 863.27 (Final) Post Closure
Y-31 46-49 0 535.70 108.82 1156.72 1801.24 108.85 1910.09
Plans showing stage wise reclamation programme in the project are furnished as fig No. 4.5. to Fig 4.14. Green belt developed around the plant based on above criteria will not only act as sink for pollutants, but also will reduce the noise impact and improve the aesthetic quality of the location. After developing the green belt, the site will not be visible from outside. Implementing of afforestation programs is of paramount importance for any industrial development activity. In addition to augmenting present vegetation, it will also check soil erosion, make the ecosystem more complex and functionally more stable, make the climate more conducive and restore water balance.
Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 4-48
E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
4.23 Hazardous Waste Management Details of Hazardous Waste Generation: During process of opencast coal mining, the following hazardous wastes will be generated. · Used oil / waste oil and grease containers · Used Lead acid batteries · Non ferrous scrap Hazardous Waste Handling: The hazardous waste generated in the project is being stored properly in secured way at concerned project store till their disposal. Used oil is collected in lid tight drums which are stored on paved platform covered with shed. Drains are constructed for collection of oil spillages and carryover of oil from the storage premises. The hazardous waste authorization was obtained from Telangana State Pollution Control Board (TSPCB) for storing and disposal of the hazardous waste at area stores. Neutralization pits are constructed near the storage platform of used lead acid batteries for treating any leakages from batteries. The hazardous waste consisting of used & waste oil and lead acid batteries are being disposed off to authorized recyclers through e-auction and within a period of 90 days as per the Hazardous Waste (Management, Handling and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2016. Disposal of Hazardous Waste: The used lead acid batteries are being returned to manufacture or dealer on buy back basis or registered recyclers approved by TSPCB. Used oil / waste oil and Non ferrous scrap are being disposed off to the authorized reprocessing agencies / units approved by TSPCB. The used containers after detoxification are being disposed off to outside agencies / units approved by TSPCB.
4.24 Mine closure Plan Mine being an excavation into the earth must be closed after exhaustion of the minerals. Closing a mine without adequate planning of post mining activities may induce severe negative impacts on environment in the post closure stage. Closing of coal productions involves numerous issues like reclamation and environment protection, community issues, socio-economic consideration, planning for alternate use of available facilities, cost estimation and asset disposal. The mine closure plan shall aim at rehabilitation of disturbed area, to the acceptable level to local community as well as authority and shall not be cost prohibitive for the proponent. The main purpose of mine closure plan is to – · Eliminate unacceptable health hazards and ensuring public safety · Restore the site to a condition in which it is visually acceptable to the community · Reclaim for future use the areas where infrastructures are located. Reasons for Mine Closure: The proposed mine could be closed due to any one or many or all of the following reasons- · Exhaustion of the deposits · Policies of Govt. · Force majeure conditions 4.24.1 Pre-Mining Land Use and Current status of the Site The pre-mining land use status of the project is furnished hereunder in Table No. 4.19.
Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 4-49
E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
Table No. 4.19. Pre mining land use pattern of project area Within ML Area Outside ML Total Sl. No. Land owner ship Land use Area Extent (ha) 1 Tenancy/ Agriculture 499.45 22.57 522.02 Private Grazing 0.00 0.00 Water Body 23.08 23.08 Roads 7.38 7.38 Villages 7.73 7.73 Sub-Total 537.64 22.57 560.21 2 Govt. Land Agriculture 192.29 192.29 Grazing 3.75 3.75 Water Body 14.21 14.21 Roads 4.86 4.86 Villages 0.62 0.62 Waste Land 20.80 20.80 Sub-Total 215.73 20.80 236.53 3 Forest Land Reserve 1156.72
Sub-Total 1156.72 1156.72 1910.09 43.37 1953.46 Total 4.24.2 Post-Closure land Use Plan Total hard OB that is going to be excavated during the entire life of the Project is 1046.89 M.Cu.m. Out of which 325.05 M.Cu.m of hard OB (31.04 %) was dumped in the external dump yard and remaining 722.48 M.Cu.m of hard OB (69.04%) will be accommodated in the internal dump yard (i.e. back filled in the decoaled area of the quarry). Maximum height of the external dump and that of internal dump yard is 120 m above the ground level. Total land required for project is 1953.46 ha including 1030.87 Ha of quarry area. After completion of mining operations 535.70 Ha of land will be used for plantation, 108.85 Ha of land used for roads will be left for public use and 108.82 Ha of land will be water body. 1156.72 of forest land will be returned to forestry authorities. The post closure land use pattern of ML area is furnished in Table No. 4.20. Table 4.20 Post Closure land use pattern (ha) Public / Forest Sl. Total Water Type Plantation Company Land No. Area (ha) Body Use (Returned) With in ML Area Excavation/ Quarry 1 1030.87 Area: (a) Backfilled Area 531.75 141.40 390.35
(b) Excavated Void 499.12 95.56
2 External Dump 507.05 314.96 192.09
Safety Zone 3 177.69 65.71 15.00 96.98 /Rationalization area Road & Infra-structure 4 152.74 7.88 93.85 51.01 area (a) CHP & Coal Yard 22.33 22.33
(b) Coal Washery 13.03 1.13 11.90 (c) Road Diversion 18.97 1.15 12.73 5.09
Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 4-50
E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
(d) Magazine 6.94 1.45 5.49 (e) Railway Siding 43.15 1.74 41.41 (f) Mine Service Facilities 48.32 2.41 15.95 29.96 Garland Drains, 5 26.78 0.46 13.26 13.06 Settling Ponds 6 Embankment 14.96 5.29 9.67
Water Reservoir near 7 403.56 pit/ Water Body GRAND TOTAL 1910.09 535.70 108.82 108.85 1156.72 Out side ML Area 9 Colony/township 43.37 0 0 43.37 0 Grand Total 1953.46 535.70 108.82 152.22 1156.72 Native species with economic value will be planted on the reclaimed area after topsoil carpeting, which also helps in controlling soil erosion caused by rain and wind. Extensive Plantation will be taken up over the external dump area, back filled area, along the haul roads, approach roads and along the quarry boundary. The service buildings, workshops etc. will be utilized for the adjoining projects in future. The quarry area is surrounded by garland drains with intermediate settling provision so that only clear water is discharged into the natural water body. The mine seepage water is pumped out & discharged into settling tanks where the coal fines is settled and only clear water is discharged into the water body. The area where the mine dewatering ponds are established is restored and leveled and the site re-vegetated, so as to establish the natural drainage of the area. The voids left over will get filled with rain water and surface run off during monsoon and will act as a potential water body which will help in augmenting the ground water table levels. To maintain quarry void pond overflow drainage, maintenance-free open spillways will be made. The quality of the water will be compared with CPCB water quality criteria. The void area will be cordoned off with parapet wall as per the specifications with suitable cautions will be placed before the water body to warn the public. The skilled and experienced workers of this project will be deployed in the neighboring mines of SCCL. The private lands required for the project will be acquired as per state government norms. The monitoring of the mine closure plan is an essential requirement for review of the efficacy of the mine closure plan and to take corrective actions. The monitoring consists of measuring the Air quality, Water Quality, preservation of landscape, aesthetic and other land use values as described in the mine closure Plan. The mine closure plan showing end land use details of the JVR OC-I&II project showing the ground profile plan and the corresponding section showing the at mine closure stage are shown in Fig. 4.15 which are placed at the end of the report. The following various works that are proposed to be taken up under the mine closure plan includes- (i) Re-vegetation All areas affected by mining activities will be re-vegetated to control erosion and restore the site’s natural condition. It is proposed to re-vegetate 1288.86 ha, which includes quarry area, Safe barrier and drainage along dump yard and quarry. Stage wise progressive plantation details are shown in the Table Nos. 4.21 and 4.21 A.
Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 4-51
E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
Table No. 4.21- Stage Wise Progressive Plantation Details Cumulative areas in ‘ha’ Other Area Back External Total Year/Stage Safety zone Infra structure/ filling Dump Total Plantation /others Road Up To 2017-18 8.9 43.26 26.07 11.37 37.44 89.6 Y-1 18-19 8.9 25.75 31.85 11.37 43.22 77.87 Y-2 19-20 10.18 25.75 34.51 17.02 51.53 87.46 Y-3 20-21 10.18 42.07 34.51 17.02 51.53 103.78 Y-4 21-22 10.18 42.07 34.51 17.02 51.53 103.78 Y-5 22-23 10.18 98.93 38.41 17.02 55.43 164.54 Y-10 23-28 133.84 255.87 39.55 17.02 56.57 446.28 Y-15 28-33 133.84 397.81 44.11 17.02 61.13 592.78 Y-20 34-38 271.07 397.81 44.11 17.02 61.13 730.01 Y-25 38-43 381.28 397.81 44.11 17.02 61.13 840.22 Y-28 (Final) 45-46 381.28 397.81 67.16 17.02 84.18 863.27 Y-31 (Post 46-49 531.75 507.05 162.29 87.37 250.06 1288.86 Closure)
4.21 A Year Wise, Stage Wise Plantation Details Cumulative areas in ‘ha’ Plantation Balance Plantation Year/Stage (Progressive) after surrendering FL Up To 2017-18 89.6 89.6 Y-1 2018-19 77.9 77.9 Y-2 2019-20 87.46 87.46 Y-3 2020-21 103.78 103.78 Y-4 2021-22 103.78 103.78 Y-5 2022-23 164.54 164.54 Y-10 2023-28 446.28 126.88 Y-15 2028-33 592.78 273.38 Y-20 2034-38 730.01 410.61 Y-25 2038-43 840.22 520.82 Y-28 (Final) 2045-46 863.27 543.87 Y-31 (Post 2046-49 1288.86 535.70 closure) Note: Total forest land of 1156.72 ha will be surrendered at the mine closure stage including plantation area. Hence remaining plantation will be 535.70 ha.
Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 4-52
E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
Native species with economic value shall be planted on the reclaimed area after topsoil carpeting, which also helps in controlling soil erosion caused by rain and wind. Extensive Plantation will be taken up over the external dump area, back filled area, along the haul roads, approach roads and along the quarry boundary. Grass and bushes will be planted in areas prone to erosion. Other areas will be fertilized and planted with local species. Before re-vegetation, the land will be properly prepared by spreading the top soil which is rich in organic matter which has been stored during original site development. Vegetation shall be self-sufficient after planting and require no fertilization or maintenance. (ii) Buildings and Surface Infrastructure
The Administrative Buildings, Service Buildings and Workshops will be utilized for future nearby projects. In case these are not required, these will be reclaimed. Walls will be razed to the ground and the area will be covered with a sufficiently thick layer of growth media to permit the establishment of self-sufficient vegetation. The debris from the razed buildings ling will be removed from the site and stored in an authorized waste disposal site. Innocuous wastes such as concrete will be disposed in an authorized waste disposal site created at the site. (b) Support & Transport Infrastructures All buried support infrastructures (tanks, pipes, underground services, etc.) will be removed but may, depending on the future use of the mining site (residential, industrial, recreational, tourism, forest operations, etc.) remain. All remaining openings and support infrastructure accessories will be sealed off. A plan showing the location of these support infrastructures and the mode of dismantling and reclaiming the same will be documented and will be submitted to the District Planning Authorities for future reference and usage after completion of the above activities at the end of mining activities. The main mining site and secondary access roads will be kept maintained to allow access for monitoring till such time any other authorities wish to maintain and legally accept responsibility for the access roads. When the roads are no longer necessary the site will be restored as follows: Bridges, culverts and pipes will be removed, natural stream flows will be maintained and stream/river banks and ditches will be stabilized by planting vegetation. Road surfaces, shoulders, escarpments, steep slopes, regular and irregular benches, etc. will be rehabilitated to prevent erosion.
(c) Equipment and Electrical Infrastructure Equipment and electrical infrastructure (electrical cables, transformers, etc.) on-site belonging to the project will be dismantled. Off-site equipment will be dismantled, but may remain in place if there is a future potential use for it. Electrical equipment required to monitor and maintain installations may remain operational. (d) Surface Equipment and Heavy Machinery Mining equipment (hoists, pumps, conveyors, etc.), coal crushing equipment and heavy machinery will be decontaminated and (motor vehicles, drills, shovels, etc.) will be removed from the site. (iii) Open Pit Work The project has been designed considering the technical and economical feasibility for filling up the voids of the excavation. The mine closure plan giving the details about the schedule of external dumping, internal dumping final void to be left and reclamation is furnished. All access roads will be condemned and a fence or embankment meeting regulatory standards will be built.
Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 4-53
E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
(iv) Water Resource Management The Quarry area will be surrounded by garland drains with intermediate settling provision so that only clear water is discharged into the natural water body. The mine seepage water will be pumped out & discharged into settling tanks where the coal fines will be settled and only clear water will be discharged into the water body. The area where the mine dewatering ponds are established will be restored and leveled and the site re- vegetated, so as to establish the natural drainage of the area. Proper drainage arrangements will be made around external dump so that only cleaned water will be discharged into normal drainage system (v) Sanitary Installations After being emptied decommissioned septic tanks will be removed or completely filled with gravel, sand, earth or inert material. Wastewater treatment ponds (domestic waste) will be emptied and backfilled or provided drainage so as not to create stagnant water ponds. Sewage sludge from treatment ponds will be used as fertilizer, and if not suitable for use as fertilizer will be disposed in a sanitary landfill or other authorized site. (vi) Petroleum Products & Hazardous waste The rehabilitation of all petroleum products sites used for storage of fuels and lubricants and the measures taken to rehabilitate these sites will be made as per HW (M&H) Rules, 1989. All decommissioning of storage facilities and parts thereof including buried or surface tanks that have not been used and pipes will be dismantled and the site decontaminated. Hazardous waste most commonly associated with mining includes used oil, grease, and solvents, contaminated containers or materials, obsolete products and PCB-contaminated oils and equipment. All hazardous waste will be removed from the mining site after activities are permanently shut down. Used oil will be sent to a waste transfer center or an authorized recycling/re- use site. Other hazardous waste will be properly disposed, preferably by sending to an authorized site for disposal, treatment, recycling or re-use. (vii) Socio-Economic Changes on Closure of Mines The skilled and experienced workers of this project will be deployed in the neighboring mines of SCCL. The forest land involved in the project will be handed over to the forest department after proper rehabilitation of the land. (viii) Monitoring The monitoring of the mine closure plan is an essential requirement for review of the efficacy of the mine closure plan and to take corrective actions. The monitoring consists of measuring the Air quality, Water Quality, preservation of landscape, aesthetic and other land use values as prescribed in the mine closure Plan. Submission of detailed Mine closure plan The detailed mine de-commissioning plan will be made on the above-mentioned principles, 5 years before the actual closure which will be submitted for approval. This plan will also provide the fund provision for the mine closure plan. 4.24.3 Green belt development Green belt has been recommended as one of the major component of EMP, which will improve ecology, environment and quality of the surroundings of site through: · Mitigation of fugitive emissions · Attenuation of noise levels · Waste water reuse · Development of ecosystem · Creation of an aesthetic environment Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 4-54
E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
· Use of waste land to improve environmental quality Factors determining choice of species While considering the above aspects due care is necessary for selecting the suitable characteristics of plant species .For selection of species there are three important factors, they are soil, temperature and rainfall. Plantation should be multipurpose which plays an important role for greening, pollution attenuation and for satisfying local demands. For selection of plant species for greenbelt development following criteria are to be followed: · Adaptability to local soil and climate. The trees should be able to grow and thrive on sandy-saline soil of the area, evergreen type having minimum of leaf fall. · The trees must be tolerant to all the pollutants present in the area. · The tree must be tall in peripheral curtain plantation and with large and spreading canopy in the primary and secondary attenuation zones. · The trees should have extensive foliage area to provide maximum impinging surface for continued efficient adsorption of pollutants. · Availability in the neighborhood nurseries. · Minimum maintenance to the growth. · Trees should be fast growing, perennially green and preferably of native origin. The various native species being planted in mine lease area are given below.
OB Plantations: · Miscellaneous species raised in poly bags / root trainers will be planted at an espacement of 2mx2m ie. at the rate of 2500 Nos., of plants per Ha. The following species will be used in raising of OB plantations: Species: Terminelia bellarica, Mitragyna parvifolia, Dlbergia latifollia, Hardwickia binnata, Azardirachta indica, , Ficus racemosa, Madhuca longifolia, Pongamia pinnata, Bombax ceiba, Annona squamosa, Ficus bengalensis, Emblica officinalis, Bauhinia purpurea, Dendrocalamus strictus, Adina cordifolia, Pterocapus marsupium, Syzygium cumini, Tamarindus indica, Aegle marmelos, Ficus religiosa, Ficus mollis, Dalbergia sissoo, Albizzia lebbek, Albiizzia procera, Sterculia urens, Terminelia tomentosa, Pithecellabium dulce. · Contour planting with soil binders like Agave suckers, Henna cuttings, Vettiveria slips, Saccharum munja, etc., will be taken up @ 2000 per Ha. · Seed sowing maximum up to 50 kg / Ha will be done. Preference will be given for legume seed like Stylosanthus hamata, Babul, Glyrecidia, Sesbania, Redgram, sun hemp, etc., which have the advantage of not only good regeneration capacity but also enriching the soil through rhizobial activity. · Shaping of final decks, Garland drains, deck drains, settling ponds will be made based on dump area. · Vermi-compost application is preferred over chemical fertilizers whenever required. · No weeding operation will be proposed on OB dumps except for unwanted plants like Acacia holocerecea and Accacia auriculiformis, etc., which compete with the growing planted seedlings. · No soil working will be carried on OB dumps. Block Plantations: · On vacant lands, Eucalyptus clonal seedlings / Bamboo / fruit bearing / miscellaneous species which are raised in poly bags / root trainers will be planted at suitable espacement (2X2 or 3X2 or 3X3 or 5X5) specific to the plant species and site. The plant species used are: Species: Terminelia bellarica, Mitragyna parvifolia, Dlbergia latifollia, Hardwickia binnata, Azardirachta indica, , Ficus racemosa, Madhuca longifolia, Bombax ceiba, Ficus bengalensis, Emblica officinalis, Dendrocalamus strictus, Adina cordifolia,
Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 4-55
E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
Pterocapus marsupium, Aegle marmelos, Ficus religiosa, Ficus mollis, Albizzia lebbek, Albiizzia procera, Sterculia urens, Terminelia tomentosa,. · Live hedges by sowing of seeds like Babul (Acacia nilotica) and planting of Agave suckers will be developed all along the CCPT bunds. · Staggered Contour Trenches (SCT of dimensions 1 m x 1 m per every Rmt) and Continuous Cattle Proof Trenches (CCPT of dimensions 2 m x 2 m per every Rmt) will be taken up wherever necessary. Percolation tanks and RFD works also will be taken up as per site requirement. · Clearance of miscellaneous growth and uprootal of stumps, tilling of the area will be done with backhoe/shovel well before rainy season as advance operation. · Ploughing and interploughing will be taken up across the slope under optimum soil moisture conditions with tractor of 45 HP or above capacity using FMB or disc. · Calendar of operations will be strictly followed for taking up these works, as these plantations are taken up in rain-fed conditions. · Wherever Mahaveera (Hyptis sauveolensis)/Prosopis juliflora, Acacia holoceracea, etc., incidence is high. Uprooting of the same will be taken by taking special approval from competent authority of SCCL. · Protection of the plantation will be ensured by taking all the necessary precautions. Avenue Plantation: · Avenue plantation along the roads will be taken up in single row or multiple rows on either side of the road at 5M /10M apart by providing thorny or any other suitable fence. · Suitable ornamental / miscellaneous plant species raised in poly bags / gunny bags with a height > 1.5 m and above ( depending on the species, i.e., the height can be varied in ornamental species like Bouganvillia sps, Nycatanthes arbor-tristis, Tabernaemontana sps etc.) and which are of minimum 18 months age will be used for avenue plantation. The existence of electrical lines (short stature plants like Bouganvillia sps, Nycatanthes arbor-tristis, Tabernaemontana sps Nerium sps etc.,) and future expansion of the roads will be considered before taking up avenue plantation. · The tall plants of different plant species will be planted as Avenue plants which are of two years old. viz., Azardirachta indica, Alstonea scholaris, Delonix regia, Peltophorum ferrugenium, Ficus racemosa, Pongamia pinnata, Ficus bengalensis, Bauhinia purpurea, Tamarindus indica, religiosa, Dalbergia sissoo, Albizzia lebbek, Anthacephalm cadamba, Millintonia harrtensis, Spathodea compounlata, Courvpita guinensis etc. 4.25 Measures for minimizing the Socio-Economic Impacts Normally in mining areas, positive changes have been visualised in the traditional way of life and occupation of the local people. The local people are rather benefited due to the provision of more infrastructural facilities provided by the management. Avenues for employment facilities in the mine as well as the plant and in the ancillary activities have been thrown on rural population. In the future rural development programmes, care will be taken to ensure, to the extent possible, that the traditional life style of the people is not disturbed. Additional facility for drinking water, infrastructures, health, education, recreation and employment will be provided. SCCL has always been proactive in taking care of the welfare of its employees and also the surrounding habitats. The Corporate social responsibility schemes can be differentiated into three groups- Ø Employee welfare Ø Community welfare
Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 4-56
E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
Employee Welfare: SCCL employees are provided with well built town ships with all the basic needs like, protected water supply, sewerage system, blacktop roads, schools, recreation clubs, super specialty medical services etc. The present level of housing satisfaction is around 65%. The Management also provides world class infrastructure facilities at the work spot. Community Welfare: SCCL has taken up the following activities in the coal mining areas as a part of its Corporate Social Responsibility. Ø Supply of protected water supply benefiting for people in the near by villages Ø Roads were developed in the neighboring Villages and Towns Ø Emergency life saving treatments in the nearby Villages Ø Support to physically and Mentally Challenged children in the coal belt areas Ø Development of physical infrastructure in the Villages and providing education to the tribal girl children Ø Training programme for the local people in self-employment trades like book binding, photography, tailoring computer hardware, DTP, electrician etc., for creating their own livelihood. Expenditure incurred for CSR in buffer Zone area of JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion) is given Table Nos 4.22 and 4.23.
Table 4.22 CSR and SHAPE Expenditure Sathupalli Area SHAPE Expenditure (Rs. Lakhs) Sl.No. 2004-05 2005-06 2008-09 2011-12 Total 1 Roads and infrastructure 21.00 55.04 39.70 108.00 223.74 2 Drains and Sanitation 3.00 27.32 47.30 18.00 95.62 3 Education 0.00 15.00 0.00 8.50 23.50 4 Drinking Water Supply 8.50 5.00 0.00 0.00 13.50 5 Others 30.50 36.00 6.48 5.00 77.98 Total 63.00 138.36 93.48 139.50 434.34
CSR Expenditure (Rs. Lakhs)
2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 Total 1 Roads and infrastructure 167.35 132.04 67.50 9.60 376.49 2 Drains and Sanitation 4.25 8.00 7.50 0.00 19.75 3 Education 0.00 6.50 0.00 51.60 58.10 4 Drinking Water Supply 4.53 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.53 5 Others 0.00 0.00 0.00 17.40 17.40 Total 176.13 146.54 75.00 78.60 476.27
Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 4-57
E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
Table 4.23 CSR and SHAPE Expenditure Sathupalli Area (during last five years) Estimated 30% 2nd 3rd 4th 5th Total Sl. Cost Advance(1st Description Requisitioned by installment installment installment installment No (in Rs. innstallment) (in Rs. Ps) (in Rs. Ps) (in Rs. Ps) (in Rs. Ps) (in Rs. Ps) Lakhs) (in Rs. Ps) 1 Development works in Coal Belt Areas - Sri Thummala Nageswara Rao, 200.00 60,00,000.00 46,31,817.00 23,64,635.00 13,59,476.00 26,73,336.00 170,29,264.00 for 30 works proposed by Hon’ble Minister for R & B Commissioner, Nagar Panchyat, Sathupalli and 12 works proposed by MPDO, Sathupalli Mandal - Sanctioned under CSR Budget 2015-16 2 CSR 2016-17 - Khammam Dist - Sri Venkata Veeraiah, 50.00 15,00,000.00 30,46,176.00 ------45,46,176.00 Development works in Coal Belt Area of Hon'ble MLA - Sathupalli. Sathupally Area - Sanction of (10) works in Nagara Panchyat Sathupally with an estimated Cost of Rs. 50.00 Lakhs 3 CSR Funds 2016-17 – CC roads in Sri Thummala Nageswara Rao, 85.00 25,50,000.00 ------25,50,000.00 Sathupally Nagara Panchayat in Hon’ble Minister for R & B Khammam Dist. 4 CSR Funds 2016-17 – Laying of CC Sri Thummala Nageswara Rao, 85.00 25,50,000.00 ------25,50,000.00 roads at Kistaram of GP Kistaram & Hon’ble Minister for R & B Rejerla of GP Rejerla in Sathupally Mandal of Khammam Dist. 5 CSR Funds 2016-17 – CC roads at Sri Thummala Nageswara Rao, 30.00 9,00,000.00 ------9,00,000.00 Rajeev Nagar of GP Siddaram & Hon’ble Minister for R & B Kothuru of GP Rejerla in Sathupally Mandal of Khammam Dist. 6 CSR Funds 2017-18 – Roads and Sri Thummala Nageswara Rao, 200.00 ------0.00 Drains works pertaining to Sathupalli, Hon’ble Minister for R & B Kistaram and Rajerla of Khammam Dist. 7 CSR Funds 2017-18 – Development Sri Venkata Veeraiah, 50.00 ------0.00 works such as Roads and Drains in Hon'ble MLA - Sathupalli. Villages of Sathupalli, Constituency 8 CSR Budget 2018-19 – Development Sri Ponguleti Srinivasa Reddy, works in the Khammam Parliamentary Hon’ble MP, Khammam Constituency Parliamentary Constituency - Khammam Dist. (32 works) Total 700.00 135,00,000.00 76,77,993.00 23,64,635.00 13,59,476.00 26,73,336.00 275,75,440.00
Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 4-58
E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
4.26 Impact due to Coal Washery
4.26.1 Impacts and mitigation measures during construction phase This includes the activities related to leveling of site, construction of structures in the proposed project and installation of equipments. 4.26.1.1 Impact on land use & Topography Construction of plant and buildings will bring about permanent changes in the topography and aesthetics of the area. However this change will limited to the plant area only. The proposed project site is undulating. To improve the environment, greenbelt will be developed all around the periphery of the plant area and also within the plant. The plantation will be developed in the about 4.30 ha land, inside compound wall up to 10 m width, which will not only improve aesthetic aspects but will also compensate the vegetation loss, which may take place during the construction period. Outside the compound wall, around 50 m. width plantation will be developed by SCCL with assistance from washery Operator. 4.26.1.2 Impact on soil The construction activities will result in loss of top soil to some extent in the plant area and waste disposal area. The topsoil requires proposer handling like separate stacking so that it can be used for green belt development. No significant adverse impact on soil in the surrounding area is anticipated, only temporary impact will be observed due to the construction activities. Mitigation Measures The following measures will be adopted: · After completion of the construction phase, the surplus earth shall be utilized to fill up the low-lying area, the rubble will be cleared and all land built surface will be reinstated. · The top soil from the excavated areas will be re-used for the plantation. · Green belt development and related activities will be taken up so the plantation grows to adequate height by the time of plant commissioning. Thus, green belt will be effective in containing the soil stabilization. · Entire plant area will be aesthetically landscaped and as much as feasible natural gradient will be maintained; 4.26.1.3 Impact on Air quality During construction phase, dust will be the main pollutant, which will be generated from the site development activities and vehicular movement on the road. Further, concentration of NOx and CO may also slightly increase due to increased vehicular traffic. However, change in concentration of ambient air quality will be insignificant. As most of the construction equipment will be localized in nature and the areas outside the boundary are not likely to have any significant adverse impact. The activities of coal washery which can contribute to air pollution are shown in the following flow diagram in order to plan suitable mitigation measures.
Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 4-59
E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
Air pollution Mitigation Measures During dry weather condition, it is necessary to control the dust generated by excavation and transportation activities. This will be achieved by regular water sprinkling. Ambient air levels of SO2 and NOx are expected to increase due to operation of construction machinery such as bulldozers, pay loaders, trucks etc. These levels are expected to be insignificant as these machines will be operated intermittently. Hence, there will not be any concentration of emission at any single point. It will be ensured that construction vehicles are properly maintained to minimize smoke in the exhaust emissions. · Also, the care will be taken to reduce fugitive dust emission from the road network. The internal roads shall be concerted / asphalted. · The work platforms in the coal storage, coal yard and in the rail, gantries shall be covered. · To prevent downstream area from the spread of fugitive dust pollution, the compound wall will have adequate height. · Vehicle movement in the coal washery area will be regulated effectively to avoid traffic congestion. · It will be ensured that heavy duty vehicles emission in coal washery will confirm the standard under motor vehicles rule 1989. · Sprinkling of water at regular intervals preferably using truck-mounted sprinklers along the roads and work zone area. · Attempts will be made to utilize the electrically powered machinery to the extent possible to minimize the emission of SO2 and NOx.
Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 4-60
E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
4.26.1.4 Impact on Water Resources and Quality The wastewater generation during the construction period will be from the sanitary units provided for the workers. Use of septic tanks and soakage pits will take care of sanitary wastewaters. Water Quality Mitigation Measures: The washery will be established with closed system and zero discharge. The complete process washing comprises of a closed wash water circuit so that no waste water will leave the plant during operation. During monsoon season, proper storm water management will be done deal with coal particles and dust in the yard. The storm drainage will be treated in settling ponds before discharging into near by tanks.. To take care of this problem, the entire coal washery will be provided with separate drains around the stockpiles and other process areas washery. Garland drains around the stockpiles and other process areas will collect and carry out the contaminated water to the settling pond provided. At settling ponds, sediments are filtered before discharging into garland drains provided around the quarry. The earth work (cutting and filling) will be avoided during rainy season and will be completed during winter and summer seasons. Stone pitching on the slopes and construction of concrete drains for storm water to minimize soil erosion in the area will be under taken. In-plant roads will be concreted. Soil binding and fast-growing vegetation will be grown within the plant premises to arrest the soil erosion. Hence, there will not be any impact on the water regime due to discharge of treated wastewater. Storm drainage: Settling ponds are planned for storage and recycling of surface water for use in the plant area 4.26.1.5 Impact on noise levels The major sources of noise during the construction phase are vehicular traffic, construction equipment like dozers, scrapers, concrete mixers, cranes, pumps, compressors, pneumatic tools, saws, vibrators etc. The operation of these equipment will generate noise ranging between 85-90 dB(A) near the source. These noise levels will be generated within the plant boundary and will be temporary in nature. Noise Level Mitigation Equipment will be maintained appropriately to keep the noise level within 85 dB(A). High noise producing construction activities will be restricted to day time only. Greenbelt will be developed from construction stage. Further, workers working in high noise areas will be provided with necessary protective devices e.g. ear plug, ear-muffs etc. 4.26.1.6 Impact on Ecology The proposed site is devoid of any major vegetation. A good green belt will be developed at the plant premises will result in the positive shit in the ecological status of the area. Mitigation measures Local and fast-growing plant species will be planted under greenbelt development programmed to enhance green cover in the area as per CPCB guidelines. 4.26.1.7 Demography and socio-economic: impacts & Mitigation The project activities will lead to influx of outside people which will change the demographic pattern of the area to some extent. The opportunity of getting employment as construction labourers, the local population would also have employment opportunities based on the educational qualification like petty commercial establishments, small contracts / sub-contracts and supply of construction materials for buildings and ancillary infrastructures etc. in addition to the direct employment indirect employment opportunities
Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 4-61
E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion) in sector such as catering, transportation, housing etc. will be generated. Consequently, this will contribute to economic upliftment of the area. 4.26.1.8 Impact & Mitigation due to Storage of Hazardous Material The hazardous materials used during construction may include petrol, diesel, welding gas and paints, which are potentially hazardous. To mitigate the impact following measures will be observed: · Hazardous material will be stored and handled carefully under applicable safety guidelines. · Dyked enclosures will be provided so as to contain complete contents of the largest tank; · Diesel and other fuels will be stored in separately dyke enclosures; · Tanks having sufficient diameter shall be separately by fire insulting walls from toe the storage tanks and · The distance between the storage tanks shall be at least half their height 4.26.2 Impacts and mitigation measures during operational phase For the purpose of impact assessment during the operational phase, the following components have been considered although some of these will be overlapping: · Land use · Topography and climate · Air quality · Water resources and quality · Noise levels · Traffic load · Demography and socio-economics 4.26.2.1 Impact on Land use & Topography
There will be no significant impact on land use and topography of the area during operation phase. The roads within the plant premises will be concreted / asphalted. Quantification of the reject waste will be done regularly which will help in proper management in respect of storage before it is sold to the authorized vendors. Coal dust nuisance to the neighboring agriculture fields and residential areas will be prevented with suitable measures/ by strengthening the greenbelt. 4.26.2.2 Air Environment The proposed washery will have dedicated railway siding and transportation will be done by rail after commencement of proposed railway line and CHP. The impacts on air quality from coal washery depend on various factors involved in transportation of coal from mines, coal handling equipment and processing of the coal in washery. The severity of impacts on air environment from coal washery is governed by terrain conditions around coal washery associated with several onsite facilities such as raw coal handling system (loading) and reject handling system.
The following air pollution control measures have been proposed in the washery. · To control the airborne dust, regular water sprinkling arrangements will be made on the internal as well as approach roads of the proposed coal washery. · Coal stock yards, for R.O.M. coal and finished products will have water sprinklers around them and sufficient water spraying will be done over these stocks to ensure dust suppression. · The height of these stocks will not be allowed to increase beyond 3 meters. · Unloading point will be provided with an array of nozzles discharging water into the receiving pit. There will be sufficient nozzles over each receiving pit for spraying water
Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 4-62
E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
uniformly over the entire surface. · All transfer points after crusher roll will be provided with high pressure nozzles, for proper dust suppression. · An independent water spraying system shall be established for coal handling and crushing facilities. Water spraying system involves surface water tanks, network of spray water pipeline and headers. Adequate moisture will be maintained in coal handling area to ensure that dust is not air borne. · Provision of Bag filters at coal crushers. · Vehicle movement in the coal washery area will be regulated effectively to avoid traffic congestion and workers shall be protected from dust. · All the belt conveyors will have enclosed circuit to avoid all dust particles from escaping into the surrounding atmosphere. · All the transfer points e.g. chutes will be lined with polymer or other such synthetic liner to reduce friction; reduce wear and tear and reduce dust formation, if so required. · Belt transfer points will have rubberized impact idlers to reduce dust formation and reduce wear and tear. · It will be ensured that emissions from the heavy duty vehicle operating in coal washery shall confirm to standards under Motor Vehicles Rules 1989. · Thick green belt will be provided around the washery to mitigate/check the dust pollution. Fugitive Emissions The impacts on air quality from coal washery depend on coal washery technology, its operation and maintenance as well as transportation of coal. The fugitive emissions of coal dust would be due to coal handling activities at storage yard, wind erosion, coal breakers, sieves spillages from conveyor system, loading operation etc. The fugitive emissions (mainly coal dust) would generally be less in quantity and it would be released relatively closer to ground level which would cause impacts in the immediate vicinity to very limited distance (about 1-2 km). The Scenario for transportation of raw and beneficiated coal is as follows. Total quantity of raw coal : 9000 Tons/day Stones : 300 Tons/day Net quantity of raw coal subjected to washing : 8700 Tons/day Total Quantity of beneficiated coal (finished product) : 5740 Tons/day Rejects : 2960 Tons/day
· It is planned to reduce transportation of coal by truck to minimum possible extent by using bet conveyer. · Dust suppression system and water sprinklers will be provided at storage and coal transfer point. Air Pollution Modeling After implementation of washery, there will be increase in traffic flow on road due to movement of trucks carrying beneficiated coal and rejects. The extent of these impacts, at any given time, will depend upon (i) the rate of vehicular emission within a given stretch of the road and (ii) the prevailing meteorological conditions. The impacts will have strong temporal dependence on diurnal, seasonal as well as long term components. The emissions from coal washery were also considered in the air quality impact prediction modeling of the proposed project in the estimation of total GLCs. Proposed Traffic The proposed additional traffic mainly includes tippers, which are used to transport washed coal. Hence, only heavy traffic is considered in assessing the impact of traffic. The proposed truck traffic due to proposed activity is considered in the assessing the impacts. Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 4-63
E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
To summarize the above, the impact due to the proposed washery will be insignificant. · The prediction results will be complying the prescribed air quality standard for industrial zone. After installation of belt conveyors, the GLCs will be insignificant. · The stack is not required in the wet washing of coal hence impact due to conventional air pollutants, SO2 and NOx, is not envisaged. · Wet process of coal beneficiation has been adopted at washery hence the generation /dispersion of particulates from the washery is not envisaged. 4.26.2.3 Noise Environment The noise level will be due to movement of machinery and transfer points. The noise levels due to the sources such as crushers, DG set and other operation points will be higher. The noise levels at the source for these units will be in the range of 65-100 dB(A), which will get attenuated with increase in distance from its sources. The equipment with significant continuous noise levels are transportation vehicles, conveyer belt for raw coal, screening units, crushing units, sieves, washing units etc. However, impacts on the working personnel are not expected to be significant on account of the high level of automation of these plant equipment, which means that workers will be exposed for short duration only that too intermittently. The following noise control measures will be adopted in the coal washery: · At the coal transfer points, the following provisions will be made:- a) Primary impact zone will be covered by rubber sheet of 70 mm thick and secondary impact zone will be covered by 40 mm thick rubber sheet. b) Sides of the chutes at transfer point will be covered by 25 mm thick polymer sheet. · All moving parts, such as conveyors rollers, drums, gears will be kept in good working conditions. Chutes and hoppers will be provided with rubber/polymer liners. · Providing noise proof cabins to operators where remote control for operating noise generating equipment is feasible. · All the design/installation precaution as specified by the manufactures with respect to noise control will be strictly adhered to. · High noise generating sources will be insulated adequately by providing suitable enclosures. · Use of lagging with attenuation properties on plant components/ installation of sound attenuation panels around the equipment. · The total wet process plant will be enclosed in a 4-deck technological building which will be covered by GI sheeting to dampen sound. · All equipment will be mounted on their bedplates / foundation in a manner to eliminate vibration and noise. · Regular maintenance with prompt replacement of worn-out parts/liners etc.The noise control system will be designed to form an integral part of the plant; · Other than the regular maintenance of the various equipment, personnel protective equipment like ear plugs will be provided to the personnel working close to the noise generating units; · High raised wall will be constructed around the washery. 4.26.2.4 Water Environment The wastewater arising from the plant will be re-utilized for the plant purposes. No effluent discharge is envisaged due to recycling into the plant operation. Hence there will no impact on the water regime due to the effluents from the plant premises. The waste water generated from the domestic use is treated in septic tank followed by soak pit. Thus, there is no adverse impact on surface and ground water quality.
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E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
Coal Yard Drainage Rain water in the plant area will gravitate into the internal drains provided in the plant and will accumulate in the settling tanks constructed for this purpose. Similarly water used for dust suppression will also be taken into this settling tank by the internal drains. The entire water will be allowed to settle for at least 12 hours and then it will be taken into the main reservoir for recirculation. The water reservoir will have adequate capacity to cater to the water requirement of at least one shift. There will be two such chambers interconnected at the bottom so that when needed, one chamber can be cleaned while the other is operational. Fresh water will be obtained from the mine and will be pumped into the clear water reservoir. This water will be used for general use, spraying and also as makeup water for the wet process unit. Pumps suitable for developing adequate pressure will be provided to pump water in the spraying range. There will be minimum of two pumps for this purpose of which one will be kept running during the operation of the plant. Wastewater Management for Zero Discharge Effluent The process of the proposed washery is based on the closed water circuit system. All the water fed into the system will be collected after use and re-circulated after treatment in various units and no effluent will be allowed to escape into the natural drainage system. Moreover, washery circuit envisages dewatering system like belt filter press for efficient recovery of solids from the slurry. The filtrate water from belt filter press will be recycled back to the system to ensure closed water system. The solid thus obtained will be mixed with rejects. In case emergency, slurry may be fed to slime ponds for settling & natural drying and subsequent reclamation of the dried fines. The overflow water of slime ponds will be pumped back for reuse in the process. No effluent discharge is envisaged due to recycling into the plant operation. Hence there will no impact on the water regime due to the effluents from the plant premises. Garland drains will be provided along the washery boundary for drainage of surface run- off within the washery, which will collect and carry the run off to settling pond. Overflow water from the settling pond will be utilized for plant operation and for maintenance of green belt development around the plant etc. For ground water augmentation, rain water harvesting pits will be constructed in the washery premises. The waste water generated from the domestic use is treated in septic tank followed by soak pit. Thus, there is no adverse impact on surface and ground water quality. 4.26.2.5 Solid waste management SCCL supplies raw coal of 47% weighted average ash percentage for washing of coal (Ash percentage ranging from 40% to 52%, Standard moisture 5%, Total moisture 11%).The characteristics of raw coal, washed coal and rejects are as follows:
Clean Coal quality % of Total Practical Theoretical Total Standard yield @ rejects Raw Coal Quality Ash GCV yield @ Moist. Moist. Grade 97% % Kcal/kg 100% (i.e. % % efficiency Shale & efficiency Slurry) Weighted ≤ 11.00 6.10 28 4977 G8 41 39.77 60.23 Average Ash: 47% (Range:40% to ≤ 11.00 6.03 29 4893 G9 44.5 43.17 56.84 52%) ≤ 11.00 5.96 30 4810 G9 49 47.53 52.47
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E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
Standard Moisture: ≤ 11.00 5.88 31 4726 G9 53 51.41 48.59 5% ≤ 11.00 5.80 32 4644 G9 57 55.29 44.71 (Range 4.50 to 6%) ≤ 11.00 5.73 33 4560 G10 61 59.17 40.83 Total moisture: 11% (Range 8 to 12 %) ≤ 11.00 5.65 34 4478 G10 64 62.08 37.92 ≤ 11.00 5.57 35 4400 G10 67 64.99 35.01 Size 0 to 250mm Note: • For every 1% increase/decrease of avg. ash of raw coal on specified avg. ash of 47%, yield will be decreased/increased by 2.10% to the corresponding yields given in table as computed on the monthly basis. • The basis for the above yields is washebility study conducted by SCCL associated with M/s. CMPDIL & M/s. CIMFR, in its previous washability studies for the coals of MNG, SRP&BPA areas • As per CMPDI & CIMFR reports, avg. organic efficiencies of the plants are to be considered at 97% Hence, Practical yield of clean coal is calculated by considering Organic efficiency @97% The coal will be separated into two products – clean and inferior coal and both will be transported through Weigh Bridge to the yard designated by SCCL within a distance of around 1 Km. Details of Management- Disposal / Usage of wastes and Coal Rejects : Handpicked stone: • Stone from raw coal is picked on slow moving belt. • This handpicked stone is delivered day wise by the washery operator to the stone yard designated by SCCL with in 1km. • This handpicked stone will be used for toe walls, rock filled dams etc and remaining quantities accommodated in OB dump yards. Washed Coal : • After Washing generated products are 1. Washed Coal 2. Rejects. • Washed coal will be separated into two products - clean coal (55.89%) and slurry cake (10%). • Slurry cake: Slurry cake from the cleaning ponds will be separated and caked at coal washery and transported to the yard designated by the SCCL. Rejects: Rejects are delivered day wise by the washery operator to the yard designated by SCCL with in 1km. Washed coal is transported to deignated clean coal yard by trucks or by belt conveyor to CHP. Rejects to an extent of 34.11% will either be sold out to users or will be accommodated in the OB dumps. SCCl and TSGENCO have entered MoU for utilization of washed coal. Efforts will also be made to have linkage arrangements with FBC based thermal power plants for disposal of middling and rejects of coal washery proposed to be established in Jalagam Vengala Rao Opencast (I&II Expansion) Project. 4.26.2.6 Green Belt Development Proposed coal washery will be within the mine lease area surrounded with thick plantation all around. In addition a thick green belt will be developed around the washery to mitigate the dust pollution. Avenue plantation will also be developed in vacant areas, along internal/main roads etc. surrounding the washery. Total green belt will be of about 10 m width covering 4.3 ha area around the washery. The Green Belt with various suitable species will be developed all along the plant inside the boundary wall. A staggered row of suitable plants will be planted all along the boundary wall to provide a solid screen of foliage to prevent any dispersal of dust outside Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 4-66
E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion) the plant boundary, as also reduce the level of noise. The species planted will be – Jamun, Casurina, Asan, Aonla, Agasti, Siris, Somuruba, Butea Monosperma, Gulmohar, Azadirachta Indica (Neem), Ficus Religiosa (Pipal), Merium Indicum (Kamar) etc. In order to attenuate the pollutants a greenbelt along the periphery of washery area will be developed with 50 m width. Trees will be planted in consultation with the local Forest Department. The general guidelines for development of greenbelt are: · Trees growing up to 10 m or more should be planted around the installations. · Planting of trees will be undertaken in rows around the installation to prevent horizontal dispersion of pollutants. · Trees should also be planted along roadsides, to arrest auto exhaust and noise pollution. · As tree trunks are normally devoid of foliage up to 3 m height, it would be appropriate to plant shrubs. · Lawns for effective trapping and absorption of air pollutants. · Fast growing tress with thick perennial foliage will be grown. · For adsorption of dust the following types of plants have been considered. - Fast growing - Thick canopy cover - Longer duration of foliage - Adequate height and spread of crown - Big leaves (long and board laminar surfaces) supported by firm petioles. - Large number of stomata apertures. (Large leaf area index) - Perennial and evergreen The choice of plants includes shrubs of height 1 to 2 m and trees of 3 to 5 m heights. It is ensured that the foliage area density in vertical is almost uniform by intermixing the trees and shrubs. 4.26.2.7 Socio-economic Environment Following measures are suggested for minimizing the adverse impacts on socio- economic environment. · Project authorities will organize regular environmental awareness programmes. · Social welfare activities will be undertaken by the project authorities, in collaboration with local administration. · Locally available workforce would be given preference in the employment. · To minimize the strain on infrastructure existing facilities would be augmented. · Communication with the local community would be done on regular basis by the project authorities to conduct the operations in a sustainable manner.
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E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment/Environmental Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
CHAPTER - 5 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES (SITE & TECHNOLOGY)
5.1. ALTERNATE SITE LOCATIONS Coal mining is site specific in nature. Coal mining has to be carried out where the coal reserves are available. Hence consideration of alternative site is not possible.
5.2. ALTERNATIVE MINING METHOD The existing opencast mining method with shovel-dumper combination will be continued in this expansion of project also. Out of several methods of opencast mining, shovel-dumper combination was found most suitable method for this project.
5.3. TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS Different technology options available for opencast mining are as follows: · Continuous Mining Technology - Bucket Wheel Excavator (BWE) - Continuous Miner/Surface Miner · Discontinuous Mining Technology - Dragline Application - In pit-crushing & Conveying Technology - Shovel - Dumper Combination · High wall mining.
5.4. Continuous Mining Technology Based on the available data on hardness of coal and OB, most of the strata will need to be prepared by undertaking drilling and blasting before excavation. Continuous mining technology has therefore been ruled out. Steepness of seams is the constraint for adopting the surface miner technology. The feasibility of deploying Surface Miner was not feasible due to the following reasons: · Thin seams · Seams are not persistent throughout the area. · Hardness of the coal.. · Steepness of the seams Hence, conventional mining system (drilling, blasting and crushing) will be done with all the mitigating measures to reduce the generation of the dust. 5.5. Discontinuous Mining Technology Discontinuous mining technology includes Dragline Application, Inpit-Crusher & Conveyor Technology and Shovel Dumper technology. The mining method to be adopted in the proposed Project is as below: Several design constraints combine to restrict the choice of primary excavation equipment and coal winning technology. Shovel Dumber Combination technology is adopted in the proposed project owing to the prevailing geo-mining conditions like multiple thin seams, steepness of seams, small block geometry, and multiple faults. Besides, this technology has the following advantages. · Flexibility in deployment of shovels and dumpers for overburden removal according to the coal production requirements.
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E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment/Environmental Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
· Facilitates optimum utilization of equipment through planned deployment. · Permits uninterrupted operation of the mine in spite of capital overhaul / breakdown of some shovels or dumpers. · Grade control can be done effectively through selective mining. The Shovel-Dumper Combination is the most flexible method of Surface Mining and more suitable for the Block depending on the existing Geo Mining parameters. Hence the Shovel- Dumper Combination is opted for the project for Over Burden and coal. Parameters like small block geometry, presence of thin seams, steepness of seams, hardness of coal and OB, shorter life of project precluded from the application of dragline and In Pit - Crushing & Conveying system. 5.6. Coal Washery Technology Coal beneficiation is a process of segregating good quality coal from inferior coal/rejects. It is mainly done by using physical property of coal. Poor quality coal is heavier than the good quality coal. However, depending upon raw coal quality and consumer specifications for clean coal, different washing technologies can be used. The washing technique proposed is proven internationally accepted ‘state of the art technology’ of continuous operation and with zero effluent discharge system on Build Operate Own (BOO) basis. Under the ‘BOO’ scheme, the washery will be planned, designed, constructed, installed, commissioned (including procurement, manufacturing, fabrication & erection of P&M equipment & civil works and all associated works etc) operated & maintained by BOO operator at their own cost adhering to the statutory and regulatory norms applicable. The BOO operator is responsible to select the technology in order to produce the clean coal with the qualitative & quantitative requirements laid down by the SCCL. Various types of working technologies available in India with their limitations and applicability is furnished hereunder. 1. Barrel Washer: - 6 mm fines are to be separated before washing as Barrel Washer can wash 6 mm to 50 mm efficiently and -6 mm cannot be washed. 2. Drum Washer: - Same as barrel washer and it is also uses magnetite separation. 3. Heavy media bath: - Magnetite is to be added to create and maintainer suitable density of the media for separation. 4. Heavy media cyclones: - Same as above and the life of cyclones is only 2 to 2.5 years and require replacement. 5. Batac Jig:- It is very suitable as it can wash raw coal from 0.50 mm to 50 mm. It does not require magnetite to maintain density of media for separation its organic efficiency is around 98% and migration of clean coal into rejects is negligible. Selection of washing technology has been done by the operator based on the test results furnished by SCCL, qualitative requirement of clean coal and limitations of the various technologies mentioned as above. After a study of the performance of all washing equipment the operator considered Batac Jig & Drum washer for each circuit having 2.0 Mtpa capacities. Total plant capacity is 4.0 Mtpa. Batac Jig & Drum washer technology is opted as Batac Jig technology is suitable to wash raw coal from 0.50 mm to 50 mm and Drum washer (Suitable for + 6mm to 50mm) will be used to wash raw coal of 0.25 mm to 50 mm. The firm is required to undertake coal washing of approx. 4.0 MTPA of high ash non coking coal. SCCL will supply raw coal and the BOO Operator will operate and maintain the washery. * * * *
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E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment/Environmental Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
CHAPTER - 6 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME
6.1 SCOPE OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME Environmental monitoring programme involves: · Planning a survey and sampling program for systematic collection of data / information relevant to environmental assessment and project environmental management; · Conducting survey and sampling program; · Analysis of samples and data / information collected, and interpretation of data and information; and · Preparation of reports to support environmental management. · Environmental monitoring will be carried out throughout project operation to detect changes in the key environmental quality parameters, which would attribute to the project. The results of the monitoring program will be used to evaluate the following: · Extent and severity of the environmental impacts against the predicted impacts; · Performance of the environmental protection measures or compliance with pertinent rules and regulations; · Trends in impacts and · Overall effectiveness of the project EMP. Environmental monitoring will have clear objectives and the survey and sampling program custom-designed to focus on data / information actually required to meet the objectives. The monitoring program will include action or emergency plans so that appropriate action could be taken in the event of adverse monitoring results or trends. Environmental monitoring will also be constantly reviewed to ensure its effectiveness. Environmental monitoring programme has been prepared for the proposed Expansion Project to assess the efficacy of implementation of Environment Management Plan and to take corrective measures in case of any degradation in the surrounding environment. Different activities involved in the proposed opencast coal mining project, and their impact on various environmental attributes have been taken in to account while designing a detailed environmental monitoring programme for the project. The following activities have been identified in the JVR OC Mine (I & II Expansion), which will have significant environmental impacts: · During operational phase, drilling, blasting operations for excavation of overburden will result in dust, noise and blast vibrations. Transportation of coal and OB, dumping of overburden outside the quarry area, coal handling arrangements at the surface are the other major activities contributing to air pollution, noise pollution and land degradation. · Pumping of mine seepage water during the course of mining operations may have impact on surrounding ground water regime. · Waste water generated from workshops due to vehicle washing and maintenance of HEMM contains oil & grease, silt. · Surface mining operations will involve formation of external OB dumps and void area at the end of mining operations which will change the landscape of the area. Keeping the above environmental impacts in view, an environmental management plan has been prepared for the project incorporating various mitigation measures for prevention / control of pollution. The monitoring methodology for studying the effectiveness of implementation of mitigation measures has been described hereunder.
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E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment/Environmental Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
6.2 METHODOLOGY OF MONITORING MECHANISM: Implementation of EMP and periodic monitoring will be carried out at (a) Project level and (b) Area level for JVR OC-I&II Expansion Project allied activities like coal handling facilities, workshop, mining colony, etc. and Coal washery. A comprehensive monitoring mechanism has been devised for monitoring of impacts due to expansion opencast project. Project level environmental protection measures like dust suppression, treatment and recycling of waste water, control of noise and blast vibrations, maintenance of HEMM, house keeping in the mine premises, plantation, implementation of EMP and Environmental Clearance conditions will be monitored by the project authorities. On the other hand, implementation of area level protection measures like plantation and green belt development over the vacant areas, colony effluent treatment, environmental quality monitoring etc., will be done by different disciplines of the company like Civil, Forestry and Environment Departments etc. Co-ordination between various disciplines and periodic monitoring of various Environment protection measures will be done by a senior executive who reports directly to the Area General Manager. He will be assisted by an environmental officer who is well versed with various aspects of pollution prevention and control in mining areas. An environment management committee will be constituted at the project level consists of following members to monitor the implementation of EMP and other environmental protection measures. (i) Project Officer (ii) Mine Manager (iii) Safety officer (iv) Project Survey Officer (v) Environmental Officer (vi) Area Forestry Officer (vii) Civil Engineer (viii) Hydro-geologist. In addition to the above, Corporate Environment department will periodically inspect the project for monitoring the implementation of EMP including land reclamation and environmental status of the project surroundings and give necessary guidelines to the project authorities in case of any deviation in the compliance of clearance conditions.
6.3 POST PROJECT MONITORING PLAN 6.3.1 Air Quality Monitoring Air quality monitoring is essential for evaluation of the effectiveness of abatement programmes and to develop appropriate control measures. SCCL will monitor ambient air quality in and around the proposed JVR OC-I & II Expansion Project as per the frequency stipulated by MoEF&CC and take appropriate air pollution control measures in order to ensure that the concentration of PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and NO2 are within the limits. A preliminary field survey will be conducted to collect information on sources of air pollution, topography, population distribution, meteorological conditions etc., for establishing a network of stations in core and buffer zone of the project for ambient air quality monitoring. Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) has stipulated environmental standards for coalmines vide GSR-742 (E), dt. 25.09.2000. These standards will be followed for core zone i.e. within the project boundary. Parameters: As per MoEF&CC guidelines, the concentration of Suspended Particulate Matter (PM10 and PM2.5), Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) and Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) will be monitored at a distance of 500 m from the dust generating sources. SCCL will also monitor
Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 6-2
E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment/Environmental Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion) ambient air quality in the nearby villages to assess the impact of mining operations on surrounding habitation. Frequency of Monitoring: Air quality monitoring will be carried out at a frequency of once in a fortnight (24 hourly sampling) at the identified locations near the dust generating sources. An amount of about Rs. 8,00,000/ annum will be spent for post project monitoring in the proposed expansion project. Methodology: Fine dust sampler with gaseous sampling attachment will be used for monitoring of air quality for parameters viz., Particulate Matter (PM10 and PM2.5), SO2 and NO2 with a sampling frequency of 24 hours duration. Sampling and analysis will be carried out as per IS-5182:1999 for measurement of air Pollution.
PM10 and PM2.5 will be analyzed gravimetrically, SO2 will be analyzed by Improved West and Gaeke method and NOx will be analyzed as per Jacob & Hochheiser Modified (Na-Aresnite) Method. Ambient Air Quality Standards: The air quality standards prescribed by MoEF&CC for coal mines vide Ministry of Environment and Forests Notification No. GSR 742(E), Dt: 25.09.2000 are furnished in the Table No. 6. 1. National Ambient Air Quality Standards vide G.S.R. 826 (E) dated 16th November 2009 was made in exercise of the powers conferred by section 6 and section 25 of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. These standards are applicable for monitoring locations monitored in the buffer zone. The National Ambient Air Quality Standards are furnished as Table No. 6.2. Table No. 6. 1: Coal Mines Standards vide GSR 742 (E), Dated 25.09.2000 Time weighted Concentration Method of Category Pollutant Average in Ambient Air Measurement 3 New SPM Annual Average* 360µg/m Respirable Particulate Coal (> 10µm in size) 24 hours** 500 µg/m3 Matter Sampler Mines RPM 3 Annual Average* 180µg/m (< 10µm in size) Respirable Particulate Matter Sampler 24 hours** 250µg/m3
Sulphur Dioxide 3 1. Improved West & Annual Average* 80µg/m (SO2) Gaeke Method 3 2. Ultraviolet 24 hours** 120µg/m Fluorescene Method Oxide of 3 1. Jacob & Hochheiser Annual Average* 80µg/m Nitrogen as NO2 Modified (Na-Aresnic) 3 2. Gas phase 24 hours** 120µg/m Chemilumine Scence Note: Annual Arithmetic mean for the measurements taken in a year has to be arrived out following the guidelines for frequency of sampling and annual arithmetic mean of 24 -hourly values shall be met 92% of the time in a year. However, 8% of the time it may exceed but not on two consecutive days. In case of any residential or commercial or industrial place falling within or beyond 500 m. of any dust generating sources, the National Ambient Air Quality Standards, EPA Notification: GSR 176 (E), April 02, 1996, are made applicable.
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E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment/Environmental Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
Table No. 6. 2: National Ambient Air Quality Standards vide GSR 826 (E), Dt.18.11.09 Concentration in Ambient Air Time Sl. Industrial, Ecologically Method of Pollutant weighted No. Residential, Sensitive Area measurement average Rural and (notified by Other Area Central Govt.) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) Sulphur Dioxide Annual * 50 20 - Improved West and Geake 1. 3 SO2, µg/m 24 hours ** 80 80 - Ultraviolet Fluorescence - Modified Jacob & Nitrogen Dioxide Annual * 40 30 2. 3 Hochheiser (Non Arsenite) NO , µg/m 2 24 hours ** 80 80 - Chemiluminescence - Gravimetric 3 Annual * 60 60 3. PM 10 µg/m - TOEM 24 hours ** 100 100 - Beta attenuation - Gravimetric 3 Annual * 40 40 4. PM 2.5 µg/m - TOEM 24 hours ** 60 60 - Beta attenuation - UV Photometric 3 8 hours ** 100 100 5. Ozone (O3) µg/m - Chemiluminescence 1 hour ** 180 180 - Chemical Method Annual * 0.5 0.5 - ASS / ICP method after 3 sampling on EPM 2000 or 6. Lead (Pb) µg/m 24 hours ** 1.0 1.0 equivalent filter paper - ED-XRF using Teflon filter Carbon Monoxide 8 hours ** 2 2 - Non dispersive Infra RED 7. (CO) 3 (NDIR) Spectroscopy mg/m 1 hour ** 4 4
Ammonia (NH3) Annual * 100 100 - Chemiluminescence 8. 3 µg/m 24 hours ** 400 400 - -Indophenol blue method - Gas chromatography based Benzene (C6H6) on continuous analyzer 9. 3 Annual * 5 5 µg/m - Adsorption and Desorption followed by GC analysis. Benzo (a) Pyrene (BaP) - Solvent extraction followed 10. Annual * 1 1 Particulate phase by HPLC / GC analysis only ng/m3 - AAS/ICP method after Arsenic (As) 11. 3 Annual * 6 6 sampling on EPM 2000 or ng/m equivalent filter paper - AAS/ICP method after 12. Nickel (Ni) ng/m3 Annual * 20 20 sampling on EPM 2000 or equivalent filter paper *Annual arithmetic mean of minimum 104 measurements in a year at a particular site taken twice a week 24 hourly at uniform intervals. ** 24 hourly or 8 hourly or 1 hourly monitoring values, as applicable, shall be complied with 98% of the times in a year. 2% of the time, they may exceed the limits but not on two consecutive days of monitoring. Note: Whenever and wherever monitoring results on two consecutive days of monitoring exceed the limits specified above for the respective category, it shall be considered adequate reason to institute regular or continuous monitoring and further investigation.
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E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment/Environmental Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
6.3.2 Water Quality Monitoring Water quality monitoring involves periodical assessment of quality of mine discharge water, treated workshop effluents, CHP effluent, treated colony effluents, ground water and surface water. The following parameters will be periodically monitored in effluents in a coal mining industry as per the Environmental Standards for coal mines, GSR-742 (E), dated 25.09.2000. Parameters: · pH · Total Suspended Solids · Total Dissolved Solids · Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) · Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) · Oil & Grease All the parameters as given in Part - A of General Standards for Discharge of Environmental Pollutants, GSR 801 (E) EPA 1986 prescribed by CPCB will be analyzed for all the effluents , in addition to the above parameters, once in a year for assessing the overall quality of effluents. Frequency of monitoring: Monitoring of waste water samples for four parameters should be done at a frequency of once in a fortnight. Methodology: The sample collection, procedures for sample preservation and methods of analysis are followed as per Standard Methods of Water and Wastewater analysis, American Water Woks Association (AWWA), American Public Health Association (APHA). Standards: The standards prescribed by MoEFCC for effluent water samples are as follows: (i) pH - 5.5 to 9.0 (ii) Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) - 250 mg/l (iii) Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) - 30 ml/l (iv) Total Suspended Solids (TSS) - 100 mg/l-200 mg/l (Land for irrigation) (v) Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) - -- (vi) Oil & Grease (O & G) - 10 mg/l (Monitoring frequency of these parameters shall be once in a fortnight) In addition to the above, the following standards will be followed for complete analysis of surface and ground water samples, once in a quarter year. Surface Water: CPCB Guidelines for water quality monitoring - Monitoring of Indian National Aquatic Resources Series (MINARS / 27 / 2007-08). Ground Water: CPCB Guidelines for water quality monitoring- MINARS / 27 / 2007-08. Monitoring of Phreatic Surface Levels: Phreatic surface levels will be monitored through out the life of the project by a Hydro-geologist to study the impact of opencast mining operations on ground water regime. A net work of observation wells will be identified for monitoring of phreatic surface levels. The trend of ground water level fluctuations will be monitored by recording of phreatic surface levels during winter, pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon seasons.
6.3.3 Noise Level Monitoring Noise level monitoring will be done for achieving the following objectives: · To compare sound levels with the values specified in noise regulations. · To determine the need and extent of noise control of various noise generating sources · Correlation of noise levels with community response to noise levels
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E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment/Environmental Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
Noise level monitoring will be done at the work zone to assess the occupational noise exposure levels. Noise levels will also be monitored at the noise generating sources like coal handling arrangements, HEMM maintenance workshop and also nearby villages for studying the impact due to higher noise levels for taking necessary control measures at the source. Parameters: The noise level recordings will be measured in dB(A) Leq values, where dB(A) denotes the time weighted average of the level of sound in decibels on scale A , which is relatable to human hearing. Frequency of Monitoring: Monitoring frequency for noise levels will be once in a fortnight. MoEF &CC has stipulated that noise levels have to be monitored between 6.00 AM to 10.00 PM for day time and 10.00 PM to 6.00 AM for night time. Methodology and Instrumentation: Integrated Sound level meters will be used for monitoring of Leq noise levels in dB (A) scale at the work place and also in the surrounding villages. Noise Standards: (i) MoEFCC has stipulated noise level standards for coalmines as follows: Time duration : 6.00 A.M.- 10.00 P.M. 10.00 P.M. - 6.00 A.M Noise Level : Leq 75 dB(A) Leq 70 dB(A)
MoEFCC has also stipulated ambient air quality standards in respect of noise in Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000. MoEFCC stipulated in GSR-742 (E), dt. 25.09.2000 that occupational exposure levels of noise as prescribed by DGMS should also be followed at work environment. Ambient Air Quality Standards in respect of Noise are furnished as Table No. 6.3. Table 6.3: Ambient Air Quality Standards in respect of Noise Limits in dB(A) Leq * Area Code Category of Area / Zone Day Time Night Time (A) Industrial area 75 70 (B) Commercial area 65 55 (C) Residential area 55 45 (D) Silence Zone 50 40 DGMS stipulated, vide circular no 18 of 1975, the following noise level standards for attainment in work environment: (i) A warning limit of 85 dB(A) is set below which there will be little risk to an unprotected ear for an eight hour exposure. (ii) The danger limit value of 90 dB(A), above which hearing impairment and deafness may result from an unprotected ear. (iii) A worker should not be allowed to enter, without appropriate ear protection, an area in which the noise level is 115 dB(A) or more. (iv) Personal protective equipment shall be worn, if here are single isolated outbursts of noise which can go above 130 dB(A) “impulse” or 120 dB(A) “Fast” (v) No worker shall be allowed to enter an area where the noise level exceeds 140 dB(A)
6.3.4 Blast Vibrations Drilling and Blasting operations will be conducted in the JVR OC-I & II Expansion Project for removal of overburden. Scientific studies were conducted for evolving a suitable blasting methodology for keeping the ground vibrations within safe levels. Continuous monitoring of controlled blasting operations and ground vibrations are very significant from the post-project monitoring point of view.
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Blast Vibration Study Methodology & Instrumentation: Permission will be obtained from D.G.M.S. to conduct controlled blasting under Regulation No. 196 (3) of CMR 2017 to conduct blasting operations within 500 m of any building or structure of permanent nature not belonging to the owner. Director General of Mines Safety (DGMS), Dhanbad, has stipulated vide Circular No. 7 of 1997 dated 29.08.1997, guidelines for monitoring of blast induced ground vibrations for preventing damage to surface structures. The transducer will be placed near the structure on the solid undisturbed ground and should be placed well in contact with the ground. For structural response, the transducers shall be placed horizontally over the wall, floors and ceiling. The air overpressure and vibration measuring instruments are being used for monitoring of impacts due to blasting operations. The blasting personnel are trained in the operation of equipment so that observations can be made during regular blasting operations. Parameters: The peak particle velocity (ppv) has so far been considered the best criteria for evaluating blast vibrations in terms of potential to cause damage. The peak particle velocity is measured in mm/sec and air overpressure is measured in dB(A). Frequency of Monitoring: The ground vibrations and air overpressure will be monitored regularly during blasting operations for continuous supervision of blasting methodology for compliance. Permissible Standards: DGMS has stipulated permissible limits for blast induced ground vibrations in mining areas. Depending on the type of structures and the dominant excitation, DGMS has stipulated that the ppv on the ground adjacent to the structure shall not exceed the values given below in the Table No.6.5. Table No.6.4: The ppv at the foundation level of structures in mining areas in mm/s Dominant Excitation Frequency Type of structure < 8 Hz 8 - 25 Hz > 25 Hz A. Buildings/Structures not belonging to the owner i Domestic houses / structures (kuchha brick & cement) 5 10 15 ii Industrial Buildings (RCC & Framed Structures) 10 20 25 Objects of historical importance & sensitive iii 2 5 10 structures B. Buildings belonging to the owner with limited span of life i Domestic houses / structures (kuchha brick & cement) 10 15 25 ii Industrial Buildings (RCC & Framed Structures) 15 25 50
6.3.5 Monitoring of Phase-wise Reclamation Programme Project-level Environment Management Committee (EMC) will periodically inspect the progress of reclamation activities at the mine concurrent with the mining operations. Project Officer will ensure that the reclamation programme as envisaged in the approved EMP is implemented in JVR OC Mine (I & II expansion). Corporate Environment Department will also monitor the progress of reclamation activities at the mine and compliance status of clearance conditions as stipulated by MoEFCC in respect of land reclamation. Sufficient equipment will be deployed in the project by departmental as well as out-sourcing agencies for carrying out reclamation activities. The following personnel involve in implementation of phase-wise reclamation programme in the project.
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(1) Project Officer (2) Mine Manager (3) Safety Officer / Mine Level Environmental In-charge (4) Area Level Environmental Officer & Forestry Officer (5) Water Sprinkler Operator - 1 (6) Grader Operator - 1 (7) Dozer Operator - 1
6.3.6 Monitoring of Emergency Procedures The Mine Manager monitors the emergencies that may occur in opencast mining operations and prepares an emergency plan to deal with emergency situations during the operation of the mine. Emergency organization will be formulated for impending emergencies like inundation, fires etc
6.3.7 Occupational Health Surveillance in SCCL 6.3.7.1 Description of Occupational Health Surveillance: SCCL has established eleven Periodical Medical Examination (PME) centres in the company for conducting Periodical Medical Examination of the employees. The Centres are situated at Kothagudem, Manuguru, Yellandu, Godavarikhani, Sector - III Colony (Godavarikhani), Bellampalli, Ramakrishnapur, Mandamarri, Srirampur Bhupalpally and Sathupally. All the PME Centers are provided with computers for maintenance of PME data base. The software is developed for the maintenance of PME data of the work persons and is being used at the Corporate Office, Kothagudem. Every PME centre is provided with the facility for chest radiographs, lung function tests, arrangement for classification of chest radiographs and also, wherever required, facilities for Audiometry. All the PME centers are having following facilities: · Facilities for chest radiographs as per ILO guidelines. Each PME centre is provided with a set of ILO standard chest radiographs on Pneumoconiosis. · All PME centers are provided with pure tone Audiometry equipment. · All PME centers are provided with computerized Spiro metres of RMS make.
6.3.7.2 Classification of Chest Radiographs: All the Chest radiographs of the Initial and Periodical Medical examinations are being classified for detection, diagnosis and documentation of Pneumoconiosis in accordance with the ILO classification for Pneumoconiosis according to DGMS guidelines.
6.3.7.3 Training of Medical Officers. All the PME Doctors employed by company except gynaecologists, paediatricians, surgeons and ortho surgeons are trained to read PME X - Rays in accordance with ILO classification of Pneumoconiosis. Out of a total of 217 Doctors on roll as on date, 123 Doctors are trained in reading the chest radiographs as per the ILO guide lines.
6.3.7.4 Occupational Disease Board: SCCL has one Occupational Diseases Board (Pneumoconiosis Board) in existence since 1965. Chief of Medical Services, Radiologist constituted the Occupational Diseases Board, Physician and Occupational Health Physician together.
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6.3.7.5 Guidelines for Detection of Occupational Disease: SCCL is following the guidelines and the salient features are – · Every employee above 45 years age is examined at an interval of once in five years and employees of below 45 years age are examined once in three years under PME. If, on examination his health status is found to be normal, he will be reviewed after completion of 5/3 years period. · If any employee is found to be having a health deviation, he will be referred to concerned specialist for advice treatment (remedial measure) and follow up. · As far as the cases of Pneumoconiosis are concerned, qualified Radiologists / Medical Officers trained in ILO classification of chest radiographs read all the X-Rays. · If the employee is found to have radiological findings consistent / suggestive of pneumoconiosis, he will be kept under surveillance. · Such an employee will be reviewed every two years instead of every 5 years as per the routine procedure. · If the Pneumoconiosis category comes to 2/2 as per ILO classification, such an employee will be examined by Occupational Diseases Board. · Depending upon the functional capacity of the lung, left-over service, other laboratory investigation reports and the willingness of the employee, necessary rehabilitative measures will be initiated viz. · Making medical unfit for further service, Making unfit for present job. · Any of the above two decisions will be arrived at with award of compensation. · Eye refraction test is being done for vehicle drivers and HEMM operators at an interval of once in a year. SCCL is also conducting health camps in villages located in the vicinity of Project to study the health status of the people and is providing free treatment in SCCL hospitals.
6.3.8 Monitoring of Mine Closure Plan The monitoring of the mine closure plan is an essential requirement for review of the efficacy of the mine closure plan and to take corrective actions. The monitoring consists of measuring the Air quality, Water Quality, preservation of water body, plantation, reclamation of land for improving aesthetic and other land use values as prescribed in the mine closure plan. Area level environment management committee will monitor the implementation of mine closure plan. In addition, a separate cell for monitoring of mine closure activities has been set up at company level.
6.4 REPORTING SCHEDULES OF MONITORED DATA To achieve the desired objectives of proper implementation of mitigation measures in JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion), the environmental management committee at the project level will monitor the following activities.
6.4.1 Slope Stability: Regular check for slope stability of mine working faces and dumps will be done as per the DGMS permission conditions for taking necessary corrective steps.
6.4.2 Soil Erosion: Regular monitoring of soil erosion will be done at dumps and other areas. Garland drains, check dams, plantation along dump slopes will be provided and maintained.
6.4.3 Drains and Sumps: All drains including garland drains will be de-silted periodically during pre-monsoon season. Effectiveness of the drainage system will be regularly monitored.
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6.4.4 Blasting Effects: Blasting operations will be monitored as per the DGMS permission conditions so as to take steps to reduce/minimize fly rock, ground vibration and noise . The monitored data on air quality, water quality, noise levels, blast vibrations and phreatic surface levels will be periodically examined by the Project Level Environment Management Committee for taking necessary corrective measures. The post-project monitoring data will be incorporated in consent renewal applications, in yearly environmental statements to be submitted to TSPCB and half-yearly compliance reports submitted to MoEF&CC. The work zone air quality data, noise levels, blast vibration data will also be submitted to DGMS at periodical intervals. 6.5 Environmental Monitoring Programme for Coal washery The environmental monitoring is important to assess performance of pollution control equipment installed at the project site. The sampling and analysis of environmental attributes including monitoring locations will be as per the guidelines of the Central Pollution Control Board. Environmental monitoring will be conducted on regular basis to assess the pollution level in and around the project area. The attributes, which require regular monitoring, are specified as follows: · Air quality · Water quality · Noise levels · Soil quality · Socio-economic aspects and community development A comprehensive monitoring program is suggested in Table No. 6.5. Table 6.5 Monitoring Schedule for Environmental Parameters Important Sr. Monitoring Method of Particulars Monitoring No. Frequency Sampling Parameters I Air Pollution & Meteorology A Air Quality Monitoring
1 Six locations in and Twice in a Respirable dust PM10, PM2.5, SO2, around the plant month sampler and Fine NOx particulate sampler (24 hourly) 2 Work zone Twice in a Respirable dust -do monitoring month sampler and Fine particulate sampler (24 hourly) B Fugitive Emissions Raw material Twice in a Respirable dust -do- handling, feed area, month sampler and Fine and other areas particulate specified by SPCB sampler (24 hourly) II Water and Wastewater Quality A Water Quality 1 Surface / Ground Once in a Grab Parameters specified
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Important Sr. Monitoring Method of Particulars Monitoring No. Frequency Sampling Parameters Water season as per CPCB surface water quality criteria and BIS:10500 standards B Industrial Effluents Treated waste water, Once in a 24 hr composite pH, TSS, BOD, COD if to be discharged fortnight and O& G outside the plant during monsoon III Ambient Noise Levels 1 On the Plant Once in a 24 hr continuous Noise levels in dB(A) Boundary at three fortnight for with one hr locations ambient interval noise levels
6.5.1 Institutional Arrangements at Coal Washery for Environment Protection and Conservation Environmental management committee will be established in Washery Plant, which will be headed and controlled by the plant Manager and supported by a team of technically qualified personnel apart from other operating staff. Organization structure is presented in Figure. No.6.1 Figure 6.1 Organization Structure for Environment Management in Coal Washery
Plant Manager
Manager Environment
Chemist
Assistant
In case the monitored results of environmental pollution are found to exceed the allowable limits, the environmental Management cell will suggests remedial measures and get them implemented.
6.5.2 Capital Requirement for Coal Washery: The capital requirement for the proposed Coal Washery at JVR OC Mine (I&II Mine Expansion) is estimated as is 80.00 Crores. The details of head-wise capital requirement for the Coal Washery are furnished hereunder:
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Capital Cost for Coal Washery SL. Item wise Items No. Capital Cost 1 Land 5.43 2 Cost of Buildings 27.00 Cost of Civil & Structural Works 27.00
3 Plant and Equipment 36.30 Cost of Mechanical Equipment 29.30
Cost of Electrical & Instrumentation Equipment 7.00
4 Furniture & Fixtures 1.00 5 EMP related costs 6.21 Water Management 0.55
Pollution Control 2.54
Green Belt Development 2.12
Misc 1.00
6 Others 4.06 Pre work expenses Survey, Soil Testing, Design & 2.60 Engineering Cost of Laboratory & Workshop Equipment 0.46
Vehicles 1.00
Total Capital Cost 80.00
* * *
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CHAPTER - 7 ADDITIONAL STUDIES
7.1 REHABILITATION AND RESETTLEMENT PLAN Kommepalli village is falling in the Project area of JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion). A total of 229 families are affected by the project and all are project displaced families (PDFS) were paid as per R&R policy, envisaged by the Government to all the PDFs. Table 7.1 PAFs/PDFs Details of JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion) Name of R&R Amount Name of Affected No. of Year of Centre where paid towards Village Hamlet PDFs evacuation PDFs settled R&R Benefits Ayyagaripeta 17.79 crores Partly Village, already 229 Kommepalli evacuated Sathuaplli Mandal, paid Khammam Dist. Total 229 * Status of evacuation – Complete evacuation is expected by January 2021.
7.2 SAFETY MANAGEMENT PLAN Mining, by its very nature, is a hazardous industry. All over the world many countries have proven that the risks of mining can be controlled to acceptable levels through effective safety and health management systems – supported by formal risk management processes that identify hazards, assess and rank risk, determine control measures and monitor effectiveness of the controls. The ninth and tenth Conference of Safety in mines recommended adopting Risk Assessment as a tool for development of appropriate health & safety management systems in Indian mines. The eleventh Conference further recommended that the managements of every mining company should adopt the process of safety management system and commit itself for proper formulation and implementation of the same in totality. Drawing inputs from inferences draw from several workshops on “Risk Assessment” in Indian mine conducted by DGMS, a document on “Safety Management System – A guideline for implementation” was prepared and circulated as DGMS (Tech) (S&T) Circular No. 13 of 2002. Another guideline in this regard titled “Safety Management System – Provision for auditing and review” was issued by DGMS (Tech) (S&T) Circular No. 02 of 2011. As a sequel to above circulars for further effectiveness of Safety Management System DGMS (Tech.) (S&T) Cir no 5 of 2016 was also circulated. Reg-104 under CMR 2017 requires owner, agent & manager of every mine to prepare and implement an auditable document, Safety Management Plan. Steps involved in Safety Management Plan STEP – 1 Management Role & System Risk Review: STEP – 2 Hazard identification & Risk Assessment STEP – 3 Development of Risk Management action plan STEP – 4 Safety system Audit STEP – 5 Safety System review by monitoring committee STEP – 6 Repetition of all the steps
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Brief description about each step: Step - 1 Management Role & System Risk Review: 1. Review of management safety policy. 2. Review of management responsibility & commitment. 3. Review of the works by different committees Step - 2 Hazard identification & Risk Assessment: The analysis of risk involves understanding the nature of the hazard; the nature of existing controls and recovery measures; assessing the likelihood of the hazard occurring; and the severity of its consequences should it occur. Consequences and likelihood are identified and combined to produce a level of risk. Consequences and likelihood may be estimated using statistical analysis and calculations. Risk Score = Consequence x Exposure x Probability Consequence is the size of loss or damage. In terms of health and safety, it is the degree of harm that could be caused to workers exposed to the hazard, the potential severity of injuries or ill health and / or the number of persons who could be potentially affected. Exposure is percentage of time personnel are present. Probability is chance that they will be harmed. Step - 3 Development of Risk Management Action Plan: The preparation of a Risk Management Plan (RMP) requires risk assessment in the mine. Risk assessment is a process of logically assessing the risks involved in an activity to determine the actions necessary to reduce control and or manage the risks. Risk management aims to reduce the likelihood and impact of mishaps of all kinds. In the mining industry, with its inherent potential for major accidents which could injure or kill many people, damage the environment, cause serious loss of production and hence profit, there is a particular need for a sound approach to the process of risk management. Step - 4 Safety systems Audit: In this step we have to audit the safety status of the mine. 1. Regular safety auditing to be established in the mine. 2. Basing on the above audit, preparation & formulation of COPs & SOPs whenever necessary. 3. Decide control operations 4. Document procedure for each control 5. Fixing up of responsibilities Step - 5 Safety System Review by Monitoring Committee: All steps in the risk management process should be monitored and subject to review. For each stage adequate records should be kept to demonstrate how decisions were made and what the outcome of the process. Review the audit reports in statutory forums & non statutory forums in mine & area level from time to time and frequently to motivate the workmen about safety. 7.2.1 Risk Assessment and Management The present-day environment demands to have a fresh look at Safety Management as a structured process composed of well defined systems that emphasizes continuous improvement in work quality, health, welfare and productivity of workforce engaged in mineral industry through setting up of improved safety standards and their effective implementation and administration. Because the statutory provisions can never be fully comprehensive, appropriate and site specific. Trend, World over is, therefore, to make the
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E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion) statutory provisions ‘Flexible’ by switching over from the regime of ‘Prescriptive Regulation’ to ‘Self Regulatory or Goal Setting Legislation’.
It is now widely accepted world over that the concept of “Risk Management” through “Risk Assessment” contributes greatly towards achieving the objectives. Introduction of risk management as a tool for development of good health and safety management system is a breakthrough in the traditional strategy as it differs from the existing one by involving the entire staff in the realization of safety improvement programme with responsibility and accountability sharing proportionate to the decisions making authority. The system is sure to be an effective tool for improvement of health and safety scenario in our mining industry. 7.2.1.1 Risk Assessment Risk Assessment process identifies all the existing and probable hazards in the work environment and in all operations, assess the risk levels of those hazards in order to prioritize which needs immediate attention for redressal, where maintenance of ongoing management is sufficient and which are of very mild in nature. Then for managing these risks, different mechanisms (underlying causes) responsible for these hazards are identified and their control measures, set to time table, are recorded pinpointing the responsibilities. Further, the monitoring and auditing at regular interval recommended as a part of the system would ensure that safe operating procedure are followed, evaluated, corrected, standardized and documented training procedures for workers and executives are in place and are carried out regularly, and commitment to health and safety is demonstrated at all levels of organization. On implementation of the system, an appropriate safety level in each stage of operation may be obtained by a systematic and documented management system with well- defined responsibility and accountability for safety among the mine employees. The process of calculation of Risk: The Risk Score for a Hazard is dependent upon the chance of occurrence and the impact of such an occurrence (Consequence). Hence- Risk Score = Consequence x Likelihood Consequence is the size of loss or damage. In terms of health and safety, it is the degree of harm that could be caused to workers exposed to the hazard, the potential severity of injuries or ill health and / or the number of persons who could be potentially affected. It has been kept in mind that the consequence of hazard may be in terms of loss of assets or cost to the company in terms of money or production. Likelihood is the chance that the hazard might occur. In some cases the personnel are exposed to the hazard for a part of the time. A more detailed analysis is carried out of the risk by taking this factor in to consideration. Replacing Likelihood by Exposure (percentage of time personnel are present) and Probability (chance that they will be harmed). Risk Score = Consequence x Exposure x Probability (CEP) Experience and CEP: The absolute CEP is not in itself a meaningful number. It is only meaningful when compared to other CEP numbers to allow assessment of the risk and actions to be taken to reduce the risk. The individual areas of concern are assessed (preferably by a team or group of people to allow discussion and to prevent personal bias) and CEPs assigned to the various factors. The CEPs can then be prioritized (highest first) to have corrective action to reduce the CEP. Where there is experience of accidents and events, then the actual historical records can be used to build the CEP factors and to justify the values used or set CEP threshold for action. Assessment of the relative factors can be based on:
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(a) Previous events at our mine. (b) Similar events in other mines in India. (c) Analogous events all over the world in mining or in any industry for similar activities. The amount of previous information available has been used to provide for a well-reasoned judgment for the allocation of values to the individual factors. The use of historical data and experience at the mine has been the main pillars of support for the preparation of this document. A risk assessment is not a static document that is prepared and then displayed. We believe that this document is a ‘Living Document’. The initial focus will be on reducing the highest CEP factors in the document. But this will simply mean that other and lower CEP factors will come to the top of the list. These ‘top of the list’ factors are then subjected to analysis and improvements made to lower the overall risk profile. This is part of the reason for avoiding an absolute CEP threshold. The tasks to work on are always those at the top of the list and reducing these will reduce the risk profile of the mine as whole.
Consequence Scale Exposure Scale Probability Scale Several Dead 5 Continuous 10 Expected/ 10 almost certain One Dead 1 Frequent (Daily) 5 Quite possible/likely 7 Significant chance of 0.3 Seldom (Weekly) 3 Unusual but possible 3 Fatality One Permanent 0.1 Unusual (Monthly) 2.5 Only remotely possible 2 Disability Small chance of fatality 0.1 Occasionally (Yearly) 2 Conceived but unlikely 1 Many lost time Injuries 0.01 Once in 5 years 1.5 Practically impossible 0.5 One lost time injury 0.001 Once in 10 years 0.5 Virtually impossible 0.1 small injury 0.0001 Once in 100 years 0.02
Risk Assessment process: (Flow diagram)
Identify Assemble Determine Hazards
Review Ranking Review Hazards
Determine Rank
Initiate
The Hierarchy of Controls: · Elimination: Remove material, substance or process to eliminate the hazard completely (100%) · Substitution: Replace with less hazardous material, substance or process (75%) · Separation: Isolate hazard from person by guarding, space or time separation (50%) · Administration: Adjusting the time or conditions of risk exposures (30%)
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· Training: Improving skills making tasks less hazardous to persons involved (20%) · Personal Protective Equipment: Used as the last resort, appropriately designed and properly fitted equipment where other controls are not practicable (5%). Based on Risk Assessment process, following are the various activities that will be identified, which can cause risks/accidents/incidents. 1 HEMM movement 2 Explosives, Drilling and Blasting 3 Coal Handling Operations At CHP 4 Sliding 5 Electricity 6 Tippers/ Lorry Movement At Coal Yard & CHP 7 Fires & Spontaneous Heating 8 Inundation 7.2.1.2 Risk Management It is the overall description of the steps taken to manage risk, by identifying hazards and implementing controls in the work place. Risk Management process involves the following steps: a. Induction, Training & Continuous Improvement: Each mine will have training programs for employees, which need to be reviewed against safety criteria. The updating of training requirements should include re-training of existing personnel to the new skill level. This can be performed on-the-job. When the new skill, procedure, etc., has been taught to an individual and they have been assessed to have achieved that Competency, this should be recorded. This allows the mine to track staffs that are qualified to particular tasks. In some instances, staff should be prevented performing tasks until they have been correctly trained in new procedures and are considered competent to perform a task safely. b. Accident / Incident Reporting & Investigation: This would be a Standing Order to ensure compliance with Regulations and to inform mine personnel of responsibilities and reporting requirements. It should cover- · Responsibility of those on the site · Immediate response and Emergency backup · Notifying key staff of accident · Securing the site · Treatment of any injuries · Investigation and Reporting · Review of any recommendations and determining actions. c. Auditing & Review / Revise: Reviewing the effectiveness of programs within the Safety Management Plan. This should be an on-going process. This should show whether policies, Regulations and expectations are being met or where systems can be made more effective. Both internal and external audits should be considered. Auditors need training to be objective and independent. Management Team or the Health and Safety Committee would have to decide how often audits would be done, what systems or areas would be audited and reporting arrangements.
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Detailed Flow Chart of Risk Management Process in Detail
7.2.1.3 Probable Risks associated and Measures to be taken
A. HEMM Movement Most of the accidents during transport of dumpers, trucks and other heavy vehicles are often attributable to mechanical failures, in which the factor of human errors cannot be ruled out.
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Measures to Prevent Accidents due to Trucks and Dumpers are as under. i. All transportation within the main working should be carried out directly under the supervision and control of the management. ii. The vehicles must be maintained in good condition and checked thoroughly at least once a week by the competent person authorized for the purpose by the Management. iii. Road signs should be provided at each and every turning point and at suitable places especially for the guidance of the drivers at the night. iv. To avoid danger while reversing the trackless vehicles especially at the embankment and tipping points, all areas for reversing of lorries should as far as possible be made man free. Haul roads will be made flatter at 1 in 16 gradients for safe operation of dumpers. Drains will be provided on either side to keep the road dry. Adequate haul road width has been designed considering space for dozer track, pipes, electric lines, cables, provision for berms and two-way traffic for dumper movement. Sharp curves are avoided. Proper lighting and signboards all along the roads will be provided. B. Explosives, Drilling & Blasting Explosives i. Storage of Explosives: Shall be done in licensed magazines. ii. Transportation of explosives: iii. Approved type explosive van with all safety features only should be used. iv. Authorized driver only should be allowed for explosive van. v. Handling of explosives: a. Required quantity of explosives only should be transported to site of blasting. b. Sequence of un loading the explosives. c. Authorized persons only should deal the explosives. d. Maintaining a minimum clearance between charging and other activities. e. Restricting vehicles movement near charging and charged area. Drilling i. Transportation of drill machine and placement for drilling at site: While transporting drill machine, its mast must be lowered, even with in the drilling area on inclined plane (High gradients) to avoid toppling of drill machine. ii. Position of drill machine on inclined planes: For positing on inclined planes (High gradients), wedges must be used under jack pads for levelling of the drill machine. iii. Change of Drill rods: Ensure proper Holding of drill barrels, while loading/unloading (Attachment /Detaching) on the drill mast. Blasting Blasting in mining may give rise to ground vibrations. Fly rock is another problem that deserves attention. Based on the ground vibration studies made earlier, proper precautions will be taken during blasting operations for controlling the ground vibrations. By a proper choice of blasting technique, it is possible to minimize ground vibrations resulting from blasting. The peak particle velocity of vibration is now accepted as the more reliable criterion for assessing the damage potential of vibrations. This factor considers both frequency and amplitude giving an indication of the level of hazards and fairly accurate indication of the “nuisance” value of the movements. USBM have statistically established a relationship between peak particle velocity (V) with the maximum charge per delay (W) and the distance of the shot from the measuring point (D). V= H (D/W1/2) B
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E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
Where, H and B are constant and (D/W1/2) is called the Scaled ‘distance’. It is therefore suggested that chargé/hole be restricted as per distance from villages. Safety zone as required by mining statutes will also be ensured. Blasting in opencast mines poses a major hazard if necessary precautions are not taken, especially during extraction of developed pillars. (i) Blast Vibrations & Control Measures Controlled blasting technique will be adopted in this project in order to reduce blast vibrations. Further, charge per delay shall be regulated to minimize blast vibrations. In addition, the following guidelines will be adopted, wherever required, to check the ground vibrations: a. Shots shall not be fired except during the hours of day light. b. The holes charged on any particular day shall be fired on the same day. c. Optimum delay sequence and stem to column ratio shall be maintained to minimize the fly rock distance and ground vibration intensity. d. Basing on the distance of the nearest sensitive areas from the epicenter of the blast, charge weight shall be altered to meet the stipulated standards. e. Design of optimum blast hole geometry considering bench height, diameter of hole, type of explosive, nature of rock, level of fragmentation required etc. f. Divide total charge / blast in several parts so as to keep minimum explosive per delay. g. Avoid concentration of explosive by using deck charging. h. During the approach and progress of electrical storm adequate precautions shall be taken. i. For blasting in hot coal strata, special explosives are to be used after bringing down the blast hole temperature to below a certain permissible limit (80° C) with the help of water. Blasting operations shall be carried out within 2 hours after charging of explosive. j. Heat resistance emulsion explosives should be used in case of blasting in hot strata. k. Proper use of different type of relay for proper sequencing of the blast will be used. Non- electric down the hole delay detonators shall be used. l. All loose debris will be cleared off the blasting site. m. All the holes will be suitably muffled before blasting to control the fly rock. n. Blasting pattern and area to be blasted should be carefully evolved for better fragmentation and more safety. o. The blasted coal should be loaded as early as possible. During blasting bottom initiation system shall be adopted. (ii) Fly Rock Control Measures There are a large number of factors that influence fly rocks. Most important of these factors are long explosive columns with little stemming at the mouth of the hole, irregular shape of free face, long water column in holes, loose stones on face of the surface blasting area, and strong wind. However, certain preventive measures will be taken to minimize the risks arising from flying fragments. These are: a. Marking of danger zone: The area falling within 500 m of the blasting area will be marked off as danger zone. Proper precautions by way of posting guards with red flags, siren or other appropriate signs and entry of any unauthorized person into this zone will be prohibited during blasting operation. Men and machinery will be withdrawn to safer place before blasting. Blasting will be done between shift timings. b. Warning signals: An audible warning signal will be given, fifteen minutes before actual firing of blast to enable persons to move out of danger zone. For this purpose, a set of sirens/hooters will be provided at appropriate places. c. Providing blasting shelters: In order to protect the personnel engaged in blasting operations, blasting shelters will be provided for taking shelter during blasting.
Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 7-8
E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
(iii) Air Blast Control Measures Dust and noise problems are commonly encountered during blasting operations. The release of explosive energy through air and movement of fragmented rocks are primary causes for noise, dust and air over pressure during blasting. Adoption of following measures while carrying out blasting operation will help in reducing the intensity of air blasts and will also minimize the noise level associated with the air blasts. The measures suggested are: i. Avoiding overcharging of blast holes a. Adequate stemming b. Maintaining proper inter-hole & inter-row delays. C. Coal Handling Operations At CHP ii. Repair & Maintenance works in Hopper: Avoid inadvertent dumping of material in the hauper. iii. Belt cleaning works at Tail/Discharge Ends: a. All concerned to be acquainted with code of practices. b. Before cleaning pull cord switch to be kept in off position c. Only trained persons to be engaged on cleaning works. d. Provision of ding guards at moving parts shall be ensured. e. No person shall try to cross the belt. iv. Belt jointing/changing works: Pull cord to be kept in OFF position. No person shall be allowed on/under the belt. Electric Power shall not be used for removing/pulling the Belt. Proper mechanical tool to be used for above purpose. v. Shale picking operations on moving belt: a. Proper level & spacious platform with suitable height shall be provided along the belt with railing. b. Guard/ railing against moving parts of the conveyor belt shall be provided. c. Persons must wear tight clothing and hand gloves. d. Adequate lighting over the picking belts should be provided. D. Sliding The high overburden dumps may cause landslides. High overburden dumps created at the quarry edge may cause sliding of the overburden dump or may cause failure of the pit slope due to excessive loading, thereby causing loss of life and property. Carbonaceous shales and thin coal partings when dumped along with overburden or backfilled in quarries may lead to fire hazards. Run off from overburden dumps may cause siltation of rivers and canals. Measures to prevent the danger due to OB dumps are as follows: i. A sturdy stone wall should be built around the toe of each active dump at a distance of about 50 m from the toe, ii. Where overburden material contains coal, people would often approach the dump at night to pilfer the carbonaceous material. Hence, patrolling by guard has to be introduce to nip the nocturnal activity, of pilferage in the bad condition. iii. To prevent the failure of overburden slopes, especially during rainy season, following precautions need to be taken against this hazard: iv. Proper terracing of the dump slopes. v. In portions where the dumping operations have come to an end, the slope angle should be flattened to an angle lower than the angle of repose which varies from site to site, vi. Planting vegetation as early as possible over the overburden dump slopes, vii. The drainage channels along the overburden dump toe provide additional protection, viii. A distance of over 50 m should be left between the OB dump and the coal bench (depending on the gradient)
Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 7-9
E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion) ix. After mining of coal, a layer of crushed rock, left out crushed coal and water may lie on the de-coaled quarry floor- this heterogeneous mixture is termed here as interface material. This interface material covering the steeply inclined quarry floor will be one of the major causes of any internal dump failure. Before back filling, this interface material will be cleaned with a dozer. Slope stability is a vital aspect, as final high walls will have to be planned as steep as possible due to economical reasons but on the other hand stable enough for safety reasons. Collapse of sides is likely to pose problems in opencast mines. Proper benching and sloping will be ensured. All moving benches will be maintained at 70 degrees and the final slope will vary from 37 to 42 degrees. The proposed block is intercepted by no. of faults. Scientific study for slope stability is awarded. E. Electricity i. Maintenance and Repairs: Shut down procedures shall be followed while undertaking repairs and maintenance. ii. Handling of live power cables: iii. Power cables shall not be handled without wearing protective equipment. Live power cables are to be handled by wearing hand gloves. iv. Damaged cables are to be replaced. v. Crawling of Dozer over the live power cable: vi. Cables shall not be laid on/across the roads. vii. Cables are laid on one side of the bench. viii. Dozer should not be allowed to pass over the cables. ix. EL tripping mechanism to be provided and maintained in all the switches x. Cross over shall be arranged where ever necessary. xi. Bye passing protective devices: xii. Protective devices should not be bye passed: All protective devices are to be provided and maintained in all the switches and sub-station. Functioning of protective devices shall be checked and ensured in regular intervals. F. Tippers/ Lorry Movement At Coal Yard & CHP Regularization of movement of persons. Unauthorized persons should not be allowed to drive the vehicles. G. Fires & Spontaneous Heating Dumps of Loose coal, if left for long is likely to result in heating. Loose coal heaps will be dozed and lifted on first dumped first dispatched basis. i. Loading and unloading is done separate compartments ii. Coal stock yard is arranged with proper fire fighting arrangement. iii. Fire in HEMM – Proper maintenance as per schedules and maintenance of HEMM without oil leakages H. Inundation There is no threat of inundation to the mine. To prevent inrush of surface water in the rainy season there is a chance of inundation of opencast workings. Precautions/ Remedies i. Sufficient water garlands are to be provided to protect inrush of surface water into the quarry from dump yards and catchments water from surface areas. ii. Construction/strengthening of berms/bunds on surface along quarry boundary shall be done during every rainy season. Suitable monitoring system shall be established to take care of any special contingencies. iii. Proper drains need to be cut around the quarry to divert away the water during rainy season, from entering the quarry. The drains will be connected to natural drainage
Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 7-10
E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
system of the area. Within the quarry itself, sumps of adequate capacity will be provided and adequate pumping capacity will be provided at sumps. iv. Proper arrangements for embankment or diversion will be made. v. Water management plan shall be prepared and maintained. 7.2.2 DISASTER MANAGEMENT In spite of rapid advancement in management and technology, disasters in mining mainly due to fire, explosion, inundation, failure of working benches and failure of internal dump yard occur sporadically all over the world. Consequences of disaster are enormous in terms of loss of lives and property. The loss of morale and public image further create an awkward situation for the mine concerned as well as the entire Company. A sound Disaster Management Plan (DMP) to minimize the consequences of the disaster and to restore the normal operation at the earliest must be formulated by each mine depending on site-specific conditions. Explanation A disaster is any unexpected event that can kill 10 or more persons thereby disrupting all operations in a mine. Any disaster threatens the reputation of a company. If any such disaster occurs, the DMP should be initiated. The decision for implementation of the plan in case of a disaster is to be initiated by senior most officer of the mine i.e. Agent/Colliery Manager. A situation where a small fire or an accident involving two or three persons that can be dealt by mine level organization, shall not be deemed as a disaster but is an emergency for the mine. Mine Manager should deal this emergency as per the Emergency Plan, which is prepared as per CMR, 2017 and any other local emergency plan prepared. The senior most officer of the mine can change the Emergency Plan into a Disaster Management Plan if the situation warrants. In any rescue organization, its state of readiness is of vital importance. In fact it should be military-like discipline setup. Fortunately, disasters do not happen frequently, but whenever a disaster strikes the industry, it severely tests the management’s state of preparedness and the Action Plan. It is, therefore, important that no sense of complacence should be allowed to develop and every effort made to provide a best Disaster Management Plan for mines that is capable of being implemented promptly and without any confusion, and which serve its main purpose of saving precious lives of workers with least possible delay. Further, the facilities to be provided for dealing with fires, spontaneous heating, accumulation of gases etc., have been specified in the CMR, 1957 and those for rescue and recovery work have been detailed in the Mines Rescue Rules, 1985. 7.2.2.1 Preparedness for Disasters: When a disaster occurs in a mine, the situation has to be dealt quickly. The first few hours after occurrence of disaster is very crucial. If the key persons at the frontline react quickly and act in a organized manner as per the advance planning in the initial moments after the occurrence of disaster, many lives can be saved. Decisions taken on the spur of the moment will not bring in as good results as properly planned procedures will. Advance planning is the most logical way of minimizing the time losses in emergency. Advance planning and preparation has two aspects, namely, · Creating a Disaster Management Committee (DMC) that should go into operation immediately on the occurrence of a disaster, and · Building up of physical facilities that may be needed to cope up with any disaster. After any disaster, the nature and importance is such that the situation demands that presence of senior officers of the Company, Director of Mines Safety, senior leaders of the
Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 7-11
E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion) trade union and State authorities. The basic role of Disaster Management committee will be handling of the situation that is, planning the strategy to deal with the situation, giving necessary guidance to conduct the rescue and recovery operation. The DMC will also be dealing VIPs and public relations in addition to other support activities to deal with the situation. The authorized persons involved in disaster management plan are immediately required to take up the allotted positions and start playing assigned roles. For this purpose Mock rehearsals will be conducted regularly. Further the safety gadgets/materials required in case of emergency are listed and stock of such materials in adequate quantities is kept at central locations near to the mines. 7.2.2.2 Disaster Management Plan (Mitigative Measures): There are three phases in dealing with a disaster, namely: · The first is information stage-when information is sent to various agencies; · The second is assessment stage – when the effects of the disaster, the resources required to mitigate the consequence, and the manner of conducting rescue, recovery and rehabilitation is assessed; and · The third is action stage – when action is started. 7.2.2.2.1 Information Stage: Any person employed in a mine observes / discovers any dangerous incident; he shall immediately inform to the Manway Clerk (Attendance Clerk) or the nearest official(s) available who shall inform to the Manway Clerk and Manager or Senior Officials in his absence. The Manway Clerk shall immediately inform the Manager or Senior Mine Official in his absence, inform the rescue station and collect information regarding place of accident / occurrence, number of persons involved and nature of help required. He should record the above information with name of the person who informed and the exact time and pass on the same to the manager. He should not leave the place for any purpose what so ever. The Manager shall inform the Project Officer, General Manager and Nodal Officer to initiate DMP and also rush to the spot / mine if he is at out of project premises. Personally assess the gravity of situation by contacting the frontline supervisors / witness available or through wireless set. Nodal Officer shall rush to the mine and inform: Chief GM (Safety), All Directors, SO to C&MD, DGMS Authorities, District Magistrate and Collector, Supdt. of Police, Mine / Area Level Representative and recognized Union Delegates, Local Dispensary, Chief Medical Officer and All Area Departmental Heads. 7.2.2.2.2 Assessment Stage: The role and functions of following persons will be envisaged in the detailed DMP available during operation. 1. Role of Over man and Foreman 2. Role of Manager, Project Officer and Area General Manager 3. Role of in-charge at operations or at place accident. 4. Function of Core Committees 5. Function of Support Committees 6. Functions of Surface Control Room Supporting Committees: The composition, functions, infrastructure required for core and supporting committees, etc. will be envisaged in the detailed DMP available during operation. 1. Public Relations Committee 2. Catering Committee
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E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
3. Medical Committee 4. Men and Material Management Committee 5. Transport Committee 6. Survey Committee 7. Casualty Committee 8. Security Committee 9. Cash Committee 10. Accommodation Committee. 7.2.2.2.3 Action Stage: Action stage deals with the functions of Disaster Management Committee (DMC) and duties of following personnel. 1. Director, DMP 2. Area General Manager 3. CGM (Safety) 4. CGM/GM (E&M) 5. GM (Personnel) The Disaster Management Plan for proposed JVR OC Mine(I &II Expansion) is enclosed as Figure No. 7.1. 7.3 RISK ASSESSMENT AND DISASTER PREPAREDNESS AND MANAGEMENT PLAN OF COAL WASHERY 7.3.1 Risk Management Plan for Coal Washery: 7.3.1.1 Probable hazards Based on risk assessment process, following are the major activities/hazards identified, which may cause risks/accidents/incidents in opencast project. 1. Fall of persons from heights 2. Movement of vehicles 3. Electricity 4. Fall of objects. 5. Loading, unloading and handling of heavy objects 6. Belt conveyors etc. 7. Welding 8. Fires 7.3.1.2 Precautions to be taken Based on the Risk Management process, the recommended controls and precautions to be taken at the project for the identified hazards to prevent accidents are as follows: · To allocate sufficient resources to maintain safe and healthy conditions at work;
· To take steps to ensure that all known safety factors are taken into account in the design, construction, operation and maintenance of plants, machinery and equipment; · To ensure that adequate safety instructions are given to all employees;
· To provide wherever necessary protective equipment, safety appliances and clothing, and to ensure their proper use; · To inform employees about materials, equipment or processes used in their work which are known to be potentially hazardous to health or safety; · To keep all operations and methods of work under regular review for making necessary changes from the point of view of safety in the light of experience and up to date knowledge;
Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 7-13
E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
· To provide appropriate facilities for first aid and prompt treatment of injuries and illness at work; · To provide appropriate instructions, training, refresher programmes and supervision to employees in health and safety, first aid and to ensure that adequate publicity is given to these matters; · To ensure proper implementation of fire prevention methods and an appropriate fire fighting service together with training facilities for personnel involved in this service; · Scientific study for OB dump stability and pit slope stability at JVR OC-II Project is awarded to National Institute of Karnataka, Surathkal. 7.4 DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR COAL WASHERY 7.4.1 Objectives of Disaster Management Plan (DMP) The Disaster Management Plan is aimed to ensure safety of life, protection of environment, protection of installations, restoration of production and salvage operations in this same order of priorities. For effective implementation of the Disaster Management Plan, it will be widely circulated and personnel training given through rehearsals/drills. The Disaster Management Plan would reflect the probable, consequences of the undesired event due to deteriorating conditions or through ‘Knock on’ effects. Further the management should be able to demonstrate that their assessment of the consequences uses good supporting evidence and is based on currently available and reliable information, incident data from internal and external sources and if necessary the reports of outside agencies. To tackle the consequences of a major emergency inside the factory or immediate vicinity of the factory, a Disaster Management Plan has to be formulated and this in document is called “Disaster Management Plan”. The objective of the Industrial Disaster Management Plan is to make use of the combined resources of the plant and the outside services to achieve the following: 7.4.2 Emergencies The emergencies that could be envisaged in the plant are as follows · Slow isolated fires in coal storage area; · Structural failures; · Sabotage/Social disorder 7.4.2.1 Emergency organization Cell It is recommended to setup an Emergency organization cell. A senior executive who has control over the affairs of the plant would be heading the Emergency cell. As per the General Organization chart, would be designated as the Incident Controller. Each Incident Controller, for him organizes a team responsible for controlling the incidence with the personnel under his control. Shift In charge would be the reporting officer, who would bring the incidence to the notice of the Incidence Controller. Emergency Coordinators would be appointed who would undertake the responsibilities like fire fighting, rescue, rehabilitation, transport and provide essential and support services. For this purposes, Security In charge and Personnel Department would be engaged. All these personnel would be designated as Key personnel. In each shift, electrical supervisor, electrical fitters, pump house in charge, and other maintenance staff would be drafted for emergency operations. In the event of power or communication system failure, some of the staff members in the office/plant offices would be drafted and their services would be utilized as messengers for quick passing of communications. All these personnel would be declared as essential personnel.
Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 7-14
E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
7.4.2.2 Emergency Communication Whoever notices an emergency situation, such as fire, would inform his immediate superior and Emergency Control Centre. The person on duty in the Emergency Control Centre would appraise the incident Controller. Incident Controller verifies the situation from the Shift In-charge and takes a decision about an impending On Site Emergency. This would be communicated to the emergency warning system which would be activated on the instructions of the Incident Controller. 7.4.2.2.1 Incident Controller · Assembles the incident control team; · Directs operations within the affected areas with the priorities for safety to personnel, minimize damage to the plant, property and environment and minimize the loss of materials; · Directs the shutting down and evacuation of plant and areas likely to be adversely affected by the emergency; · Provides tools and safety equipment to the team members; · Keeps in touch with the team and advise them regarding the method of control to be used; 7.4.2.2.2 Emergency Coordinator - Fire Fighting · Ensure fire pumps in operating conditions and instructs pump house operator to ready for any emergency with standby arrangement; · Guides the fire fighting crew i.e. firemen, trained plant personnel and security staff; · Organizes shifting the fire fighting facilities to the emergency site, if required; · Directs the security staff to the incident site to take part in the emergency operations under his guidance and supervision; 7.4.2.2.3 Emergency Coordinator-Medical, Mutual Aid In the event of failure of electric supply and thereby internal telephones, sets up communication point and establishes contact with the Emergency Control Centre (ECC); Organizes medical treatment to the injured and if necessary will shift the injured to nearby hospitals; Makes sure that all safety equipments are made available to the emergency team; 7.4.2.2.4 General Responsibilities of Employees during an Emergency During an emergency, especially it becomes more enhanced and pronounced when an emergency warning is raised, the workers if they are In-charge of process equipment should adopt safe and emergency shut down and attend any prescribed duty as essential employee. If no such responsibilities are assigned, he should adopt a safe course to assembly point and await instructions. He should not resort to spread panic. On the other hand, he must assist emergency personnel towards objectives of DMP. 7.4.2.3 Emergency Control Center (ECC) As an emergency measure the Office Block is identified as Emergency Control Center. It would have external Telephone, Fax, Telex facility and public address megaphone, hand bell, telephone directories etc. All the Site Controller/Incident Control Officers, Senior Personnel would be located here. Also, it would be an elevated place. 7.4.2.4 Assembly Point Locations of assembly points, depending upon the plant layout and location would be identified wherein employees who are not directly connected with the disaster management would be assembled for safety and rescue. Emergency breathing apparatus, first aid and minimum facilities like water etc. would be organized.
Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 7-15
E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
7.4.2.5 Emergency Power Supply Plant facilities would be connected to Diesel Generator and would be placed in auto mode. Thus water pumps, plants lighting and emergency control centre, Administrative building and other auxiliary services need to be connected to emergency power supply. In all the blocks flame proof type emergency lamps would be provided. 7.4.2.6 Fire Fighting Facilities First Aid, Fire fighting equipments suitable for emergency should be maintained in coal storage and reject area. This would be as per statutory requirements as per TAC Regulations. However, fire hydrant line covering major areas would be laid. Fire alarms would be located in the bulk storage areas. 7.4.2.7 Ambulance An ambulance with driver shall be available in all the shifts. Emergency shift vehicle would be ensured and maintained to transport the injured or affected persons. A Number of persons would be trained in first aid so that, in every shift first aid personnel would be available. 7.4.2.8 All Clear Signal At the end of an emergency, after discussing with Incident Controllers and Emergency Co-ordinators, the Incident Controller orders an all clear signal. When it becomes essential, the Incident Controller communicates to the District Emergency Authority, Police, Fire Service personnel regarding help required or development of the situation into an Off-Site Emergency. 7.4.3 Occupational Health and Safety Occupational Health Occupational health needs attention both during construction & erection and operation & maintenance phases. However, the problem varies both in magnitude and variety in the above phases. The occupational health problems envisaged at this stage can mainly be due to constructional accident and noise. Operation and Maintenance The problem of occupational health, in the operation and maintenance phase is due to Respirable dust and noise. With suitable engineering controls the exposures can be reduced to less than TLV limits and proper personnel protective devices should be given to employees. The working personnel should be given the following appropriate personnel protective devices. Industrial Safety Equipments: · Crash Helmets · Zero power goggles with cut type filters on both sides and blue colour glasses · Chemical goggles · Welders protective equipment for eye & face protection · Cylindrical type earplug · Ear muffs · Dust masks · Canister Gas mask · Self-contained breathing apparatus · Leather apron · Aluminized fiber glass fix proximity suit with hood and gloves · Leather hand gloves
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E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
· Asbestos hand gloves · Acid/Alkali proof rubberized hand gloves · Canvas cum leather hand gloves with leather palm · Electrically tested electrical resistance hand gloves · Industrial safety shoes with steel toe · Rubber boots (alkali resistant) · Electrical safety shoes without steel toe and gum boots Full-fledged hospital facilities should be made available round the clock for attending emergency arising out of accidents, if any. All working personnel should be medically examined at least once in every year and at the end of his term of employment. This is in addition to the pre-employment medical examination.
7.5 ISSUES RAISED IN THE PUBLIC CONSULTATION ALONG WITH ACTION PLAN AND COMMITMENT OF THE PROJECT PROPONENT The environmental public hearing for the Jalagam Vengala Rao Opencast Mine (I&II Expansion) including intergrated coal washery was conducted on 14.02.2020 by 12.00 noon in the premises of JVR Government College, Sathupalli (V&M) Khammam district, Telangana State The press notification indicating the date and venue of the Public hearing was published by Environmental Engineer, T.S. Pollution Control Board, Regional Office, Kothagudem on 11.01.2020 in the prominent news papers namely Eenadu Telugu Daily News paper and The Hindu English News paper (The copies of the PH Notification in Telugu and English Daily is enclosed as Annexure 7A , Minutes of Public Hearing are enclosed as Annexure 7B) with project details inviting suggestions, views, comments and objections from the public regarding the proposed Jalagam Vengala Rao Opencast Mine (I&II Expansion) including intergrated coal washery. Public hearing meeting was convened by Sri V. Ravi Shankar, Environmental Engineer, T.S. Pollution Control Board, Regional Office, Kothagudem and Chaired by Sri N. Madhusudan, IAS, and Additional Collector Khammam District. The meeting was initiated by Sri V. Ravi Shankar, Environmental Engineer, and TSPCB and while welcoming the public and the Chairperson, explained briefly the salient features of the Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India’s EIA Notification No. S.O. 1533 (E) dated 14th September 2006 and proposed expansion project Jalagam Vengala Rao Opencast Mine (I&II Expansion) including intergrated coal washery and requested Collector, to preside over the public hearing process. The Collector Khammam District welcomed the gathering and presided over the proceedings. He has explained briefly about the environmental public hearing process. Then he has requested the management of The Singareni Collieries Company Ltd., to explain in detail the salient features of the Project and its Summary EIA/EMP report. Sri CH. Narasimha Rao, General Manager, SCCL, Kothagudem area explained the salient features of the project and power point presentation was given by representative of EIA Consultant on various environment protection measures. Then Collector requested the public to represent their views and their suggestion if any, specifically regarding the environmental aspects of the Jalagam Vengala Rao Opencast Mine (I&II Expansion) including intergrated coal washery The responds from nearby residents, representatives of NGO’s, MLA, Sarpanch, Gram panchayat members, Local leaders etc. have expressed their view and opinion in the public hearing. Major issues of environmental concerns that emerged during the Public hearing process are development of surrounding areas, infrastructure facilities employment of local, compensations for land, education and health, effects of air, noise, water, and road repairs etc.
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E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
Gist of the Issues raised in the public consultation along with action plan (time lines) and monetary provisions by the project proponent is mentioned below in Table No. 7.1. The reply of project proponent for PH minutes is enclosed as Annexure-7C. Statement of written representations is furnished as Annexure -7D. Table No. 7.2. Issues raised during PH along with action plan and monetary provision Monetary S. Time provision Issues raised Commitment No. line in Rs. lakhs 1. Requested the Air pollution control measures like management to take mist spraying at CHP, water spraying necessary measures to along the haul roads, plantation, control air pollution in ensuring covering of trucks with this area and to protect tarpaulin, etc. are being environment. implemented. Further, environmental monitoring is being taken up through EPTRI which is a government organization. It is also proposed to transport coal by rail mode from the mine to RCHP within 2 years. 2 Requested to control SCCL is taking up various mitigation Every 887.00 surface water pollution measures in order to minimize the Year and Stated that pollution due to mining operations. Jeenugupalli water tank Quality of surface water is being and other nearby tanks monitored regularly and PH values are polluted due to mine are within the limits. water discharge and Occasionally, slaked lime is being informed that the water mixed in the let out water to increase shall be tested for pH the pH value if the pH values are and suitable measures found low. shall be taken. However, it is proposed to acquire the Jeenugupalli tank in the expansion project for which another tank will be created as a substitute. 3. Requested to take Controlled blasting with nonels is proper steps to prevent being carried out as per the DGMS effect of blast vibrations permissions to limit the PPV within on dwellings of nearby the permissible limits. areas and latest Muffled blasting is being carried out technology shall be whenever the workings are in close - - used to combat sound proximity to any dwellings. pollution due to blasting Regular monitoring is being carried operations. out by recording the blast induced ground vibrations in terms of Peak Particle Velocity (PPV), which are well below the permissible limits.
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E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
Monetary S. Time provision Issues raised Commitment No. line in Rs. lakhs 4. Stated that CSR and An amount of Rs.9.10 Crores was DMFT funds should be spent on various development works spent for development like laying of roads, construction of of surrounding villages drains, sanitation, education, drinking As per Every of the project only. water supply, etc., in Sathupalli and Requirem Year surrounding villages as part of CSR. ent An amount of Rs.84.31 crores has been deposited under DMFT with the district authorities. 5. Requested SCCL to SCCL has developed around 5 km of Every 5.0 develop thick plantation avenue plantation in Sathupalli, Year and to distribute fruit Kistaram and Rejarla villages. In bearing plants to nearby addition to this, fruit being plants were villagers and to take also distributed freely to the steps for their survival. surrounding villagers. SCCL will continue plantation activities and distribution of fruit bearing plants. 6. Requested to provide About 746 jobs in off loading and Every 3.00 employment to local other contractual operations were Year unemployed youth in the provided and further Skill contractual operations. development programmes will be conducted to improve the job opportunities for unemployed local youth. With the proposed expansion and establishment of coal washery further 200-300 jobs will be created and local unemployed youth will get more opportunity. 7. Requested SCCL to An amount of Rs.81.60 Lakhs was provide school in the spent for developing education area. infrastructure in the existing schools As per under CSR activities. SCCL will Every Requirem continue to extend necessary Year ent cooperation for development of education infrastructure as per the requirement. 8. Requested to provide Regular Medical Camps are being medical facilities and to conducted in the surrounding villages. construct hospital in the So far about 27,482 persons were area. treated and SCCL has spent an Once in amount of Rs. 40.00 Lakhs for every 2.00 conducting these medical camps. quarter SCCL will continue to conduct medical camps in future also and offer necessary medical aid to the nearby villages. 9. Requested for de- An amount of Rs.50 lakhs has been As per siltation and spent for de-silting of Kistaram and the 200.00 beautification of nearby Rejerla tanks of Sathupalli. However, require
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E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
Monetary S. Time provision Issues raised Commitment No. line in Rs. lakhs tanks in Sathupalli de-silting of nearby tanks will be ment surroundings. continued in future also. 10 Requested for water Water sprinkling with mobile water sprinkling on roads for tankers is being carried out dust suppression. throughout the year on coal Every transportation roads near ML 10.00 Year boundary area and CC roads of villages in downwind direction.
11. Requested SCCL to SCCL will establish 13 RO Plants in provide purified drinking and around Sathupalli town. 1-3 117.00 water in the surrounding years Villages. 12. Requested to repair the Repair works will be taken up as per V.M.Banjara-Sathupalli the request. road as the roads are 1-3 damaged due to plying 900.10 years of coal transport lorries. Also requested to take up Y-Junction widening.
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Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 7-20
E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment/Environmental Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
CHAPTER - 8 PROJECT BENEFITS
8.1 IMPROVEMENT IN PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE This project is located in the Kommepalli Villages near Sathupalli town and Mandal Khammam District of Telangana State. The following physical infrastructure facilities will be further improved due to this proposed project. · Road Transport facilities · Communications · Housing facilities · Water supply and sanitation · Power · Medical, Educational and social benefits will be made available to the nearby civilian population in addition to the workmen employed in the project. 8.2 IMPROVEMENT IN SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE Coal mining and agriculture is the basic sector of employment for the local people in this area. This project leads to indirect employment opportunity. Employment is expected during civil construction period, in trade, garbage lifting, sanitation and other ancillary services, Employment in these sectors is primarily temporary or contractual and involvement of unskilled labour is more. A major part of this labour force is mainly from local villagers who are expected to engage themselves both in agriculture and project activities. This will enhance their income and lead to overall economic growth of the area. The following changes in socio-economic status are expected to take place with this project. · The project is having a strong positive employment and income effect, both direct as well as indirect. Migrant - non-migrant ratio will shift towards migrant side because a number of people will migrate towards the central region of study circle in the years to come. This will happen because of better indirect employment opportunities due to this project. · The project is going to have positive impact on consumption behaviour by way of raising average consumption and income through multiplier effect. · The project is going to bring about changes in the pattern of demand from food to non-food items and sufficient income is generated. · People perceive that the project will help in the development of social infrastructures / such as. o Education facilities o Banking facilities o Post offices and Communication facilities o Medical facilities o Recreation facilities o Business establishments & Community facilities o Plantation and parks 8.3 TRADE AND COMMERCE The area is mainly known for its rich depositions of coal. Besides coal, agricultural products are the major resources for trading. The main agricultural crops grown in this area are paddy, jowar, maize, green gram, black gram, soya bean sugar cane and chillies. Commercial crops are cotton, sunflower, turmeric and wheat. Important Horticulture crops are Mango, Banana, and Orange etc.
Prepared EPTRI, Hyderabad 8-1
E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment/Environmental Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
8.4 OTHER TANGIBLE BENEFITS The proposed Jalagam Vengala Rao Opencast Mine (I&II Expansion) is likely to have other tangible benefits as given below. · Direct and Indirect employment opportunities to local and surrounding village people in OB off-loading contractual works and coal transport will increase. · Indirect employment opportunities to local people in contractual works like housing construction, transportation, sanitation, for supply of goods and services to the project and other community services. · Additional housing demand for rental accommodation will increase. · Market and business establishment facilities will also increase. · Cultural, recreation and aesthetic facilities will also improve. · Improvement in communication, transport, education, community development and medical facilities. · Overall change in employment and income opportunity. · The State Government will also benefit directly from the proposed project, through increased revenue from royalties, excise duty and etc. 8.5 COAL WASHERY BENEFITS The project will improve the socio-economic status of the society in the region by generating direct and indirect employment opportunities. The project will contribute additional revenue to the state ¢ral exchequers in the form of taxes, cess, etc. Direct and Indirect Employment opportunities to the local people will increase. The anticipated impacts of the project are explained below: · Human settlement is expected to increase after this project gets operational. · In the long term, the project will have impact on the population growth due to migration of people from outside area. Indirect employment opportunities will also add to this. · The literacy level of the project area is likely to increase as there will be influx of many educated people taking up jobs in the project, which is likely to result in establishment of better educational facilities. · The impact of the project on the civic amenities will be minimal. Various initiatives to be planned in the project area will result in improvement / up-gradation of civil amenities. · The project related construction activities will benefit the local populace in a number of ways such as supply of construction labourers – skilled, semi-skilled and un-skilled, tertiary sector employment and provision of goods and services for daily needs including transport. · The proposed project will provide employment to the skilled as well as un-skilled persons. The local population will be given preference depending upon their suitability to the job requirement. Besides direct employment, indirect employment opportunities will also open up. The project will have positive impact in the region. Quality of life of the people will further improve, which in-turn will improve the socio-economic conditions of the area. · Major benefit of coal washery is reducing the cost of transportation of raw coal which includes waste involving stones, shales. During the process of coal washery all the waste from raw coal will be removed by increasing the coal quality in the form of high Kcal value as well as reduce the ash content. This will also result in reduction of particular matter emissions. * * * *
Prepared EPTRI, Hyderabad 8-2
E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment/Environmental Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
CHAPTER - 9 ENVIRONMENTAL COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS
The Terms of Reference issued by MoEF&CC stipulates preparation of EIA/EMP Document based on the generic structure specified in Appendix III of the EIA Notification 2006. The Appendix III of the EIA Notification 2006 stipulates preparation of the Environmental Cost Benefit Analysis only if the same is recommended at the Scoping Stage. As MoEF&CC has not recommended Environmental Cost benefit Analysis for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion) at the Scoping Stage, the same has not been carried out.
Prepared EPTRI, Hyderabad 9-1
E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
CHAPTER - 10 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 10. INTRODUCTION In order to mitigate the anticipated impacts of the coal mining in the project area, delineation and implementation of a proper Environment Management Plan (EMP) is very important. The aim and the objective of the EMP is protection of environment by adoption of inbuilt pollution abatement facilities at the proposed site. The EMP should not only consider the general good practice measures but should also consider the site and Project Specific Measures to mitigate the anticipated impacts. The main aim of the suggested EMP should be confinement of the pollution at the source itself. The details of the anticipated impacts and mitigative measures have already been provided in Chapter-4 of the EIA/EMP document. As per the generic structure of the document provided in Appendix –III of the EIA notification 2006, this chapter discusses the administrative aspects of ensuring that the mitigation measures are implemented and monitoring of its effectiveness. Considering the above and the anticipated impacts of the proposed Project on the Base Line Environment, the relevant administrative aspects of the Environment Management Plan has been prepared and presented in this chapter.
10.1. ANTICIPATED POTENTIAL IMPACTS AND SUGGESTED MITIGATION MEASURES 10.1.1. Summary of Anticipated Impacts & Mitigate measures at Mine A summary of the anticipated potential impacts & details of the suggested mitigation measures are provided in Table 10.1. Table 10.1 Summary of anticipated impacts and Mitigative measures Suggested mitigation /Management Sources / Activities Anticipated impacts measures A. Planning of New / Expansion Projects 1. Planning Land acquisition, i. Due care has been taken in addressing Forest land all the environmental issues while formulating a project proposal. ii. It is ensured at the planning stage itself that forest lands, fertile agricultural land, habitations, water bodies are avoided for location of dump sites. iii. EIA/EMP has been prepared with proper environmental safeguards along with sufficient fund provision. 2. Topography Change in i. Creation of large water body: The Topography: Due to creation of large water body will make up change in topography losses by augmenting groundwater table the natural drainage ii. Efforts will be made to restore the land pattern will change as per Mine closure Plan. 3. Drainage Reduction in surface i. The increase in groundwater runoff will runoff, increase in be gainfully used in the mining activity ground water runoff and the balance will contribute to the local surface water bodies. B. Air Pollution Control 1. Drilling Emission of i. Wet drilling mechanism will be Particulate matter, adopted. 2. Blasting dust and gaseous i. Blasting in opencast mines will be
Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 10-1 E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
Suggested mitigation /Management Sources / Activities Anticipated impacts measures pollutants i.e., SO2, conducted during favourable weather NOX due to mining conditions using NONELs with proper operations viz. drilling, design of blast hole geometry & optimum blasting, crushing, quantity of explosives. loading and ii. Blast site will be wetted before and transportation of OB, after blasting. 3. HEMM CHP and movement i. Regular maintenance of all diesel of HEMM operated HEMMs will be done as per the manufacturer’s schedule for effective control of exhaust emissions. 4. Haul Roads i. All service roads will be metalled and well maintained. ii. All haul roads and service roads will be regularly sprayed with water. iii. Plantation will be done alongside the haul and service roads. 5. Over Burden i. Completed dumps will be subjected to technical and biological reclamation. ii. Plantation will be done on OB dumps to ensure stability of slopes and prevention of dust generation. 6. Coal Handling i. Proper dust suppression measures will be taken. 7. Coal Transport i. Wherever feasible, transportation outside the ML area will be by rail/conveyor system after commissioning of railway line. ii. The width of transportation road will be designed in such a way that no vehicle shall ply on the unpaved road. iii. Coal transport trucks will be optimally loaded and covered with tarpaulin for preventing spillage. C. Water Pollution Control 1. Surface Discharge of mine i. Garland drains will be made around runoff during rains to quarry and OB dumps to collect runoff surface water water and siltation points of sufficient size channels. shall be provided for collection of silt. Wash off from waste ii. OB dump run off will be de-silted dumps and coal stock through settling tanks before discharge piles during rainy into natural streams. Contour drains to be season constructed along the slopes of OB dumps. iii. Toe walls will be constructed around the OB dump with boulders collected from OB material. iv. A berm with dimensions of not less than 2 m height and 2 m width at the top will be made in trapezium shape all along the edge of each deck to prevent erosion of dumps and gully formation. v. The terrace will be kept free of
Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 10-2 E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
Suggested mitigation /Management Sources / Activities Anticipated impacts measures obstructions (OB heaps), sloped inbye and maintained with uniform gradient for free flow of water in order to avoid accumulation of water leading to gully formation and dump slides. 2. Mine Water Excess mine water i. Excess Mine water will be routed through settling ponds before discharging in to natural streams leading to nearby tanks. 3. Workshop and Contamination due to i. Effluent discharged from workshops CHP discharge of waste will be treated in an Effluent Treatment water generated from Plant (ETP) containing an oil / grease trap workshop and CHP. and sedimentation tank. The treated water is to be stored and reused in the workshop and also for plantation. ii. ETP will `be constructed for treating CHP effluents and adoption of closed water circuit in CHP will be adopted to ensure zero discharge. 4. Domestic Effluent Waste water i. In office buildings / housing complexes discharge from office septic tanks and soak pits to be provided. building etc. ii. In township, complete sewerage system including sewage treatment facilities will be adopted. 5. Hazardous and Oil spillage from i. Hazardous wastes like used oil with Bio-medical wastes maintenance work barrels, waste oil with barrels, used shops, Hazardous and transformer oil with barrels, scrapped Bio medical waste batteries, iron scrap, copper cables, scrapped cap lamp accumulators, empty oil and grease drums will be handled and disposed off in accordance with the procedure laid down in HWM Rules, 2016. ii. Used oil, spent oil, batteries and copper cables shall be disposed off to the recyclers having valid registration from CPCB/TSPCB for recycling or recovery, whereas the empty oil and grease barrels will be detoxified prior to their disposal to outside agencies. 6. Water Regime Mining involves Regular monitoring of water levels and seepage of ground quality of water in existing open well and water in to the quarry borewells will be done to study the and will have impact groundwater in the project area. on ground water regime in the vicinity of mine D. Noise Pollution Control 1. Drilling Noise / Vibration i. Controlled blasting methods with generation due to proper spacing, burden and stemming drilling, blasting, shall be adopted to get optimum results. operation of HEMM, ii. Blast holes should be judiciously
Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 10-3 E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
Suggested mitigation /Management Sources / Activities Anticipated impacts measures coal handling plant charged to control noise and blast (CHP), workshop and vibrations 2. HEMM vehicular movement i. Providing sound proof cabins for the workers deployed on machines producing higher levels of noise like dozers, shovels, dumpers, drills and feeder breakers. ii. The engine exhausts of HEMM to be fitted with mufflers. iii. HEMM will be periodically maintained and operators to be provided with ear mufflers / ear plug. iv. Reducing the exposure time of workers to the higher noise levels shall be practiced. 3. CHP i. Belt drive or roller drive systems will be used instead of gear train system which results in considerable noise reduction. E. Energy / Water conservation measures 1. Electricity Mine area requires i. CFLs and energy efficient appliances electricity for the daily will be used at mines, allied units and activities colony. ii. Efforts will be made for utilization of renewal sources of energy like solar power. 2. Oil Vehicles are used for i. Periodical maintenance of vehicles the transportation of including fine tuning of engines shall be coal done to improve their fuel efficiency. ii. Leakage and spillage of oils during transport and usage will be avoided. 3. Water Consumption of water i. Wastage of water resulting from for the daily activities leakages through distribution pipelines in the mine and for and overflow from overhead tanks will be the greenbelt arrested. development. ii. De-silting of nearby agriculture tanks for rain water harvesting and augmentation of ground water recharge. F. Land Management 1. Top soil Change in land use i. Top soil will be stacked at earmarked pattern due to place and shall be used only in excavation, reclamation of OB dumps. overburden dumps, ii. Top soil will invariably be removed soil extraction etc. • from the site allocated for external Land degradation, soil dumping of OB material, to conserve erosion and visual precious natural resource and also to impacts ensure better stability of dumps. 2. Reclamation i. Reclamation of mined out areas including external OB dumps and back filled areas will be taken up concurrent with progress of mining operations as per the EMP. ii. Native species will be selected for
Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 10-4 E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
Suggested mitigation /Management Sources / Activities Anticipated impacts measures dump plantation in order to achieve better survival rate. iii. The voids left over after cessation of mining operations will be converted in to water bodies. 3. Green Belt i. Extensive plantation will be taken up in Development colonies, vacant lands, and degraded forest lands. ii. Gap plantation will be taken up wherever the survival rate of plants is poor. iii. Avenue plantation will be taken up alongside the roads. 4. Flora and Fauna There are no Efforts will be made for taking up endangered and progressive reclamation in the project endemic species in area with native species so as to merge the study area. with the surrounding forests. No wildlife sanctuary or national park exists in the study area. 5. Occupational / Health problems Dust masks would be provided to the Public Health including respiratory workers to prevent the risk of lung disease due to air and diseases and other respiratory disorders. noise pollution. Earplugs will be provided to all the Health hazards in the operators of HEMM. workplace Regular health checkups including lung function test and audiometry test of workers will be carried out. Training on health and safety will be imparted to all the workers so that they develop habit of using the protective equipment. Regular Medical Camps for villagers, labours, employees & their family members would be organized. Various health awareness and family welfare programmes will be organized for the benefit of the general public in project region. 6. Socio Economic The main occupation Local population will be made aware of the people in the about the proposed project and will be surrounding villages taken in to confidence prior to is agriculture and the implementation of the project As far as proposed Project possible locally available workforce in might deprive them of skilled and unskilled category will be this occupation employed in the project. This will necessitating minimize the impact of unemployment alternate avenues for prevalent and created due to reduced employment for their agricultural activities. The basic livelihood. However, amenities/facilities viz. education, safe
Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 10-5 E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
Suggested mitigation /Management Sources / Activities Anticipated impacts measures the project will create drinking water supply, sanitation, health positive impacts both care will be provided by the project direct on the economy proponent in the nearby villages for the of the region and welfare of the people. Regular generate employment environmental awareness programs potential. would be organized by the project proponent to bring forth the environmental management measures being undertaken and the beneficial aspects of the project for improving their quality of life. G. Environment Monitoring Environmental Environmental i. Monitoring of ambient air quality, Monitoring for pollution in and ground & surface water quality, effluent pollution mitigation around the project discharge quality, noise & blast vibrations, phreatic surface and piezometric surface, HEMM exhaust emissions will be carried out as per the stipulated norms and corrective measures will be taken for mitigation of pollution. Satellite surveillance Change in land use i. Satellite surveillance will be carried out pattern once in three years for change detection analysis in land use / land cover in core and buffer zone of the project. H. Environmental Awareness Environmental i. Environmental awareness Awareness programmes will be conducted in all mining areas to bring awareness among the employees regarding the environmental policy, its objectives and measures to be taken to safeguard the environment. A copy of Environment policy of SCCL approved by Board of Directors is enclosed as Annexure-10A. ii. Awareness programmes will be conducted on energy, oil and water conservation. iii. Awareness will be created in the employees and general public on the ill- effects of plastics usage and educate them to use alternatives. I. Coal washery Air Environment Dust Generation · Bag filters will be installed. · Dust extraction / dry fog type dust suppression system to control dust from the material transfer points. · Regular Water Sprinkling on roads. Noise · Providing noise proof cabins and enclosure at the noise prone areas. Wastewater/Effluents · Zero discharge will be maintained. Management · Settling ponds will be provided.
Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 10-6 E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
Suggested mitigation /Management Sources / Activities Anticipated impacts measures Solid waste · Unsalable Rejects produced from washery are planned to be disposed off in the OB dump /voids of proposed project Indsutrial waste · The used engine oil will be stored in the barrels and sold to the authorised recyclers in the market Socio economic · Indirect employment will be provided to locals. Greenbelt · Green belt will be developed for 33% of the washery area.
Green belt Development Due to mining activity, the forest diversion may lead to destruction of the bio-diversity and lead to disturbance in the overall eco-system equilibrium in the region. Afforestation will be taken up concurrently with the progress of mining operations which helps in restoring and enhancing the vegetative cover in and around the immediate vicinity of the proposed project area. Plantation will be done on vacant project land around the pit, CHP and along the coal transport road. Mixed species and native species will also be planted on overburden dump and technically reclaimed quarry area to ensure enrichment of the flora and fauna of the proposed project site. In order to protect forest area, greenbelt shall be developed around the core zone as well as in the open spaces in the buffer zone to improve the biological environment. The plantation will be the done over the dump yards, around stores, workshops, CHP etc and avenue plantation along roads and nallahs etc. Out of total project area of 1910.09 ha, plantation will be done in phased manner in an area of 1288.86 ha by the end of the project, which includes plantation over the external dump, backfilling, safety zone/others and Infrastructure area etc. The plantation will be undertaken in accordance with the guidelines of Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB). The Green Belt will: · Compensate the loss of vegetation due to setting up of the mine · Prevent the spread of fugitive dust generated due to mining and allied activities · Attenuate noise generated by the mine · Reduce soil erosion · Increase green cover and improve aesthetics In addition to above, green belt shall also be developed in vacant areas, around office buildings, garage, stores etc. along the road sides and on the external dump area. The Plantation/Green Belt Development Programme envisaged for the project is described below: As soon as the Project Operations are taken up, extensive tree plantation shall be done on the mine barriers / boundaries, both side of the approach and haul roads, around workshops, proposed coal dumps, settling tanks, residential areas and other places which will remain free from excavation and other associated mining activities. The density of the plantation shall be 2500 saplings/ha. 10.1.2. Summary of Anticipated Impacts & Mitigate measures at Coal Washery Water spraying arrangement with the help of nozzles will be provided near the truck receiving arrangement, near stack tube for raw coal and discharge drum of washery feeding conveyor to suppress the dust. Dust extraction system consisting of hoods, ducting,
Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 10-7 E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
centrifugal fan, cyclones, screw conveyors, stack will be provided near the screening and crushing house for control of dust generated at this place. Dust extraction/dry fog type dust suppression system will be provided to control dust at transfer points. Regular Water Sprinkling on roads Plant will be operated with close circuit water circulation system so that no effluent is discharged in the open outside the plant boundary. All the process effluent will be collected in the thickener. Settled slurry of the thickener will be dewatered in a multi roll belt press. The dewatered filter cake will be mixed with the rejects. The clarified water from thickener overflow will be re-circulated to the plant for use as process water. Only make-up water requirement will be added in the clarified water tank. Since the plant will be designed with close circuit water system, no treatment of the process waste water will be needed. Emergency settling ponds will be constructed to take care of any unforeseen situation like pipe line jamming or break down of thickener. The clarified water from these ponds will be recycled as process water. Separate rain water harvesting is available in the plant, which will eventually reduce ground water abstraction. Equipment like centrifuge, belt press, high frequency screen as well as thickener will be installed to maximize water recovery from the washing circuit. This will ensure water conservation. Plantation in 33% of the project area is envisaged.
Wastewater/Effluents Management Washery effluent The effluent generated during washing are treated with the help of high rate thickened, belt press and slime ponds so that zero discharge can be achieved. There will not be any solid wastes. Domestic effluent Soak pits will be provided near the administrative building and other buildings for handling the sewerage generated. The leakages in the plant are guided to slime pond where the coal fines will be settled and clean water will be recycled for use in the washery. Solid and liquid waste Management The handpicked stones and unsalable rejects produced from the washery will be accommodated in the OB dumps. Municipal Waste Negligible municipal waste will be generated, which after composing will be used as manure. There will be no domestic wastes as residential buildings are not constructed in the washery premises. Liquid waste The used engine oil will be stored in the barrels and sold to the authorised recyclers in the market. Sewerage System Soak pits will be provided near the administrative building and other buildings for handling sewerage generated. The leakages in the plant are guided to slime pond where the coal fines will be settled and clean water will be recycled for use in the washery. No separate sewerage plant has been provided as the generation of sewerage is very negligible and can be handled by soak pits.
Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 10-8 E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
Corporate Social Responsibility Any developmental activity, like present mining project causes temporary damage to natural resources and induces changes in the quality of environment of the area. Hence, it has a direct effect on mining, on social development and progress of the region. Mining generates considerable direct employment along with related secondary and tertiary employment opportunities. Communication, education and health care facilities improve, and as a result, there is improvement in literacy and economic levels of the region. Thus, there is a paradox, on one hand environment may get affected, on the other economy and living standards improve. For overall gain, it is necessary to strike a balance between the two aspects of economy and ecology and ensure that impact on environment is minimized with improvement in socioeconomic conditions. This is better achieved through a well-planned approach relevant to the area under consideration. Beneficiaries/ Target Groups · Children at the age group 0 to 6; · Pregnant women and lactating mothers; · Adolescent/youths between age groups of 11 to 18 years; · Women and their existing groups and new groups to be formed ; · Unemployed youths between age group of 18 to 35 years; · Small and marginal farmers and forest dependent communities; · Apart from the above benefits, project would have significant requirement for masons, plumbers, electricians, carpenters, fitters, welders, security personnel, other miscellaneous services in canteen, plantation, drivers, housekeeping etc. To achieve the rated production of 10.00 MTPA, average daily attendance required for the proposed Expansion is estimated to be 423. After considering absenteeism towards authorized leave, sick etc., the men on roll (Direct employment) for the project will be 506 excluding Area level. Contractor manpower (In-Direct employment) will be around 800 man shifts per day. SCCL has designed a Corporate Social Responsibility Programme in the form of various social and economic development activities. Care will be taken to provide necessary aid for women, children, and unemployed youths, weaker and vulnerable groups. CSR plan takes into account the community expressed needs as derived from Baseline Survey, Focus Group Discussion, Key Informant Interview of the villages under study. The CSR activities covers health, drinking water, education, community infrastructure, entrepreneurship development, agriculture, animal husbandry, social forestry, modular and non modular employable skills, water conservation, recycling and reuse of water, sanitation etc.
10.2. EMP IMPLEMENTATION, INSPECTION AND MONITORING Environmental monitoring is critical to understanding whether the quality of our environment is getting better or worse. Information gathered through environmental monitoring is important to many decision makers, outside and inside the organization. INSPECTIONS Site inspections to verify compliance with the EMP, Environmental Clearance conditions, conditions imposed in Forest clearance, Ground water clearance, Consent for Establishment and other environmental performance requirements will be undertaken and documented for the construction and operational phases. Site inspection checklists will be developed for the construction and operational phases. Where inspections determine that the existing measures are not effective, corrective and preventative measures will be implemented.
Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 10-9 E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
MONITORING Environmental monitoring programs will be developed for the construction and operational phases of the project. These monitoring programs will address the conditions imposed in clearances, commitments given in the EMP and cover areas such as Air, Water, Land, Flora and Fauna, Noise and Socio-Economics. The monitoring programs will set out the monitoring objectives, parameters, criteria, location, frequency, and procedure, recording, reporting and corrective action. Monitoring activities will be conducted by a person who is suitably trained and qualified. Monitoring will be carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines. Monitoring equipment will be maintained and calibrated in accordance with manufacturers’ instructions to ensure reliability of equipment and data. The results of the monitoring programs will be interpreted and reviewed regularly. Results will be reported to relevant authorities within agreed timeframes as determined in approval conditions. It has been evaluated that the study area has not been affected adversely with the proposed activity and likely to get new economic fillip, not only for the study area but also for the region as a whole. Environmental management for the proposed mining activity is being discussed in two phases. It is evident from the earlier discussions that the majority of the environmental impact pertains to the operational phase. Even though reversible in nature - all the impacts will be visible only during operational phase. It is planned to take corrective measures to ensure that these effects are kept to bare minimum. The EMP will therefore be initiated during planning stage itself. Second stage of the EMP will be taken up during the operational phase. Those will ensure that impacts during operation of the facility are kept to the barest minimum. Implementation of EMP and periodic monitoring is proposed to be carried out at (a) Project Level and (b) Area Level for a group of mines including allied activities like central coal handling plant, central mining colony, workshop, sewage treatment plant which will be common to the mining area.
10.3. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE (EMC) The EMC will look after all the environment - related activities in the Area. Further, an EMC would be constituted at the project level which is responsible for implementation of Environmental clearance conditions, approved EMP, regular environmental quality monitoring, proper running of effluent treatment plant and liaison with regulatory bodies like TSPCB and MoEF&CC. The committee is headed by Project Officer / Manager and is assisted by supporting staff and workmen. Project level environmental protection measures like OB dump management, dust suppression, treatment and re-use of waste water, plantation, and noise control in mine premises and also housekeeping will be looked after by the project level management. On the other hand, for implementation of area level protection measures in respect of mine water and mining colony effluent treatment, dust suppression at mine, plantation and green belt development over the vacant areas, environmental quality monitoring etc., will be taken up by different disciplines of the company like Civil, Hydrogeology, Forestry and Environment department etc. Co-ordination between various disciplines, periodic monitoring of various environment protection measures will be done by a senior executive who reports directly to the area General Manager. He will be assisted by Environmental Officer who is oriented towards and versed with various aspects of environmental pollution and control in mining areas. Further, an Environmental Audit Cell has been formulated at the area level comprising of SO to GM, Area Engineer, Area civil Engineer, Area Environmental officer as members to ensure the implementation of Environmental Clearance conditions.Corporate Environment
Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 10-10 E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
Department will periodically monitor the project for ensuring the compliance of Environmental legislation and implementation of MoEF&CC approved EMP including environmental clearance conditions scrupulously. The Proposed Environmental Management Committee shall be as under:
Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 10-11 E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
EMC Implementation Cell
General Manager (Area)
Project Staff officer Area Area Area Area Regional Area Area Project Officer to GM Finance Environmen Forestry Civil Hydroge Survey Estate Engineer tal officer officer Engineer ologist Officer officer
Functions of Environmental Management Committee: · To integrate environmental factors into business decisions. · To monitor compliance of environmental regulations. · Continual improvement in environmental performance. · To follow proper documentation and monitoring procedures, for developing better environmental management systems at the mine. · To ensure systematic and routine housekeeping to reduce generation of pollutants inside the mine. · To develop and maintain green belt at mine premises, township and vacant land within project premises. · To keep up with regulatory requirements and arrange for the necessary certificates or consents viz., air and water. · To conduct yearly environmental monitoring and submit the statement to TSPCB. · To monitor concurrent reclamation works in the project. · Evaluating compliance with environmental regulations. · Promptly identifying problems.
Corporate Level: General Manager (Environment) and the team of Officers from Corporate Environment Department will periodically inspect the projects for monitoring the implementation of EMP, EC conditions, CFE & CFO conditions and status of environment in and around the project and give necessary guidelines to the project authorities. Corporate Environment Department will report the compliance from time to time to the Directors concerned.
EPTRI, Hyderabad 10-12
E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
10.3.1. Hierarchical system of the company to deal with environmental issues and for ensuring compliance with EC conditions Project Officer / Agent, in-charge of the Opencast Project is responsible for implementation of the approved EMP and various conditions of EC, FC and CFE / CFO. Area Environmental Officer assists the Project Officer / Agent in ensuring the compliance of conditions. Area General Manager is responsible for compliance of Environmental laws in the mines / units under his jurisdiction. General Manager (Environment) monitors the compliance of environmental norms in all the areas of SCCL. General Manager (Corporate Planning & Projects) will be reviewing the environmental issues for ensuring compliance of norms / conditions. Director (Planning & Projects) and Director (Operations), who are the members of the SCCL Board review the compliance of environmental legislation at Company level.
10.3.2. System of reporting non-compliances / violations of environmental norms to the Board of Directors and / or Shareholders or Stakeholders EMC will monitor the implementation of environmental norms / conditions and reports any deviations to the concerned Project Officer. The Project Officer will take suitable corrective measures with the guidance of Area Environmental Officer. The non-compliances, if any, which require the intervention of higher authorities will be brought to the notice of Area General Manager. The Area General Managers will inform the deviations / non-compliances to Corporate Environment Department and concerned Functional Director. Corporate Environment Department is headed by General Manager (Environment) who works directly under GM (CP&P) who in turn reports to Director (Planning & Projects). Regular review meetings will be conducted by Director (Planning & Projects) for reviewing the compliance of EC / FC / CFE / CFO conditions. In addition to the above, General Manager (Environment) will periodically apprise non- compliance of EC conditions to GM (CP&P) and Director (Planning & Projects) & Director (Operations), members of the SCCL Board, who in turn apprise the Chairman & Managing Director and Board of the company.
10.4. Estimation of the Capital and Recurring Expenditure towards Environment Protection The implementation of the suggested Environment Protection Measures shall involve Capital & Recurring Expenditure. As the implementation of the protection measures shall be a continuous process during the life of the mine, the capital expenditure shall not be required in one go. It would be required in phases. The Recurring Expenditure shall be regularly required on annual basis. The fund provision made towards capital cost and revenue costs for implementation and monitoring of Environment Management Plan in the JVR OC Mine (I&II expansion) is given in Table Nos. 10.2, 10.3, respectively along with year - wise phasing of expenditure. Environment Cost: 1. Capital Cost Rs. 7.49 Crores: 2. Revenue Cost Rs. 8.87 per tonne Separate fund provision is made for construction of ETPs and STP.
EPTRI, Hyderabad 10-13 E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
The details of the estimated Recurring Expenditure towards implementation of the Pollution Control Measures are provided in Table No. 10.5 Table 10.2 Environmental Related cost for Mine –Direct S.No. Item Total Phasing in years (Rs. capital Lakhs) Year-1 Year-2 A Pollution Abatement and Monitoring 1 Pollution Abatement 20 10.00 10.00 2 Pollution monitoring Facilities 20 10 10 3 Env. Base Data Generation & preparation of 20.00 20.00 EMP 4 Public Hearing, CFE fees and other status 25 clearances 5 Green belt development around quarry, 40 20 20 service building , service building etc and over the Reclaimed area and OB dumps 6 Construction of engineering structures on OB 20.0 10 10 dumps slopes & Bio-reclamation 7 Construction of Toe walls, Rock Filled dams 20 10 10 8 Scientific studies and miscellaneous 15 10 5 Sub Total 180 115 65 Table No. 10.3 Environmental related cost for Mine– Indirect cost S.No Activity/Items Total Estimated Cost (Rs.Lakhs) Pollution abatement cost 1. 1 Cum Diesel Back hoe 44.00 2. Motor Grader 280 Hp 155.00 3. 410 Hp Dozer 200.00 4. 28 kl Water Sprinkler 118.00 5. Form Truck 12.00 Float Engine for Dozer and Water 39.75 [email protected]% Total 568.75 Table: 10.4: Revenue Provision for Environmental Safeguards per Annum Cost per S. No. Description Total Cost Tonne 1. Wages 42213385 4.22 2. Stores 31308536 3.13 3. Power 500000 0.05 4. General Administration 6332008 0.63 5. Post Project Environment Monitoring & Green 3000000 0.30 Belt Development a PPEM 800000 b Green Belt Development 2200000 6. Interest on Working Capital 2323491 0.23 7. Interest on Loan Capital 11257 0.001 8. Depreciation 2995000 0.30 Total 88683677 8.87
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E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment / Environment Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
10.5. Cost of EMP (capital and recurring) for Coal Washery: Out of the total capital requirement of Rs. 80.00 Cr. for Coal Washery, capital requirement for the environment management of coal washery is estimated as Rs. 6.21Crores. The details of EMP capital and recurring costs during construction, operation and maintenance of different pollution control are furnished hereunder.
Table No.10.5: Cost of EMP (capital and recurring) for Coal Washery 1. Total Capital Cost : Rs. 80.00 Crores 2. EMP cost a. Environment Capital Cost Rs. 06.21 Crores b. Environment Revenue Cost per Annum : Rs. 40.00 Lakhs
10.6. Plan for Compliance of the Regulatory Requirement Only implementation and monitoring of the recommended and approved EMP is not enough. Maintaining the proper documents and reporting of the compliance to all the concerned Regulatory Authorities also form the part & parcel of the process. As stipulated in the Standard Environment Clearance Conditions for Opencast Coal Mines published by MoEF&CC vide its OM No. F. No. 22-34/2018-IA.III dated 9th August 2018, in addition to the other conditions as imposed by MoEF&CC, the compliance of the following shall be ensured: · The details of the monitored data will be submitted to the Regional Office of MoEF&CC once in six months. · Land Use Pattern will be monitored through Satellite Remote Sensing Survey and the report of the same shall be submitted to MoEF&CC once in every three years. · Report on monitoring & management of the reclaimed and rehabilitated mine area shall be submitted to Regional Office of MoEF&CC. · Report on the Human Health Issues in the Project Area shall be submitted to the Regional Office of the MoEF&CC once in every six months. · The funds earmarked for Environment Protection will be kept in a separate account details of which shall be provided in the Six Monthly Compliance Report. · Details of the compliance of the stipulated EC Conditions will be uploaded and updated on company website on half-yearly basis. · The Environmental Statement in prescribed Form-V will be submitted to the TSPCB as per the Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986. · The information on the commencement of the mining operations at the Project Site will be submitted to the Regional Office of MoEF&CC.
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E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment/Environmental Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II) Expansion
CHAPTER – 11 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
11.1. INTRODUCTION Singareni Collieries Company Limited (SCCL) is the only coal producing company in southern India and is jointly owned by Government of India and Government of Telangana. SCCL is the largest public sector undertaking in the state with manpower of 47.386 as on 31.10.2019. It is the only coal mining company in South India catering the needs of coal based industries. SCCL is currently operating 28 Underground Mines and 18 Opencast Mines and produced 64.40 MT during 2018-19. The coal production target for the year 2019- 20 is 70.00 MT and for 2020-21 is 67.50 MTPA.
The main coal consumers of SCCL are power sector companies like NTPC, TSGENCO, APGENCO, KPCL, Maha GENCO and Cement Industry. Due to the increasing demand for coal from various industries, in order to meet the production targets fixed by Government of India and to compensate for the loss of production from the existing mines because of exhaustion of reserves, SCCL is taking up following measures:
1. Reconstruction of existing mines for optimum production by adoption high technology methods. 2. Improving the productivity in the existing mines by improving the utilization of the equipment. 3. Opening of new mines in the adjoining / superjacent areas / seams for higher production 4. Adopting opencast method of mining wherever possible for high rate of production. 5. Conversion of shallow underground mines to opencast mines for extraction of balance coal reserves. 6. Expansion of the existing opencast workings further in to the dip side up to optimize the production. The present proposal is to is planned for expansion of existing JVR OCP-II from 5 to 10 MTPA by integrating with adjacent JVR OC-I Expansion project and to establish a Coal washery within the project area under the name of “Jalagam Vengala Rao Opencast Mine (I&II Expansion)”.
11.2. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT Jalagam Vengala Rao Opencast Project-II and Jalagam Vengala Rao Opencast-I Expansion are existing opencast coal mine projects located adjacent to each other at Ayyagaripeta and Kommepalli Villages near Sathupalli town in Sathupalli Mandal, Khammam District of Telangana State. The proposed Jalagam Vengala Rao Opencast Mine (I&II Expansion) is planned for expansion of existing JVR OCP-II from 5 to 10 MTPA by Integrating with JVR OC-I Expn for facilitating sequential/relay dumping and conserving the land requirement for overburden dumping along with an integrated coal washery. The proposed project is planned for an annual rated capacity of 10 MTPA in an area of 1953.46 ha. The balance extractable reserves in the project are 245.51 Mt with a total life of 28 years. It is also planned to establish a coal beneficiation plant of 4 MTPA in 13.03 ha of land within the project area so as to wash the coal having an average grade of G12 to get G9 grade with 65.89% yield.
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E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment/Environmental Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II) Expansion
11.2.1. Location of the project Proposed Jalagam Vengala Rao Opencast Mine (I&II Expansion) falls in Sattupalli – Chintalapudi coal belt of Godavari Valley coal field. The location details of the project is as follows: Location Details of the Project Village Kommepalli Mandal Sathupalli District & State Khammam & Telangana Latitudes 17o09’54.59” N to 17o13’01.70”N Longitudes 80o45’43.38” E to 80o49’20.86”E Survey of India Toposheet No. 65 C/16 Nearest town/City Sathupalli (2 km E direction) District head quarters Khammam (80 km) State Capital Hyderabad 280 km Nearest Railway station Bhadrachalam Road Railway Station Andhra Pradesh State boundary is falling within the State Boundary 10 km radius. Distance from the JVR OC-I to AP State boundary is found to be 7.0 km. 11.2.2. Land Requirement of the Project Total Land requirement is 1953.46 (1910.09 ha of project area and 43.37 ha land required for colony).The land requirement for various activities of the project is furnished hereunder. Land requirement for various activities of the Project (Figures in ha) Sl. Forest Land Non-Forest Description Total (ha) No (ha) land (ha) 1 Excavation Area 793.90 236.97 1030.87 2 External Dump 192.09 314.96 507.05 Safe Distance Including Tanks, 3 119.72 99.71 219.43 Drains & Bund 4 Road & Infrastructure Area
i. CHP & Coal Yard 22.33 0.00 22.33
ii. Mine Service Facilities 15.95 32.37 48.32
iii. Coal Washery 0.00 13.03 13.03
iv. Road Diversion 12.73 6.24 18.97
v. Proposed Railway Siding 0.00 43.15 43.15
vi. Magazine 0.00 6.94 6.94
Sub-total 51.01 96.37 152.74
Project Area 1156.72 753.37 1910.09
Colony 0.00 43.37 43.37
Total land requirement 1156.72 796.74 1953.46
11.2.3. Size of the Project The project is categorized as “A” as per the provisions 1(a) of schedule of the EIA Notification, 2006 vide SO 1533 dated 14.9.2006 and subsequent amendments. The ToR was obtained for the expansion project including coal washery, vide MoEF&CC. F.No. J-
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E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment/Environmental Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II) Expansion
11015 / 268 / 2007-IA.11 (M) dated 21st May 2019. The salient features of the coal mine are as given below. Salient Feature of the project Geological Reserves 309.55 MT Extractable Reserves 291.97 MT Balance Extractable reserves as on 245.51 MT 01.04.2018 Total Hard OB from Quarry (M.Cum) 1202.33 Top soil (M.Cum) 18.48 Balance OB to be removed in M.Cum 1046.89 (as on 01.04.2018) Average Stripping Ratio (T/Cum) 4.26 Surface Area of excavation (ha) 1030.87 ha No. of workable seams 6 Avg. Grade & Grade range 4517 (G-10)(G-9 & G-12 Grades) Borehole density (No/Sq.km) 25.26 1953.46 (1910.09 ha of project area and Land requirement (ha) 43.37 ha land for colony) Mechanized Opencast Mining with Shovel Technology Dumper combination Depth range (m) 25.50 to 363.45 Rated capacity 10 MTPA Coal Washery 4 MTPA Life of the Mine (Years) 28 Years from 2018-19 Nil for expansion project. R & R cost (But R&R already implemented for 229 PDFs in JVR OCP-II.) Manpower OC Project: 506,Washery: 200, Total : 706 OC Project: Rs. 208.05 Crores Capital required for proposed expansion Washery: Rs. 80.00 Crores Total : Rs. 288.05 Crores Environment Cost OC Project: Rs. 7.49 Crores Capital Cost Washery: Rs. 6.21 Crores Total : Rs. 13.70 Crores OC Project: Rs. 8.87 Crores Revenue Cost (Per Annum): Washery: Rs. 0.40 Crores Total : Rs. 9.27 Crores Coal Beneficiation envisaged An Integrated Coal Washery is proposed
11.2.4. Description of Opencast mining Operations Coal extraction in the JVR OC Mine (I&II expansion) will be done by deploying shovels & dumpers combination in opencast method of mining. Jig and Drum Washing technology will be used in Coal washery.
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E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment/Environmental Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II) Expansion
Opencast mining involves following operations: 1. Removal of topsoil form quarry area and external dump area, storing it separately in earmarked dumpsite and utilizing it for spreading on dumps after attaining the final profile in order to take up plantation. 2. Removal of overlying earthen strata (overburden) through drilling & blasting operations and dumping it at the earmarked site. 3. Excavation of coal is done by Shovel-dumper combination after drilling and blasting. 4. Transportation of raw coal from coal mines to washery complex is done by dumper/dump trucks either directly from quarry or raw coal yard and/or belt conveyors. After washing, washed coal is despatched to end users by road mode and after commencement of proposed railway line and CHP, transportation will be done by rail and rode mode. 5. Rejects to an extent of 34.11% will either be sold out to users or will be accommodated in the OB dumps. 6. Back filling/internal dumping of overburden within the quarry area will be done after sufficient de-coaled area is formed. 7. After spreading of topsoil and stabilization of dumps, phase-wise plantation will be taken up over the external dump area, back filled and in other areas. 8. The existing and proposed system coal transport is as follows. Existing system of Coal transportation
In pit From Quarry to pit head CHP feeder breakers by Dumpers/ Dump Trucks. Surface to CHP (Siding) From pit head CHP, Sathupalli to RCHP, Kothagudem by Road. CHP (Siding) to consumers By Rail from RCHP, Kothagudem. Proposed system of Coal transportation: Railway line of 54.1km length from the proposed JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion), Sathupalli to RCHP, Kothagudem is under construction. The following coal transport system will be adopted after completion of railway line works.
In pit From Quarry to pit head CHP, Sathupalli by Dumpers/ Dump Trucks. Surface (CHP) to Rail way Siding, By Belt Conveyors Sathupalli Siding to Consumers By Rail All the mining operations will be carried out as per the statutory provisions of Mines Act for the safety, health and welfare of the employees working in the mine. The conditions stipulated by Ministry of Environment, Forests & Climate Change (MoEF&CC) and Telangana State Pollution Control Board (TSPCB) while according Environmental Clearance will be implemented in the project.
The works relating to construction of railway line, railway siding and CHP are likely to be completed in two years. Hence, it is proposed to continue with the existing system of coal transportation in the proposed project i.e., from JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion), Sathupally to RCHP, Kothagudem through road mode for initial period of two years.
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E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment/Environmental Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II) Expansion
11.3. DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT Baseline Environmental Status Detailed baseline environmental studies have been conducted during summer 2018 (March - May 2018) to assess the environmental status in respect of air, water, noise, land and soil quality in core zone and buffer zone (i.e. 10 km radius study area) of the JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion). The environmental baseline data conforms to the requirement of EIA Notification, 2006 vide S.O. 1533, on 14.09.2006 and subsequent amendments. 11.3.1. Physical Resources Physiography Core Zone The general topographic elevation of project area varies from 160m above MSL in the south to 180m above MSL in the northeast, with an average slope of 9.15 m/km towards southwest. Buffer Zone Within 10 km radius, the area is of gently sloping undulatory terrain, dotted with hillocks and the adjacent sandy patches that are imperfectly drained. The topographic elevation varies from 120 m above MSL in southwest to 220m above MSL in the north with a slope of 4.50 m/km. The Neladrigutta (285 m above MSL) on the NNW side, Pullgutta (215 m above MSL) in the central part and few unnamed hillocks are the prominent land marks in the area. 11.3.2. Drainage Core Zone The drainage in the project area is mostly of 1st, 2nd and 3rd order streams dendritic type with a density of 1.74 km/sq.km. Buffer Zone The 10 km radius of the buffer area can be described conveniently into eastern and western halves as the drainage of Tammileru river and Kattaleru river vertically divides the area. The Lotu vagu and other ephemeral streams drain into the Lankasagar tank situated on the southwestern periphery, on which an earthen dam was constructed to facilitate irrigation in this area. The overflow water from Lankasagar project drains into Kattaleru River. In the eastern half, Nallavagu and other ephemeral streams drain into Bethupalli cheruvu and overflow water from Betupalli tank and other ephemeral streams form the drainage of Tammilleru River. The drainage is of sub-dendritic to sub-parallel with a density of 1.42 km/sq.km. A number of ephemeral tanks are strewn all over the area. Major perennial tanks like Lankasagar project and Bethupalli cheruvu are the chief irrigational sources for this area. 11.3.3. Meteorology Meteorology data at the site was monitored during March to May, 2018 representing Summer Season. The predominant wind direction is North West (NW) and Calm conditions prevailed is for 20.63%. The maximum wind speed recorded was 8.0 m/s. The maximum temperature recorded was found to be 43.3 0C, while the minimum temperature was 18.10C. The average relative humidity was found to be 66.5%. The total rainfall observed was 0.9 mm. 11.3.4. Air Environment
Different air pollution parameters like particulate matter of less than 10μm size (PM10), particulate matter of less than 2.5μm (PM2.5), Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) and Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) have been identified as critical parameters relating to project activities for representing baseline status of ambient air quality within the study area in accordance with the Terms of
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E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment/Environmental Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II) Expansion
Reference (ToR) issued by MoEF&CC. Ambient Air Quality Monitoring (AAQM) was carried out at 10 locations at a frequency of twice a week for three months period. Core Zone:
Ambient air quality data monitored in the core zone shows that PM10 concentrations varies 3 3 from 80 to 138 mg/m . PM2.5 concentrations were in the range of 30.5 to 61.6 mg/m . The SO2 3 3 3 3 and NOx concentration varies from 10.0 mg/m to 13.6 mg/m and 14.6 mg/m to 21 mg/m respectively. All the air quality parameters in the core zone are found to be within prescribed limits as per Coal mine Standards. Buffer Zone: 3 3 The concentration of PM10 varies from 49 µg/m (Sathupalli Town) and 87 µg/m (Kistaram). 3 3 The PM2.5 concentration varies from 20.2 mg/m (Pallewada) to 43.3 mg/m (Kistaram 3 Village). The SO2 and NOx concentration varies from 9.6 mg/m (Venkatapuram) to 14.4 mg/m3 (Kistaram) and 13 mg/m3 (Venkatapuram) to 21.5 mg/m3 (Kistaram) respectively. All the air quality parameters in the buffer zone of the project are found to be within prescribed limits as per National Ambient Air Quality Standards. 11.3.5. Mineralogical Composition The mineralogical composition for the Particulate Matter of size less than 10μ was analyzed at all air quality monitoring locations within the 10 Km radius of the study area. The samples were analyzed for Chromium, Nickel, Arsenic, Cadmium, Mercury, Lead, etc and their concentrations are found to be below the detectable limits. 11.3.6. Noise Levels A detailed noise survey was carried in and around the mine site to study the hourly equivalent noise levels. Equivalent noise levels were measured on hourly basis during 24 hours by using a High Precision Sound Level Meter at six locations within the study area of the project. It is observed that the noise levels measured during day time and night time in the core as well as in the buffer zone of the proposed project are within the stipulated standards. 11.3.7. Water Quality To assess the physical and chemical properties of water in the region, four groundwater and five surface water locations were selected and water samples were collected and analysed. Analysis of mine discharge water also analysed of existing JVR OCP-I Expansion and JVR OCP-II were also analysed as per industrial effluent standards.
Ground water pH values were in the range between 6.8 to 7.6 in the groundwater samples collected within the study area. The TDS values are exceeding the acceptable limits of IS: 10500 but are within the permissible limits in all the ground water samples. The total alkalinity was observed to be above acceptable limit of 200 mg/L for all the locations. The total hardness is above the acceptable limit but below the permissible limit of 600 mg/L at all the locations.
The concentration of iron (as Fe), is below the acceptable limit of 0.3 mg/L at all locations except at GW-2 (Kistaram 0.59 mg/L). The nitrates concentration is below the acceptable limit of 45 mg/L at all the locations, except at GW-3 (Vengalarao Nagar 55 mg/L).
The concentrations of heavy metals Cadmium (Cd), Manganese (as Mn), Copper (Cu), Lead (Pb), Zinc (as Zn), Selenium (as Se), Arsenic (as As), Chromium (Cr), and Nickel (Ni) were either below the detection limits or below the permissible limits. The fluoride concentration in all the samples is within the acceptable limit.
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E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment/Environmental Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II) Expansion
The ground water with code numbers GW-1 & GW- 4 can be used for drinking in the absence of any alternative source of water as all the analyzed parameters are within the permissible limits as per BIS : 10500-2012 Standards. However the ground water quality in respect of samples with codes GW-2 & GW-3 indicates that the water requires necessary treatment for making it potable because some of the parameters have exceeded the permissible limits.
Surface water In accordance with CPCB water quality criteria, parameters studied were pH, DO, BOD and total coliforms. It may be observed that all the surface water samples have DO values ranging from 5.8 to 6.2 and values are satisfactory and meeting CPCB criteria. pH values were found to be in the range 6.7 to 7.9. BOD found to be more than 3 mg/l in all the surface water samples. Total coliforms and faecal coliforms were present in all the surface water samples collected in the study area. E. Coli was present in SW-3 sample collected within the study area. Presence of Total coliforms, faecal coliforms and E.coli shows contamination from faecal matter or sewage entry and not suitable for direct drinking purpose and needs chlorination before treatment. From the analytical results it can be observed that the surface water samples collected from all the locations require suitable treatment to make them potable.
Effluent Quality The analytical results of effluents quality are compared with GSR 801 Standards for Inland surface waters, Public sewers and Land for irrigation. Water from JVR OC-I Mine Discharge is treated and used for agriculture. pH value of JVR OC-I and JVR OC-II mine discharge were found to be 7.3.& 7.8 respectiviey The concentrations of COD, BOD and Fluoride were well within the stipulated limits. The concentrations of Cadmium (Cd), Manganese (as Mn), Copper (Cu), Lead (Pb), Zinc (as Zn), Selenium (as Se), Arsenic (as As), Chromium (Cr), Nickel (Ni) and Fluoride (as F) were below the detection limits.
11.3.8. Land use & Land cover Based on the interpretation of remotely sensed satellite data it is observed that in 10km study area the agriculture land occupies 61.48 % of the area. Double crop area is cropped area in both kharif and rabi constitutes 25% of the area. 11.3.9. Soil Quality The physico-chemical properties of soil, which are important for plant growth and agricultural productivity, pH, Electrical Conductivity, Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC), Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), Organic carbon, Ex.Ca, Ex. Mg, Ex.Na, and Ex.K and other trace metals are analyzed for four soil samples in the study area. pH is an important parameter which indicates the alkaline or acidic nature of soil. Soils collected from the villages in the study area are slightly acidic to slightly alkaline in nature having pH in the range of 7.2 to 7.4. The EC for the soil samples are in the range of 0.276 - 0.342 mmhos/cm. Cation exchange capacity which was found to be in the range of 16 to 20 meq%. The Nitrogen value range from 195 to 240 kgha-1 reflecting that the values are observed to be in better category. The minimum value was observed at Kistaram and the maximum value was observed at Rejarla. The Phosphorus value ranged from 15.7 to 18.1 kg ha-1 indicating that the values are in less category. The maximum value of 18.1 kg ha-1 was found at Pallewada and the minimum value of 15.7 kg ha-1 at Rejarla. The Potassium value ranged from 229 to 440 kg ha-1 indicating that values are observed to be more than sufficient category, the maximum value was found at Rejarla and the minimum value was observed at Pallewada.
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E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment/Environmental Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II) Expansion
The trace metals Cd, Cr, Pb, Zn, Mn were analysed. Cd levels were below the detection limit of the ICPOES instrument sensitivity levels. The other metals were well within the soil permissible limits. 11.3.10. Biological Environment A flora & fauna study was carried out for the proposed site of JVR OC Mine (I&II expansion) and its surroundings in 10 km radius during May 2018. This was followed by detailed analysis conducted on distribution of flora & fauna and forest types of the area, and then studies on vegetation cover of both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. All the species encountered were identified and recorded. Flora As per the primary survey and as per the forest department records and review literature, there are no sanctuaries, national parks, biosphere reserves in the study area. The study area is fragmented owing to the anthropogenic pressures and the florisitic diversity and faunal diversity of the study area are enumerated. There are no rare or endangered of flora and fauna in the core Zone/mine lease area. A total of 292 species were recorded from the study area. Fauna There are no endemic, endangered species, having habitat in the core zone of the study area. The Species richness was high in birds (78 species) followed by Spiders and Butterflies (35 species), Fishes (28 species) Herpeto fauna (16 species) and Mammals (13 species). 11.3.11. Socio-Economic Environment The study area of the mine has the total population of 1,38,528 (2011 census) covering 36 villages. Living conditions were observed that 9.31% of the dwelling houses belong to kutcha houses, 41.18% families are dwelling in Semi pucca houses and the remaining 49.51% are living in the pucca houses. The primary data also shows 60% of them are literates which is similar to the census, 2011. The Literacy rate shows that education facilities has been improved from generation to generation in this region. Work Participation in the study area is about 49.19% of the total population constituting the working population and the remaining 50.81% constitute the non-working population. The study area is fairly agrarian area and the major crops cultivates are Paddy, Vegetables, Mango gardens and fodder for the cattle. Out of 204 households surveyed, 46.08% are having agriculture land and 53.92% do not possess any agriculture land, but some formers cultivating as tenant farmers. Most of farmers do not possess costly agricultural related goods like trucks and tractors. However, they have access to these services on rental basis. All the villages are having clean drinking water facility. The sanitary condition was good in the sample villages. Health and medical facilities were adequate as most of the villages were covered by the Rural Medical Practitioners (RMPs). For the Major disease the hospitals/Private clinics are available at Sathupally town which is 2 km away from the Project area. The average QOL for all the sample households was found to be 6.68. It shows that it is having basic amenities like RWS, Road with RTC bus and Autos, Bank with ATM facilities, Post office and Hospital. As the area has been developing and mining is being carried in this area from quite long time, infrastructure, quality of life, other social factors are found to be fair.
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E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment/Environmental Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II) Expansion
11.4. Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures The opencast mining operations involve development of approach roads, haul roads, excavation and development of benches. The environmental impacts due to the expansion of mining operations and associated activities like drilling, blasting, overburden, loading, overburden & coal transportation and coal beneficiation have been assessed and adequate management plan has been developed to mitigate the impacts.
11.4.1 Air Quality The opencast mining includes drilling, blasting, vehicular movement, and waste dumping etc. These activities are likely to contribute predominately particulate matter and oxides of nitrogen. The existing baseline concentrations of the pollutants are within the limits of prescribed by CPCB. Further, the predicted concentrations of air pollutants are also within the permissible limits. The air quality management measures, which are being implemented during the operation of the mine, are as follows: · Wet drilling and controlled blasting · Regular maintenance of HEMM and other vehicles. · Water sprinkling on the haul roads, workshop and CHP premises · Mist Spray arrangements at the coal unloading points and transfer points at CHP. · Dust suppression at the haul roads, coal stock yard and open lands · Greenbelt development all along the mine lease area, OB dumps, office buildings and colonies. · Enclosures at coal transfer points · Covering of trucks with tarpaulin while transporting coal · Proper periodic maintenance of vehicles, etc. Regular monitoring for air quality within the lease area and other adjoining areas are being carried out as part of the Post Project Environment Monitoring (PEM) and the monitoring reports are being submitted to SPCB and MoEF & CC Regional office. During the expansion phase also the same mitigation measures will be implemented.
11.4.2 Impact on Air quality & Mitigation measures in coal washery The impacts on air quality from coal washery depend on various factors involved in transportation of coal from mines, coal handling equipment and processing of the coal in washery. The following air pollution control measures have been proposed in the coal washery. · Water sprinkling on coal stock yards the internal roads for dust suppression. · The height of these stocks will not be allowed to increase beyond 3 meters. · Unloading point will be provided with an array of nozzles discharging water into the receiving pit. There will be sufficient nozzles over each receiving pit for spraying water uniformly over the entire surface. · All transfer points after crusher roll will be provided with high pressure nozzles, for proper dust suppression. · An independent water spraying system will be established for coal handling and crushing facilities. Adequate moisture will be maintained in coal handling area to ensure that dust is not air borne. · Provision of Bag filters at coal crushers. · Vehicle movement in the coal washery area will be regulated effectively to avoid traffic congestion and workers shall be protected from dust. · All the belt conveyors will have enclosed circuit to avoid all dust particles from escaping into the surrounding atmosphere. · Belt transfer points will have rubberized impact idlers to reduce dust formation and
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reduce wear and tear. · It will be ensured that emissions from the heavy duty vehicle operating in coal washery conform to standards under Motor Vehicles Rules 1989. · Thick green belt will be provided around the washery to mitigate/check the dust pollution.
11.4.3 Noise levels and ground vibrations With the mining operations, due to machinery, drilling and blasting for OB removal, excavation, transportation and crushing of coal, it is imperative that noise levels would increase. High noise levels are confined to the mining areas only and the nearby villages are not likely to have any major adverse impact as noise levels reduce with distance. The following noise control measures are being taken in the JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion) for mitigating noise pollution. During the expansion phase also the same measures will be implemented. · Formulation and implementation of suitable blast design parameters such as burden, spacing, charge per delay etc. for different coal/OB types. · Controlled blasting techniques by using NONELs to minimize the noise and vibration. · Procurement of HEMM with acoustically designed operator’s cabins. · Proper maintenance and tuning of HEMM and other machinery.. · Greenbelt with species of rich canopy around the lease area and along the roads, to attenuate the noise levels. · Use of personal protective devices i.e., earmuffs and earplugs by workers, working in high noise activity centres.
11.4.4 Impact due to Ground Vibrations Blasting in mining areas may give rise to ground vibrations which may cause damage to nearby structures. Fly rock is another problem that deserves attention. In order to control noise and blast vibrations, suitable control measures is adopted in the project and ground vibrations has been continuously recorded by using seismograph instruments (Minimate / NOMIS) and the same is being done in the existing JVR OC Mine (I&II expansion) and recorded ppv and noise level are within stipulated limits. The following precautions are being taken up at the project site for controlling noise and blast vibrations. During the expansion phase also the same measures will be implemented. · Controlled blasting technique using non-electric delay detonators to reduce blast vibrations substantially. · Regulating Charge per delay to minimize blast vibrations. · Optimum delay sequence and stem to column ratio to minimize the fly rock distance and ground vibration intensity. · Basing on the distance of the nearest sensitive areas from the epicentre of the blast, charge weight alteration to meet the stipulated standards. · Design of optimum blast hole geometry considering bench height, diameter of hole, type of explosive, nature of rock, level of fragmentation required etc. · Carrying out d Blasting operations in day time. · Drilling, Charging and blasting operations under strict supervision as per DGMS stipulations.
11.4.5 Impact on Noise environment & Mitigation measures due to coal washery The equipment with significant continuous noise levels are transportation vehicles, conveyer belt for raw coal, screening units, crushing units, sieves, washing units etc. However, impacts on the working personnel are not expected to be significant on account of the high level of automation of these plant equipment, which means that workers will be exposed for
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E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment/Environmental Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II) Expansion short duration only that too intermittently. The following noise control measures will be adopted in the coal washery: · At the coal transfer points, the following provisions will be made:- a) Primary impact zone will be covered by rubber sheet of 70 mm thick and secondary impact zone will be covered by 40 mm thick rubber sheet. b) Sides of the chutes at transfer point will be covered by 25 mm thick polymer sheet. · All moving parts, such as conveyors rollers, drums, gears will be kept in good working conditions. Chutes and hoppers will be provided with rubber/polymer liners. · Providing noise proof cabins to operators where remote control for operating noise generating equipment is feasible. · High noise generating sources will be insulated adequately by providing suitable enclosures. · The total wet process plant will be enclosed in a 4-deck technological building which will be covered by GI sheeting to dampen sound. · All equipment will be mounted on their bedplates / foundation in a manner to eliminate vibration and noise. · Regular maintenance with prompt replacement of worn-out parts/liners etc. The noise control system will be designed to form an integral part of the plant; · Other than the regular maintenance of the various equipment, personnel protective equipment like ear plugs will be provided to the personnel working close to the noise generating units; · High raised wall will be constructed around the washery.
11.4.6 Impact on Water Environment The source of water for the Project activities is the water pumped out from the mine itself. After meeting the mine requirements, the excess water will be let out into nearby nallah after necessary treatment and sedimentation of solids and waste. The total mine discharge water to be pumped out during initial operation of the proposed project will be 7118 KLD. Water requirement for Jalagam Vengala Rao Opencast Mine (I & II Expansion) including coal washery will be 3220 KLD. The water required for industrial purposes such as washing of HEMM, dust suppression in the quarry, dust suppression at CHP & coal yard, fire fighting at coal yard, water spraying at other places, for nurseries and gardening at project etc. is met from the pumped-out water. Detailed Hydro-geological studies have been carried out in the study area of the proposed project. The study findings indicate that the stage of ground water extraction in the region is 78.29% and hence the area is classified under semi-critical category. Presently, the surplus water from the project is being let out into Kistaram tank and other nearby tanks and the same is being utilized by the local people to meet their agricultural needs and it is also augmenting the recharge of ground water table of the area. Excess mine discharge will be discharged into nearby streams / tanks after treatment, which will be utilized by nearby villagers for agricultural purpose. With these measures it is anticipated that there is no adverse impact on ground water levels in the region. . Some of the control measures that are being taken for controlling water pollution are as follows: - The mine discharge water, which may contain coal fines, needs sedimentation, before discharge into the natural water course / open land. The treatment facilities such as sedimentation, filtration and chlorination are being provided for mine discharge, so as to conform to the effluent standards as prescribed by MoEF&CC. - The effluents from service building are being collected by a sewerage system and treatment by means of septic tanks and soak pits is proposed. There will not be any
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impact as the treated sewage is discharged after treatment. Colony will be provided with sewage treatment plant. - The excess mine water, which is being discharged into nearby tanks is used by local villagers for agricultural purpose. This is also augmenting recharge of the ground water regime.
11.4.7 Impact on Water environment & Mitigation measures due to coal washery The water required for coal washery will be met from the mine discharge water. Water consumption is 100 liters / ton of raw coal feeding to plant taking all types of consumption in to consideration. Total water requirement is 620 KL/day. The wastewater arising from the plant will be re-utilized for the plant purposes. No effluent discharge is envisaged due to recycling into the plant operation. Hence there will no impact on the water regime due to the effluents from the plant premises. The waste water generated from the domestic use is treated in septic tank followed by soak pit. Thus, there is no adverse impact on surface and ground water quality.
11.4.8 Impact on Land and its Management Any mining activity may alter the land use pattern in the lease area. In order to minimize the adverse effects, land reclamation is carried in concurrent with mining operations. At the end of the mining operations, quarry area and dumps left will be acceptable to the society and surrounding environment. A detailed programme on Solid Waste Management and Land Reclamation has been given in the EMP for addressing land degradation. The following measures are proposed/being taken up in the project. · Plantation on the over burden dumps with native, regenerative and self-sustaining species. · Plantation along the boundary of the project area will carried out to improve the aesthetic value. · Top soil excavated from the site is dumped separately at predetermined place for spreading subsequently on external dumps and backfilled areas for plantation. · Back filling of the mine pits concurrently with the mining operations (land reclamation). 11.4.9 Impact on land due to coal washery Clearing of shrubs at some locations is required during construction phase. Construction of plant and buildings will bring about permanent changes in the topography and aesthetics of the area. However this change will limited to the plant area only. The proposed project site is undulating. To improve the environment, greenbelt will be developed all around the periphery of the plant area and also within the plant. The plantation will be developed in the about 4.30 ha land, inside compound wall up to 10 m width, which will not only improve aesthetic aspects but will also compensate the vegetation loss, which may take place during the construction period.
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E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment/Environmental Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II) Expansion
11.4.10 Soil Environment The environmental impacts of the mining activities on topsoil are based on the quantity of removal of topsoil and its dumping. The topsoil is temporarily stored and used for plantation and hence no impact of dozing of topsoil is envisaged. No waste rock generation is involved. 11.4.11 Solid Waste and its Management During the process of coal extraction overlying strata consisting of topsoil and sedimentary rock formation will be removed separately as overburden. Jalagam Vengala Rao Opencast Mine (I &II Expansion) generates 1046.89 Mm3 (Bank) of OB in order to produce 245.51 Mt of coal throughout its life. Out of the total OB, 1032.70 Mm3 is hard OB and 14.19 Mm3 is topsoil. It is planned to accommodate about 31.05 % (325.05 Mm3) of OB in the external dump yards and 68.95% (722.48 Mm3) of OB in the internal dump yard. The top soil will be preserved temporarily on the western side of the pit. The following design criteria have been considered for waste dumps. · Separate spoil dumps for top soil and hard OB · Maximum height of top soil dump is 10m. · Hard OB will be dumped in 30 m high decks. · 30 m width with berm for allowing safe machinery movement. · Dump slope for each deck to be at natural angle of repose of 37 ½O and overall slope at 28o · Track dozers will be deployed for shaping and compacting the dumps. · Maximum height of external dump is 120 m above ground level. · The maximum height of internal dump in the proposed project will be up to 120m above ground level. At the end of mining operations, sloping of internal dumps will be made towards the final void such that any soil eroding from the dumps will settle down in the void area. 11.4.12 Location of Dump Yards It is proposed to accommodate hard overburden and top soil in the following manner during the life of the proposed OC mine. Height Sl. Hard Top above Area Dump yard Total No. OB Soil Ground level Mm3 m ha A. External DumpYards 1 External DumpYard 317.51 7.54 325.05 120 507.05 B. Internal DumpYards 715.19 7.29 722.48 120 531.75 1 JVR OC-I Internal Dump 120.48 2.95 123.43 120 190.79 JVR OCP-II Internal 594.71 4.34 599.05 120 340.96 2 Dump Total 1032.70 14.83 1047.53 There are two no. Of internal dump yards planned to accommodate OB form the expansion project. One is Jalagam Vengala Rao Opencast-I Expansion Project Internal Dump Yard and the second is Jalagam Vengala Rao Opencast Project –II Internal Dump Yard. Both these internal dumps are backfilling areas in excavated voids of respected projects. The final height of both the internal dump yards will be raised up to 120m with each deck of 30 m height
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E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment/Environmental Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II) Expansion
11.4.13 Final Void Final void will be left in both JVR OC-I excavation area and JVR OCP-II excavation area i.e. at East and North sides of the Expansion project and the depth of the final mine void at the end of mining operations i.e. by the end of 28th year will be 146 m and 363.45 m respectively. The volume of the final void in JVR OC-I Internal dump will be 68.58 Mm3 in 121.24 ha area and in JVR OCP-II Internal dump will be 816.65 Mm3in 377.88 ha area. It is proposed to use the void as water reservoir. 11.4.14 Solid waste generation due to coal washery The coal will be separated into two products – clean and inferior coal and both will be transport through Weigh Bridge to the yard designated a distance of around 1 Km. Rejects will either be sold out to users or will be accommodated in the OB dumps. Efforts will also be made to have linkage arrangements with FBC based thermal power plants for disposal of middling and rejects of coal washery proposed to be established in Jalagam Vengala Rao Opencast (I&II Expansion) Project. 11.4.15 Impact on Flora & Fauna As the mining activity is restricted to the core zone, no significant impact on the flora of the buffer zone due to the expansion of mine is anticipated. With afforestation on overburden dumps and proper management of forest and development of greenbelt around the mine, the aesthetics is adopted. There are no endangered flora and fauna species within the core area. As the mining activity is restricted to the core zone, no significant impact on the flora of the buffer zone due to the expansion of mine is anticipated. As per condition stipulated in stage-I FL approval for diversion of 776.20 ha of JVR OCP-II, a wildlife conservation plan was prepared and funds of Rs. 134.07 Lakhs were deposited with Forest Department. In addition to the above, a separate wild life conservation plan has also been prepared for an amount of Rs.2.57 Crores for conservation of Schedule-I species and submitted to state forest department for implementation. With afforestation on overburden dumps, development of greenbelt around the mine and implementation of wild life conservation plan, the impact on surrounding flora and fauna can be minimized. 11.4.16 Impact on Flora Fauna due to coal wahsery Coal washery will be developed within the mine area. A Green Belt with various suitable species will be developed all along the coal washery inside the boundary wall. A staggered row of suitable plants will be planted all along the boundary wall to provide a solid screen of foliage to prevent any dispersal of dust outside the plant boundary, as also reduce the level of noise. The species planted will be – Jamun, Casurina, Asan, Aonla, Agasti, Siris, Somuruba, Butea Monosperma, Gulmohar, Azadirachta Indica (Neem), Ficus Religiosa (Pipal), Merium Indicum (Kamar) etc. 11.4.17 Impact on Socio Economic Environment SCCL has been carrying out mining operations in Godavari Valley Coal Fields (GVCF) for last 129 years. There is a positive impact on the quality of life, employment avenues and socio-economic development of the region. The local people get direct, indirect employment opportunities because of coal mining activities and infrastructure facilities being developed in these areas. SCCL is organizing Corporate Social Responsible (CSR) activities through well structured mechanism through: 1. Singareni Seva Samithi (SSS), 2. Singareni Employees Wives Association (SEWA)
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E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment/Environmental Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II) Expansion
3. Local Communities. 4. Environmental safeguards beyond mandate. CSR activities are carried out continuously. More emphasis of CSR is in drinking water, infrastructure, sanitation, education, skill development, social empowerment, water management, environment, sports and health.
The development activities needs to be taken up based on the requirements of the people in the area, The basic requirement of the community needs to be strengthened by extending health care, educational facilities developed in the township to the community, providing drinking water to the villages affected, building/strengthening of existing roads in the area. It is an existing mine. No additional manpower is envisaged. An amount of Rs. 2,75,75,440 has been spent in this region under CSR during 2015 to 2019.
11.5. ALTERNATIVES Coal mines are site specific in nature and location of the proposed area is restricted to the geology and coal deposition of the area. Safety, economic and technical constraints determine the mining method to be employed in a particular project. Considering the gradient of seams, depth of seams and after evaluating different options, Shovel Dumper combination for coal and overburden have been finalized as suitable mining methodology for the proposed JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion).
11.6. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME Environmental monitoring programme has been prepared for the existing project for assessing the efficacy of implementation of Environment Management Plan and to take corrective measures in case of any degradation in the surrounding environment. An environment management committee has been formulated at the project level to monitor the implementation of environmental protection measures in the project. Air quality, water quality, noise levels, ground water levels has been periodically monitored in compliance to the conditions stipulated by TSPCB and MoEF&CC and necessary mitigation measures has been taken as and when necessary.
11.7. ADDITIONAL STUDIES 11.7.1 Rehabilitation and Resettlement Plan Kommepalli village is falling in the Project area of JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion). A total of 229 families are affected by the project and are project displaced families (PDFS). Compensation has been paid as per R&R policy envisaged by the Government to all the PDFs. 11.7.2 Risk assessment and Disaster Management Plan Mining and allied activities are associated with several potential hazards to both the employees and the public at large. A worker in a mine should be able to work under conditions which are adequately safe and healthy. At the same time, the environmental conditions should be such as not to impair his working efficiency. This is possible only when there are adequate safety opencast mines. Risk Assessment is to be performed on a regular basis. The goal for each risk assessment is to identify hazards, determine risk rating and controls and to review the implementation of risk controls from previous risk assessment sessions.
JVR OC mine (I&II expansion) is Opencast with Shovel Dumper combination the Hazards were identified basing on the previous experience of the Project with the following criteria. · Design parameters of the expansion mine
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· Work process evaluation · Accidents or occurrences · Consultation with employees. · Safety statistics · Significant incident, near miss or accident reports · Inspection in the mine Accordingly, a detailed risk assessment and disaster management plan has been prepared for the proposed expansion basing the Technical Circulars issued by Directorate General of Mines Safety for implementing safety management systems in coal mines. 11.7.3 Risk Management Plan for Coal Washery Based on risk assessment process, following are the major activities/hazards identified, which may cause risks/accidents/incidents in opencast project. 1. Fall of persons from heights 2. Movement of vehicles 3. Electricity 4. Fall of objects. 5. Loading, unloading and handling of heavy objects 6. Belt conveyors etc. 7. Welding 8. Fires Precautions to be taken · To allocate sufficient resources to maintain safe and healthy conditions at work; · To take steps to ensure that all known safety factors are taken into account in the design, construction, operation and maintenance of plants, machinery and equipment; · To ensure that adequate safety instructions are given to all employees; · To provide wherever necessary protective equipment, safety appliances and clothing, and to ensure their proper use; · To inform employees about materials, equipment or processes used in their work which are known to be potentially hazardous to health or safety; · To keep all operations and methods of work under regular review for making necessary changes from the point of view of safety in the light of experience and up to date knowledge; · To provide appropriate facilities for first aid and prompt treatment of injuries and illness at work; · To provide appropriate instructions, training, refresher programmes and supervision to employees in health and safety, first aid and to ensure that adequate publicity is given to these matters; · To ensure proper implementation of fire prevention methods and an appropriate fire fighting service together with training facilities for personnel involved in this service; 11.8. Project Benefits Indirect employment opportunities will come to local people and improvement in communication, education, community development and medical facilities. The project will help in socio-economic development of the area and also the state. The project helps in further development of infrastructure facilities 11.8.1 Project Benefits due to coal washery The proposed project will provide employment to the skilled as well as un-skilled persons. The local population will be given preference depending upon their suitability to the job
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E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment/Environmental Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II) Expansion requirement. Besides direct employment, indirect employment opportunities will also open up. The project will have positive impact in the region. Quality of life of the people will further improve, which in-turn will improve the socio-economic conditions of the area. Major benefit of coal washery is reducing the cost of transportation of raw coal which includes waste involving stones, shales. During the process of coal washery all the waste from raw coal will be removed by increasing the coal quality in the form of high calorific value as well as reduce the ash content. This will also result in reduction of particular matter emissions. 11.9. ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN Environment Management Plan (EMP) aims at the preservation of ecological system by considering in-built pollution abatement facilities at the mining site. Mitigation measures at the source level and an overall environment management plan at the study area are elicited so as to improve the supportive capacity of the receiving bodies. The EMP aims at controlling pollution at the source level to the possible extent with the available and affordable technology followed by treatment before they are discharged. Environmental monitoring programme has been prepared for the proposed expansion of mines for assessing the efficacy of implementation of Environment Management Plan and to take corrective measures in case of any degradation in the surrounding environment.
11.9.1 Fund Provision for Environment Protection and Management In order to implement the environmental protection measures, a capital fund provision of Rs. 7.49 crores has been provided in the project. A recurring cost of Rs.886.83 Lakhs per annum (8.87 per tonne) will also be spent on environmental management, which is in-built in the cost of production.
11.9.2 Cost of EMP (capital and recurring) for Coal Washery The amount proposed to be spent on environment management in coal washery is estimated as Rs. 6.21Crores. 11.9.3 Mine Closure Plan Total Mine closure cost is estimated for mine area is Rs. 161.95 Cr. Considering the life and fund provision at 5% escalation, the amount to be deposited in Escrow account towards mine closure cost is estimated as Rs. 337.802 Crores. Amount to be deposited is 337.802 Crores, out of which 31.78 Cr. amount already deposited, which includes 29.78 Cr in JVR OC-I Expansion project escrow account and 1.997 Cr in JVR OCP-II Project account. Remaining amount to be deposited in Escrow account is estimated as Rs. 306.02 Crores. 11.10. Conclusion The industrial and economic growth of India depends to a large extent on coal, which is the prime source of energy. Our requirement of coal has significantly increased and the major requirement will come from the power sector. The other major requirement of coal comes from other industries like Cement, Sponge iron etc. The expansion of JVR OC Mine (I&II) project will have impacts on the local environment but with proper mitigation measures with the effective implementation of the environment management measures as suggested in the EIA/EMP report and as recommended by MoEF, CPCB and State Pollution Control Board, the negative impacts will be minimized to a great extent. However, development of this project has beneficial impact/effects in terms growth in regional economy, transform the region’s economy from predominantly agricultural to significantly industrial, increase Government earnings and revenues and accelerate the pace of industrial development in the region. ****
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CHAPTER - 12 DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANT
12.1. Environment Protection Training & Research Institute (EPTRI) Environment Protection Training and Research Institute [EPTRI] a premier agency in India, provides training, consultancy, applied research services and extends advocacy in the area of environment protection to industries, regulatory bodies, Government Organizations and NGOs and works towards bringing about change for a more balanced development. It is involved in various activities covering environmental issues such as protected areas and biodiversity, urban agglomeration, environmental awareness, Human Resource Development, Capacity Building and Research. 12.2. EPTRI is recognized by the respective authorities Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Consultant Organization since 2008 according to the National Accreditation Board for Education and Training (NABET), Quality Council of India (QCI). Presently, EPTRI is having accreditation, vide Certificate No. NABET/EIA/1922/RA0143, December 06, 2019 and is valid up to 09.05.2022 · Empanelled Training Institute of Government of India for imparting training under the Technical Cooperation Scheme of the Colombo Plan. · Centre for Climate Change and Nodal Agency for Clean Development Mechanism. · Technical Consultant of Municipal Solid Waste Management. · ‘Empanelled agency’ to provide technical support to States / ULBs to carryout investigation, design and thereafter to prepare the DPRs to help structure and manage schemes/ programmes in the field of municipal solid waste management. · National Host Institute for preparation of State of Environment Reports. · Centre of Excellence in Spatial Environmental Planning. · Environmental Information System (ENVIS) Centres for Ecology of Eastern Ghats and State of Environment Report & related issues. · Key Resource Centre for Rural Water and Sanitation. · Member in the ‘Awareness and Capacity Building Committee of Telangana State Bio- diversity Board’ 12.3. Consultancy Services · Facilitating Environmental Clearances from MOEFCC, New Delhi · Obtaining Consent for Establishment and consent for Operation from state pollution Control Boards. Preparation of Environmental Impact Assessment Reports. · Environmental Audits to help industries to recycle and reuse resources and plan for low polluting technologies. · Risk Assessment Studies for hazardous chemical storage & Process in order to devise viable onsite and offsite emergency plans. · Environmental management strategies to mitigate adverse impacts arising out of developmental activities. · Effluent treatment plant design after thorough review of process, reaction mass balance and treatability studies of effluents · Post project monitoring network design · Consultancy Services for setting up environmental laboratories · Design of Sewage treatment plants · Design of Waste treatment plants · Health and socio- economic surveys · Resettlement and rehabilitation plans · Systems development for ISO:9000, OSHAS 18000, NABL, ISO 17025 Standards
Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 12-1 E P T R I Final Environmental Impact Assessment/Environmental Management Plan for JVR OC Mine (I&II Expansion)
12.4. NABET Accredited EIA Consultant Organization: EPTRI has registration as EIA Consultant Organisation with the National Accreditation Board for Education and Training (NABET) under Quality Council of India (QCI). The scope of EIA consultancy under NABET registration covers below mentioned sectors. 1. Mining of minerals including Open cast/ Underground mining 2. River Valley, Hydel, Drainage and Irrigation projects 3. Industrial estates/ parks/ complexes/ Areas, export processing zones(EPZs), Special economic zones (SEZs), Biotech parks, Leather complexes 4. Common Municipal Solid Waste Management Facility (CMSWMF) 5. Building and construction projects 6. Townships and Area Development projects A part from this EPTRI has carried out various projects in some of the following areas: · Design, commissioning and stabilisation of Effluent Treatment Plants (ETPs), Common Effluent Treatment Plants (CETPs) and Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs). · Upgradation and performance evaluation studies of existing ETPs, CETPs, STPs. · In-plant studies for water conservation and reduction of pollution load. · Design and evaluation of air pollution control equipment. · Providing overall environmental management for townships in terms of water supply, sewerage, STPs and solid waste management. · Developing standards for categorising wastes and techniques for their means of disposal. · Integrated Environment Audit and Risk Assessment studies for Petroleum Sites which includes – Storage Depots, Seaports, Filling Stations etc. EPTRI has undertaken a similar project at Madagascar (World Bank sponsored Project) covering about 250 petroleum sites spread across the country. · Integrated EIA Studies along with Risk Assessment & Analysis, HAZOP studies etc., particularly for units handling Petroleum Products. 12.5. EPTRI Laboratory has received recognitions and accreditations by · NABL (National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories) in the fields of Chemical and Bio-technology. · Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (SIRO) – recognised by Department of Scientific Research, Government of India. · Environmental Laboratory under the Environment Protection Act, 1986. · State Laboratory under the Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, of 1974. · Certification under Occupational Health and Safety Management System. 12.6. Laboratory services · Analysis of air samples for ambient air quality and those collected from industrial sources for both routine and industry specific pollutants · Water and waste water analysis for all parameters as for standard methods, including pesticides and poly hydro carbons · Solid and hazardous waste analysis including TCLP tests · Monitoring of noise levels at source and in ambient air · Development of new methods and quality assurances of results obtained · Design and settings of laboratories 12.7. Instruments · Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrophotometer (ICPOES) · GC-MS/MS · Continuous Flow Analyzer · Flame Photo Meter · HPLC / IC for Ion selective electrodes. · FT-IR
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· Particle size analyser · Total Organic Carbon Analyser · X-ray fluorescence. · UV-VIS spectrophotometers · Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (GFAAS). · Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (FAAS). · Continuous stack and ambient air analyzers · Automatic weather stations · Mercury analyzer · Flash Point Apparatus · TCLP Extractor · Microbial Analysis 12.8. Experts Involved in preparation EIA / EMP The following approved experts of EPTRI by QCI/NABET have involved in preparation of EIA/EMP for the proposed project Sl. No. Functional Area Name of the Expert Mrs.Shaheda Begum (Category A) 1. EIA Coordinator Mrs.V.Bhavani (Category B) Shaheda Begum (Category A) 2. Air Pollution Mrs.Kavitha (Category B) Shaheda Begum (Category A) 3. Air Quality Modeling V.Bhavani (Team Member) Shaheda Begum (Category A) 4. Water Pollution Mrs.V.Bhavani (Category B) 5. Ecology & Biodiversity Dr.D. Veeranjaneyulu (Category A) B.Bhaskara Rao (Category A) 6. Noise & Vibration Mrs. A. Leelavathi (Category B) 7. Socio Economics Gopi Krishna (Category A) 8. Hydrology & Ground Water G.Ramesh (Category A) Dr.GVA Ramakrishna (Category A) 9. Geology G.Ramesh (Category B) D.Sunder Rao (Category A) 10. Soil Conservation V.Bhavani (Team Member) Shaik Allavalli (Category B) 11. Hazardous Waste Management Shaheda Begum (Team Member) Risk Assessment & Hazards 12. Aprup Anant Adawadkar (Category A) Management A.Leelavethi (Category A) 13. Solid Waste S.Kavitha (Category B) 14. Land Use B.Patrudu (Category A)
Certification of accreditation issued by QCI/NABET is furnished hereunder.
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