CHAPTER 3 Unami Creek/Ridge Valley Creek Conservation Landscape

The central feature of the Unami Creek/Ridge Valley Creek Conservation Landscape is a large block of unbroken forest bordering the Unami and Ridge Valley Creeks and covering the ridge that separates the two streams. This landscape is an important source area for birds and helps to maintain bird diversity elsewhere in the county. It is also supports six state listed species of and an extremely scenic landscape centered around the boulder-strewn Unami Creek.

Description Location The Unami Creek/Ridge Valley Creek Conservation Landscape occupies a broad swath of land extending northeast from the mouth of the Unami Creek to the Bucks County boundary (Figure 3.1). Containing 9,196 acres, it includes parts of Marlborough, Salford, and Upper Salford Townships. The valleys of the Unami and Ridge Valley Creeks and the ridge that separates them are the major landscape features. The landscape adjoins the Spring Moun- tain, Mill Hill/Deep Creek, and Upper /Green Lane Reservoir Conservation Landscapes to the west The Unami Creek in the Musser Scout Reservation (Figure 3.1). The Unami Creek/Ridge Valley Creek Conservation Landscape is part of the larger 16,000-acre Unami Forest, which extends into Bucks County.

Geology The landscape of the Unami and Ridge Valley Creek valleys is shaped by the broad zones of the Boyertown diabase sheet that encircle Red Hill, Green Lane, and Pennsburg and extend into Bucks and Lehigh Counties. Weathered, exposed diabase is responsible for the boulder- choked course of the Unami Creek and the ringing rocks boulder fi eld along Ridge Valley Creek. The northwestern one-third of the Unami/Ridge Valley Creek Conservation Landscape includes a second, narrower diabase dike and an area underlain by Brunswick Formation shales and sandstones (Figure 3.2). The landscape includes an active located on the north side of the Unami Creek near its

Natural Areas Inventory Update 2007 63 confl uence with the Perkiomen Creek where metamorphosed shale known as hornfels, is being extracted and crushed for use in road building.

Forest Cover Overall the area remains 67 percent forested, due to the unsuitability of the rugged, rocky hills for agriculture (Figure 3.3). It is one of few forested tracts of this size remaining in southeastern , exceeded in size only by the Hopewell Big Woods area that straddles the Berks/ Chester County boundary. An important characteristic is the presence of 3,738 acres of forest interior. The large blocks of unbroken forest and extensive areas of riparian forest habitat along the creeks constitute prime bird habitat.

Hydrology The landscape includes the Unami and Ridge Valley Creeks from the Bucks County border to their mouths. It also includes the lower portion of the Macoby Creek, a tributary that enters the Perkiomen Creek at Green Lane. The Unami Creek basin in Montgomery County (which in- cludes Ridge Valley Creek), is designated HQ-TSF (high quality, trout stocked fi shery). The Ma- coby Creek designation is TSF (trout stocked fi shery). The Unami Creek is dammed at two locations within the landscape, form- ing Lake Delmont and Long Lake in the Musser Scout Reservation. In addition the remains of a mill dam can still be seen closer to Sumneytown. Ridge Valley Creek is dammed to form Whites Mill Pond. Skymount Lake, another impoundment, is locat- ed on an unnamed tributary of Ridge Valley Creek. Stone arch bridge and early mill on the Unami Creek above Sumneytown The National Wetlands Inventory lists only 18.1 acres of wetlands within the landscape; most within the fl oodplains of the Unami and Ridge Valley Creeks or associated with the lakes at Camp Skymount and Whites Mill.

Critical Features Extensive areas of interior forest habitat are the most important feature of this landscape. In ad- dition, three high priority sites identifi ed in the 1995 Natural Areas Inventory are included: Ridge Valley Site, Whites Mill Meadow, and Whites Mill Swamp (Figure 3.4). Diversity – The presence of six PNHP-listed plant species was confi rmed during 2006- 2007: prairie phlox, Indian paintbrush, showy goldenrod, pinelands pimpernel, Mead’s sedge, and goldenseal.

64 Natural Areas Inventory Update 2007 Natural Areas Inventory Update 2007 65 66 Natural Areas Inventory Update 2007 Natural Areas Inventory Update 2007 67 68 Natural Areas Inventory Update 2007 Natural Areas Inventory Update 2007 69 Birds – One hundred and seventy-six (176) species of birds have been recorded in the Unami Creek Valley throughout the year in habitats ranging from interior forest, riparian forest, fl ood- plains, and grasslands to emergent wetlands and ponds. At least 30 species of concern have been noted (Table 3.1).

Table 3.1 — Bird Species of Conservation Concern in the Unami Creek Valley Important Bird Area (from Stell 2006)

Nesting Habitat Status Veery breeding forest interior Ovenbird breeding forest interior American Redstart breeding forest interior Scarlet Tanager breeding forest interior PIF regional responsibility Blue-gray Gnatcatcher breeding forest interior Black-and-white Warbler breeding forest interior Hooded Warbler breeding forest interior G5/S2S3B/CR Audubon Cerulean Warbler breeding riparian forest watch list (extirpated) Acadian Flycatcher breeding riparian forest PIF regional responsibility Audubon watch list, USFS Kentucky Warbler breeding riparian forest species of concern Worm-eating Warbler breeding riparian forest Audubon watch list Louisiana Waterthrush breeding riparian forest USFS species of concern Forest understory/ Wood Thrush breeding USFS species of concern ground Understory of mixed Swainson’s Thrush migrant, rare breeder S2/S3B/S5N CR forests Bay-breasted Warbler neotropical migrant USFS Region 5 Forest understory/ Canada Warbler neotropical migrant USFS Region 5, national ground Eastern screech owl breeding Deciduous woods PIF regional concern Forest understory/ Eastern Towhee breeding PIF regional concern ground Chimneys in residential Chinmey Swift breeding PIF regional concern structures Forest understory/ PIF continental concern/re- American Woodcock breeding ground gional responsibility USFS Region 5, national; Olive-sided Flycatcher fall migrant Riparian forest SXB PX G5 Great Blue Heron breeding (rookery present) Wooded swamps S3/S4B/S4N G5 Green Heron breeding Swampy thickets PIF wetland priority Little Blue Heron breeding? Riparian forest USFS national Prairie Warbler breeding Open woods, fi elds USFS Region 5, national Golden-winged Warbler breeding? Successional/thicket USFS Region 5, national Forest understory/ PIF piedmont concern; Northern Bobwhite breeding ground SZ/S3 CA PS American Black Duck breeding Riparian forest PIF piedmont concern

70 Natural Areas Inventory Update 2007 Blue-winged Warbler breeding Successional/thicket PIF piedmont concern Field Sparrow breeding PIF piedmont concern Greater Scaup migrant PIF piedmont concern Canvasback migrant PIF piedmont concern Redhead duck PIF piedmont concern PIF piedmont concern; S2B Osprey breeding Forested wetlands PT PT Green-winged Teal breeding S1/S2B/S3N CR Black-crowned Night Heron breeding? Wetlands and streams S2/S3B CA Northern Saw-whet Owl breeding? Coniferous woodlands S3B/S3N CU Great Egret breeding? Forested wetlands S1B PE

PIF=Partners in Flight, USFS=United States and Wildlife Service, G=global rank, S=state rank, C=candidate, PE=Pennsylvania endangered, PT=Pennsylvania threatened.

Past Uses Bean’s History of Montgomery County Land assessments for Marlborough Township in the 1800s distinguished between usable land and “rock land,” which was taxed at a lower rate. The streams powered gristmills, saw mills, fulling mills, (linseed) oil mills and (gun and blasting) powder mills. The forested hills were the source of timber for building material, fuel, and char- coal making. Charcoal was hauled to Green Lane to power the forge that was operated there from about 1733 until 1812 by the Maybury family and later by William Schall. Charcoal was also an ingredient in the manufacture of gun powder, a local industry that was centered in the vicinity of Sumneytown during the 1800s (see box 3.1).

Box 3.1 — Powder Mills in the Unami Creek Valley In 1865 there were 11 mills in Marlborough Township, most along the Unami Creek, producing 20 tons of powder daily. The production of powder involved mixing saltpeter and sulfur obtained from Philadel- phia with locally produced charcoal. Accidental explosions were not uncommon, usually caused when the mixture was not kept adequately moist during mixing or if a spark occurred during milling. Because of the danger, powder mills were usually located in thinly populated areas. Powder from the Unami Creek Valley supplied troops during the Civil War and was also shipped north on the Schuylkill Canal to the coal region for use in . It seems likely that it was also used in local quarrying of diabase to produce Belgian blocks for building and road construction. Evidence of quarrying, in the form of drill holes and split surfaces, is readily apparent on the wooded slopes along the Unami Creek.

Protection Status and Other Designations The 1,250-acre Musser Scout Reservation is protected under a conservation easement held by the Natural Lands Trust. In addition, an agreement has recently been reached to protect the 150-acre Diversifi ed Community Services Camp located along the Unami Creek between Camp Hart and Camp Delmont. The Natural Lands Trust also owns the 150-acre Fulshaw Craeg Preserve and holds easements on 1,368.5 acres in the Ridge Valley Creek/Unami Creek area (Figure 3.5). Publicly owned land includes 145.1 acres owned by Marlborough Township and 144.7 acres owned by Salford Township.

Natural Areas Inventory Update 2007 71 The Unami Hills area of Montgomery and Bucks Counties has been designated as one of the criti- cal treasures of the Pennsylvania portion of the Highlands Region by the Highlands Coalition. The Coalition Webpage describes the area as: The Unami Hills region of northern Montgomery County is part of a diabase rock for- mation that stretches across Bucks and Montgomery Counties. These rocky, wooded ridges form a conspicuous band of forest two to three miles wide from the Delaware River to central Montgomery County, including the Unami Creek Valley and that of the adjacent Ridge Valley Creek. The diabase zone constitutes the largest contiguous tract of forest remaining in these two counties, and provides important habitat for forest interior birds such as pileated woodpeckers, songbirds and other species that require large blocks of unfragmented forest.

In addition, Audubon Pennsylvania has designated a 9,945-acre area, which extends into Bucks County as the Unami Creek Valley Important Bird Area, citing the presence of breeding popula- tions of many forest interior and riparian corridor species as a major factor. A landscape conservation plan prepared by The Natural Lands Trust mapped habitat conserva- tion networks and established landscape conservation priorities for sustaining the ecological and cultural integrity of the area.

Core Areas Musser Scout Reservation Musser Scout Reservation is the site of three Boy Scout camps: Camp Hart, Camp Delmont, and Camp Garrison. The reservation occupies 1,250 acres along both sides of the Unami Creek. Ac- quired by the Boy Scouts beginning in 1918, the land remains primarily forested. Camp facili- ties are concentrated on the west side between the creek and Camp Road. Past Uses – The boulder-strewn streambed and steep rocky slopes of the Unami Creek valley limited agricultural use to small plots. However, the creek provided good sites for mills; 9 or 10 mills of various types operated along the Unami Creek in what is now the Musser Reservation during the 1700s and 1800s. While never cleared for agriculture, the forested slopes along the Unami were cut repeatedly for timber and the manufacture of charcoal. The forests of today are the result of regrowth. Timber harvesting continues; in the winter of 2005-2006 two tracts totaling approximately 200 acres were cut in the areas bounded by Swamp Creek Road, Scott Road, and Sutch Road, and Swamp Creek Road, Boucher Road Evidence of surface quarrying of diabase boulders visible in the forest at and the power line right-of-way. the Musser Scout Reservation

72 Natural Areas Inventory Update 2007 Plant Diversity – Populations of four plants listed by the Pennsylvania Natural Heritage Program including goldenseal, prairie phlox, pine- land pimpernel, and showy goldenrod are known to be present in the reservation. Two others, Indian paintbrush and Mead’s sedge grow nearby. Four others are known from historical records, but have not been documented recently: puttyroot orchid, spring ladies’-tresses, horse-gentian, and few-fl owered nutrush. Plant Communities – The forests of the Reservation are succes- sional forests of various ages that have regenerated following re- peated timber harvesting. Common species include white oak, red oak, black oak, sugar maple, black birch, white ash and tuliptree with an occasional patch of hemlock. Remaining stumps revealed that Indian paintbrush trees 60 - 120 years of age had been cut in the previous year (ash - 66 years, white oak - 120 years, black oak - 80 years, tuliptree - 60 years). Timber management appears to be directed at removal of red maple and black birch as many trees of these species had been cut and left to rot on the ground. American beech was notably absent, perhaps the result of previous “stand improvement” efforts. Plantations of Norway spruce and white pine are present in scattered locations. Floodplain forests, characterized by a mosaic of sycamore - (river birch) - box-elder fl oodplain forest and silver maple fl oodplain forest, are located along the Unami Creek. Wetlands are limited to 18.1 acres, and mostly confi ned to the fl oodplain. Reptiles and – Surveys by Marlin Corn during 2006-07 documented the nine com- mon species of reptiles and amphibians within the Musser Scout Reservation (Table 3.2).

Table 3.2 — Reptiles and Amphibians of the Musser Scout Reservation (Data from surveys by Marlin Corn 2006-2007)

Salamanders Northern redback salamander Northern two-lined salamander Longtail salamander Frogs and Toads Green frog Pickerel frog Bullfrog Wood frog Gray tree frog American toad Common musk Common snapping turtle Eastern painted turtle Eastern box turtle Snakes Black rat snake Northern water snake Eastern garter snake Northern black racer Northern ringneck snake

Natural Areas Inventory Update 2007 73 Birds – Bird diversity is discussed for the Unami Creek/Ridge Valley Creek Conservation Area as a whole; see introductory section above. Deer Status – Like most areas of Montgomery County, the Unami Creek Valley is being over browsed by deer. Seedlings and saplings of any species except sugar maple are rare. Those that reach sapling stage are often damaged during the rut by male deer rubbing their antlers on the trunks to remove velvet. Browsing may slow tree regeneration in areas of recent timber harvests. It remains to be seen if the combination of the amount of land harvested and the protection af- forded by residual brush left behind allows trees to outgrow the reach of deer. A January 2007 walk of the harvest area, revealed few young oak trees; those that were present were less than 18 inches tall and had been browsed repeatedly. Invasive Plants – The forest of the Musser Reservation is relatively free of invasive species except for forest edges and recent harvest zones. Openings in the forest canopy caused by tree harvests allows species such as multifl ora rose to fl ourish, as there is a constant “rain” of these bird-dispersed seeds. Japanese stilt grass is another species that follows disturbance such as timbering. The seeds were likely introduced on the tires of logging trucks as within the fi rst year post harvest, stiltgrass appeared in the haul roads. Other species we noted include a large colony of tree-of-heaven in the power line right-of-way be- tween Camp Road and Upper Ridge Road, Japa- nese spiraea spreading along the woods edge on Camp Road, and a major infestation of European water chestnut in Lake Delmont. Arthraxon grass, a non-native grass similar to Japanese stilt grass, has invaded open areas along the stream banks and moist meadows throughout. European water chestnut is abundant in Lake Delmont

Fulshaw Craeg Preserve The 150-acre Fulshaw Craeg Preserve, in Salford Township, is owned by The Natural Lands Trust, which also holds conservation easements on many private properties within the Unami/ Ridge Valley Creeks Conservation Landscape. Fulshaw Craeg (“Ridge Valley Site” of the 1995 Natural Areas Inventory) has long been a mecca for local botanists because of the diversity of species it supports in habitats ranging from deciduous forests to wet meadows, fl oodplain wet- lands, and exposed rocks (Figure 3.4). It also contains a boulder fi eld of diabase rocks that ring when tapped with a hammer, which is known locally as the “Potato Patch.” Plant Diversity – A plant list for Fulshaw Craeg containing 401 species, was compiled by Dr. Roger E. Latham from several published and unpublished sources (Appendix 3.A). Several spe- cies listed by the Pennsylvania Natural Heritage Program are present including showy goldenrod, stiff goldenrod, and Indian paintbrush.

74 Natural Areas Inventory Update 2007 Plant Communities – The Fulshaw Craeg Preserve includes red oak – mixed hardwood forest on the rocky slopes along Ridge Valley Creek. Several wet meadows, which are maintained by mowing and burning, are also present. Lichens – An inventory of the lichens of the Fulshaw Craeg Preserve was conducted by James Lendemer of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, as part of a study of the lichens associated with diabase geology. Fifty species were documented (Table 3.3), many from the boulder fi eld.

Table 3.3 — Lichens of the Fulshaw Craeg Preserve (from Lendemer 2005)

Acarospora fuscata Mycobilimbia ahlesii Arthonia helvola Myelochroa aurulenta Anaptychia palmulata Mylechroa obsessa Bacidia schweinitzii Nadvornikia soridiata Bacidina delicata Parmellia neodiscordans Biatura longispora Pertusaria globularis Candellaria effl orescens Petusaria plittiana Cladonia apodocarpa Pertusaria velata Cladonia petrophila Phaeophysica adiastola Collema subfl accidum Phaeophysica rubropulchra Dactylospora pertusariicola Phlyctis petraea Flavoparmelia baltimorensis Physcia phaea Heterodemia speciosa Physcia pseudospeciosa Lecanora oreinoides Physcia subtilis Lecanora strobilina Poropidia albocaerulescens Lecanora thysanophora Pseudosagedia cestrense Lecidia berengeriana Pseudosagedia guentheri Lepraria adhaerens Punctelia reducta Lepraria lobifi cans Pyrenidium cf. actinellum Lepraria normandinoides Pyxine sorediata Lepraria vouauxii Ramalina petrina Leptogium ccyanescens Scoliciosporum umbrinum Leptogium dactylinum Stereocaulon saxatile Loxospora pustulata Trapeliopsis fl exuosa Micarea peliocarpa Xanthoparmelia somloensis

Reptiles and Amphibians – A survey of reptiles and amphibians, conducted at Fulshaw Craeg in 2004 by Dr. Harry M. Tiebout III of West Chester University, documented 15 species in the preserve, fi ve salamanders, fi ve frogs and toads, two turtles, and three snakes (see Table 3.4). Surveys by Marlin Corn in 2006 - 2007 added one additional salamander species and one snake for a total of 17 species.

Natural Areas Inventory Update 2007 75 Table 3.4 — Reptiles and Amphibians of the Fulshaw Craeg Preserve [Based on data from Thibout (2004) and additional surveys by Marlin Corn]

Salamanders Longtail salamander Northern dusky salamander Northern red salamander Northern two-lined salamander Northern redback salamander Spotted salamander* Frogs and Toads American toad Green frog Northern spring peeper Pickerel frog Wood frog Turtles Common snapping turtle Eastern box turtle Wood turtle Snakes Eastern garter snake Northern ringneck snake Northern black racer* * 2006—2007 additions

Invasive Species – Japanese barberry, winged euonymus, garlic mustard, and low smartweed are scattered throughout the forested areas at Fulshaw Craeg. Oriental bittersweet, Japanese honey- suckle, multifl ora rose, and orange daylily are present along edges and roadsides. Wet meadows and other open areas have been invaded by Japanese stiltgrass and arthraxon grass.

Camp Skymount The former Camp Skymount, just inside the Montgomery County line, has been acquired by Marlborough Township. The 41.8-acre property includes a 15.8-acre lake formed by a dam on a small tributary of Ridge Valley Creek. The property also includes areas of tussock sedge marsh below the dam. In addition, wet meadow habitat is present along the west side of the lake.

Skymount Lake provides habitat for four species of frogs and toads: American toad, bullfrog, green frog, and pickerel frog.

Whites Mill Preserve Salford Township’s Whites Mill Preserve, which includes Whites Mill Swamp and Whites Mill Meadow (both cited as high priority sites in the 1995 Natural Areas Inventory), lies along Ridge Valley Creek just downstream from Camp Skymount (Figure 3.4). It includes a 6.1-acre mill- pond created by a dam on Ridge Valley Creek along with associated wetlands. The 107.7-acre

76 Natural Areas Inventory Update 2007 site also includes a wet meadow along the creek down- stream from the dam, successional red maple forest on lowlands, and forested diabase slopes. Plant diversity- Four hundred (400) species of plants have been documented on this property including two PNDI-listed plants: Mead’s sedge and showy bur- marigold. Non-native species accounted for only 16 percent of the fl ora (64 species). This list represents an update of information included in a report pre- pared for the Salford Township Supervisors in 2003. The complete plant list is included in Appendix 3.B. Plant Communities – Eight distinct plant com- munities have been identified at the Whites Mill Preserve (Table 3.5).

Showy bur-marigold

Table 3.5 — Plant Community Types of the Whites Mill Preserve (from Rhoads and Block 2003)

Plant Community Type* Characteristic Species

sugar maple, red oak, white oak, tuliptree, red maple, black birch, beech, tuliptree - beech - maple forest shagbark hickory

red oak, black oak, chestnut oak, pignut hickory, mockernut hickory, black dry oak - mixed hardwood forest birch, sassafras, beech

red oak, white oak, shagbark hickory, black birch, white ash, beech, sugar red oak - mixed hardwood forest maple

red maple palustrine forest red maple, pin oak, swamp white oak, slippery elm, black walnut

successional forest white ash, tuliptree, red maple

wet meadow sedges, goldenrods

emergent and fl oating-leaf aquatics water-lilies, water smartweed, three-square

open water big-leaf pondweed, ribbon-leaf pondweed, coontail

* After Fike (1999).

Reptiles and Amphibians – The pond and surrounding wetlands provide excellent habitat for reptiles and amphibians. Surveys during 2006-2007 documented 15 species (Table 3.6).

Natural Areas Inventory Update 2007 77 Table 3.6 — Reptiles and Amphibians of the Whites Mill Preserve (from surveys by Marlin Corn 2006-2007)

Salamanders Spotted salamander Northern redback salamander Longtail salamander Frogs and Toads Wood frog Northern spring peeper Pickerel frog Bullfrog Green frog American toad Turtles Eastern box turtle Eastern musk turtle Red-eared slider Snakes Northern ringneck snake Northern black racer Eastern garter snake

Deer Status – Like other sites in the Unami/Ridge Valley Creek Con- servation Landscape, forested areas of the Whites Mill Preserve have been over browsed by deer. The result is reduced diversity of herba- ceous fl ora, and lack of shrubs and sapling trees. Invasive Species – Several invasive plants threaten the integrity of natural communities present at this site. Callery pear is abundant in a young successional forest at the corner of Whites Mill and Reller Roads. Patches of Japanese knotweed are present on the pond mar- gin, and Chinese wisteria and tree-of-heaven have invaded the forest edge along Hill Road. In addition Japanese stiltgrass and arthraxon grass are abundant in wet meadows, roadsides, and open woods. Mead’s sedge at Whites Mill Other Protected Open Space Marlborough Township owns two small tracts along the Unami Creek just above Sumney- town that provide public access to the creek for fi shing and picnicking. Two larger tracts of parkland are located on Finland Road (82 acres) and Geryville Pike (approximately 100 acres) (Figure 3.5). The Finland Road tract consists of mature forest, much of which is seasonally wet, meadows, agricultural fi elds, and several intermittent streams. Hiking trails and active

78 Natural Areas Inventory Update 2007 recreation facilities including soccer fi elds are planned. The property on Geryville Pike is former agricultural fi elds in early stages of succession. Plans are being developed to establish a butterfl y meadow at the site. In addition, Marlborough Township is presently in the process of acquiring an 83-acre tract along Swamp Creek Road north of the Musser Scout Reservation. This tract, known as the Ziegler/ Freeh tract, consists of forested diabase slopes above the Unami Creek. Several upland meadow areas are present also. A timber harvest in the past 5-8 years opened up the canopy on a major portion of this tract allowing multifl ora rose and other invasive plants to proliferate. Regenera- tion of continuous forest canopy on this site will take many years.

Recommendations Connectivity and Land Protection Priorities Protection and expansion of forest interior areas is the focus of recommendations contained in the Conservation Plan for the Unami Creek Valley Important Bird Area and the Unami Creek Valleys Landscape Conservation Plan. The goal is to secure a 10,000-acre expanse of forest. Consistent with this emphasis, our major recommendation is to focus on extending preservation/ protection to existing in holdings, and targeting large parcels that can connect and extend exist- ing protected areas. In addition, a program to enlist voluntary action by private landowners to manage their land in accordance with this goal is needed. Several specifi c sites for which protec- tion should be sought are listed below: • The Ridge Valley Creek corridor between Camp Skymount and Whites Mill Preserve. • The Souderton-Harleysville Gun Club along the Ridge Valley Creek between the Whites Mill and Fulshaw Craeg Preserves. • The Camp Green Lane property along Ridge Valley Creek. • Forested slopes on the south side of Unami Creek just above Sumneytown.

Management Priorities • Reduce deer ; a reduction in the number of deer present is desperately needed to pro- tect the high diversity of plant species recorded in the Unami/Ridge Valley Creek landscape. The area should be opened to hunters to the maximum extent possible. • Control invasive species; a good initial target would be the population of European water chestnut in Lake Delmont. Other invasive species that should receive immediate attention are the patches of Japanese knotweed at Whites Mill Pond and the infestation of callery pear at Whites Mill and Reller Roads. • Initiate a forest-monitoring project to document the condition of the habitat vis-à-vis deer browse. • Monitor the impact of the recent timber harvest on the Musser Scout Reservation to deter- mine the impact on the forest community and bird diversity.

Natural Areas Inventory Update 2007 79 Bibliography Anonymous. 2004. Shaping Our Future: Open Space, Natural Features, and Cultural Resources Plan. Montgomery County Planning Commission, Norristown, PA. Billett, C., D. Harper, H. Harper, D. Rosemcrance, A. Pitz, D. Steckel, P. Williamson, D. Gilchrist, and S. Heckscher. 2001. Unami Creek Valleys Landscape Conservation Plan. Natural Lands Trust, Media, PA. Ciccarine, Jerry A. 2005. Along the Perkiomen. Arcadia Publishing, Charlestown, SC. Crossley, Gary J. 1999. A Guide to Critical Bird Habitat in Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania Audubon Society, Harrisburg, PA. Fike, Jean. 1999. Terrestrial and Palustrine Forest Communities of Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, Harrisburg, PA. Highlands Coalition. 2006. http://www/highlandscoalition.org/Palist.htm, accessed 11/29/2006. Historical Society of Montgomery County. 1998. Combined Atlases of Montgomery County, Pennsylvania 1871, 1877, 1893. Windmill Publications, Inc., Mt. Vernon, IN. Lendemer, James C. 2005. Contributions to the lichen fl ora of Pennsylvania: the lichen fl ora of the diabase region of northern Bucks and Montgomery Counties. Opuscula Philolichenum 2: 21-26. Lundgren, J.A., A. F. Davis, B. Barton, J.R. Belfonti, D.J. Cameron, N. Clupper, J.L. Farber, and J.R. Kunsman. 1995. A Natural Areas Inventory of Montgomery County, Pennsylvania. The Pennsylvania Science Offi ce of The Nature Conservancy, Middletown, PA. Pennsylvania Breeding Bird Atlas http://bird.atlasing.org/Atlas/PA/Main, accessed 12/21/2006. Rhoads, Ann F. and Timothy A. Block. 2003. Whites Mill Property, Salford Township, Montgomery County, Natural Resource Inventory and Management Recommendations. Unpublished report for the Salford Township Board of Supervisors, Tylersport, PA. Stell Environmental Enterprises, Inc. 2006. Conservation Plan for the Unami Creek Valley Important Bird Area. Audubon Pennsylvania, Harrisburg, PA. Toll, Jean Barth and Michael J. Schwager. 1983. Montgomery County, The Second Hundred Years. 2 vols. Montgomery County Federation of Historical Societies, Norristown, PA.

80 Natural Areas Inventory Update 2007 APPENDIX 3.A Combined List of Species in Fulshaw Craeg Preserve Edited by Roger Latham (P.O. Box 57, Rose Valley, PA 19086-0057 • 610-565-3405 • [email protected]) and Ann Newbold, January 2007.

(Sources: Anonymous, undated, species list in Natural Lands Trust fi les; Lynne DiDomizio, 1995, “The fl owers of Fulshaw Craeg,” unpublished report for Natural Lands Trust; Stevens Heckscher, 2006-10-20; Roger Latham, fi eld notes from 2004-05-21 and 2004-06-16; Ann Newbold, reports on Philadel- phia Botanical Club fi eld trips on 1981-06-14, 1986-06-08 and 1992-10-03 (Bartonia 49: 74; 53: 67-68; 58: 153-154) and unpublished fi eld notes; Ann Rhoads, fi eld notes from 2003-05-02; Val Udell, 1995, 1999, 2001, handouts for Section, Perkiomen Watershed Conservancy fi eld trips.)

Scientifi c Name Common Name N/I Family Meadows Woods Acer rubrum red maple N Sapindaceae X X Acer saccharinum silver maple N Sapindaceae X Acer saccharum sugar maple N Sapindaceae X X Achillea millefolium yarrow I Asteraceae X Actaea pachypoda doll’s-eyes N Ranunculaceae X Actaea racemosa black snakeroot N Ranunculaceae X Adiantum pedatum northern maidenhair N Polypodiaceae X Ageratina altissima var. altissima white-snakeroot N Asteraceae X X Agrimonia sp. agrimony N Rosaceae X X Agrimonia striata agrimony N Rosaceae X Alliaria petiolata garlic mustard I Brassicaceae X Allium canadense wild garlic N Alliaceae X Allium tricoccum wild leek N Alliaceae X Allium vineale fi eld garlic I Alliaceae X Ambrosia trifi da giant ragweed N Asteraceae X Amelanchier arborea juneberry N Rosaceae X Amphicarpaea bracteata hog peanut N Fabaceae X Anemone americana liverleaf N Ranunculaceae X Anemone quinquefolia wood anemone N Ranunculaceae X Anemone virginiana tall anemone N Ranunculaceae X Antennaria neglecta overlooked pussytoe N Asteraceae X Antennaria parlinii Parlin’s pussytoe N Asteraceae X Anthoxanthum odoratum sweet vernal grass I Poaceae X Apios americana ground-nut N Fabaceae X Apocynum cannabinum Indian-hemp N Apocynaceae X Aquilegia canadensis wild columbine N Ranunculaceae X Arabis laevigata smooth rockcress N Brassicaceae X Aralia nudicaulis wild sarsaparilla N Araliaceae X Arisaema dracontium green-dragon N Araceae X Arisaema triphyllum jack-in-the-pulpit N Araceae X X Aristolochia serpentaria Virginia snakeroot N Aristolochiaceae X Aronia sp. chokeberry N Asteraceae X Arthraxon hispidus grass I Poaceae X Asarum canadense wild ginger N Aristolochiaceae X Asclepias incarnata swamp milkweed N Apocynaceae X

Natural Areas Inventory Update 2007 297 Asclepias purpurascens purple milkweed N Apocynaceae X Asclepias syriaca common milkweed N Apocynaceae X Asclepias tuberosa butterfl y-weed N Apocynaceae X Asplenium rhizophyllum walking fern N Polypodiaceae X Athyrium felix-femina lady fern N Polypodiaceae X Barbarea vulgaris wintercress I Brassicaceae X Berberis thunbergii Japanese barberry I Berberidaceae X Betula lenta sweet birch N Betulaceae X Bidens frondosa beggar-ticks N Asteraceae X Boehmeria cylindrica false-nettle N Urticaceae X Botrychium virginianum rattlesnake fern N Ophioglossaceae X Brachyelytrum erectum brachyelytrum N Poaceae X Brassica rapa fi eld mustard I Brassicaceae X Bromus pubescens Canada brome N Poaceae X Campanula aparinoides marsh bellfl ower N Campanulaceae X Cardamine bulbosa bittercress N Brassicaceae X Cardamine pensylvanica Pennsylvania bittercress N Brassicaceae X Carex blanda sedge N Cyperaceae X Carex bushii sedge N Cyperaceae X Carex cephalophora sedge N Cyperaceae X Carex communis sedge N Cyperaceae X Carex conjuncta sedge N Cyperaceae X Carex conoidea sedge N Cyperaceae X Carex crinita short hair sedge N Cyperaceae X Carex glaucodea sedge N Cyperaceae X Carex gracillima sedge N Cyperaceae X Carex grayi sedge N Cyperaceae X Carex grisea sedge N Cyperaceae X Carex hirsutella sedge N Cyperaceae X Carex leptalea sedge N Cyperaceae X Carex lurida sedge N Cyperaceae X Carex molesta sedge N Cyperaceae X Carex normalis sedge N Cyperaceae X Carex pensylvanica Pennsylvania sedge N Cyperaceae X Carex radiata sedge N Cyperaceae X Carex scoparia broom sedge N Cyperaceae X Carex squarrosa sedge N Cyperaceae X Carex stricta tussock sedge N Cyperaceae X Carpinus caroliniana hornbeam N Betulaceae X X Carya cordiformis bitternut hickory N Juglandaceae X Carya glabra pignut hickory N Juglandaceae X Carya ovata shagbark hickory N Juglandaceae X Carya tomentosa mockernut hickory N Juglandaceae X Castanea dentata American chestnut N Fagaceae X Castilleja coccinea Indian paintbrush N Orobanchaceae X Caulophyllum thalictroides blue cohosh N Berberidaceae X Ceanothus americanus tea N Rhamnaceae X Celastrus orbiculatus Oriental bittersweet I Celastraceae X

298 Natural Areas Inventory Update 2007 Celtis occidentalis hackberry N Cannabaceae X Cephalanthus occidentalis buttonbush N Rubiaceae X Cerastium fontanum ssp. triviale chickweed I Caryophyllaceae X Cercis canadensis redbud N Fabaceae X Chamaecrista nictitans wild sensitive-plant N Fabaceae X Chamaelirium luteum devil’s-bit N Melanthiaceae X Chelidonium majus greater celandine I Papaveraceae X Chelone glabra turtlehead N Plantaginaceae X Chimaphila maculata pipsissewa N Ericaceae X Cichorium intybus chickory I Asteraceae X Cicuta maculata var. maculata -poison N Apiaceae X Circaea canadensis ssp. canadensis enchanter’s-nightshade N Onagraceae X X Cirsium arvense Canada thistle I Asteraceae X Cirsium muticum swamp thistle N Asteraceae X Cirsium pumilum pasture thistle N Asteraceae X Claytonia virginica spring-beauty N Portulacaceae X Clematis virginiana virgin’s-bower N Ranunculaceae X Clinopodium vulgare wild basil I Lamiaceae X Collinsonia canadensis horse balm N Lamiaceae X Commelina communis Asiatic dayfl ower I Commelinaceae X Conopholis americana squawroot N Orobanchaceae X Corallorhiza odontorhiza autumn coralroot N Orchidaceae X Cornus alternifolia alternate-leaved dogwood N Cornaceae X Cornus amomum kinnikinik N Cornaceae X Cornus fl orida fl owering dogwood N Cornaceae X X Coronilla varia crownvetch I Fabaceae X Corydalis sempervirens rock harlequin N Papaveraceae Corylus americana American fi lbert N Betulaceae X Crataegus sp. hawthorn N Rosaceae X Cryptotaenia canadensis honewort N Apiaceae X Cynoglossum virginianum wild comfrey N Boraginaceae X Cypripedium acaule pink lady’s-slipper N Orchidaceae X Cystopteris fragilis fragile fern N Polypodiaceae X Cystopteris protrusa protruding bladder fern N Polypodiaceae X Danthonia spicata poverty grass N Poaceae X Daucus carota Queen Anne’s-lace I Apiaceae X Desmodium glutinosum pointed-leaved tick-trefoil N Fabaceae X Desmodium nudifl orum naked-fl owered tick-trefoil N Fabaceae X Desmodium paniculatum tick-trefoil N Fabaceae X X Dianthus armeria Deptford-pink I Caryophyllaceae X Dichanthelium boscii panic grass N Poaceae X Dichanthelium clandestinum deer-tongue grass N Poaceae X Dichanthelium villosissimum long-haired panic grass N Poaceae X Dioscorea villosa wild yam N Dioscoreaceae X X Dirca palustris leatherwood N Thymelaeaceae X Dryopteris intermedia wood fern N Polypodiaceae X Dryopteris marginalis marginal wood fern N Polypodiaceae X Eleocharis tenuis var. tenuis spike-rush N Cyperaceae X

Natural Areas Inventory Update 2007 299 Elymus riparius riverbank wild-rye N Poaceae X Epifagus virginiana beechdrops N Orobanchaceae X Equisetum arvense fi eld horsetail N Equisetaceae X Equisetum sylvaticum woodland horsetail N Equisetaceae X Erigeron annuus daisy fl eabane N Asteraceae X Erigeron philadelphicus common fl eabane N Asteraceae X Erigeron pulchellus robin’s-plantain N Asteraceae X Erythronium americanum trout-lily N Liliaceae X Euonymus alatus burning-bush I Celastraceae X Eupatorium hyssopifolium hyssop-leaved thoroughwort N Asteraceae X Eupatorium perfoliatum boneset N Asteraceae X Eurybia divaricata white wood aster N Asteraceae X Eurybia macrophylla large-leaf aster N Asteraceae X Euthamia graminifolia grass-leaved goldenrod N Asteraceae X Eutrochium fi stulosum joe-pye-weed N Asteraceae X Eutrochium maculatum spotted joe-pye-weed N Asteraceae X Fagus grandifolia American beech N Fagaceae X Fallopia scandens bindweed N Polygonaceae X Festuca obtusa nodding fescue N Poaceae X Floerkea proserpinacoides false mermaid N Limnanthaceae X Fragaria virginiana ssp. virginiana wild strawberry N Rosaceae X Fraxinus americana var. americana white ash N Oleaceae X Fraxinus pennsylvanica green ash N Oleaceae X X Galearis spectabilis showy orchis N Orchidaceae X Galium aparine cleavers N Rubiaceae X Galium asprellum rough bedstraw N Rubiaceae X Galium circaezans wild licorice N Rubiaceae X Galium lanceolatum wild licorice N Rubiaceae X Galium mollugo white bedstraw I Rubiaceae X Galium obtusum marsh bedstraw N Rubiaceae X Galium trifl orum sweet-scented bedstraw N Rubiaceae X X Gaura biennis gaura N Onagraceae X Gentiana andrewsii prairie closed gentian N Gentianaceae X Gentianopsis crinita fringed gentian N Gentianaceae X Geranium maculatum wood geranium N Geraniaceae X X Geum canadense white avens N Rosaceae X X Glyceria striata fowl mannagrass N Poaceae X Goodyera pubescens rattlesnake-plantain N Orchidaceae X Hamamelis virginiana witch-hazel N Hamamelidaceae X Helenium autumnale sneezeweed N Asteraceae X Helianthus decapetalus thin-leaved sunfl ower N Asteraceae X Helianthus divaricatus woodland sunfl ower N Asteraceae X Heliopsis helianthoides ox-eye N Asteraceae X Hemerocallida- Hemerocallis fulva daylily I X ceae Hesperis matronalis dame’s-rocket I Brassicaceae X Hieracium caespitosum king devil I Asteraceae X Hieracium pilosella mouse-ear hawkweed I Asteraceae X Hieracium venosum rattlesnake-weed N Asteraceae X

300 Natural Areas Inventory Update 2007 Holcus lanatus velvetgrass I Poaceae x Houstonia caerulea bluets N Rubiaceae X Huperzia lucidula shining clubmoss N Lycopodiaceae X Hydrastis canadensis goldenseal N Ranunculaceae X Hydrophyllum virginianum Virginia waterleaf N Boraginaceae X Hypericum perforatum common St. Johns-wort I Hypericaceae X Hypericum punctatum spotted St. Johns-wort N Hypericaceae X Hypoxis hirsuta yellow star-grass N Hypoxidaceae X Ilex verticillata winterberry N Aquifoliaceae X Impatiens capensis jewelweed N Balsaminaceae X Ipomoea pandurata wild potato-vine N Convolvulaceae X Iris versicolor northern blue fl ag N Iridaceae X Juncus effusus soft rush N Juncaceae X Juncus marginatus grass-leaved rush N Juncaceae X Juncus tenuis var. tenuis path rush N Juncaceae X X Juniperus virginiana eastern redcedar N Cupressaceae X Kalmia latifolia mountain laurel N Ericaceae X Krigia bifl ora cynthia N Asteraceae X Lactuca canadensis wild lettuce N Asteraceae X Leersia virginica cutgrass N Poaceae X Lespedeza bicolor bicolor lespedeza I Fabaceae X Lespedeza procumbens trailing bush-clover N Fabaceae X Lespedeza repens creeping bush-clover N Fabaceae X Lespedeza violacea bush-clover N Fabaceae X Leucanthemum vulgare daisy I Asteraceae X Lilium canadense Canada lily N Liliaceae X Linaria vulgaris butter-and-eggs I Plantaginaceae X Lindera benzoin spicebush N Lauraceae X Liriodendron tulipifera tuliptree N Magnoliaceae X X Lobelia cardinalis cardinal-fl ower N Campanulaceae X Lobelia infl ata Indian-tobacco N Campanulaceae X Lobelia siphilitica great lobelia N Campanulaceae X Lobelia spicata spiked lobelia N Campanulaceae X Lonicera japonica Japanese honeysuckle I Caprifoliaceae X X Lotus corniculatus birdsfoot trefoil I Fabaceae X Ludwigia alternifolia seedbox N Onagraceae X Luzula multifl ora wood rush N Juncaceae X Lycopus americanus cut-leaved water-horehound N Lamiaceae X Lycopus virginicus bugleweed N Lamiaceae X Lyonia ligustrina maleberry N Ericaceae X Lysimachia ciliata fringed loosestrife N Myrsinaceae X Lysimachia vulgaris garden loosestrife I Myrsinaceae X Maianthemum canadense Canada mayfl ower N Ruscaceae X Maianthemum racemosum false Solomon’s-seal N Ruscaceae X Malus sp. crabapple I Rosaceae X Melilotus alba white sweet-clover I Fabaceae X Melilotus offi cinalis yellow sweet-clover I Fabaceae X Mertensia virginica Virginia bluebell N Boraginaceae X

Natural Areas Inventory Update 2007 301 Microstegium vimineum Japanese stiltgrass I Poaceae X X Mimulus alatus sharp-winged monkey-fl ower N Phrymaceae X square-stemmed monkey- Mimulus ringens N Phrymaceae X fl ower Mitchella repens partridgeberry N Rubiaceae X Mitella diphylla bishop’s-cap miterwort N Saxifragaceae X Moehringia laterifl ora blunt-leaved sandwort N Caryophyllaceae X Monarda fi stulosa wild bergamot N Lamiaceae X Monotropa unifl ora Indian-pipe N Ericaceae X Nyssa sylvatica blackgum N Nyssaceae X Obolaria virginica pennywort N Gentianaceae X Oenothera fruticosa sundrops N Onagraceae X Onoclea sensibilis sensitive fern N Polypodiaceae X X Ornithogalum umbellatum star-of-Bethlehem I Hyacinthaceae X Orobanche unifl ora cancerwort broom-rape N Orobanchaceae X Ostrya virginiana hop-hornbeam N Betulaceae X Oxalis stricta yellow wood-sorrel N Oxalidaceae X Oxalis violacea violet wood-sorrel N Oxalidaceae X Packera aurea golden ragwort N Asteraceae x Panax quinquefolius ginseng N Araliaceae X Panax trifolius dwarf ginseng N Araliaceae X Panicum rigidulum panic grass N Poaceae X Parthenocissus quinquefolia Virginia-creeper N Vitaceae X X Pedicularis canadensis forest lousewort N Orobanchaceae X Penstemon digitalis tall white beard-tongue N Plantaginaceae X Penthorum sedoides ditch stonecrop N Penthoraceae X Persicaria arifolia halberd-leaf tearthumb N Polygonaceae X Persicaria hydropiper water-pepper I Polygonaceae X Persicaria longiseta low smartweed I Polygonaceae X Persicaria punctata dotted smartweed N Polygonaceae X Persicaria sagittata tearthumb N Polygonaceae X Persicaria virginiana jumpseed N Polygonaceae X X Phalaris arundinacea reed canary-grass N Poaceae X Phegopteris connectilis long beech fern N Polypodiaceae X Phegopteris hexagonoptera broad beech fern N Polypodiaceae X Phlox maculata wild sweet-william N Polemoniaceae X Physocarpus opulifolius ninebark N Rosaceae X Piptatherum racemosus ricegrass N Poaceae X Plantago lanceolata narrow-leaved plantain I Plantaginaceae X Plantago rugelii Rugel’s plantain N Plantaginaceae X Platanthera lacera ragged fringed orchis N Orchidaceae X Poa alsodes woodland bluegrass N Poaceae X Poa trivialis bluegrass I Poaceae X Podophyllum peltatum mayapple N Berberidaceae X Polygala verticillata whorled milkwort N Polygalaceae X Polygonatum pubescens Solomon’s-seal N Ruscaceae X Polypodium virginianum common polypody N Polypodiaceae X Polystichum acrostichoides Christmas fern N Polypodiaceae X X Potentilla simplex old-fi eld cinquefoil N Rosaceae X

302 Natural Areas Inventory Update 2007 Prenanthes alba rattlesnake-root N Asteraceae X Prenanthes altissima rattlesnake-root N Asteraceae X Prunella vulgaris heal-all N Lamiaceae X X Prunus serotina wild black cherry N Rosaceae X Prunus virginiana choke cherry N Rosaceae X Pteridium aquilinum bracken fern N Polypodiaceae X X Pycnanthemum tenuifolium narrow-leaved mountain-mint N Lamiaceae X Pycnanthemum virginianum Virginia mountain-mint N Lamiaceae X Pyrola sp. shinleaf N Ericaceae X Quercus alba white oak N Fagaceae X Quercus chestnut oak N Fagaceae X Ranunculus abortivus small-fl owered crowfoot N Ranunculaceae X Ranunculus bulbosus bulbous buttercup I Ranunculaceae X Ranunculus hispidus var. hispidus hairy buttercup N Ranunculaceae X Rhododendron periclymenoides pinkster-fl ower N Ericaceae X Rosa carolina pasture rose N Rosaceae X Rosa multifl ora multifl ora rose I Rosaceae X X Rosa palustris swamp rose N Rosaceae X Rubus fl agellaris prickly dewberry N Rosaceae X Rubus hispidus swamp dewberry N Rosaceae X Rubus occidentalis black-cap N Rosaceae X X Rubus odoratus fl owering raspberry N Rosaceae X Rubus phoenicolasius wineberry I Rosaceae X X Rudbeckia fulgida eastern conefl ower N Asteraceae X Rudbeckia hirta black-eyed-susan N Asteraceae X Rudbeckia laciniata cutleaf conefl ower N Asteraceae X Rumex crispus curly dock I Polygonaceae X Sabatia angularis common marsh-pink N Gentianaceae X Salix sericea silky willow N Salicaceae X Salix sp. willow N Salicaceae X Salvia lyrata lyre-leaved sage N Lamiaceae X Sambucus canadensis black elderberry N Adoxaceae X Sanguinaria canadensis bloodroot N Papaveraceae X Sanguisorba canadensis American burnet N Rosaceae X Sassafras albidum sassafras N Lauraceae X X Saxifraga virginiensis early saxifrage N Saxifragaceae X Schizachyrium scoparium var. scoparium little bluestem N Poaceae X Scirpus atrovirens bulrush N Cyperaceae X Scirpus cyperinus bulrush N Cyperaceae X Scirpus georgianus bulrush N Cyperaceae X Scirpus pendulus bulrush N Cyperaceae X Scutellaria integrifolia hyssop skullcap N Lamiaceae X Scutellaria nervosa veined skullcap N Lamiaceae X Sedum telephium live-forever I Crassulaceae X Sisyrinchium angustifolium blue-eyed-grass N Iridaceae X Smilax herbacea carrion fl ower N Smilacaceae X Smilax rotundifolia greenbrier N Smilacaceae X X Solidago arguta var. arguta forest goldenrod N Asteraceae X

Natural Areas Inventory Update 2007 303 Solidago bicolor silverrod N Asteraceae X Solidago caesia bluestem goldenrod N Asteraceae X Solidago canadensis Canada goldenrod N Asteraceae X Solidago fl exicaulis zig-zag goldenrod N Asteraceae X Solidago gigantea late goldenrod N Asteraceae X Solidago juncea early goldenrod N Asteraceae X Solidago nemoralis gray goldenrod N Asteraceae X Solidago rigida stiff-leaved goldenrod N Asteraceae X Solidago speciosa showy goldenrod N Asteraceae X Solidago uliginosa bog goldenrod N Asteraceae X Sorghastrum nutans Indian-grass N Poaceae X Spiranthes cernua nodding ladies’-tresses N Orchidaceae X Stachys palustris var. palustris marsh hedge-nettle I Lamiaceae X Staphylea trifolia bladdernut N Staphyleaceae X Stellaria longifolia long-leaved stitchwort N Caryophyllaceae X Symphyotrichum cordifolium blue wood aster N Asteraceae X X Symphyotrichum laeve var. concinnum smooth blue aster N Asteraceae X Symphyotrichum lanceolatum ssp. lanceolatum panicled aster N Asteraceae X Symphyotrichum laterifl orum calico aster N Asteraceae X Symphyotrichum patens late purple aster N Asteraceae X Symphyotrichum pilosum var. pilosum heath aster N Asteraceae X Symphyotrichum pilosum var. pringlei heath aster N Asteraceae X Symphyotrichum prenanthoides zig-zag aster N Asteraceae X Symphyotrichum puniceum purple-stemmed aster N Asteraceae X Symplocarpus foetidus skunk cabbage N Araceae X X Taraxacum offi cinale dandelion I Asteraceae X Teucrium canadense germander N Lamiaceae X Thalictrum dioicum early meadow-rue N Ranunculaceae X Thalictrum pubescens tall meadow-rue N Ranunculaceae X Thalictrum thalictroides rue anemone N Ranunculaceae X Thelypteris noveboracensis New York fern N Polypodiaceae X Thelypteris palustris marsh fern N Polypodiaceae X Tiarella cordifolia foamfl ower N Saxifragaceae X Tilia americana basswood N Malvaceae X Toxicodendron radicans poison-ivy N Anacardiaceae X X Toxicodendron vernix poison sumac N Anacardiaceae X Trifolium aureum yellow clover I Fabaceae X Trifolium aureum/campestre yellow clover I Fabaceae X Trifolium pratense red clover I Fabaceae X Trifolium repens white clover I Fabaceae X Triosteum aurantiacum wild-coffee N Caprifoliaceae X Tsuga canadensis eastern hemlock N Pinaceae X Ulmus americana American elm N Ulmaceae X Ulmus rubra red elm N Ulmaceae X Urtica dioica stinging nettle N Urticaceae X Uvularia perfoliata bellwort N Colchicaceae X X Uvularia sessilifolia bellwort N Colchicaceae X Vaccinium pallidum lowbush blueberry N Ericaceae X

304 Natural Areas Inventory Update 2007 Vaccinium stamineum deerberry N Ericaceae X Verbascum thapsus common mullein I Scrophulariaceae X Verbena hastata blue vervain N Verbenaceae X Verbena urticifolia white vervain N Verbenaceae X Verbesina alternifolia wingstem N Asteraceae X Vernonia noveboracensis New York ironweed N Asteraceae X Veronica offi cinalis common speedwell I Plantaginaceae X Veronicastrum virginicum Culver’s root N Plantaginaceae X Viburnum acerifolium maple-leaved viburnum N Adoxaceae X Viburnum dentatum southern arrow-wood N Adoxaceae X X Viburnum prunifolium black-haw N Adoxaceae X Viola labradorica American dog violet N Violaceae X Viola palmata early blue violet N Violaceae X Viola pubescens common yellow violet N Violaceae X Viola rostrata long-spur violet N Violaceae X Viola sororia common blue violet N Violaceae X X Vitis labrusca fox grape N Vitaceae X Vitis riparia frost grape N Vitaceae X Waldsteinia fragarioides barren strawberry N Rosaceae X Zanthoxylum americanum prickly-ash N Rutaceae X Zizia aurea golden-alexander N Apiaceae X

Natural Areas Inventory Update 2007 305 APPENDIX 3.B Plant List for Whites Mill Preserve (Compiled by Ann F. Rhoads and Timothy A.Block)

Common Name Scientifi c Name Family N/I Aquatic Plants Broad-leaved water-plantain Alisma subcordatum Alismataceae N Water-starwort Callitriche heterophylla Plantaginaceae N Coontail Ceratophyllum demersum Ceratophyllaceae N Waterweed N Duckweed Lemna minor Araceae N Star duckweed Lemna trisulca Araceae N Spatterdock Nuphar lutea Nymphaeaceae N Fragrant water-lily Nymphaea odorata Nymphaeaceae N Bigleaf pondweed Potamogeton amplifolius Potamogetonaceae N Curly pondweed Potamogeton crispus Potamogetonaceae I Ribbonleaf pondweed Potamogeton epihydrus Potamogetonaceae N Leafy pondweed Potamogeton foliosus Potamogetonaceae N Longleaf pondweed Potamogeton nodosus Potamogetonaceae N Pondweed Potamogeton pusillus Potamogetonaceae N Common mermaid-weed Proserpinaca palustris var. crebra Haloragaceae N White water-crowfoot Ranunculus aquatilis var. diffusus Ranunculaceae N Wapato Sagittaria latifolia var. latifolia Alismataceae N Bur-reed Sparganium americanum Sparganiaceae N Greater duckweed Spirodela polyrhiza Araceae N Dotted water-meal Wolffi a borealis Araceae N Pointed water-meal Wolffi a brasiliensis Araceae N Water-meal Wolffi a columbiana Araceae N Ferns and Other Spore-Bearing Plants Northern maidenhair Adiantum pedatum Polypodiaceae N Ebony spleenwort Asplenium platyneuron Polypodiaceae N Lady fern Athyrium fi lix-femina var. angustum Polypodiaceae N Rattlesnake fern Botrychium virginianum Ophioglossaceae N Fragile fern Cystopteris fragilis Polypodiaceae N Marginal wood fern Dryopteris marginalis Polypodiaceae N Sensitive fern Onoclea sensibilis Polypodiaceae N Cinnamon fern Osmunda cinnamomea Osmundaceae N Long beech fern Phegopteris connectilis Polypodiaceae N Broad beech fern Phegopteris hexagonoptera Polypodiaceae N Common polypody Polypodium virginianum Polypodiaceae N Christmas fern Polystichum acrostichoides Polypodiaceae N Northern bracken fern Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum Polypodiaceae N New York fern Thelypteris noveboracensis Polypodiaceae N Marsh fern Thelypteris palustris var. pubescens Polypodiaceae N Grasses, Sedges, and Rushes Redtop Agrostis gigantea Poaceae I

306 Natural Areas Inventory Update 2007 Big bluestem Andropogon gerardii Poaceae N Sweet vernalgrass Anthoxanthum odoratum Poaceae I Grass Arthraxon hispidus Poaceae I Hairy chess Bromus commutatus Poaceae I Sedge Carex albolutescens Cyperaceae N Sedge Carex amphibola var. rigida Cyperaceae N Sedge Carex annectens Cyperaceae N Sedge Carex blanda Cyperaceae N Sedge Carex bromoides Cyperaceae N Sedge Carex bushii Cyperaceae N Sedge Carex caroliniana Cyperaceae N Sedge Carex cephalophora Cyperaceae N Sedge Carex conoidea Cyperaceae N Short hair sedge Carex crinita var. crinita Cyperaceae N Sedge Carex cristatella Cyperaceae N Sedge Carex digitalis Cyperaceae N Sedge Carex emoryi Cyperaceae N Sedge Carex festucacea Cyperaceae N Sedge Carex frankii Cyperaceae N Sedge Carex glaucodea Cyperaceae N Sedge Carex gracillima Cyperaceae N Sedge Carex granularis var. granularis Cyperaceae N Sedge Carex grisea Cyperaceae N Sedge Carex hirtifolia Cyperaceae N Sedge Carex intumescens Cyperaceae N Sedge Carex laxiculmis var. laxiculmis Cyperaceae N Sedge Carex laxifl ora Cyperaceae N Sedge Carex lurida Cyperaceae N Mead’s sedge* Carex meadii* Cyperaceae N Sedge Carex pellita Cyperaceae N Sedge Carex pensylvanica Cyperaceae N Sedge Carex radiata Cyperaceae N Broom sedge Carex scoparia Cyperaceae N Sedge Carex squarrosa Cyperaceae N Sedge Carex stipata var. stipata Cyperaceae N Sedge Carex straminea Cyperaceae N Tussock sedge Carex stricta Cyperaceae N Sedge Carex tribuloides Cyperaceae N False nutsedge Cyperus strigosus Cyperaceae N Poverty-grass Danthonia spicata Poaceae N Deer-tongue grass Dichanthelium clandestinum Poaceae N Panic grass Dichanthelium acuminatum Poaceae N Panic grass Dichanthelium microcarpon Poaceae N Three-way sedge Dulichium arundinaceum Cyperaceae N Barnyard grass Echinochloa crus-galli Poaceae I Barnyard-grass Echinochloa muricata Poaceae N Creeping spike-rush Eleocharis palustris Cyperaceae N Spike-rush Eleocharis tenuis var. tenuis Cyperaceae N

Natural Areas Inventory Update 2007 307 Purple lovegrass Eragrostis spectabilis Poaceae N Fowl mannagrass Glyceria striata Poaceae N Velvetgrass Holcus lanatus Poaceae I Sharp-fruited rush Juncus acuminatus Juncaceae N Soft rush Juncus effusus Juncaceae N Path rush Juncus tenuis var. tenuis Juncaceae N Rice cutgrass Leersia oryzoides Poaceae N Hairy woodrush Luzula acuminata Juncaceae N Field woodrush Luzula multifl ora Juncaceae N Stiltgrass Microstegium vimineum Poaceae I Wirestem muhly Muhlenbergia frondosa Poaceae N Panic grass Panicum anceps Poaceae N Smooth panic grass Panicum dichotomifl orum Poaceae N Reed canary-grass Phalaris arundinacea Poaceae N Timothy Phleum pratense Poaceae I Canada bluegrass Poa compressa Poaceae I Great bulrush Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani Cyperaceae N Wool-grass Scirpus cyperinus Cyperaceae N Bulrush Scirpus georgianus Cyperaceae N Bulrush Scirpus pendulus Cyperaceae N Fescue Shedonorus arundinacea Poaceae I Indian-grass Sorghastrum nutans Poaceae N Wildfl owers and Other Herbaceous Plants Three-seeded mercury Acalypha rhomboidea Euphorbiaceae N Three-seeded mercury Acalypha virginica Euphorbiaceae N Common yarrow Achillea millefolium Asteraceae I Doll’s-eyes Actaea pachypoda Ranunculaceae N Allegheny-vine Adlumia fungosa Papaveraceae N White-snakeroot Ageratina altissimum Asteraceae N Agrimony Agrimonia gryposepala Rosaceae N Southern agrimony Agrimonia parvifl ora Rosaceae N Garlic-mustard Alliaria petiolata Brassicaceae I Wild onion Allium canadense Alliaceae N Ramp Allium tricoccum Alliaceae N Field garlic Allium vineale Alliaceae I Common ragweed Ambrosia artemisiifolia Asteraceae N Giant ragweed Ambrosia trifi da Asteraceae N Hog peanut Amphicarpaea bracteata Fabaceae N Scarlet pimpernel Anagallis arvensis Myrsinaceae I Wood anemone Anemone quinquefolia Ranunculaceae N Tall anemone Anemone virginiana Ranunculaceae N Ground-nut Apios americana Fabaceae N Indian hemp Apocynum cannabinum Apocynaceae N Wild columbine Aquilegia canadensis Ranunculaceae N Wild sarsaparilla Aralia nudicaulis Araliaceae N Jack-in-the-pulpit Arisaema triphyllum ssp. triphyllum Araceae N Virginia snakeroot Aristolochia serpentaria Aristolochiaceae N Wild ginger Asarum canadense var. canadense Aristolochiaceae N

308 Natural Areas Inventory Update 2007 Purple milkweed Asclepias purpurascens Asclepiadaceae N Garden asparagus Asparagus offi cinalis Asparagaceae I Early wintercress Barbarea verna Brassicaceae I Bur-marigold Bidens cernua Asteraceae N Showy bur-marigold* Bidens laevis* Asteraceae N Beggar-ticks Bidens connata Asteraceae N Beggar-ticks Bidens frondosa Asteraceae N Beggar-ticks Bidens vulgata Asteraceae N False nettle Boehmeria cylindrica var. cylindrica Urticaceae N Bittercress Cardamine bulbosa Brassicaceae N Greater celandine Chelidonium majus Papaveraceae I Turtlehead Chelone glabra Plantaginaceae N Pipsissewa Chimaphila maculata Ericaceae N Ox-eye daisy Leucanthemum vulgare Asteraceae I Beaver-poison Cicuta maculata var. maculata Apiaceae N Black snakeroot Cimicifuga racemosa Ranunculaceae N Enchanter’s-nightshade Circaea lutetiana ssp. canadensis Onagraceae N Canada thistle Cirsium arvense var. arvense Asteraceae I Pasture thistle Cirsium pumilum Asteraceae N Spring-beauty Claytonia virginica Portulacaceae N Virgin’s-bower Clematis virginiana Ranunculaceae N Wild basil Clinopodium vulgare Lamiaceae I Horse balm Collinsonia canadensis Lamiaceae N Asiatic dayfl ower Commelina communis var. communis Commelinaceae I Squaw-root Conopholis americana Orobanchaceae N Horseweed Conyza canadensis var. canadensis Asteraceae N Crown-vetch Coronilla varia Fabaceae I Honewort Cryptotaenia canadensis Apiaceae N Blue waxweed Cuphea viscosissima Lythraceae N Dodder Cuscuta sp. Convolvulaceae N Queen Anne’s-lace Daucus carota Apiaceae I Tick-trefoil Desmodium paniculatum Fabaceae N Tick-trefoil Desmodium perplexum Fabaceae N Deptford pink Dianthus armeria Caryophyllaceae I Wild yam Dioscorea villosa Dioscoreaceae N Purple-leaved willow-herb Epilobium coloratum Onagraceae N Field horsetail Equisetum arvense Equisetaceae N Fireweed Erechtites hieraciifolia Asteraceae N Robin’s-plantain Erigeron pulchellus Asteraceae N Daisy fl eabane Erigeron strigosus var. strigosus Asteraceae N Yellow trout-lily Erythronium americanum Liliaceae N Boneset Eupatorium perfoliatum Asteraceae N Spotted spurge Euphorbia maculata Euphorbiaceae N Eyebane Euphorbium nutans Euphorbiaceae N White wood aster Eurybia divaricata Asteraceae N Bigleaf aster Eurybia macrophylla Asteraceae N Grass-leaved goldenrod Euthamia graminifolia var. graminifolia Asteraceae N Joe-pye-weed Eutrochium fi stulosum Asteraceae N

Natural Areas Inventory Update 2007 309 Joe-pye-weed Eutrochium purpureum Asteraceae N Black bindweed Fallopia convolvulus Polygonaceae I Climbing false-buckwheat Fallopia scandens Polygonaceae N Wild strawberry Fragaria virginiana ssp. virginiana Rosaceae N Showy orchis Galearis spectabilis Orchidaceae N Quickweed Galinsoga quadriradiata Asteraceae I Bedstraw Galium aparine Rubiaceae N Wild licorice Galium circaezans var. circaezans Rubiaceae N Wild licorice Galium lanceolatum Rubiaceae N White bedstraw Galium mollugo Rubiaceae I Cleavers Galium obtusum Rubiaceae N Bottle gentian Gentiana andrewsii var. andrewsii Gentianaceae N Eastern fringed gentian Gentianopsis crinita Gentianaceae N Wood geranium Geranium maculatum Geraniaceae N White avens Geum canadense var. canadense Rosaceae N Herb-bennet Geum laciniatum var. laciniatum Rosaceae N Hedge hyssop Gratiola neglecta Plantaginaceae N Beggar’s-lice Hackelia virginiana Boraginaceae N Common sneezeweed Helenium autumnale Asteraceae N Orange day-lily Hemerocallis fulva Hemerocallidaceae I Dame’s-rocket Hesperis matronalis Brassicaceae I Mud-plantain Heteranthera reniformis Pontederiaceae N Alum-root Heuchera americana Saxifragaceae N Hawkweed Hieracium fl agellare Asteraceae I Spotted St. John’s-wort Hypericum punctatum Hypericaceae N Yellow star-grass Hypoxis hirsuta Hypoxidaceae N Jewelweed Impatiens capensis Balsaminaceae N Northern blue fl ag Iris versicolor Iridaceae N Dwarf dandelion Krigia virginica Asteraceae N Wood-nettle Laportea canadensis Urticaceae N Poor-man’s-pepper Lepidium virginicum Brassicaceae N Slender bush-clover Lespedeza violacea Fabaceae N Cardinal-fl ower Lobelia cardinalis Campanulaceae N Indian-tobacco Lobelia infl ata Campanulaceae N Great blue lobelia Lobelia siphilitica Campanulaceae N Spiked lobelia Lobelia spicata var. spicata Campanulaceae N False loosestrife Ludwigia alternifolia Onagraceae N Marsh-purslane Ludwigia palustris Onagraceae N Water-horehound Lycopus americanus Lamiaceae N Fringed loosestrife Lysimachia ciliata Myrsinaceae N Creeping-charlie Lysimachia nummularia Myrsinaceae I Purple loosestrife Lythrum salicaria Lythraceae I Canada mayfl ower Maianthemum canadense Ruscaceae N False solomon’s-seal Maianthemum racemosum Ruscaceae N White sweet-clover Melilotus alba Fabaceae I Field mint Mentha arvensis Lamiaceae N Virginia bluebell Mertensia virginica Boraginaceae N Climbing hempweed Mikania scandens Asteraceae N

310 Natural Areas Inventory Update 2007 Partridge-berry Mitchella repens Rubiaceae N Indian-pipe Monotropa unifl ora Monotropaceae N Pennywort Obolaria virginica Gentianaceae N Evening-primrose Oenothera biennis Onagraceae N Sundrops Oenothera fruticosa ssp. fruticosa Onagraceae N Anise root Osmorhiza longistylis Apiaceae N Common yellow wood-sorrel Oxalis stricta Oxalidaceae N Golden ragwort Packera aurea Asteraceae N Forest lousewort Pedicularis canadensis Orobanchaceae N Tall white beard-tongue Penstemon digitalis Plantaginaceae N Halberd-leaf tearthumb Persicaria arifolium Polygonaceae N Mild water-pepper Persicaria hydropiperoides Polygonaceae N Low smartweed Persicaria longiseta Polygonaceae I Lady’s-thumb Persicaria maculosa Polygonaceae I Kiss-me-over-the-garden-gate Persicaria orientale Polygonaceae I Dotted smartweed Persicaria punctata Polygonaceae N Tearthumb Persicaria sagittata Polygonaceae N Jumpseed Persicaria virginianum Polygonaceae N Summer phlox Phlox paniculata Polemoniaceae N Pokeweed Phytolacca americana Phytolaccaceae N Clearweed Pilea pumila Urticaceae N English plantain Plantago lanceolata Plantaginaceae I Broad-leaved plantain Plantago major Plantaginaceae I Mayapple Podophyllum peltatum Berberidaceae N Whorled milkwort Polygala verticillata var. verticillata Polygalaceae N Solomon’s-seal Polygonatum pubescens Ruscaceae N Knotweed Polygonum aviculare Polygonaceae I Old-fi eld cinquefoil Potentilla simplex Rosaceae N Rattlesnake-root Prenanthes sp. Asteraceae N Heal-all Prunella vulgaris ssp. vulgaris Lamiaceae I Mountain-mint Pycnanthemum tenuifolium Lamiaceae N Mountain-mint Pycnanthemum virginianum Lamiaceae N Small-fl owered crowfoot Ranunculus abortivus var. abortivus Ranunculaceae N Hairy buttercup Ranunculus hispidus Ranunculaceae N Small-fl owered crowfoot Ranunculus micranthus Ranunculaceae N Hooked crowfoot Ranunculus recurvatus Ranunculaceae N Marsh watercress Rorippa palustris ssp. palustris Brassicaceae N Liverleaf Rqnunculus americana Ranunculaceae N Black-eyed-susan Rudbeckia hirta var. hirta Asteraceae N Cutleaf conefl ower Rudbeckia laciniata Asteraceae N Curly dock Rumex crispus Polygonaceae I Bloodroot Sanguinaria canadensis Papaveraceae N Canadian sanicle Sanicula canadensis Apiaceae N Yellow-fl owered sanicle Sanicula odorata Apiaceae N Early saxifrage Saxifraga virginiensis Saxifragaceae N Hyssop skullcup Scutellaria integrifolia Lamiaceae N Carrion-fl ower Smilax herbacea Smilacaceae N Bluestem goldenrod Solidago caesia var. caesia Asteraceae N

Natural Areas Inventory Update 2007 311 Canada goldenrod Solidago canadensis var. canadensis Asteraceae N Zigzag goldenrod Solidago fl exicaulis Asteraceae N Smooth goldenrod Solidago gigantea var. gigantea Asteraceae N Early goldenrod Solidago juncea Asteraceae N Wrinkle-leaf goldenrod Solidago rugosa var. rugosa Asteraceae N Field sow-thistle Sonchus arvensis ssp. arvensis Asteraceae I Long-leaved stitchwort Stellaria longifolia Caryophyllaceae N Blue wood aster Symphyotrichum cordifolium Asteraceae N Panicled aster Symphyotrichum lanceolatum ssp. lanceolatum Asteraceae N Calico aster Symphyotrichum laterifl orum Asteraceae N New England aster Symphyotrichum novae-angliae Asteraceae N Heath aster Symphyotrichum pilosum var. pilosum Asteraceae N Purple-stemmed aster Symphyotrichum puniceum Asteraceae N Skunk cabbage Symplocarpus foetidus Araceae N Wild germander Teucrium canadense var. virginicum Lamiaceae N Tall meadow-rue Thalictrum pubescens Ranunculaceae N Purple meadow-rue Thalictrum revolutum Ranunculaceae N Rue anemone Thalictrum thalictroides Ranunculaceae N Rabbit’s-foot clover Trifolium arvense Fabaceae I Large yellow hop-clover Trifolium aureum Fabaceae I Alsike clover Trifolium hybridum Fabaceae I Common cat-tail Typha latifolia Typhaceae N Bellwort Uvularia perfoliata Colchicaceae N Bellwort Uvularia sessilifolia Colchicaceae N Corn-salad Valerianella locusta Valerianaceae I White vervain Verbena urticifolia var. urticifolia Verbenaceae N New York ironweed Vernonia noveboracensis Asteraceae N Slender vetch Vicia tetrasperma Fabaceae I American dog violet Viola labradorica Violaceae N Early blue violet Viola palmata Violaceae N Downy yellow violet Viola pubescens Violaceae N Round-leaved violet Viola rotundifolia Violaceae N Common blue violet Viola sororia Violaceae N Golden-alexander Zizia aurea Apiaceae N Trees, Shrubs, and Woody Vines Red maple Acer rubrum var. rubrum Sapindaceae N Sugar maple Acer saccharum var. saccharum Sapindaceae N Tree-of-heaven Ailanthus altissima Simaroubaceae I Mimosa Albizia julibrissin Fabaceae I Smooth alder Alnus serrulata Betulaceae N Shadbush Amelanchier arborea Rosaceae N Japanese barberry Berberis thunbergii Berberidaceae I Black birch Betula lenta Betulaceae N Hornbeam Carpinus caroliniana Betulaceae N Bitternut hickory Carya cordiformis Juglandaceae N Pignut hickory Carya glabra Juglandaceae N Shagbark hickory Carya ovata Juglandaceae N American chestnut Castanea dentata Fagaceae N

312 Natural Areas Inventory Update 2007 Catalpa Catalpa speciosa Bignoniaceae I Hackberry Celtis occidentalis .var occidentalis Cannabaceae N Buttonbush Cephalanthus occidentalis Rubiaceae N Redbud Cercis canadensis Fabaceae N Kinnikinik Cornus amomum ssp. amomum Cornaceae N Flowering dogwood Cornus fl orida Cornaceae N Silky dogwood Cornus racemosa Cornaceae N American fi lbert Corylus americana Betulaceae N Beaked hazelnut Corylus cornuta Betulaceae N Autumn-olive Elaeagnus umbellata Elaeagnaceae I Winged euonymous Euonymus alatus Celastraceae I Wintercreeper Euonymus fortunei Celastraceae I American beech Fagus grandifolia Fagaceae N White ash Fraxinus americana var. americana Oleaceae N Red ash Fraxinus pennsylvanica Oleaceae N Witch-hazel Hamamelis virginiana Hamamelidaceae N Winterberry Ilex verticillata Aquifoliaceae N Black walnut Juglans nigra Juglandaceae N Eastern red-cedar Juniperus virginiana Cupressaceae N Obtuse-leaved privet Ligustrum obtusifolium Oleaceae I Spicebush Lindera benzoin Lauraceae N Tuliptree Liriodendron tulipifera Magnoliaceae N Japanese honeysuckle Lonicera japonica var. japonica Caprifoliaceae I Crabapple Malus hyb. Rosaceae I Apple Malus pumila Rosaceae I Moonseed Menispermum canadense Menispermaceae N Sourgum Nyssa sylvatica Nyssaceae N Hop-hornbeam Ostrya virginiana Betulaceae N Virginia-creeper Parthenocissus quinquefolia Vitaceae N Ninebark Physocarpus opulifolius Rosaceae N Sycamore Platanus occidentalis Platanaceae N Bigtooth aspen Populus grandidentata Salicaceae N Wild black cherry Prunus serotina Rosaceae N Choke cherry Prunus virginiana Rosaceae N Callery pear Pyrus calleryana Rosaceae I White oak Quercus alba Fagaceae N Swamp white oak Quercus bicolor Fagaceae N Chestnut oak Quercus montana Fagaceae N Pin oak Quercus palustris Fagaceae N Northern red oak Quercus rubra Fagaceae N Black oak Quercus velutina Fagaceae N Rosebay Rhododendron maximum Ericaceae N Pasture rose Rosa carolina Rosaceae N Multifl ora rose Rosa multifl ora Rosaceae I Swamp rose Rosa palustris Rosaceae N Common blackberry Rubus allegheniensis Rosaceae N Southern dewberry Rubus enslenii Rosaceae N Prickly dewberry Rubus fl agellaris Rosaceae N

Natural Areas Inventory Update 2007 313 Swamp dewberry Rubus hispidus Rosaceae N Black-cap Rubus occidentalis Rosaceae N Blackberry Rubus pensilvanicus Rosaceae N Wineberry Rubus phoenicolasius Rosaceae I Black willow Salix nigra Salicaceae N Silky willow Salix sericea Salicaceae N American elder Sambucus canadensis Adoxaceae N Sassafras Sassafras albidum Lauraceae N Bristly greenbrier Smilax hispida Smilacaceae N Catbrier Smilax rotundifolia Smilacaceae N Meadow-sweet Spiraea latifolia Rosaceae N Bladdernut Staphylea trifolia Staphyleaceae N Japanese yew Taxus cuspidata Taxaceae N Arbor-vitae Thuja occidentalis Cupressaceae I Basswood Tilia americana var. americana Malvaceae N Poison-ivy Toxicodendron radicans Anacardiaceae N American elm Ulmus americana Ulmaceae N Red elm Ulmus rubra Ulmaceae N Lowbush blueberry Vaccinium pallidum Ericaceae N Deerberry Vaccinium stamineum Ericaceae N Maple-leaved viburnum Viburnum acerifolium Adoxaceae N Black-haw Viburnum prunifolium Adoxaceae N Northern arrow-wood Viburnum recognitum Adoxaceae N Fox grape Vitis labrusca Vitaceae N Frost grape Vitis riparia Vitaceae N Frost grape Vitis vulpina Vitaceae N Chinese wisteria Wisteria sinensis Fabaceae I Prickly-ash Zanthoxylum americanum Rutaceae N

*Pennsylvania Natural Heritage Program-listed species.

314 Natural Areas Inventory Update 2007