South-east Wales Uplands Landscape Crime Toolkit
Torfaen County Borough Council
SOUTH-EAST WALES UPLANDS LANDSCAPE CRIME TOOLKIT September 2015
TACP 10 PARK GROVE CARDIFF CF10 3BN
Project Number: 2176
Revision No. Date of Revision Prepared by Date Approved by Date
0 16.06.2015 TW 16.06.2015 JW 16.06.2015
1 30.06.2015 TW 30.06.2015 JW 03.07.2015
2 25.09.2015 TW 25.09.2015 JW 28.09.2015
3 09.10.2015 TW 09.10.2015 JW 09.10.2015
Uplands Landscape Crime Toolkit Prepared by TACP for 2176 Torfaen County Borough Council
South-east Wales Uplands Landscape Crime Toolkit
CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION ...... 1 2 THE CURRENT SITUATION ...... 2
2.1 ARSON ...... 2 2.1.1 Scale/location ...... 2 2.1.2 Impact ...... 4 2.1.3 Current measures ...... 5 2.2 FLY-TIPPING ...... 7 2.2.1 Scale/location ...... 7 2.2.2 Impact ...... 8 2.2.3 Current measures ...... 9 2.3 ILLEGAL OFF-ROADING ...... 10 2.3.1 Scale/location ...... 10 2.3.2 Impact ...... 11 2.3.3 Current measures ...... 11 3 BEST PRACTICE REVIEW ...... 12
3.1 INTRODUCTION ...... 12 3.2 ARSON ...... 12 3.3 FLY-TIPPING ...... 13 3.4 ILLEGAL OFF-ROADING ...... 14 3.4.1 Physical measures ...... 14 3.4.2 Enforcement measures ...... 17 3.4.3 Education measures ...... 18 3.4.4 Provision ...... 20 4 TELEPHONE CONSULTATIONS ...... 21 5 WORKSHOP ...... 24 6 TOOLKIT ...... 25 7 NEXT STEPS ...... 54 8 REFERENCES ...... 56 APPENDIX A ...... 58
FIGURES
Figure 1.1 - Map showing the study area and county boundaries. Data sourced from the Ordnance Survey. . 1 Figure 1.2 - Process diagram...... 2 Figure 2.1 - Deliberate primary and secondary grassland, woodland and crop fires by financial year (Welsh Government, [n.d.])...... 2 Figure 2.2 - Deliberate primary and secondary grassland, woodland and crop fires by area (2009-2014) (Welsh Government, [n.d.])...... 3 Figure 2.3 - Deliberate primary and secondary grassland, woodland and crop fires by month and financial year (South Wales) (Welsh Government, [n.d.])...... 4 Figure 2.4 - Bernie the Sheep; a project delivered by Mid & West Wales and South Wales Fire and Rescue Services to engage with communities regarding the deliberate setting of wildfires...... 6 Figure 2.5 - South Wales Fire & Rescue Service mobile app...... 6
Uplands Landscape Crime Toolkit Prepared by TACP for Job Number: 2176 Torfaen County Borough Council -i- South-east Wales Uplands Landscape Crime Toolkit
Figure 2.6 - Fly-tipping cases (2010-2014). Data sourced from StatsWales (Welsh Government) and the Ordnance Survey...... 7 Figure 2.7 - Fly-tipping cost (£) (2010-2014). Data sourced from StatsWales (Welsh Government) and the Ordnance Survey...... 9 Figure 3.1 - Flymapper project - a web and mobile based intelligence gathering tool for fly-tipping...... 14 Figure 3.2 - the Defence Infrastructure Organisation's 'Greenlaning Good Practice Guide' leaflet...... 19 Figure 3.3 - Screen grab of map from www.offroadfun.org detailing activities recognised in South-east Wales...... 19 Figure 3.4 - Cardiff Moto-X centre - located on a piece of wasteland in Cardiff Bay (Google Maps)...... 21 Figure 7.1 - Delivery structure flow chart ...... 55
TABLES
Table 4.1 - Summary of the suggested driving forces behind arson, fly-tipping and illegal off-roading gathered during the phone consultations...... 22 Table 5.1 - Stakeholders invited to this workshop...... 24 Table 6.1 – Toolkit...... 25
PHOTOS
Photo 2.1 - Fire damage at Abercynon (April 2015)...... 5 Photo 2.2 - Fly-tipping (Asbestos and mixed other rubbish) on Llanhilleth Mountain Common - May 2015. . 10 Photo 2.3 - Damage caused by illegal off-roading adjacent to the River Clydach (on the A465 Section 3 scheme) – March 2015...... 11 Photo 3.1 - Access hardening with a locked gate on Mynydd Maen Common. This example would be difficult for a 4X4 vehicle to pass but a motorbike would be able to pass to the right...... 17
Uplands Landscape Crime Toolkit Prepared by TACP for Job Number: 2176 Torfaen County Borough Council -ii- South-east Wales Uplands Landscape Crime Toolkit
1 INTRODUCTION
TACP was commissioned by Torfaen County Borough Council to develop a toolkit for tackling land- scape crime within an area encompassed by Torfaen County Borough Council, Caerphilly County Bor- ough Council and Blaenau Gwent County Borough Council. It also included areas of Merthyr Tydfil and Rhondda Cynon Taff County Borough Council areas and extends eastwards into Monmouthshire (see Figure 1.1). The principle landscape crimes addressed by this toolkit are arson, fly-tipping and illegal off-roading. The commission is on behalf of the partners involved in the South-east Wales Uplands Nature Fund Project.
Figure 1.1 - Map showing the study area and county boundaries. Data sourced from the Ordnance Survey.
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The project is funded through the Welsh Government’s Nature Fund which was a £6m fund announced in 2013 by the Minister for Natural Resources & Food. Its aim is to improve the resilience of nature and support the needs of society by promoting joined-up, collaborative and area based actions.
TACP has reviewed best practice from around the UK and carried out telephone consultations with some of the relevant stakeholders. The results of the best practice review and telephone consulta- tions are presented within this report. Upon completion of these a workshop was held with relevant stakeholders to begin developing the toolkit.
Best practice Phone Production of Workshop review consultations final toolkit
Figure 1.2 - Process diagram.
2 THE CURRENT SITUATION
2.1 Arson
2.1.1 Scale/location
During 2013/14, there were 2,023 incidents of deliberate grassland, woodland and crop fires across South Wales (Welsh Government, [n.d.]). Although a significant decrease from 4,117 in 2010/11, this represents a rise from 1,032 in 2012/13 (see Figure 2.1). This has been in-part attributed to the eco- nomic climate putting pressure on personal income (Arson Control Forum, 2009; Joint Arson Group, [n.d.]).
Deliberate primary and secondary grassland, woodland and crop fires by financial year 7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14
South Wales Wales
Figure 2.1 - Deliberate primary and secondary grassland, woodland and crop fires by financial year (Welsh Government, [n.d.]).
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Across Wales’ three Fire and Rescue Services (FRS) the distribution of deliberate grassland, woodland and crop fires varies significantly. Over the previous four financial years (2009/10 – 2013/14) 66 % of all deliberate grassland, woodland and crop fires occurred in South Wales (see Figure 2.2) (Welsh Government, [n.d.]).
Deliberate primary and secondary grassland, woodland and crop fires by area (2009-2014)
South Wales Mid and West Wales North Wales
9%
25%
66%
Figure 2.2 - Deliberate primary and secondary grassland, woodland and crop fires by area (2009-2014) (Welsh Government, [n.d.]). Throughout April and May 2015 there were some high profile events which attracted significant media coverage, especially over the Easter weekend in the South-east Wales Uplands. This follows a pattern that is presented in Figure 2.3; that of a seasonal problem which peaks in March/April followed by a steady decline through the summer months.
The motives driving the perpetrators are varied and hard to comprehend, making them difficult to break down and tackle in a systematic way. 40 % of all arson is committed by young people motivated by boredom and vandalism, and less than 7 % of all arson results in prosecution (Essex County Fire & Rescue Service, 2011). There are also some individuals who simply get satisfaction out of lighting fires and enjoy the risk element that it involves (Joint Arson Group, [n.d.]). In South Wales, there appears to be a traditional aspect behind the deliberate setting of wildfires which is passed down through generations with excuses such as ‘my father used to do it’ being used. Games played by young people include seeing how many fire engines specific fires can attract with higher numbers presumably at- tracting more ‘street-cred.’
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Deliberate primary and secondary grassland, woodland and crop fires by month and financial year (South Wales) 1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14
Figure 2.3 - Deliberate primary and secondary grassland, woodland and crop fires by month and financial year (South Wales) (Welsh Government, [n.d.]). 2.1.2 Impact
Wildfires, started deliberately or not, pose a significant threat to property and life, both to those who live nearby and also to the firefighters sent to extinguish them.
Wildfires also significantly damage the environment, killing wildlife both directly and indirectly through habitat destruction and altering soil properties. Vegetation growth is often higher in areas which have been burnt than those that have not due to the enhanced soil nutrient levels. On the surface this seems to be a positive but it can create problems for graziers by encouraging sheep and other livestock to roam great distances to get to fresh regrowth making livestock management more difficult.
Historically, the attribution of costs associated with arson have not taken into account the effect on society (i.e. the damage to infrastructure and loss of amenities) or the environment (i.e. the impact on tourism or loss of habitat). During 2010/11 the cost of arson across Wales was conservatively estimated to be over £73 million.
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Photo 2.1 - Fire damage at Abercynon (April 2015). 2.1.3 Current measures
Annually, South Wales and Mid & West Wales FRS launch ‘Operation Wildfire’ to tackle the problem of wildfires across the region (South Wales Fire and Rescue Service, n.d.). This is a multi-sector ap- proach to tackling the problem (including the FRS, National Parks and Natural Resources Wales) which aims to inform the public about the dangers (both direct and indirect) associated with deliberately starting wildfires and utilise diversionary and enforcement tactics to try and reduce the scale of the problem. Operation Wildfire is part of a wider range of schemes run by the two FRSs in order to tackle this problem:
Operation Wildfire is the improvement of operational effectiveness by: o developing new techniques for tackling wildfires; o utilising new equipment; and o wildfire fire-fighting training of stakeholders (including the National Parks and Natural Resources Wales) The ‘Bernie’ project (see Figure 2.4) is the engagement with local communities to: o deliver initiatives to reduce deliberate setting of wildfires through outlets such as the web (http://www.bernie.uk.com/) and social media (including videos on YouTube); and o provide diversionary activities for those who may resort to setting wildfires Land management including: o the implementation of practices in upland management plans (e.g. fire breaks); and o the education of landowners about effective and safe controlled burning
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Figure 2.4 - Bernie the Sheep; a project delivered by Mid & West Wales and South Wales Fire and Rescue Services to engage with communities regarding the deliberate setting of wildfires. The South Wales Fire and Rescue Service engage with young people and communities through educa- tion and run an active Young Firefighters program which gets children as young as 13 involved in the FRS, teaching them about the dangers of arson. Between May 18th and 22nd 2015 they ran Arson Week which involved a series of educational and community engagement activities. They plan on working with the National Probation Service to get young people who have offended to be a firefighter for a day and take the opportunity to teach them about the dangers of arson.
South Wales Fire & Rescue Service’s mobile app is a bi-lingual application giving an insight into the Fire Crime Unit (see Figure 2.5). The app covers a vast amount of diverse information from deliberate fires to domestic abuse and includes a number of interactive forms, which are linked directly to the Fire Crime office. These interactive forms enable the submission of Arson Vulnerability Assessments along with the locations of disused gas cylinders and fly-tipping, both of which present fire/arson risks.
Figure 2.5 - South Wales Fire & Rescue Service mobile app.
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2.2 Fly-tipping
2.2.1 Scale/location
Fly-tipping is a widespread problem across the entire study area (see Figure 2.6) with a total of 13,603 cases of fly-tipping over the previous five years (Caerphilly – 9,946; Blaenau Gwent – 1,461; Torfaen – 2,196) (Welsh Government, [n.d.]). Perpetrators include both tradesman (usually builders dumping building materials) and individuals dumping household waste. Laybys and rural lanes are often tar- geted with perpetrators leaving piles of white goods or building materials.
Figure 2.6 - Fly-tipping cases (2010-2014). Data sourced from StatsWales (Welsh Government) and the Ord- nance Survey. There are a variety of reasons why fly-tipping occurs (Welsh Government, 2015):
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Many incidences of fly-tipping are organised by criminals to gain financial rewards and under- mine the role of registered waste carriers; a crime of opportunity - there is a low perceived risk of getting caught; ignorance of responsibility to dispose of waste safely and properly with registered waste car- riers; disregard of visual and cost consequences of fly-tipping on local environment; and increased cost of waste removal for businesses and householders.
2.2.2 Impact
The Local Authorities, who are responsible for clearing up the illegally tipped waste, spend a consid- erable amount of money (see Figure 2.7) which could be better directed to either preventing the prob- lem or on other priorities. Over the past five years £798,446 has been spent clearing after fly-tipping (Caerphilly – £602,766; Blaenau Gwent – £67,510; Torfaen – £128,170).
Fly-tipping is also beginning to affect planning applications in the area; wind turbine applications have been affected as the access roads are seen as potential fly-tipping hotspots.
Fly tipping poses a threat to humans and wildlife, damages the environment and spoils the enjoyment of towns and the surrounding countryside (National Fly-Tipping Prevention Group, 2014). It has been found to help the spread of disease and lead to soil contamination (Webb, et al., 2006). It also under- mines the businesses operating legitimately in the waste disposal sector as they are unable to com- pete with the lower prices charged by individuals operating outside of the law. Other businesses and individuals also find themselves suffering as potential clients are not attracted to areas and property is susceptible to a drop in value (National Fly-Tipping Prevention Group, 2014).
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Figure 2.7 - Fly-tipping cost (£) (2010-2014). Data sourced from StatsWales (Welsh Government) and the Ord- nance Survey. South-east Wales attracts a high number of tourists, which may begin to decline if the problem of fly- tipping continues.
2.2.3 Current measures
Fly-tipping Action Wales, through the Flycapture project has been tackling the problem across Wales. Fly-capture is a national fly-tipping database for England and Wales which was established in 2004 by the Department of Environmental, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA). It was introduced in response to the requirements of the Anti-Social Behaviour Act 2003 and aims to help Local Authorities and Natural Resources Wales (NRW) tackle fly-tipping. Statistics are produced on an annual basis which allows for the nature, extent and scale of fly-tipping to be demonstrated on both a national and more local level (Welsh Government, 2014b). The project has gathered data from Welsh Local Authorities and other partner organisations’ employees through mobile apps. The data is collated in a central database and
Uplands Landscape Crime Toolkit Prepared by TACP for Job Number: 2176 Torfaen County Borough Council -9- South-east Wales Uplands Landscape Crime Toolkit is available to all partner organisations. All 22 Welsh Local Authorities are partnered with the program along with approximately 30 other organisations.
Fly-tipping Action Wales conducts fly-tipping forums and works cross-sector with the police and Fire and Rescue Services. They also promote the use of Local Authority waste disposal options (including bulky item collections) and third-sector organisations.
Photo 2.2 - Fly-tipping (Asbestos and mixed other rubbish) on Llanhilleth Mountain Common - May 2015. Torfaen County Borough Council’s Street Scene department has an Abandoned Vehicles policy which details their commitment to investigate reports of abandoned vehicles on Council owned land and, if appropriate, arrange the removal of such cars from the highway. They will then investigate whether the vehicle has been abandoned and carry out checks to see whether it has been stolen or involved in an accident.
2.3 Illegal off-roading
2.3.1 Scale/location
Illegal off-roading is a significant and widespread issue spanning the entire study area. The locations for illegal off-roading are chosen for the challenge they provide to perpetrators or for local conven- ience. For example, people in the past have travelled to the area from as far afield as Liverpool and the location chosen was almost certainly picked for the challenge it presented. Conversely, locals are more likely to simply use the area of upland at the end of a lane or adjacent to a housing estate.
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2.3.2 Impact
With illegal off-roading within the landscape, in sometimes very sensitive ecological areas, significant damage to the environment has been done. Erosion scars can be seen on many of the hills across the area which degrades the area’s naturally high aesthetic qualities. Ultimately this already does, or will in the future, have an impact on tourism and therefore, on the local economy too.
Some of the greatest impacts are felt by the Commoners who graze the uplands with livestock over large areas. At worst, livestock have been killed by those illegally off-roading but at best are left dis- placed or stressed as a result of it. The latter can have a significant impact on livestock, particularly during lambing or calving season with instances of miscarriage and even death reportedly higher amongst stressed animals (Kerr, 2006). In addition to the direct impacts on livestock, Commoners face intimidation and confrontation from those illegally off-roading.
Photo 2.3 - Damage caused by illegal off-roading adjacent to the River Clydach (on the A465 Section 3 scheme) – March 2015. 2.3.3 Current measures
Some measures have been taken to restrict access through ‘target hardening’ which is essentially tak- ing measures to make access difficult with the idea that a strong, visible defence will deter or delay access. For example, where the common lies adjacent to a housing estate, barriers have been put up to prevent direct access. Some of these have been constructed and funded by the Commoners Asso- ciations themselves and some have been funded by the Nature Fund.
South Wales Police have previously directed resources to tackling illegal off-roading (and other land- scape crime) through secondments to the Forgotten Landscapes Partnership. However, these have since ended and the policing of these issues is now carried out by PCs and PCSOs posted to the area. There is some off-road capacity within the police force but it does not cover the full area and resources are scarce. The police have a range of legislation they are able to use to tackle the problem of illegal off-roading which culminates in Section 59 of the Police Reform Act 2002, Part 4, Chapter. This section
Uplands Landscape Crime Toolkit Prepared by TACP for Job Number: 2176 Torfaen County Borough Council -11- South-east Wales Uplands Landscape Crime Toolkit allows them to seize vehicles under certain circumstances. Concerns have been raised over the en- acting of this power due to the cost of impounding vehicles which the following extract from a Cam- bridgeshire Constabulary report on the Police Reform Act 2002 alludes to:
‘The success of using this power depends on police officers NOT abusing the sys- tem, in recovering end of life vehicles or vehicles where the owner is not known. The RMSL [Recovery Management Services Limited] contract has been reworked to accommodate S59 Police Reform Act but abuse of the scheme WILL lead to increase costs to the Constabulary with non payment of fees for ‘end of life’ /’no keeper’ vehicles’ (Dighton & Stonebridge, 2009, p. 5)
3 BEST PRACTICE REVIEW
3.1 Introduction
A review of best practice for tackling landscape crime was carried out to identify methods which may prove successful in the South-east Wales Uplands. Best practice was sourced from Wales, the wider UK and further afield if appropriate. The aim was to identify relevant practices and therefore, not everything is summarised below; only that which it was felt may have an impact in the study area. The following organisations and documents were reviewed and a variety of searches online were carried out.
Arson Control Forum o Annual Report Sept 2008 - Sept 2009 Defence Infrastructure Organisation o Salisbury Plain Training Area Greenlaning Good Practice Guide Defra o Regulating the use of motor vehicles on public rights of way and off road o Illegal use of public rights of way and green spaces with public access by mechanically propelled vehicles Essex County Fire & Rescue Service o Arson Reduction Strategy Joint Arson Group o Wales Arson Reduction Strategy 2012-2015 National Fly-Tipping Prevention Group South Wales Fire and Rescue Service Wales Off-road Motors Steering Group o Report 2010 Welsh Government o A Fly-tipping Free Wales – Our strategy for tackling fly-tipping Trail Riders Fellowship The Green Lane Association Treadlightly! UK
3.2 Arson
A single approach to tackling arson is not the answer – an approach to deal with financially motivated arson will not necessarily combat psychologically motivated arson (Essex County Fire & Rescue
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Service, 2011). A strategy is required that allows for regional application and local flexibility in ad- dressing specific arson issues (Joint Arson Group, [n.d.]). The Wales Arson Reduction Strategy 2012- 2015 ([n.d.]) outlines the following best practice for reducing arson across Wales:
Prevention o Work closely with partners to build stronger and more cohesive communities o Provide targeted information and advice o Education o Intervening early when antisocial behaviour is noticed o Provision of alternative activities Protection o Provide information and advice on interventions to communities Response o Ensure appropriate responses have been delivered by recording events, actions and analysing this o Working with other agencies to secure detection leading to suitable forms of justice or intervention
3.3 Fly-tipping
The Welsh Government (2014a) in their consultation document A Fly-tipping Free Wales – Our strat- egy for tackling fly-tipping, identified the following six key components of best practice for reducing the problem of fly-tipping across Wales:
A Partnership approach o Fly-tipping Action Wales’ work has shown that a truly collaborative approach to tack- ling fly-tipping is necessary. Understanding the scale of the problem o A comprehensive data set that covers both public and private land is important as it will enable the effective targeting of resources to the most affected communities. Improved education o Many householders and businesses are unaware of their responsibility to dispose of their waste safely, legally and responsibly. It is therefore, important to educate eve- ryone so that they know how they can value their waste as a resource and what they can do to tackle fly-tipping in their communities. Appropriate waste provision o A lack of adequate waste facilities is often cited as a reason why people fly-tip. Further evidence is required to assess whether this is a problem for Wales. An intelligence led approach to enforcement o Building enforcement capability across Wales will be key to ensuring that fly-tippers are caught and punished appropriately. Private Land o Private landowners are currently required to remove fly-tipped waste from their own land. This is seen as an onerous burden and private landowners would like to work together with regulatory authorities to progress a way forward.
It has also been noted that Fixed Penalty Notices may be more effective than the current method of prosecution which is through the courts; a both timely and costly process (Perchard, 2015).
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Intelligence sharing is critical as perpetrators are easily able to move to a neighbouring area should action be stepped up in one (Perchard, 2015). In an effort to aid reporting and facilitate the sharing of data, Fly-tipping Action Wales (in a joint initiative with Zero Waste Scotland) is currently piloting Flymapper with a number of Local Authorities across Wales – these however, do not include the Local Authorities within the study area. This is an app (with associated online mapping service) which logs the precise locations of fly-tipping in a database making monitoring the issue easier (see Figure 3.1). It is different from the existing Flycapture project as it is more precise with respect to the locations, recording instances of fly-tipping against exact coordinates as opposed to areas such as an entire Local Authority.
Figure 3.1 - Flymapper project - a web and mobile based intelligence gathering tool for fly-tipping. 3.4 Illegal off-roading
Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs (2007) identified four principle means to managing illegal off-roading which are:
1. physical measures; 2. enforcement measures; 3. education measures; and 4. alterative provisions.
3.4.1 Physical measures
Physical measures to manage illegal off-roading include:
boundary measures (i.e. physical barriers);
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signs; and point of entry measures.
Each of these present different management issues and degrees of success. For example physical measures may be effective at stopping the use of illegal off-roading but they also present an incon- venience to authorised users such as pedestrians, users with disabilities/mobility problems, cyclists and horse riders. They also present potential problems for the emergency services both in enforcing this problem but also others such as the FRS and arson/natural fires affecting heathland. In some cases they can also represent a significant cost both in the establishment of them but also going for- wards with respect to maintenance and repair costs.
3.4.1.1 Boundary Measures Boundary measures provide a very effective means of constraining the movement of illegal off-road- ers. Illegal off-roading was identified over 30 years ago in the New Forest and since then extensive work involving physical barriers has been undertaken to try and reduce the problem. These include the development of earth bunds around the edges of car parks with large ditches separating the two to try and discourage illegal off-roaders entering into areas they are not authorised to operate in. Not only are these highly effective but in the New Forest they are also not out of character with the sur- rounding landscape.
Boundary measures include:
ditches; berms; stock proof fencing; post and rail fencing; dragon’s teeth using wooden posts or rocks; iron railings; and heavy duty steel barriers.
Although particularly appropriate for areas of high visual and environmental sensitivity such as SSSI and NPs, they can still look out of place and be destructive to natural habitats. They are also rendered useless if circumnavigating them is possible which highlights the importance of planning their loca- tions carefully.
Best practice requires a design which allows authorised users to continue without disruption; stops illegal off-roading; and is in-keeping with the character of the sur- rounding landscape.
3.4.1.2 Signage It has been recognised that the existence of clear signage is in many cases a prerequisite for the police being able to successfully pursue action against perpetrators as it removes their ability to claim igno- rance. They are also one of the cheaper options to managing this problem and help authorised users of problem areas feel more confident to challenge perpetrators. That said, it is easy for perpetrators to ignore them and therefore, they are only effective in preventing law-abiding people from uninten- tionally breaking the law. Whilst it is easy to sign a ‘route’ it is however, very difficult to sign a larger problem area.
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Best practice requires signs that give clear and concise messages and thereby, min- imise the chances of misinterpretation; are correctly and frequently positioned ei- ther at the point of entry from the road network or in car parks; are long-lasting and vandal proof; and are in keeping with the character of the surrounding land- scape.
3.4.1.3 Point-of-Entry Measures There are a variety of point-of-entry measures which can be taken including:
unlocked gates and barriers which discourage entry rather than prevent it; locked gates and barriers; and specialist barriers designed to allow non-motorised users to pass.
Unlocked gates only prevent law abiding people from illegal off-roading and are more effective if ac- companied by adequate signage. On the plus side, they do pose an advantage to authorised users who use them regularly such as graziers of Common Land as they allow transit across boundaries with minimal disruption. That said however, they are susceptible to being left open by people who use them regularly which consequently renders them ineffective.
Locked gates on the other hand provide a clear message to illegal off-roaders that they are not au- thorised to use the land or route the other side of the boundary. This makes them effective against all but the most determined of illegal off-roader but, as a result of this, makes them susceptible to vandalism in the event that someone goes to great lengths pass through them. Locked gates are widely used by the Forestry Commission who use the same key across all sites for ease of access and to facilitate contractors working on their behalf (Defra (2007). Therefore, there is the potential for these keys to enter the hands of illegal off-roaders for the purposes of gaining access to Forestry Com- mission land.
Best practice requires that where unlocked gates are installed adequate and clear signage accompanies them and that they are closed after every use.
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Photo 3.1 - Access hardening with a locked gate on Mynydd Maen Common. This example would be difficult for a 4X4 vehicle to pass but a motorbike would be able to pass to the right. 3.4.2 Enforcement measures
The Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs (2007) identified six enforcement based approaches to managing illegal off-roading which are:
Occasional significant multi-sector exercises; Ensuring the availability of appropriate vehicles for officers to use; Using officers who know the area well; Using officers who understand the powers at their disposal well; A continuing presence to ensure low level enforcement; and A means of recording, classifying and sharing incidents/perpetrators/vehicles.
South-east Kent Police have tried directly targeting of known hotspots in the county of Kent which has been declared a success (Defra, 2005). Kent Police ran operation Freedown during September 2003 in an area of Chalk Grassland designated a SSSI. This led to warnings, arrests, prosecutions and the seizure of 9 vehicles. Although the operation required the use of undercover officers which was re- source intensive, it sent a clear message to the community and perpetrators about the severity of the issue.
The Elan Valley Enforcement and Education Initiative was a three year project which finished in 2009 (Wales Off-road Motors Steering Group, 2010). It was run by Dyfed-Powys Police with support from the Countryside Council for Wales (now Natural Resources Wales) and the Elan Valley Trust. Its pri- mary aims were to reduce illegal off-roading which has an impact on sites designated for nature con- servation and public rights of way within the Elan Valley. The following tactics were used:
a visible police presence acting as a deterrent; providing information and education to local residents, businesses and visitors to the area; targeting those who may be encouraging or suspected of undertaking unlawful activities; and the development of operational plans to deliver high impact operations at identified hot spot locations.
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Humberside Police have adopted an enforcement centric approach (Defra, 2005). Here police patrol rural bridleways on trial motorbikes to clamp down on nuisance riders. They aim to catch unqualified and uninsured bikers and issue warning letters to owners of vehicles using them illegally. These warn- ings form an important component of Section 59 of the Police Reform Act 2002 allowing progression to the next step; the impounding of vehicles.
West Yorkshire Police in Killingbeck (Leeds) formed an off road motorcycle unit in June 2001 (Defra, 2005). They are a major component of the police force’s off road policing policy. This is an example of a predominantly inner city approach but the problem still generates the same issues; intimidation and damage. This scheme is considered best practice within the West Yorkshire Police and the unit hold training days within the force and further afield to impart knowledge. In 2004 they issued 390 Section 59 warnings, seized 100 vehicles (worth over £60,000) and arrested 62 offenders.
Best practice requires the relevant equipment and local knowledge combined with the firm application of the law and education. A continued presence (and not just at times of specific exercises) is necessary.
3.4.3 Education measures
The Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs (2007) identified five educational means to managing illegal off-roading which are:
Poster campaigns with information on where it is legal to off-road; Distribution of leaflets with similar information; Working directly with off-roaders (i.e. individuals and clubs); Working with schools; and Working with driver training agencies.
Bromley’s Community Safe Partnership funded off-road bikes for the area’s police force (these are painted a distinctive yellow) (Defra, 2005). They have been patrolling the area in conjunction with the Bromley Borough’s Park Ranger Service and have also taken the message that nuisance riding is unac- ceptable and illegal into schools and integrated it into the road safety advice and training given by Bromley Council. In the three months prior to the scheme there were over 100 complaints of illegal off-road activity but this reduced 10 complaints (90% reduction) in the first three months of the scheme being in place.
The Ministry of Defence’s Salisbury Plain Training Area is widely used by off-roaders and other users. In order to try and ensure the interests of all users are met, including those of the military, the Defence Infrastructure Organisation has published a Greenlaning Good Practice Guide leaflet (Defence Infrastructure Organisation, [n.d]). This has been endorsed by the Green Lane Association, Trea- dlightly! UK, the Train Riders Fellowship, Wiltshire Council and Wilshire & Swindon Countryside Access Forum. It explains to users of off-road vehicles where they can and cannot drive/ride and issues a series of good practice guidelines which include:
using only permitted roads; giving way to military personnel and vehicles, walkers, horse riders and cyclists; ensuring that the driver and vehicle are fully road-legal; keeping to the defined track; travelling at a quiet and unobtrusive pace; and
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paying attention to the ‘The Four Ws’ - the weather, weight and width of vehicles and avoiding the use of winches
Figure 3.2 - the Defence Infrastructure Organisation's 'Greenlaning Good Practice Guide' leaflet. Treadlightly! UK have published and maintain www.offroadfun.org; an online off-road activity register which details the whereabouts of accommodation, clubs, experience days, ‘pay 2 play’ areas, race tracks and events. This website allows users to register and then leave feedback on the different activities they have attended. Figure 3.3 shows the activities listed on this website in South-east Wales. There is currently a small number of these but there is definitely scope to expand this service to cover the study area more comprehensively.
Figure 3.3 - Screen grab of map from www.offroadfun.org detailing activities recognised in South-east Wales.
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Best practice requires working directly with perpetrators to make sure they’re aware of the law and the consequences (both for themselves and others/the envi- ronment) of their activities. Educational materials (leaflets, videos, presentations etc.) and delivery mechanisms (online, social media etc.) need developing).
3.4.4 Provision
The Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs (2007) identified three measures for tackling illegal off-roading which involve alternative provision; these include:
Neighbourhood off road activity; Off-road trail riding; and Practice for off-road events.
The Safer Swansea Partnership have tried tackling the problem of illegal off-roading by first educating, then providing alternative provision before finally resorting to enforcement (Defra, 2005). Petrol sta- tions have also been asked not to sell fuel to underage motorcyclists, only to adult motorcyclists who are willing to provide personal details. South Wales Police have used ‘all terrain’ bikes to access areas of land which have previously been inaccessible to traditional patrol vehicles. They also work closely with other agencies throughout the region and utilise other means of surveillance such as horses and helicopters. They have also developed alternative sites with on-site workshops to help develop the skills of the riders.
The Dave Thorpe Honda Off Road Centre in Ynyswbwl near Pontypridd provides one-to-one, taster day and group activities on off-road motorbikes. The centre is run by Dave Thorpe, a four-time World Champion and he and his staff provide expert training in the skills required to handle off-road motor- bikes.
The Cardiff Moto-X project is an excellent example of how enforcement, education and provision, when applied together can significantly reduce the problem of illegal off-roading (Wales Off-road Motors Steering Group, 2010). Cardiff County Council initially worked closely with South Wales Police to target illegal off-roaders with increased enforcement. Cardiff County Council installed barriers and fencing for parks, whilst South Wales Police, in a specially purchased and branded vehicle, increased the presence and impounding of vehicles in difficult to reach areas.
Whilst this was successful (this phase of the project achieved a 70 % resolution rate across ~5000 incidents), both Cardiff County Council and South Wales Police found it to be unsustainable moving forwards. Therefore, Cardiff County Council looked to establish alternative provision. They developed a site on a piece of wasteland adjacent to the steelworks in Cardiff Bay for use by off-roaders (this site had been previously used for fly-tipping so by developing it for off-roading two problems were being tackled). All levels of skill are catered for and expert/elite riders are allowed to use the site for free in exchange for mentoring riders coming through the referral scheme. This phase of the project ex- ceeded expectations and achieved a 64 % reduction in off-road related anti-social behaviour. The facility is now run in partnership by Foreshore MXC and Cardiff County Council and is currently under- going a revamp before reopening (see Figure 3.4).
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Figure 3.4 - Cardiff Moto-X centre - located on a piece of wasteland in Cardiff Bay (Google Maps). Best practice requires the establishment of safe and challenging off-roading cen- tres. Careful consideration is required to A) ensure people are able to access it (financially and physically) and B) that illegal off-roading is not inadvertently pro- moted.
4 TELEPHONE CONSULTATIONS
Telephone consultations were carried out in order to review the problem of arson, fly-tipping and illegal off-roading in the area. Considerable work has been carried out in the past to try and tackle these problems and therefore, it was important to get a baseline understanding of progress to-date in order to make sure that the tools developed during this process are both relevant and not repetitive.
An example of the questionnaire can be found in appendix A.
A summary of the suggested driving forces behind arson, fly-tipping and illegal off-roading gathered during the phone consultations are presented below in Table 4.1.
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Table 4.1 - Summary of the suggested driving forces behind arson, fly-tipping and illegal off-roading gathered during the phone consultations. Activity Issue Details Under-grazing has caused extensive areas of tall grass and bracken susceptible to burning. Arson Under-grazing Conservation schemes and other activities (e.g. dog walking) have led to it. This is seen to be exacerbating the problem of fly-tipping as people are now having to Fly-tipping Closure of local refuse centres drive longer distances to dispose of household waste. There is only anecdotal evidence supporting this. Fly-tipping Economy driving illegal disposal of waste Not just builders (as it typically has been in the past) with individuals now doing it. Fly-tipping Poor planning during improvements Some lanes/laybys are being improved but these are then being adopted by fly-tippers. Fly-tipping Policy leniency It is perhaps too easy to get a waste disposal license. Fly-tipping Statutory duty not present At present Local Authorities are not required to investigate fly-tipping, just clear it up. The police appear to be concerned about chasing individuals illegally off-roading as they Illegal off-roading The police are not giving chase to the perpetrators when caught are worried about endangering the lives of the perpetrators and innocent bystand- ers/other motorists. This is thought to be related to the cost of impounding and crushing the large number of The police are not seizing vehicles when perpetrators are caught Illegal off-roading vehicles which have no official owner or are valued less by their owners than the cost of illegally off-roading releasing them. Illegal off-roading Parents are buying their children (sometimes expensive) motorbikes. Educating young people (both by the state and parents) Illegal off-roading Education on the dangers of arson is needed. People often don’t know that what they’re doing is illegal – when told they then leave the area and seek out a legal location. Illegal off-roading Ignorance Lack of information about where to go – signage is often lacking. Some explanation of why Illegal off-roading it is important to keep to track in an SSSI for example may help. It would also help mem- bers of the public feel empowered to challenge/report perpetrators. Illegal off-roading Confrontation is on the rise Acts of aggression being reported more and more. Opinion that every LA should accommodate off-roading provision in LDP. Illegal off-roading Lack of provision/poor management of it Provision needs managing to make sure it remains engaging (i.e. challenging) and access to and from it is adequate. For example to fund police officers specifically to fight landscape crime along with specific Cross-cutting The police need more funding equipment (motorbikes etc.). Cross-cutting People cite tradition as a reason for carrying out illegal off-roading (perhaps they feel own- History (tradition and previous policy) Cross-cutting ership of these often seemingly ‘unowned’ areas of land).
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Activity Issue Details Cross-cutting c. 20 years ago off-roading was encouraged in the mountains in an attempt to tackle the problems in urban areas (this policy, although now antiquated has perhaps left a legacy). Arson is considered by some to be a tradition. The approach different councils take to tackling these problems ranges from good to bad Cross-cutting The councils need more funding but this is not always due to a lack of desire, rather a lack of funding in some cases. Cross-cutting Time of when the funding is released is also important. Cross-cutting The landowners need more funds The Commoners Associations need more resources. These people are out to cause trouble and know what they are doing is wrong. Cross-cutting Sheer criminal activity Closure of c. 50 % of vehicular routes throughout England and Wales – moved the problem Cross-cutting elsewhere essentially (NERCAT 2005). Cross-cutting Cross-sector and boundary collaboration Tackling these issues need a joined up approach across all sectors and areas. In some cases the fines levied on individuals/time in jail is disproportionate the extent of Cross-cutting Penalties/law are too lenient the crime. Cross-cutting PCSOs do not have the same impact as PCs as they do not have the same powers. Some people have little pride in the area they live – educating them about the importance Cross-cutting Feelings of pride and sense of belonging are low of the habitats and cultural heritage may help.
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5 WORKSHOP
A workshop was organised to which relevant stakeholders were invited (see Table 5.1). During this workshop stakeholders were informed more about the project along with its progress and findings to- date. Representatives from Fly-tipping Action Wales (Gary Inight), Treadlightly! UK (Duncan Green) and the South Wales Fire and Rescue (Matt Guerin) were invited to briefly present the work that they have been carrying out to tackle fly-tipping, illegal off-roading and arson respectively.
The final and main component of the workshop was the development of the toolkit. Groups were formed with cross sector and boundary representation and template toolkits were completed. These formed the basis of the toolkit presented in section 6 of this report.
Table 5.1 - Stakeholders invited to this workshop. Name Organisation Anita Banks Commoners Association Anthony Price Commoners Association Chris Engel Blaenau Gwent County Borough Council John Pym Brecon Beacons National Park Authority Judith Harvey Brecon Beacons National Park Authority Julian Atkins Brecon Beacons National Park Authority Ruth Coulthard Brecon Beacons National Park Authority Steve Smith Brecon Beacons National Park Authority Alison Jones Caerphilly County Borough Council Phil Griffiths Caerphilly County Borough Council Gary Inight Fly Tipping Action Wales Steven Rogers Forgotten Landscape Partnership Matthew Williams Gwent Police Nicholas McLain Gwent Police Nigel Callard Gwent Police Simon James Gwent Police Helen Howells Natural Resources Wales Mark Scaife Natural Resources Wales Rhys Hughes Natural Resources Wales Matt Guerin South Wales Fire and Rescue Service Alvin Nicholas Torfaen County Borough Council Andrew Osborne Torfaen County Borough Council Mark Panniers Torfaen County Borough Council Steve Williams Torfaen County Borough Council Duncan Green Tread Lightly UK Helen Griffiths Welsh Government Leon Parkes Welsh Government Rob Bailey Welsh Government Steve Pomeroy Welsh Government
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6 TOOLKIT
Table 6.1 – Toolkit.
Potential Fund- Theme Action Details Partners Lead Agency Notes Location ing Source
Crime
Year/s
Current stage
Risk (ofRisk failing to
make a difference) Review grazing areas to Consider similar ensure high risk fire areas schemes being South Wales Fire and are grazed sufficiently. run by Natural Rescue Service, Com- Land manage- Collaboration between Commoners As- Glastir/Natural Resources Wales SE Wales Up- Not 1 Review grazing moners Associations, Low
Arson ment South Wales Fire and Res- sociations Resources Wales in Rhondda lands started Local Authorities, land cue Service and land Cynon Taff and owners owners/Commoner Asso- uplands resource ciations will be vital. management. Review the position and extent of fire breaks across the area to protect This is being car- high risk areas. Collabo- ried out over 71 South Wales Fire and ration between South sq. km around Rescue Service, Com- Wales Fire and Rescue the Blaenavon Land manage- Review fire moners Associations, Commoners As- SE Wales Up- In pro- 1 Service and land own- Glastir WHS through the Low
Arson ment breaks Local Authorities, land sociations lands gress ers/Commoner Associa- Forgotten Land- owners, Natural Re- tions will be vital. Differ- scapes Project in sources Wales ent methods need con- liaison with the sideration (i.e. cutting, Commoners burning and use of herbi- cide)
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Potential Fund- Theme Action Details Partners Lead Agency Notes Location ing Source
Crime
Year/s
Current stage
Risk (ofRisk failing to
make a difference) Produce materials and deliver presentations. South Wales Fire and Raise aware- This should be focussed Rescue Service/Local South Wales Fire ness within lo- SE Wales Up- In pro- 1 Education on the communities in Authorities/Gwent Po- and Rescue Ser- Low
Arson cal communi- lands gress high risk areas, such as lice/Gwent Wildlife vice ties those adjacent to areas Trust of heathland. Release videos detailing Launch a the process involved in range of age- fighting a wildfire (i.e. specific media rushing to a scene, dan- South Wales Fire and campaigns gers for firefighters whilst South Wales Fire Education/ Rescue Service/Local SE Wales Up- In pro- 1 online (Face- tackling a fire, the risk for and Rescue Ser- Low
Arson Social media Authorities/Gwent Po- lands gress book, Twitter, land/property owners vice lice YouTube etc.) and life and the damage and on the ra- caused). Expand and dio/TV publicise Operation Ber- nie more widely. These could include bush Consider working craft, the planting of South Wales Fire and with the Come Use diversion- trees or, with careful Rescue Service, private Outside! team at ary tactics to Alternative pro- management, controlled sector, Commoners As- Natural Re- SE Wales Up- In pro- 2-4 occupy poten- Local Authorities Low
Arson vision burning. To be rolled out sociations/Local Au- sources Wales to lands gress tial perpetra- closely with Commoners thorities/Gwent Po- identify potential tors Associations and private lice/Groundwork activities and sector providers. groups to target.
Uplands Landscape Crime Toolkit Prepared by TACP for Job Number: 2176 Torfaen County Borough Council -26- South-east Wales Uplands Landscape Crime Toolkit
Potential Fund- Theme Action Details Partners Lead Agency Notes Location ing Source
Crime
Year/s
Current stage
Risk (ofRisk failing to
make a difference) Educate them of the risks to themselves and others, the physical damage they may cause and the finan- cial burden of their ac- tions. Roll out 'fire- South Wales Fire and fighter-for-a-day' pro- Rescue Service, Na- gram further and perhaps tional Probation Ser- Engage with South Wales Fire consider similar programs vice, Youth Offending Local Authori- SE Wales Up- In pro- 2-4 Education potential of- and Rescue Ser- Low such as 'land-manager- Service, Communities ties/FRS lands gress Arson fenders vice for-a-day' or 'farmer-for- First, schools, Ground- a-day' to educate poten- work, The Conservation tial offenders about the Volunteers impacts their actions can have. Work with the Na- tional Probation Service to implement and deliver these. Ensure they are aware of their responsibilities and South Wales Fire and provide them with train- Rescue Service, Com- Land manage- SE Wales Up- Engage with ing and the necessary moners Associations, Natural Re- In pro- 2-4 ment/ lands/South Low
Arson land owners tools (e.g. herbicide, cut- Local Authorities, land sources Wales gress Education Wales/Wales ting tools, boundary ma- owners, Natural Re- terials) to manage their sources Wales land effectively.
Uplands Landscape Crime Toolkit Prepared by TACP for Job Number: 2176 Torfaen County Borough Council -27- South-east Wales Uplands Landscape Crime Toolkit
Potential Fund- Theme Action Details Partners Lead Agency Notes Location ing Source
Crime
Year/s
Current stage
Risk (ofRisk failing to
make a difference) It would help significantly if regularly used fly tip sites and off-roading ac- cess points were mapped. All partners would then know where these sites are and could put in place relevant Police, Fly-tipping Ac- Consider in con- measures. Arson is less tion Wales, FRS, Local SE Wales Up- Develop map- junction with Not
cutting
- 1 Intelligence easy to deal with in this Authorities, Common- Local Authorities lands/South Low ping system other intelligence started regard but understanding ers Associations, Land Wales/Wales tools Cross what access is available Owners to the commons, what size emergency vehicles access points can accom- modate and where water sources exist would be very helpful in respond- ing to fires
Uplands Landscape Crime Toolkit Prepared by TACP for Job Number: 2176 Torfaen County Borough Council -28- South-east Wales Uplands Landscape Crime Toolkit
Potential Fund- Theme Action Details Partners Lead Agency Notes Location ing Source
Crime
Year/s
Current stage
Risk (ofRisk failing to
make a difference) At present crimes are re- ported individually and receive a unique crime number. Whilst this is important (from an evi- dence gathering point-of- view) it would also be useful if all arson, fly-tip- ping or illegal off-roading reported was assigned a number specific to that SE Wales Up- Review report Not
cutting
- 1 Reporting type of crime. This may Gwent Police Gwent Police lands/South Low mechanisms started make the tracking of per- Wales/Wales
Cross petrators easier and ena- ble statistics relating to the scale of problems to be produced more easily. This method has been un- officially used to help track illegal off-roading in parts of the study area via the non-emergency 101 service.
Uplands Landscape Crime Toolkit Prepared by TACP for Job Number: 2176 Torfaen County Borough Council -29- South-east Wales Uplands Landscape Crime Toolkit
Potential Fund- Theme Action Details Partners Lead Agency Notes Location ing Source
Crime
Year/s
Current stage
Risk (ofRisk failing to
make a difference) Make sure those that are responsible for enforcing the law know about the powers at their disposal
Gwent Police, Natural (which are relevant to Resources Wales, Local Train (and al- their area of operation) SE Wales Up- Authorities, Fly-tipping Not
cutting
- 1 Enforcement low) others to and consider allowing Gwent Police lands/South High Action Wales, South started enforce others (i.e. rangers, LA of- Wales Wales Fire and Rescue Cross ficers) to enforce the law Service too. Chief Constables can delegate powers to other agencies but appropriate training will be required.
Uplands Landscape Crime Toolkit Prepared by TACP for Job Number: 2176 Torfaen County Borough Council -30- South-east Wales Uplands Landscape Crime Toolkit
Potential Fund- Theme Action Details Partners Lead Agency Notes Location ing Source
Crime
Year/s
Current stage
Risk (ofRisk failing to
make a difference) Develop volunteer net- work for helping to en- force the law (through erecting signage and re- porting incidents to the police) and clear up the effects of landscape Treadlightly! UK (and crime (i.e. returning land- their members), The
scape to original condi- Conservation Volun- tion and removing fly- Recruit, train teers, Fly-tipping Action SE Wales Up- tipped waste). It is im- Not
cutting
- 1 Enforcement and manage Wales, Local Authori- Local Authorities WG lands/South High portant to also consider started volunteers ties, Gwent Police, local Wales the volunteer-authority Cross volunteer groups, user link and ensure that peo- groups (e.g. rambling ple are made responsible groups etc.) for managing volunteers. Careful consideration of the activities volunteers are expected to be in- volved in along with any insurance required will be important.
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Potential Fund- Theme Action Details Partners Lead Agency Notes Location ing Source
Crime
Year/s
Current stage
Risk (ofRisk failing to
make a difference) Fly-tipping and illegal off- roading is more of a problem on and around bank holidays and arson is worse during the Sum- mer months when the weather is dry for pro- Gwent Police, South
longed periods. Target- Wales Fire and Rescue ing known/potential Service, Fly-tipping Ac- Better tar- SE Wales Up- hotspots during these tion Wales, Trea- Gwent Po- In pro-
cutting
- 1 Enforcement geted enforce- Gwent Police lands/South Low times will potentially dlightly! UK, Common- lice/WG gress ment Wales catch more perpetrators ers Associations, Local Cross and send a clear mes- Authorities, land own- sage. It will be essential ers to maintain presence dur- ing 'off-peak' times too though in order to not simply shift the problem to alternative times of the year.
Uplands Landscape Crime Toolkit Prepared by TACP for Job Number: 2176 Torfaen County Borough Council -32- South-east Wales Uplands Landscape Crime Toolkit
Potential Fund- Theme Action Details Partners Lead Agency Notes Location ing Source
Crime
Year/s
Current stage
Risk (ofRisk failing to
make a difference) Installing fencing and Careful to con- gateways may help lead sider the needs of Installing fenc- to a decline in illegal off- Commoners Associa- the police and es- ing/ roading by making access tions, Local Authorities, pecially the fire Physical Glastir/ SE Wales Up- In pro-
cutting
- 1 gateways and to areas more difficult. land owners, Fly-tip- Local Authorities and rescue ser- Low measures Local Authorities lands gress other physical Blocking of laybys and ping Action Wales, vice so as to not
Cross measures large verges with boul- Treadlightly! UK make access for ders/logs may lead to a them overly diffi- decline in fly-tipping. cult.
Uplands Landscape Crime Toolkit Prepared by TACP for Job Number: 2176 Torfaen County Borough Council -33- South-east Wales Uplands Landscape Crime Toolkit
Potential Fund- Theme Action Details Partners Lead Agency Notes Location ing Source
Crime
Year/s
Current stage
Risk (ofRisk failing to
make a difference) The development of one app for reporting all land- scape crime so that the public are not confused about which to use. This will require better com- munication between stat-
utory authorities to pool resources. Marketing via Gwent Police, South Reporting/ Review/ SE Wales Up- traditional and online Wales Fire and Rescue In pro-
cutting
- 1 Mobile technol- launch mobile Gwent Police lands/South Medium channels in order to in- Service, Fly-tipping Ac- gress ogy apps Wales/Wales form the public of its tion Wales Cross availability will also be es- sential. Existing providers of mobile apps (South Wales Fire and Rescue Service and Fly-tipping Action Wales) should pool resources to develop one go-to app.
Uplands Landscape Crime Toolkit Prepared by TACP for Job Number: 2176 Torfaen County Borough Council -34- South-east Wales Uplands Landscape Crime Toolkit
Potential Fund- Theme Action Details Partners Lead Agency Notes Location ing Source
Crime
Year/s
Current stage
Risk (ofRisk failing to
make a difference) Promoting healthy and sustainable outdoor life- styles for the area's young people will help to boost their health and build a sense of pride in themselves and their South Wales Fire and area. This can be Rescue Service, Na- Ensure activities
achieved via some of the tional Probation Ser- available also of- Invest in other tools mentioned in vice, Youth Offending fer a ‘thrill’ to young peo- Alternative pro- this toolkit, specifically Service, Communities help successfully SE Wales Up- Not
cutting
- 2-4 ples’ health Local Authorities Low vision those aimed at develop- First, schools, Ground- turn people from lands started and social ing teams of volunteers work, The Conservation crime to the al- Cross well-being and educating people Volunteers, Gwent Po- ternatives of- about the area and its lice, Fly-tipping Action fered. management. Activities Wales, NHS (i.e. dry stone walling, hedge/tree planting and habitat restoration), some perhaps residential, could be run during school holidays.
Uplands Landscape Crime Toolkit Prepared by TACP for Job Number: 2176 Torfaen County Borough Council -35- South-east Wales Uplands Landscape Crime Toolkit
Potential Fund- Theme Action Details Partners Lead Agency Notes Location ing Source
Crime
Year/s
Current stage
Risk (ofRisk failing to
make a difference) Consider implementing new legislation to provide more proportionate out- comes for offences and offenders. Existing legis- Gwent Police, Crown Review alongside lation does not always act Prosecution Service, the Anti-social SE Wales Up- Prosecution & Review cur- Not
cutting
- 2-4 as a deterrent to offend- South Wales Fire and Gwent Police behaviour, Crime lands/South Low legislation rent legislation started ers committing landscape Rescue Service, Fly-tip- and Policing Act Wales/Wales
Cross crime. Consider using ping Action Wales 2014. other legislation such as wildlife crime as this can carry a heavier and more proportionate sentence.
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Potential Fund- Theme Action Details Partners Lead Agency Notes Location ing Source
Crime
Year/s
Current stage
Risk (ofRisk failing to
make a difference) Work with schools/col- leges/universities in the area to develop a range of courses for young peo- ple to take in land man- Local Authorities, state agement. Working and private education
closely with the National sectors, Natural Re- Introduce ap- Probation Service could sources Wales, Com- prenticeship be considered in order to SE Wales Up- Not
cutting
- 2-4 Education moners Associations, Local Authorities Medium land manage- help with the rehabilita- lands started land owners, private ment course tion of existing offenders. Cross sector, Crown Prosecu- The Crown Prosecution tion Service, Gwent Po- Service and Gwent Police lice could also be involved in order to direct offenders to the course/s as an al- ternative to traditional punishments.
Uplands Landscape Crime Toolkit Prepared by TACP for Job Number: 2176 Torfaen County Borough Council -37- South-east Wales Uplands Landscape Crime Toolkit
Potential Fund- Theme Action Details Partners Lead Agency Notes Location ing Source
Crime
Year/s
Current stage
Risk (ofRisk failing to
make a difference) The development of bet- ter information sharing protocols between part- Develop a ners should promote evi-
multi-sector, dence gathering, cross- cross-bound- Police, Fly-tipping Ac- sector working, identify SE Wales Up- ary and cross- tion Wales, FRS, Local Not
cutting
- 2-4 Intelligence trends and links between Gwent Police lands/South Medium issue intelli- Authorities, intelligence started crimes and increase the Wales/Wales gence gather- gathering agencies Cross number of prosecutions. ing and analy- A system which allows sis system multiple organisations with differing levels of ac- cess is required.
Uplands Landscape Crime Toolkit Prepared by TACP for Job Number: 2176 Torfaen County Borough Council -38- South-east Wales Uplands Landscape Crime Toolkit
Potential Fund- Theme Action Details Partners Lead Agency Notes Location ing Source
Crime
Year/s
Current stage
Risk (ofRisk failing to
make a difference) In order to stop the movement of the prob- lem to neighbouring ar- eas when tackling it is achieved in one area
alone. Potentially de- Gwent Police, FRS, Fly- Develop cross- velop a land management tipping Action Wales, SE Wales Up- boundary and strategy for Wales includ- Natural Re- Not
cutting
- 5-10 Policy Treadlightly! UK, Local lands/South Medium multi-sector ing all these crimes. sources Wales started Authorities, Natural Re- Wales/Wales policies Upon review of this Cross sources Wales, WG toolkit’s progress, con- sider using the SE Wales Uplands and this toolkit as an example of best practice for other areas in Wales. Carry out a cost- Research the link be- benefit analysis
tween distance to Local between Local Review waste Authority waste disposal SE Wales Up- Alternative pro- Local Authorities, Fly- Fly-tipping Action Authority waste Not 1 disposal site sites and the number of lands/South Low
tipping
- vision tipping Action Wales Wales collections vs the started provision fly-tipping incidents to Wales
Fly costs of clearing see if this cause is anec- waste which has dotal or not. been fly-tipped.
Uplands Landscape Crime Toolkit Prepared by TACP for Job Number: 2176 Torfaen County Borough Council -39- South-east Wales Uplands Landscape Crime Toolkit
Potential Fund- Theme Action Details Partners Lead Agency Notes Location ing Source
Crime
Year/s
Current stage
Risk (ofRisk failing to
make a difference) Consider directing the proceeds generated from Review the Local Authorities, Fly- SE Wales Up- landfill tax towards tack- Fly-tipping Action Not 1 Policy use of landfill tipping Action Wales, lands/South Low
tipping
- ling the problem of fly- Wales started tax WG Wales/Wales
Fly tipping across the region and further afield. The installation (along with necessary signage) of surveillance cameras at known and potential hotspots. These should
Commoners Associa- include software which tions, Local Authorities, Deploy surveil- detects movement in or- Fly-tipping Action SE Wales Up- Not 1 Intelligence land owners, Fly-tip- Medium
tipping
- lance cameras der to notify the appro- Wales lands started ping Action Wales,
Fly priate authorities of sus- Gwent Police picious activity. This may initially be Fly-tipping Ac- tion Wales who could then inform the police if necessary.
Uplands Landscape Crime Toolkit Prepared by TACP for Job Number: 2176 Torfaen County Borough Council -40- South-east Wales Uplands Landscape Crime Toolkit
Potential Fund- Theme Action Details Partners Lead Agency Notes Location ing Source
Crime
Year/s
Current stage
Risk (ofRisk failing to
make a difference) Signs may re- Erect more signage quire planning throughout the area and permission. in known/potential
hotspots to deter individ- Commoners Associa- Seek agreement uals from fly-tipping. Fo- tions, Local Planning Physical Increase sign- Fly-tipping Action with LAs and SE Wales Up- In pro- 1 cus should be on remote Authorities, land own- Medium
tipping
- measures age Wales BBNPA planners lands gress laybys and rural roads ers, Fly-tipping Action
Fly to waive need for with further consultation Wales individual appli- with Fly-tipping Action cations under Wales to identify other umbrella agree- sites. ment
Uplands Landscape Crime Toolkit Prepared by TACP for Job Number: 2176 Torfaen County Borough Council -41- South-east Wales Uplands Landscape Crime Toolkit
Potential Fund- Theme Action Details Partners Lead Agency Notes Location ing Source
Crime
Year/s
Current stage
Risk (ofRisk failing to
make a difference) At present Local Authori- ties have a statutory duty to clear up any waste that has been fly-tipped and it is important to ensure
that those responsible are aware of these legal Local Authorities, Relevant to aban- SE Wales Up- Review statu- Fly-tipping Action Not 2-4 Policy duties. However, they do Gwent Police, Fly-tip- doned vehicles lands/South Low
tipping
- tory duties Wales started not currently have a stat- ping Action Wales too. Wales/Wales Fly utory duty to investigate it further in order to try and achieve prosecution. If this was introduced then it may attract more attention and funding. Introduce a scheme whereby local businesses who operate in the waste
disposal sector are ac- Introduce a Consider along- credited by a governing Private sector, Local SE Wales Up- waste disposal Fly-tipping Action side existing Not 2-4 Policy body. This will enable the Authorities, Fly-tipping lands/South Medium
tipping
- accreditation Wales Waste Handlers started public and other busi- Action Wales Wales/Wales
Fly scheme License. nesses to make better in- formed decisions about who they contract to dis- pose of their waste.
Uplands Landscape Crime Toolkit Prepared by TACP for Job Number: 2176 Torfaen County Borough Council -42- South-east Wales Uplands Landscape Crime Toolkit
Potential Fund- Theme Action Details Partners Lead Agency Notes Location ing Source
Crime
Year/s
Current stage
Risk (ofRisk failing to
make a difference) Introduce a permanent scheme which enables people to trade-in any old appliances for money off Introduce towards a new one. SE Wales Up- Consider along- trade-in These schemes already Private sector, Fly-tip- Fly-tipping Action Retail outlets, lands/ Not 2-4 Policy side the WEEE Di- Medium
tipping
- schemes for exist along with a joint ping Action Wales Wales manufacturers South Wales/ started rective.
Fly white goods delivery and collection Wales/UK service but coverage is patchy and sometimes they are time-limited pro- motions only.
Uplands Landscape Crime Toolkit Prepared by TACP for Job Number: 2176 Torfaen County Borough Council -43- South-east Wales Uplands Landscape Crime Toolkit
Potential Fund- Theme Action Details Partners Lead Agency Notes Location ing Source
Crime
Year/s
Current stage
Risk (ofRisk failing to
make a difference) When purchases of white-goods are made record the serial number of that device along with the name and address of the purchaser (this often happens already with guarantees). Similar pro- cesses already occur at Record serial
the point-of-sale for TVs numbers and SE Wales Up- where in some cases it is Consider along- owners of Private sector, Fly-tip- Fly-tipping Action Retail outlets, lands/ Not 2-4 Policy checked if the purchaser side the WEEE Di- High
tipping
- white-goods ping Action Wales Wales manufacturers South Wales/ started holds a TV license. Any rective.
Fly at point-of- Wales/UK white-goods found fly- sale tipped can then be tracked back to the origi- nal owner. Considera- tions required will include how sales of second-hand goods are managed along with the ease at which serial numbers can be re- moved.
Uplands Landscape Crime Toolkit Prepared by TACP for Job Number: 2176 Torfaen County Borough Council -44- South-east Wales Uplands Landscape Crime Toolkit
Potential Fund- Theme Action Details Partners Lead Agency Notes Location ing Source
Crime
Year/s
Current stage
Risk (ofRisk failing to
make a difference) In order that those who
do not have road-legal Provide a vehicles or are not old means of HoV Development enough to drive on public
roading
- Alternative pro- transportation Company, Gwent Po- SE Wales Up- Not 1 roads can easily access Local Authorities Low vision to and from le- lice, private sector, Lo- lands started any alterative provision. gal off-roading cal Authorities An example of best prac-
Illegal offIllegal sites tice is the Cardiff MotoX Site Project. If funding was available to established user
groups who take part in off-roading within the law Alternative pro- Fund estab- then these groups could
roading
- Treadlightly! UK, fund- SE Wales Up- Not 1 vision/ lished user- expand to promote the Treadlightly! UK Low ing bodies lands started Education groups legal participation in the sport. They could also Illegal offIllegal provide training in maintenance and off- roading skills.
Uplands Landscape Crime Toolkit Prepared by TACP for Job Number: 2176 Torfaen County Borough Council -45- South-east Wales Uplands Landscape Crime Toolkit
Potential Fund- Theme Action Details Partners Lead Agency Notes Location ing Source
Crime
Year/s
Current stage
Risk (ofRisk failing to
make a difference) Release videos highlight-
ing the issue from differ- offroadfun.org ent perspectives (i.e. already exists Develop social landowners, police, farm- Treadlightly! UK, Local (run by Trea- SE Wales Up-
roading
- media/ Not 1 Education ers, walkers etc.). Include Authorities, private sec- Treadlightly! UK dlightly! UK) and lands/South Low online cam- started educational materials de- tor may be expanded Wales/Wales paign tailing where off-roading to cater for this Illegal offIllegal can be carried out within too. the law. Work with fuel providers Hand out infor- to find methods of re- mation leaflets stricting access to fuel for when fuel is sold those who use it for un- to off-road bikers.
lawful purposes. Record- Make sure all lo- Restrict access ing the names and ad- cal garages are in- to fuel for
roading
- dresses of people pur- Private sector, Gwent volved in the SE Wales Up- Not 1 Policy those who use Gwent Police Low chasing petrol for off- Police scheme in order lands started it for unlawful road bikes may act as a to not single out purposes
Illegal offIllegal deterrent for illegal use specific garages as, in conjunction with which could re- forecourt CCTV the police sult in a decline in might be able to trace business for them more easily. them.
Uplands Landscape Crime Toolkit Prepared by TACP for Job Number: 2176 Torfaen County Borough Council -46- South-east Wales Uplands Landscape Crime Toolkit
Potential Fund- Theme Action Details Partners Lead Agency Notes Location ing Source
Crime
Year/s
Current stage
Risk (ofRisk failing to
make a difference) Investigate the develop- ment of other similar sites too (both private
and public ownership). Welsh Govern- Perhaps Commoners As- Re-open ment would need Alternative pro- sociations could take it in Local Authorities, land
roading
- Green Valley to be consulted SE Wales Up- Not 1 vision/ turn to host a site for a owners, Treadlightly! Local Authorities Medium Motocross with regarding lands started Education duration of time or within UK, Welsh Government Track change of use of larger Commons the site
Illegal offIllegal Common Land. could move around in or- der to allow relief for the landscape and those liv- ing in the area.
Uplands Landscape Crime Toolkit Prepared by TACP for Job Number: 2176 Torfaen County Borough Council -47- South-east Wales Uplands Landscape Crime Toolkit
Potential Fund- Theme Action Details Partners Lead Agency Notes Location ing Source
Crime
Year/s
Current stage
Risk (ofRisk failing to
make a difference) This would create a rec- ord of involvement which is within the law and help promote participation at designated sites by en- couraging users from one
Introduce a site to another. It could 'passport' sys- be developed further into Alternative pro- Treadlightly! UK, Local
roading
- tem whereby an electronic passport SE Wales Up- Not 1 vision/ Authorities, private sec- Treadlightly! UK Medium individuals get (using location based ser- lands started Social media tor stamped on vices on smartphones)
Illegal offIllegal and off a site with social media integra- tion so that individuals can share their activities and earn 'points' for visit- ing particular sites (there are similar schemes for ski resorts).
Uplands Landscape Crime Toolkit Prepared by TACP for Job Number: 2176 Torfaen County Borough Council -48- South-east Wales Uplands Landscape Crime Toolkit
Potential Fund- Theme Action Details Partners Lead Agency Notes Location ing Source
Crime
Year/s
Current stage
Risk (ofRisk failing to
make a difference) To direct people to legal sites for off-roading with location based services. Location based services
could be used to inform people when they may be in an area where off- SE Wales Up-
roading
- Mobile technol- Launch off- Tie-in with of- Not 1 roading is illegal. Apps Treadlightly! UK Treadlightly! UK lands/South Medium ogy roading app froadfun.org started could also be a means for Wales/Wales reporting illegal off-road- Illegal offIllegal ing by those operating within the law. Consider this alongside other apps for area (i.e. more report- ing-centric apps)
Uplands Landscape Crime Toolkit Prepared by TACP for Job Number: 2176 Torfaen County Borough Council -49- South-east Wales Uplands Landscape Crime Toolkit
Potential Fund- Theme Action Details Partners Lead Agency Notes Location ing Source
Crime
Year/s
Current stage
Risk (ofRisk failing to
make a difference) Develop and deliver edu- cational presenta- tions/material to local communities and other
user groups (e.g. ram- bling groups) to inform Work with lo- them of the law (and why
roading
- cal communi- Treadlightly! UK, Local SE Wales Up- In pro- 1 Education it exists - i.e. the damage Treadlightly! UK Low ties and other Authorities lands gress caused etc.) and what user groups other provision is availa- Illegal offIllegal ble if they wish to off- road legally. This will em- power those who en- counter illegal off-roading to report it.
Uplands Landscape Crime Toolkit Prepared by TACP for Job Number: 2176 Torfaen County Borough Council -50- South-east Wales Uplands Landscape Crime Toolkit
Potential Fund- Theme Action Details Partners Lead Agency Notes Location ing Source
Crime
Year/s
Current stage
Risk (ofRisk failing to
make a difference) Throughout the area to waymark legal routes and inform users of the con- notations and reasons against venturing into ar- eas where it is illegal to off-road. Other user
groups (i.e. rambling groups) will know then Local Authorities, Com- also know when an indi-
roading
- Physical Increase sign- moners Associations, SE Wales Up- In pro- 1 vidual is illegally off-road- Treadlightly! UK Medium measures age land owners, Trea- lands gress ing and will therefore, be dlightly! UK more empowered to re- Illegal offIllegal port it. It would support the police too by allowing them to use Section 59 powers more effectively (these require a warning to have been issued prior to any action being taken).
Uplands Landscape Crime Toolkit Prepared by TACP for Job Number: 2176 Torfaen County Borough Council -51- South-east Wales Uplands Landscape Crime Toolkit
Potential Fund- Theme Action Details Partners Lead Agency Notes Location ing Source
Crime
Year/s
Current stage
Risk (ofRisk failing to
make a difference) Important not to Investigate means of en- increase the cir- suring Section 59 powers culation of cheap to seize vehicles are im- off-road vehicles.
plemented effectively. Stripping vehicles and selling parts Promote sei- SE Wales Up-
roading
- Policy/ Developing a scheme for might be consid- Not 2-4 zure of vehi- Gwent Police Gwent Police lands/South Low Enforcement the police to sell im- ered. It is im- started cles Wales/Wales pounded vehicles may re- portant to also
Illegal offIllegal move some of the finan- publicise that ve- cial burden associated hicles are being with impounding ‘end of impounded/sold life’ /’no keeper’ vehicles. in order to deter others. Consider the Potential to also
- I.e. cafes, equipment Alternative pro- development Local Authorities, land use offroad- shops and training cen- SE Wales Up- Not 2-4 vision/ of an industry owners, Treadlightly! Local Authorities fun.org to help Medium tres (maintenance and lands started
roading Education supporting off- UK develop/publicise Illegal offIllegal off-roading skills etc.) road centres this.
Uplands Landscape Crime Toolkit Prepared by TACP for Job Number: 2176 Torfaen County Borough Council -52- South-east Wales Uplands Landscape Crime Toolkit
Potential Fund- Theme Action Details Partners Lead Agency Notes Location ing Source
Crime
Year/s
Current stage
Risk (ofRisk failing to
make a difference) Careful management will be required to ensure that this champions legal off-roading and does not Consider the simply encourage illegal development off-roading elsewhere. HoV Development Alternative pro- of a partner-
roading
- Potential to deliver train- Company, Local Au- HoV Develop- SE Wales Up- Not 2-4 vision/ ship with the Local Authorities Medium ing to individuals includ- thorities, Treadlightly! ment Company lands started Education Circuit of ing maintenance and off- UK Wales if it
Illegal offIllegal roading skills. Other cir- goes ahead cuits in the UK offer off- roading in the middle of the circuit, between the tracks.
Uplands Landscape Crime Toolkit Prepared by TACP for Job Number: 2176 Torfaen County Borough Council -53- South-east Wales Uplands Landscape Crime Toolkit
7 NEXT STEPS
The toolkit has been developed so that it identifies a number of the tools that are already being carried out and either need continuing or changing slightly to fulfil their potential or cover a wider area. Some of the new tools proposed require little to no management structure and therefore, can be imple- mented almost immediately by individual Local Authorities. These ‘quick-wins’ have the opportunity to improve the existing situation and pave the way for those tools which require more of a delivery structure and therefore, time to progress.
Perhaps one of the most important outcomes of this study is the requirement for a more joined-up and cross-boundary approach to dealing with these crimes. On-the-whole, the crimes are not location specific and therefore, tackling them effectively in one area has the potential to force perpetrators into neighbouring areas or beyond. This is a particular risk with illegal off-roading and fly-tipping but even arson to an extent (depending on motives). The need for collaborative cross-boundary working has been identified from the telephone consultations and workshop and the best practice review has highlighted that this is integral to successful intervention.
A move away from an emphasis on enforcement and ‘cleaning-up’ to prevention and education is necessary in order to make tackling the three crimes more effective. This approach will be more sus- tainable by harbouring a sense of pride in the local area and social responsibility amongst potential perpetrators.
In order to ensure that the toolkit is adopted and rolled out fully it is recommended that a lead organ- isation is responsible for managing the overall delivery (see Figure 7.1). It is important that robust yet simple reporting mechanisms are established in order to monitor the progress of the complete toolkit and its individual tools. There are a number of potential organisations that could fulfil this role includ- ing, but not limited to, the Local Authorities, Welsh Government, Natural Resources Wales and Gwent Police.
Due to the cross-boundary nature of the toolkit it is perhaps more suited to an organisation used to working across larger areas with multiple statutory bodies within its area. With this in mind, Natural Resources Wales are a likely candidate. However the local authorities have some experience of work- ing together to manage their natural resources across their respective boundaries, with one taking a lead for the wider partners. There is also scope for Torfaen County Borough Council to take on this role building on the Forgotten Landscapes Partnership work. Although relatively small, this initiative has successfully managed the regeneration of the Blaenavon area, although this approach would be subject to committed ongoing funding
The South East Wales Directors of Environment and Regeneration (SEWDER) brings together Local Authority leaders, Chief Executives and Managing Directors from across the unitary authorities within and around the study area. SEWDER is therefore, already cross-boundary and collaborative by nature and with its inclusion of unitary authorities surrounding the study area could promote buy-in from further afield too. It is recommended that SEWDER considers nominating a lead local authority to manage delivery of the Landscape Crime Toolkit.
Irrespective of which organisation is ultimately responsible for taking the overall toolkit forward it is recommended that the area be broken down into smaller areas (perhaps in-keeping with the current Local Authority areas) and that these have an individual appointed to manage delivery of specific pro- jects (see Figure 7.1).
Uplands Landscape Crime Toolkit Prepared by TACP for Job Number: 2176 Torfaen County Borough Council -54- South-east Wales Uplands Landscape Crime Toolkit
Figure 7.1 - Delivery structure flow chart The toolkit has been developed in such a way that it can be applied as its own entity. However, it should also be considered in the context of the SE Wales Uplands Natural Resource Management Plan. During the development of this management plan landscape crime was identified as a significant issue and implementing the tools would help ensure greater effectiveness of landscape and wildlife man- agement proposals.
This toolkit also represents an opportunity for Commoners Associations to attract funding to help them deliver on some of the tools developed. There is potential for them to form incorporated or- ganisations in order to supplement their incomes by delivering some of the tools developed (e.g. the land management course or alternative off-road provision). In order to attract funding it may be nec- essary for some or all of the Commoners Associations to form partnerships.
Key points:
One organisation should be appointed as lead to manage the delivery of the toolkit; smaller areas should have appointed individuals responsible for delivery within respective area; a move away from enforcement to prevention necessary; a more collaborative and cross-boundary approach needed.
Uplands Landscape Crime Toolkit Prepared by TACP for Job Number: 2176 Torfaen County Borough Council -55- South-east Wales Uplands Landscape Crime Toolkit
8 REFERENCES
Arson Control Forum, 2009. Annual Report Sept 2008 - Sept 2009, Tamworth: Chief Fire Officers Association.
Defence Infrastructure Organisation, [n.d]. Salisbury Plain Training Area Greenlaning Good Practice Guide. s.l.:Defence Infrastructure Organisation.
Defra, 2005. Regulating the use of motor vehicles on public rights of way and off road. London: Defra.
Defra, 2007. Illegal use of public rights of way and green spaces with public access by mechanically propelled vehicles. London: Defra.
Dighton, B. & Stonebridge, T., 2009. Anti-social Driving - Seizure of Vehicles Section 59 Police Reform Act Policy 2009, Cambridge: Cambridgeshire Constabulary.
Essex County Fire & Rescue Service, 2011. Arson Reduction Strategy, Witham: Essex County Fire & Rescue Service.
Joint Arson Group, [n.d.]. Wales Arson Reduction Strategy 2012-2015, s.l.: s.n.
Kerr, C., 2006. Stress in livestock. Canberra, RSPCA, pp. 35-41.
National Fly-Tipping Prevention Group, 2014. About fly-tipping. [Online] Available at: http://www.tacklingflytipping.com/aboutfly-tipping/1474
Perchard, E., 2015. New Strategy to Combat Fly-tipping in Wales. [Online] Available at: http://resource.co/article/new-strategy-combat-fly-tipping-wales-9875
South Wales Fire and Rescue Service, n.d.. Operation Wildfire 2013. [Online] Available at: http://www.southwales- fire.gov.uk/English/newsandevents/news/Pages/OperationWildfire2013.aspx [Accessed 27 March 2015].
Wales Off-road Motors Steering Group, 2010. Report 2010, Edinburgh: Forestry Commission Wales.
Webb, B., Marshall, B., Czarnomski, S. & Tilley, N., 2006. Fly-tipping: Causes, Incentives and Solutions, London: Jill Dando Institute of Crime Science, University College London.
Welsh Government, [n.d.]. StatsWales. [Online] Available at: https://statswales.wales.gov.uk/Catalogue [Accessed 6 June 2015].
Welsh Government, 2014a. A Fly-tipping Free Wales – Our strategy for tackling fly-tipping, Cardiff: Welsh Government.
Welsh Government, 2014b. Fly-capture - national fly-tipping database. [Online] Available at: http://gov.wales/topics/environmentcountryside/epq/cleanneighbour/flytipping/flycapture/?lang=e n
Uplands Landscape Crime Toolkit Prepared by TACP for Job Number: 2176 Torfaen County Borough Council -56- South-east Wales Uplands Landscape Crime Toolkit
Welsh Government, 2015. Fly-tipping. [Online] Available at: http://gov.wales/topics/environmentcountryside/epq/cleanneighbour/flytipping/?lang=en
Uplands Landscape Crime Toolkit Prepared by TACP for Job Number: 2176 Torfaen County Borough Council -57- South-east Wales Uplands Landscape Crime Toolkit
APPENDIX A
Phone consultation questionnaire
Uplands Landscape Crime Toolkit Prepared by TACP for Job Number: 2176 Torfaen County Borough Council -58- South-east Wales Uplands Landscape Crime Toolkit
Basic details o Date o Time o Stakeholder organisation o Name o Contact telephone number o Contact e-mail address o Nature of organisation . User group . Enforcement/Government agencies . Community group/Landowner o Geographic area served by organisation User group questions o What activities are you and your members involved in? o Where do you currently take part in these activities? o What steps do you take to ensure sustainable and legal participation? o What is your understanding of the law? o What do you think drive the participation in landscape crime and locations chosen? o Do you think that members are aware that they are committing an offence and would they be willing to change their behaviour if they did know? o What do you think will help the promotion of sustainable and legal participation? o Would you like to have more of a role in the promotion of this? Enforcement/government agency questions o What and where does landscape crime take place? o What do you think drive the participation in landscape crime and locations chosen? o What steps have you tried in the past to tackle the problem? Lessons learnt? o What steps does your organisation currently take to tackle landscape crime? o Do you work alongside any other agencies/groups? o What constrains your ability to tackle these problems? o In an ideal World, what additional steps would you take to tackle these problems? Community group/landowner questions o What and where does landscape crime take place in your area/on your land? o What do you think drive the participation in landscape crime and locations chosen? o How has this had an impact on you? . Financial . Physical damage . Emotional o Have you reported it to the appropriate agency? If no, why not? o Have you taken any action yourself to tackle this problem? . Fencing . CCTV . Reporting o What help have you had from enforcement/government agencies to tackle this problem? o What do you think will help to tackle this problem in the future? o Would you like to have more of a role in the promotion of this? o Would you be interested in the development, on your land or in your community, of a more formal setup for the participation in the activities currently taking place illegally? If no, why not?
Uplands Landscape Crime Toolkit Prepared by TACP for Job Number: 2176 Torfaen County Borough Council -59-