playISSUE 3 - 2007 AN OFFICIAL true PUBLICATION OF THE WORLD ANTI-DOPING AGENCY Record Pace Still early out of the blocks, the global anti-doping movement has fostered a new imperative of sportsmanship and fair play that now extends to every level of athletic competition. Play True examines this revolution in sport and discusses anti-doping’s likely evolution on the occasion of the Third World Conference on Doping in Sport. play true

AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE WORLD ANTI-DOPING AGENCY

CONTACT: THE WORLD ANTI-DOPING AGENCY E-MAIL: [email protected] p. 1 pgs. 3–16 URL: www.wada-ama.org HEADQUARTERS 800 PLACE VICTORIA - SUITE 1700 P.O. BOX 120, MONTREAL, QC H4Z 1B7 TEL: +1 514 904 9232 FAX: +1 514 904 8650 AFRICAN REGIONAL OFFICE PROTEA ASSURANCE BUILDING 8TH FLOOR GREENMARKET SQUARE CAPE TOWN 8001 TEL: +27 21 483 9790 FAX: +27 21 483 9791 ASIA/OCEANIA REGIONAL OFFICE p. 2 C/O INSTITUTE OF SPORTS SCIENCES 3-15-1 NISHIGAOKA, KITA-KU TOKYO 115-0056 JAPAN TEL: +81 3 5963 4321 FAX: +81 3 5963 4320 EUROPEAN REGIONAL OFFICE AVENUE DU TRIBUNAL-FÉDÉRAL 34 1005 LAUSANNE TEL: +41 21 343 43 40 FAX: +41 21 343 43 41

LATIN AMERICAN REGIONAL OFFICE WORLD TRADE CENTER TOWER II UNIT 712 - 18TH FLOOR CALLE LUIS A DE HERRERA 1248 MONTEVIDEO, R.W. Pound : Anti-Doping: TEL: + 598 2 623 5206 FAX: + 598 2 623 5207 Parting Thoughts From Revolution to Evolution Richard W. Pound reflects on EDITOR Retracing the evolution of the global his soon-to-be-completed ELIZABETH HUNTER campaign against doping in sport, beginning mandate as WADA’s first with the revolutionary act of Sport and CONTRIBUTORS President and Chairman. ELIZABETH HUNTER JAMES ROACH Government uniting and continuing through FRÉDÉRIC DONZÉ STACY SPLETZER Page 1 to the Third World Conference. TRANSLATIONS Page 3 FRÉDÉRIC DONZÉ

PHOTOS STACY SPLETZER (ATHLETE OUTREACH) IBU David Howman: From Revolution to Evolution: DESIGN AND LAYOUT A Tribute to Richard Pound Related Articles ANTHONY PHILBIN COMMUNICATIONS Acknowledging the man, Marking Major Milestones...... p.5 The information published in the Play True magazine his values and the incredible was correct at time of printing. The opinions expressed Making and Evolution of the Code...... p.9 commitment he has made are those of the authors alone and do not necessarily Essential Role of Governments...... p.13 to the cause of anti-doping reflect the opinions of WADA. Strategic Activities: Outcomes and Advances...... p.14 in its first eight years Reproduction of articles of the Play True magazine is as a global movement. encouraged. For permission, please send your written request to the WADA Communications Department at Page 2 [email protected]. Play True magazine must be credited in any reproduction. p. 17 contents

p. 20 p. 31

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Global Expansion Code Compliance Update Partner Profile: IBU

A review of the ground-breaking A review of stakeholder responsi- International Biathlon Union (IBU) work that WADA has achieved in bilities and the WADA resources Secretary General Michael Geistlinger helping to establish 14 Regional available to them leading up to the discusses the progress made by the Anti-Doping Organizations 2008 mandatory compliance organization in the aftermath of the serving 119 countries. reporting deadline. Turin . Page 17 Page 22 Page 31

China Update Ethics, Enhancement and Sport Athlete Profile: Marcus Vinícius Freire

China’s new anti-doping agency The Hastings Center is the world's The Olympic Silver Medalist and is the only new agency the first research institution devoted three-time Brazilian delegation government has created during to bioethics. Its President, Chef de Mission discusses the role a period when it has sought to Tom Murray, presents ethics of teamwork in fostering successful limit its growth. These and other arguments supporting the approaches to anti-doping. details from the WADA president’s fight against doping. Page 33 second trip to the country. Page 24 Page 20

Information and Education in Athlete Outreach WADA Updates & Calendar Pg

WADA reviews India’s progress in A review of recent athlete Streamlining Web-based developing anti-doping institutions outreach events and of the Spanish-Language Content...... 30 while conducting information and new resources now available 2008 Prohibited List ...... 30 education sessions in conjunction to assist stakeholders with New WADA Education Director...... 30 with the Indian Ministry of Youth their own outreach programs. WADA Event Calendar...... 35 Affairs and Sports. Page 27 Page 21 Richard W. Pound, WADA President & Chairman

Parting Thoughts

More than eight years ago This special issue of Play True, behind the reliable science and Government and Sport came published in time for distribution at respond to those who make false together to combat the greatest the Third World Conference on or unsupported statements (almost threat ethical sport has ever known. Doping in Sport, provides a always with a degree of self- They agreed on the creation of an historical perspective of our interest) attacking the science. international agency whose mission progress—beginning with the Similarly, more resources and is focused squarely on combating revolutionary act of Sport and partnerships are needed in the doping. I was handed the challenge Government joining forces to research field to ensure that anti- In a knee-jerk reaction to the recent proliferation of doping scandals, certain individuals argue for legalization. This position is incomprehensible, irresponsible and reprehensible in light of the dangers doping poses to athlete health and the future of sport, and it needs to be put to rest once and for all. of establishing and leading the confront the scourge of doping, doping keeps up with the World Anti-Doping Agency, which I and then developing into a opportunistic and entrepreneurial accepted with a profound sense of sustained and ever-evolving science of cheating by doping. responsibility, knowing that in movement that builds on the many respects, the future of sport foundation, draws on our Major break-ups of massive and the health of athletes were in experience and looks to the future. manufacturing and trafficking our hands. I have taken this rings, most recently the Operation responsibility very seriously and And looking towards the future, Raw Deal, confirm what we have given it my full energy. there is much more to do. already knew, that doping is a crisis of international proportion I am extremely proud of what we Recent events tell us that doping is and impact. But not all countries all have accomplished by working much more pervasive than some of have the regulatory framework that together during this relatively brief the most cynical observers might allows law enforcement authorities period. The Foundation Board and ever have imagined. For one, in to stem the rise of these nefarious its leadership, stakeholders around certain camps, the conduct of the schemes. All governments need to the globe and our highly dedicated past has allowed doping to take accelerate the process of ratifying staff have firmly established this root and spread, like a cancer, the UNESCO International agency as a unique partnership taking over the culture of certain Convention against Doping in Sport between Sport and Government, sports. Today, the question for and applying its tenets in earnest. have brought together many some is, can our sport survive? stakeholders and perspectives Pressure and assistance, together Not all countries are actively into one single set of rules for with support for improved efforts, engaged in anti-doping. The anti-doping, covering all athletes must be increased to ensure that international spotlight needs to be in all sports and all countries, these organizations take the right focused on those countries so that have established the first and only steps, now. they are held accountable for their coordinated scientific research part in the global harmonized fight program for the detection of The science of detection and against doping. WADA’s performance enhancing laboratory performance need to be development program has made substances, have expanded beyond criticism, including limiting inroads. Now all need to the reach of anti-doping in the possibility of false negative tests participate. The absence of even underserved regions through or legal loopholes. Those involved one country from the fight against our development program. in the fight against doping in sport doping risks upsetting the balance The list goes on. must also be willing to stand sought for a level playing field.

1 play true - issue 3 - 2007 David Howman, WADA Director General

A Tribute to Richard W. Pound

Education can no longer play a As we prepare for the Third Richard has always had the back seat to other strategies in anti- World Conference on Doping courage to speak the unvarnished doping. Children need to hear the in Sport and for the changing truth, and that is what has message and be given the tools, at of the guard in the selection of been required to effect change. a very young age, to respond in the a government representative to most healthful way when confronted become WADA’s next president, Indeed, throughout the eight years with the question of doping. Nor I take this opportunity on he has led WADA, Richard has should the educational process be behalf of everybody, to express had the vision to see the larger limited to children. It needs to affect our warmest gratitude to strategic picture and the courage the entire spectrum of society. Richard Pound. to follow it through. Our success is a measure and a recognition In a knee-jerk reaction to the recent Richard dedicated his efforts of his vision and leadership. proliferation of doping scandals, and skills to the creation of what certain individuals argue for has become a highly effective We gather at this World legalization. This position is institution, for the benefit of youth Conference to look to the future, incomprehensible, irresponsible and and sport, around the globe with a newly revised World Anti- reprehensible in light of the dangers and for generations to come. Doping Code, a new leadership, doping poses to athlete health and and certainly in anticipation the future of sport, and it needs to In the time that I have worked of new and unpredictable be put to rest once and for all. with Richard, I have been challenges. We are emboldened reminded regularly of his by the legacy Richard leaves In a sense, in this complex system convictions and his ability. He and the example he has set. that is the global harmonized fight brought a calm and reassuring against doping, we are only as presence, coupled with sound To quote the Roman poet strong as our weakest link. The judgment, fresh thinking Manlius “the end depends future will depend on how and unflinching candour. upon the beginning” and successful we are in strengthening thanks to Richard’s leadership, these areas. Some might characterize his we could not have been given candour as perhaps not always a better beginning. Whatever strategies and tools are entirely politically correct. brought to confront these specific But one thing is certain, David Howman trials, from our present and past Director General experience, I know there is no panacea. The fight against doping is a living exercise requiring vigilance and fortitude.

Your responsibility is now to redouble your efforts and to keep the momentum going forward. You will need to think anew about how to keep young athletes free from the dangers of doping and protect the intrinsic value sport has in the development of future generations.

Richard W. Pound President & Chairman Also in this Section: • World Conferences: Marking Major Milestones...... p.5 • The Code: Making & Evolution...... p.9 • The Essential Role of Governments...... p.13 • Strategic Activities: Outcomes & Advances...... p.14 RevolutionFrom Looking toward the future of the fight against doping in sport, Play True retraces the evolution of the global campaign, beginning with the event that catapulted Governments and Sport into a revolutionary act of allying forces at the First World Conference on Doping in 1999. Anti-Doping—From Revolution to Evolution

Evolutionto And so, in February 1999, in Lausanne, at the First rev·o·lu·tion World Conference on Doping in Sport, the revolution began. Sport and Governments of the world came Function: noun together to ally their forces and devise their strategy for a full frontal assault on doping. That strategy Definition: a fundamental change in required a uniform approach, coordinated on a the way of thinking about global scale, through a partnership between Sport and Government, and led to the creation of WADA to or visualizing something: act as the independent international body to marshal a change of paradigm the global campaign. WADA’s first order of business was to facilitate, with Sport and Government stakeholders, the drafting of a consensus document The Festina doping scandal that rocked cycling that would serve as the framework for harmonized in 1998 catapulted Sport and Governments of the anti-doping policies, rules and regulations within world into action. Concerns about the harms of sport organizations and among public authorities. doping to the health of athletes and to the integrity of sport—concerns that had been growing over The first years of the campaign were dedicated to the previous decades—exploded with Festina, consultation among WADA and government and and it became supremely evident that the scourge sport stakeholders on the development of the of doping is the greatest threat that sport had ever World Anti-Doping Code, and culminated with known. It could no longer be ignored or addressed its unanimous acceptance by all stakeholders in sporadically. It had to be confronted head-on. March of 2003, at the Second World Conference A revolution was needed. One encompassing on Doping in Sport, in Copenhagen. everyone, including sports authorities, governments, athletes, scientists, educators, coaches, trainers. Armed with the universally-accepted Code, Sport Anyone who had a stake in the future of sport and and Government began working, each in their own the health of not just elite athletes, but the millions fashion, to implement it. The International Olympic of youth who admire athletic heroism and aspire Committee—in a shot across the bow—immediately to excel in sport. amended its charter so that any sport wishing to

play true - issue 3 - 2007 4 Anti-Doping—From Revolution to Evolution

To form a strategy of this scale and a system of this complexity is a serious undertaking in itself. But within just a few short years, the Government-Sport partnership became more solid and the paradigm shift—from individual and disjointed efforts to a globally harmonized campaign—had cemented.

participate in the Games, beginning with the 2004 strong education programs to prevent doping Summer Games in Athens, must have adopted and altogether by reaching athletes early enough to instil implemented the Code prior to the commencement the values and tools for making healthy decisions. of those Games. Governments, under the aegis of UNESCO, began putting the tenets of the Code into To form a strategy of this scale and a system of the form of an international treaty so that this complexity is a serious undertaking in itself. governments could bind themselves to and follow- But within just a few short years, the Government- through on implementation of the Code within their Sport partnership became more solid and the respective countries. paradigm shift—from individual and disjointed efforts to a globally harmonized campaign— Meanwhile, as the Code provided the framework, had cemented. The foundations had been laid, WADA provided the direction, insisting upon a sports federations continued with their individual comprehensive three-pronged approach involving Code implementations, and governments adopted testing, research and education: testing, not only to the international treaty (the UNESCO Convention detect the presence of prohibited substances and Against Doping in Sport) and began their methods in an athlete’s sample, but also to deter those individual ratifications. who might be less inclined to take the risk of being caught; research, to keep testing programs up-to-date, The preliminary phase of one of the greatest given the rapidly advancing science of doping; and battles was behind us.

Three World Conferences Marking Major Milestones

First Lausanne, then Copenhagen, urgent need to strengthen the and now Madrid. The Third World fight against doping in sport, Conference on Doping in Sport, particularly following the various taking place from 15 to 17 doping scandals that beset November 2007 at the convention cycling’s Tour de in centre of the Spanish capital, will 1998. It was determined at that follow in the example set by two time that a global strategy was other world conferences, which needed that would bring together marked many crucial milestones and coordinate sports and public in the fight against doping in sport. authority resources in the fight against doping, and this first The First World Conference on conference led to the concept of Doping in Sport was held in an independent international Lausanne (Switzerland) in agency responsible for coordinating February 1999, at the instigation and monitoring the global fight of the International Olympic against doping in sport, which Committee (IOC). The aim of this resulted in the creation of WADA meeting was to respond to the in November 1999.

5 play true - issue 3 - 2007 Anti-Doping—From Revolution to Evolution

stakeholders to adopt and implement so that evo·lu·tion messages about athlete roles and responsibilities in Function: noun the fight against doping could be spread far and wide. Similarly, education tools for athletes and members Definition: a process of continuous of their entourage were aggregated and shared with change from a lower, stakeholders in many regions of the world. simpler, or worse to a The monitoring of the Code began in 2004 when higher, more complex, it came into formal effect. And each year since or better state: growth that time there has been a demonstrably greater understanding of and compliance with the Code The quest for global harmonization led WADA to in the delivery of sanctions by stakeholders. establish a development program which now fosters the creation of anti-doping programs in underserved Still, the Code was always intended to be a living regions of the world through Regional Anti-Doping document, evolving to meet the needs of the anti- Organizations, with an eye toward worldwide doping movement. In early 2006, WADA launched coverage by 2010. an extensive review of the Code, in consultation with its stakeholders, over the course of an 18-month, An escalation of resources committed to scientific 3-phase process. This intensive review (in its final research brought about major advances in the science stages at the time of this writing) will build on of detection, for example in the discovery and several years of practical experience with the current detection of DMT, and now look to heading off Code, fine tune its provisions and strengthen overall possible future threats such as gene doping. efforts to combat doping worldwide.

A model for reaching out and interacting one-on-one At the same time, major busts, such as the BALCO with athletes at competitions was developed for affair in the and Festina in France, and

The Second World Conference, stakeholders in the fight against Madrid over Bangkok () organized by WADA in Copenhagen doping the opportunity to and Kuala Lumpur () as (Denmark), from 3 to 5 March contribute and submit their the host city. In Madrid, 2003, marked another important comments and recommendations discussion will revolve around, in milestone in the fight against (see “The Making and Evolution particular, the final draft of the doping. At this conference, of the Code,” p. 9). revised Code, which is the result more than 1,000 delegates of an extensive stakeholder representing the governments At the Third World Conference, consultation process, launched in and the sports movement the evolution of this Code and the April 2006, intended to benefit unanimously approved the final fight against doping in general from several years’ experience of version of the World Anti-Doping will form the focus of debate. operating under the Code and to Code, the first document to WADA’s Foundation Board further strengthen the fight harmonize doping-related rules decided in May 2005 to organize against doping. Some 1,500 in all sports and all countries. this major conference to evaluate delegates, observers and media This event took place following progress and challenges in the representatives are expected in the an unprecedented consultation fight against doping and to Spanish capital from 15 to 17 process, which was launched identify next steps, and six November 2007. in 2001 and sought to give all months later, the Board selected

play true - issue 3 - 2007 6 A powerful momentum has characterized the anti-doping movement in the brief eight years since it began. Should the momentum hold, should stakeholders remain resolved, and should those who have remained indifferent until now be brought into the alliance, then there is great hope for sport and for future generations around the globe. Anti-Doping—From Revolution to Evolution

even more recently the international Operation the creation of WADA and the Code, it was primarily Raw Deal, demonstrate that doping often occurs the sports organizations which led the fight against on a broad scale and involves the participation of doping within their own respective communities. well-financed and well-organized members of the There was a scarcity and splintering of resources athlete entourage, those who profit from the athlete’s necessary to conduct research and testing, a lack success, derived from doping, while risking very of knowledge about specific substances and little themselves. The ease with which one can procedures being used and to what degree, purchase prohibited substances through the Internet and an uneven approach to penalties for athletes also lends to the proliferation of counterfeit products, found guilty of doping. The isolated and disjointed posing even greater health risks to the user.The efforts did little to stem the scourge of doping. trafficking of doping substances is now understood to be linked, in many cases, with organized crime and Fast-forward to the present, and we find a its sophisticated distribution networks, who find it a world greatly transformed. particularly high-profit low-risk business. Today, there is harmonization. The vehicle for that With the growing recognition of the power of these harmonization—the Code—has proven itself fair, influences, additional strategies have been brought practical and practicable. There is an international to bear in a coordinated manner to confront them. independent body—WADA—protecting the integrity of that Code and ensuring that it remains a living Important progress in cracking down on large scale document, that serves the evolving needs of Sport doping rings has been possible thanks to major and Governments. investigations led by government agencies and law enforcement authorities in countries committed to Today, there is a global network of anti-doping outlawing the manufacture, trafficking and possession organizations, government authorities and laboratories, of doping substances. The evidence collected during operating in a complex and interdependent system, these investigations is extremely valuable in following- united in the common purpose of rooting out doping. up on anti-doping violations committed by athletes and their entourage. Now, in a collaborative effort, Granted, challenges exist today within the system. But WADA is working with stakeholders, including law these are the inevitable growing pains of a system in its enforcement authorities, in the development of early phases of development, and are to be expected. protocols for the sharing of information to enhance While there might still be some who want to avoid the the efficiency of the fight against doping. The assistance of Interpol has been solicited also in the efforts to obvious, and others who now suffer the detriments share law enforcement information across borders of their long-term denial, fortunately, avoidance and in the breaking up of international trafficking rings. denial are becoming rarer and less tolerated by the rest of the world. The situation created by the combined In the realm of science and medicine, a new strategy sport-government resources dedicated to anti-doping is is being pursued that involves the longitudinal tracking an improvement over the past. The future will call for a of athlete biological parameters. This biological tracing bolstering of these resources in the face of the ever throughout an athlete’s sporting career should make evolving nature of the foe and the tools and strategies any illegal preparation far harder to implement, thanks required to combat it on a global scale. to the detection, in the event of such preparation, of indirect signs of the use of banned substances What challenges and innovations will the future and methods. As with speed detection on roads, it is bring to reduce the hold of doping on sport and youth a matter of progressing from fixed radars (the location worldwide? The foundation is solid, and universal of which is often known) to mobile radars that commitment is secure. A powerful momentum has measure speed on a permanent basis. characterized the anti-doping movement in the brief eight years since it began. Should the momentum hold, Looking toward the future evolution should stakeholders remain resolved, and should those who have remained indifferent until now be brought Some seem to forget all that has been achieved since into the alliance, then there is great hope for sport 1999—and they must therefore be reminded. Prior to and for future generations around the globe.

play true - issue 3 - 2007 8 Anti-Doping—From Revolution to Evolution

The Making and Evolution of the Code

The current version of the World Anti-Doping Code, the document providing a harmonized framework for anti-doping policies, rules and regulations for sports organizations and public authorities, was presented to WADA stakeholders during the Second World Conference on Doping in Sport in March 2003 (see “Three World Conferences: Marking Major Milestones,” p. 5), and entered into force on 1 January 2004.

The making of the Code was a challenging and complex task involving the development and integration of several standards and core activities, such as the list of banned substances, accreditation of laboratories, and testing of doping control samples.

The drafting represented an unprecedented and extensive consultation process involving all categories of stakeholders and experts, including the athletes themselves. All stakeholders were informed about important milestones and activities and all had the opportunity to provide feedback, which was incorporated into each successive draft version of the Code.

The initiative took a global and inclusive approach, relying on and consulting with all stakeholders in the development and coordination of a comprehensive and worldwide anti-doping strategy, called the World Anti- Doping Program. This program consists of three levels: the Code, the four International Standards (Prohibited List, Therapeutic Use Exemptions, Testing, and Laboratories), and the Models of Best Practice. The Code and the International Standards are mandatory for Code signatories.

Code structure

The first stage in the process consisted of circulating a draft of the main structure of the World Anti-Doping Program and an outline of the Code, having been endorsed by WADA’s Executive Committee in November 2001, to WADA stakeholders for comments by the end of 2001.

9 play true - issue 3 - 2007 Anti-Doping—From Revolution to Evolution

Following this initial phase, experts in the fight Some weeks later, in mid-November 2002, the four against doping were consulted in order to develop mandatory standards developed by the working and draft the backbone of the Code, which groups were sent out for consultation. consisted of core elements such as the rationale for anti-doping; the definition of doping; anti-doping At the end of this phase, which included the rules violations; proof of doping; the prohibited list; submission of final comments, the definitive version and sanctions and appeals. Consultative meetings of the Code was distributed in February 2003 along with governments, the International Olympic with the second draft of the International Standards. Committee (IOC), International Federations (IF), National Anti-Doping Organizations (NADO) and These documents were presented and approved National Olympic Committees were also conducted unanimously at the Second World Conference on in early 2002, and these contributed significantly to Doping in Sport, which took place in Copenhagen the drafting process of specific articles in the Code. (Denmark), from 3 to 5 March 2003. Representatives from 101 nationalities, the 35 International Olympic From February to April 2002, the Code Project Team Sports Federations and 80 governments were all present. (a group of internal and external experts) consulted relevant WADA working committees in addition to On the final day of the conference, the WADA receiving feedback and comments from WADA’s Foundation Board adopted the Code unanimously. broader stakeholder group. The delegates then unanimously adopted a Conference Resolution, which recognized the Code Consultation and drafting as the basis of the fight against doping in sport. To demonstrate their support, the governments drafted The first complete draft of the Code was presented to the Copenhagen Declaration, a political document the WADA Foundation Board at its meeting in June through which they formally pledged to adopt the 2002, and then sent to more than 1,000 individuals principles of the Code by subsequently ratifying an and organizations for comments, who were given international treaty against doping in sport (see three months to respond. “The Essential Role of Governments,” p. 13).

Based on the comments received, the second The IOC accepted the Code at its session in July version of the Code was presented to the WADA 2003 and amended the Olympic Charter to ensure Executive Committee at its meeting on 1 October. that only those sports that had implemented the As with the previous draft, this was then Code would be able to participate in the program distributed to over 1,000 stakeholders. of the Olympic Games.

play true - issue 3 - 2007 10 Anti-Doping—From Revolution to Evolution

The Code and the associated International Standards efforts worldwide. This has been demonstrated by entered into force on 1 January 2004. To date, over the overwhelming support of Governments and 570 sports organizations have adopted the Code. Sports in adopting the Code, in addition to the growing body of CAS jurisprudence supporting the Formalized rules and respective responsibilities Code’s tenets. Nevertheless, the Code, as outlined in Article 23.6, was always intended to serve as a Two significant advances made by the Code in the living document, evolving to meet needs. global war on doping are the formalization of certain rules and the clarification of stakeholder responsi- In light of the evolution of anti-doping, and with bilities, thus bringing harmonization for the first time the purpose of leveraging the experience acquired to a system where previously rules had varied among during several years of implementation, in April sports and countries or had not existed at all. 2006, WADA and the anti-doping community launched a consultation process for a practical For example, for the first time, the universal criteria review of the Code and associated International were set for considering whether a substance or Standards. The intended result is a strengthening method may be banned from use and placed on the of anti-doping protocols and programs worldwide. Prohibited List. The Code also established the strict liability principle as the basis for determining anti- The fully transparent consultation process facilitated doping rule violations by athletes with positive by WADA, similar to the process implemented for doping results. In addition, it set the standard for the initial drafting of the Code, was conducted under minimum and maximum sanctions while providing the supervision of the WADA Executive Committee. flexibility for the consideration of the circumstances Three consultation phases were held (from April of the cases. At the same time, the Code opened the to July 2006, from January to March 2007, and door for the sanctioning of “non-analytical positives” from the beginning of June to the end of July 2007), meaning that evidence other than a positive doping which gave all stakeholders and interested parties test may be sufficient to sanction those found to have the opportunity to contribute in a constructive violated anti-doping rules. Such violations include manner to the practical improvement of the use or attempted use of a banned substance, failure Code and International Standards. to provide whereabouts information or be available for testing, tampering with doping control or analysis Comments were therefore submitted by process, and possession of banned substances. governments, the IOC, IFs, NADOs, athletes, and many other sports organizations and individuals. The Code also formalized WADA’s right of appeal to A total of approximately 210 organizations and the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) on rulings by individuals submitted suggestions during the anti-doping organizations operating under the Code. consultation, compared to almost 260 during the original drafting of the Code. During the first Code review consultation phase (April–July 2006), WADA received 71 submissions which were considered Over the years, the Code has proved to be a powerful in the development of the First Revised Draft of and effective tool in the harmonization of anti-doping the Code. During the second consultation phase

Three steps to Code compliance

Code acceptance means that the organization agrees to the principles of the Code and agrees to implement and comply with the Code.

Code implementation means that the organization amends its rules and policies to include the mandatory articles and principles of the Code.

Code compliance means that the organization has amended its rules and policies and is enforcing them in accordance with the Code.

WADA has a duty to monitor stakeholder acceptance, implementation and compliance with the World Anti-Doping Code. Anti-Doping—From Revolution to Evolution

Two significant advances made by the Code in the global war on doping are the formalization of certain rules and the clarification of stakeholder responsibilities,thus bringing harmonization for the first time to a system where previously rules had varied among sports and countries or had not existed at all.

(January–March 2007), 81 sets of comments this flexibility would provide for enhanced sanctions were submitted on the First Revised Draft, which in cases involving aggravating circumstances, led to the Second Revised Draft of the Code. Some lessened sanctions would be possible where the 61 submissions were made on this second draft, athlete is able to prove that the substance involved and the diminution of stakeholder comments to was not intended to enhance performance. the successive iterations suggests that a relatively broad consensus had been reached on many of The draft revised Code and associated International the elements. The Third Revised Draft of the Code Standards address delays and recommend the was published on 15 October 2007, and will be acceleration of the process and management of presented for approval at the Third World Conference doping cases (e.g., reduced period between analysis on Doping in Sport, to take place from 15 to 17 of the A- and B-samples and mandatory provisional November 2007, in Madrid (). suspension following confirmation of an adverse analytical finding through analysis of the B-sample). All of the comments received, as well as monthly updates on the consultation process, were published Stakeholders have also requested greater on the WADA Web site, unless the organization harmonization, now included in the draft or individual submitting the comments requested revised Code and International Standards, otherwise. At the same time, revised versions of the in some areas where stakeholders had initially International Standard for Testing, the International wanted some flexibility at the time of the original Standard for Laboratories and the International drafting of the 2003 Code. For example, the 2003 Standard for Therapeutic Use Exemptions were Code does not set requirements as to the number published for consultation. of missed tests that should lead to a potential anti-doping rule violation, leaving it to anti-doping Furthermore, the Code Project Team (a group of organizations to determine this number. This internal and external experts) in charge of reviewing flexibility was examined as part of the Code the Code held numerous meetings with various and International Standards review, with a view stakeholder organizations in order to discuss the to harmonizing the rules and making them more Code review and solicit to their suggestions. uniform and mandatory. The draft revised Code now formalizes the current WADA recommendation General trends that any combination of three missed tests and/or failures by an athlete to provide accurate The result of this vast consultation process is a draft whereabouts information within an 18-month of the revised Code revealing three major trends: period shall constitute an anti-doping rule violation. firmness, a strengthening of the fight against doping, and fairness. A clause in the draft thus proposes a Barring changes made at the World Conference in strengthening of sanctions for doping cases involving Madrid as regards the required implementation date certain “aggravating circumstances,” such as of the newly revised Code, the final draft states that participation in an organized doping network or the revised Code will come into force on 1 January scheme, the use of multiple prohibited substances 2009. This means that each signatory needs to by the same athlete, or behaviour intended to ensure that its rules reflect the amendments obstruct the detection or adjudication of an anti- included in the revised Code prior to that date. doping rule violation. For further information on the Code and its review, At the same time, greater flexibility would be please consult the “Code Review” section on the introduced as relates to sanctions in general. While WADA Web site (www.wada-ama.org).

play true - issue 3 - 2007 12 Anti-Doping—From Revolution to Evolution

The Essential Role of Governments

Governments have a key role to play alongside WADA has paid particular attention to these kinds and in cooperation with the sports world in the fight of complementary actions carried out by the sports against doping in sport, and many public authority and public authorities over the past few years. leaders are fully aware of this. Because some states In cooperation with other sports and anti-doping cannot be legally bound by a non-governmental organizations, WADA organized two symposia on document such as the World Anti-Doping Code, the investigative powers of anti-doping authorities governments commit to the global fight against in 2006 and 2007, bringing together representatives doping and implement Code-compliant programs of governments, sports, anti-doping organizations through a two-step process. First, governments and law enforcement. signal their political commitment to WADA and the Code by signing the Copenhagen Declaration of Indeed, important progress in cracking down on 2003, which is then followed by ratification of the large scale doping schemes has been possible UNESCO International Convention against Doping thanks to major investigations led by government Important progress in cracking down on large scale doping schemes has been possible thanks to major investigations led by government agencies and law enforcement in countries committed to outlawing the manufacture, trafficking and possession of doping substances.

in Sport, the practical document which permits and law enforcement agencies in countries committed governments to align their domestic policies with to outlawing the manufacture, trafficking and the Code. To date, 191 governments have signed possession of doping substances. In addition, the the Copenhagen Declaration. The UNESCO evidence collected during these investigations becomes Convention, drafted and adopted in record time extremely valuable to sport and anti-doping authorities of less than one year for each, entered into force who are then able to follow-up on anti-doping on 1 February 2007, and by mid-October 2007, violations committed by athletes and their entourage. some 67 governments had ratified it. Following these two investigations symposia, The UNESCO Convention, the first universal treaty WADA created a working group, which is currently against doping in sport, formalizes the responsi- establishing how to improve cooperation and the bilities of governments in the fight against doping sharing of information between governmental agencies in sport, as public authority action is essential to on the one hand and the sports and anti-doping the effectiveness of the fight against doping. For authorities on the other. The working group has also example, governments can, and have the responsibility been tasked with putting forward protocol models. to, facilitate doping tests, fund research, (For further information on these new strategies, and support education regarding the dangers please consult issue 1, 2007, of Play True.) and consequences of this threat to public health. What’s more, governments, and by their extension WADA also has reached an agreement with Interpol, law enforcement authorities, have an even broader the world’s largest police organization, for heightened field of influence than sport in the fight against coordination between the law enforcement community doping. As such, in areas in which sports and the sports authorities in the context of doping-related authorities have no power to intervene, government investigations. A memorandum of understanding and law enforcement authorities are able to take between WADA and Interpol will be approved officially measures relating to source and supply, such as at the Third World Conference on Doping in Sport shutting down trafficking rings, beefing up border in Madrid, so as to define a specific cooperation controls and carrying out investigations. framework between the two organizations.

13 play true - issue 3 - 2007 Anti-Doping—From Revolution to Evolution

Strategic Activities: Outcomes & Advances

Reflecting the importance of a comprehensive WADA’s own Athlete Outreach Program has approach to the fight against doping in sport, become an integral strategy for educating athletes WADA targets its activities in several strategic areas. and their support personnel about the dangers The key advances and outcomes of these programs, and consequences of doping. Launched in 2001, achieved in the brief but dynamic period since the outreach program is delivered at major WADA’s founding, are highlighted here. multi-sport events, such as the Olympics and Paralympics, and has interacted with thousands Anti-Doping Development of athletes worldwide. Each program recruits a team of international anti-doping experts to support Piloted in mid-2004 with five countries in the its operation and uses the WADA Doping Quiz, Oceania region, WADA’s anti-doping program now translated into 16 languages, to provide development initiative has resulted in the anti-doping information directly to athletes and expansion of the fight against doping around officials in a fun and interactive way. The success the globe through the establishment of Regional of the outreach program led to the creation of Anti-Doping Organizations (RADO). the WADA Outreach Model in late 2006 for the implementation of outreach programs by sport WADA facilitates the establishment of RADOs by and anti-doping stakeholders alike. With the free bringing together countries with similar geographical templates available in a multitude of languages interests, in regions where there are no or limited and formats, more than 25 stakeholders have anti-doping activities, so that they can pool human already adopted the WADA outreach model as the and financial resources for the implementation of basis for their own athlete awareness programs. doping control and anti-doping education programs. In each of the regions, the RADO is a shared Science organization among the countries involved that takes on the responsibility for the full range of anti-doping Four years under the Code have allowed for the duties, including coordinating sample collection; development and consolidation of several activities managing results, appeals, and TUE approvals; in Science. disseminating education and information; and establishing Code compliant anti-doping rules. The Prohibited List: A committee of ten members, representing different fields of expertise, reviews By the close of 2007, more than 119 countries and establishes the draft Prohibited List on an across 14 RADOs will have become engaged in the annual basis and submits the draft to a transparent fight against doping through local ownership, the and thorough process of consultation. Comments support of partners and most of all the commitment from stakeholders are reviewed by the scientific by those countries to protecting their athletes’ health committees before the Prohibited List is discussed and right to doping-free sport. and approved by the representatives of the governments and sport authorities at the Athletes WADA Executive Committee.

Created in 2005, WADA’s Athlete Committee rapidly Research: Since 2001, WADA has established established itself as an effective representative for Clean a strong and continuous support system for Athletes within WADA programs and on the global stage. anti-doping research. With more than 25 percent Not only have Committee members provided constructive of its annual budget, for a total of more than feedback to WADA on anti-doping topics, but they are US$32 million, WADA has supported close also speaking out on behalf of Clean Athletes worldwide, to 150 research projects for the improvement calling for tough sanctions for those who cheat and development of new anti-doping methods themselves and their competitors by doping, as well as and the detection of new drugs.The growing challenging governments and sports to raise the profile number of scientific presentations and international and voice of their own clean athletes. Committee publications making reference to WADA illustrates members have been key participants in every step of the the vitality of this key program. consultation and review of the World Anti-Doping Code.

play true - issue 3 - 2007 14 Anti-Doping—From Revolution to Evolution

Laboratory Accreditation: The laboratory Further, the creation of WADA has permitted the accreditation and re-accreditation program has development of a network of medical experts around been a major point of focus since WADA’s inception. the problem of doping, in partnership with sports Inherited from the IOC in 2004, this program medicine organizations. This helps to identify and has evolved into a more continuous monitoring debate issues, in order to develop solutions that are of laboratory performance and quality, based on applicable in the global context. the harmonized and stringent rules under the International Standard for Laboratories and Legal the related Technical Documents. These new rules under the Code have established a strong basis of Every year since the beginning, legal activities in harmonization for the work conducted by the relation to harmonization and Code monitoring have existing accredited laboratories worldwide as grown exponentially. In the initial stages, WADA’s well as guidance for future laboratories joining legal activities were driven in part by a very strong the WADA accreditation. Strong links are now legal committee, whose work was devoted chiefly to established with other international organizations the implementation of contractual relationships for concerned with laboratory performance, quality out-of-competition testing and the establishment of and accreditation, including the International initial rules and regulations for harmonization. With Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation and the the development of the Code, drafted in 2001 and Bureau International des Poids et Mesures. 2002, and adopted in 2003, WADA’s legal activities grew. And, with the Code coming into force in 2004, Medicine specifically giving WADA the right of appeal to the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) of International Since its creation, WADA has sharpened its Federation and National Anti-Doping Organization strategies relating to athlete health, including rulings, WADA’s legal activities have shifted to a generating a broader understanding of the dangers close monitoring of all doping sanctions delivered of doping and exploring new medical models around the world and the launch of appeals to for enhanced detection. CAS when appropriate.

The first major step concerns the mechanism for In addition, WADA’s legal department has granting Therapeutic Use Exemptions (TUE). Prior contributed to many different areas, including to WADA’s existence, the treatment of therapeutic data protection for ADAMS, contracts for research, use of doping substances was greatly disparate protection of the WADA logo, establishment of among International Federations and National various standards and a very important involvement Anti-Doping Organizations, ranging from a complete in the revision of the Code in the lead up to the absence of a TUE policy to a system of exemptions Third World Conference on Doping in Sport. that was mostly symbolic and very permissive. Today, thanks to WADA, there exists an International Anti-Doping Coordination: ADAMS Standard formalizing a single process for everyone. This standard brings to bear not only the desired WADA launched ADAMS officially on November 17, harmonization, but it also permits a medical 2005, to serve as the platform for stakeholders consistency in the authorizations based on to share important anti-doping information and validated references. activities in one secure system—from athletes providing whereabouts information, to anti-doping A more medical approach has also been introduced organizations ordering tests, to laboratories through the development of the Athlete Passport reporting results, to anti-doping organizations concept. Thus the longitudinal follow-up of athlete managing results. biological parameters recorded in a "passport" should allow the identification, indirectly, of abnormal ADAMS is specifically designed for WADA profiles due to the use of banned substances or stakeholders and is free to use from anywhere in the methods. The Athlete Passport, currently in world via the Internet. Available in seven languages, development, could offer an interesting solution in ADAMS is highly secure and meets European Union the face of the limits of direct detection of substances data protection requirements. in athlete samples. This model could also play an important role in the monitoring of athlete health for the identification of pathological abnormalities.

15 play true - issue 32 - 2007 Anti-Doping—From Revolution to Evolution

Since its launch, ADAMS has made significant In parallel, WADA continues to run its Social advances, in both its adoption by stakeholders for Science Research Grant Program, first initiated the management of their day-to-day doping control for the purpose of yielding evidence-based programs and its deployment for in-competition information on which to ground WADA's programs at Major Games. ADAMS has been education and prevention initiatives. successfully implemented for the doping control management at three Major Games: the 2006 WADA's education activities and materials are Paralympic Winter Games in Torino (), the 2006 already beginning to receive an enthusiastic in Doha (Qatar), and the 2007 Pan welcome and recognition from stakeholders American Games in Rio de Janeiro (). In addition, worldwide as offering practical assistance with consistent with best practice in major technology-based the design and implementation of anti-doping initiatives, WADA continues to devote resources to education programs that suit and reflect local enhance functionality and ease of use. cultures, needs and resources.

An essential tool in the fight against doping, ADAMS Finance facilitates stakeholders compliance with the World Anti-Doping Code in a more efficient and cost- WADA was created on the basis that it would effective manner than ever before. be funded equally by the Olympic Movement and the Governments of the world. In the early days Education (2000–2001), the Olympic Movement alone funded WADA in order to allow governments to WADA's current Education strategy was developed organize their contributions and to agree amongst with prevention as its key focus. To be effective, themselves on a share split. Since 2002, the preventive anti-doping education needs to offer a Olympic Movement has been matching all of the sustained process of developing and integrating government payments, dollar for dollar. In values in individuals, at the earliest age possible, 2002–2003, government funding was relatively that will help them make the choice, when it arises, low (much of these dues were not paid until of not engaging in cheating or doping. From a 2004–2005). The resulting tight cash flow and practical view-point and for best effect, because lack of reserves required extremely prudent education is a process that is intrinsically tied to management and the downsizing of planned culture and custom, anti-doping education activities activities. However, since 2005, payments have need to be conceived and delivered locally, using been coming in earlier in the year and more established education-enabling structures that are regularly, thereby greatly improving cash flow not limited to sports centers, sports schools or clubs, and the ability to follow-through on all planned but also include regular classrooms and other projects. In 2006, the rate of contribution reached teaching environments (families, social groups, etc.). 95.1 percent, demonstrating that nearly all regions of the world were meeting their financial As such, WADA has developed education activities responsibilities in the global harmonized geared to assisting stakeholders with promoting and fight against doping in sport. instilling the Spirit of Sport values so as to provide strong moral grounds on which to base decisions not In 2005, WADA began maintaining its accounts to engage in doping. WADA's values-based education under the International Financial Report Standards activities are delivered in an interactive format, (IFRS) and the audited accounts are publicly to fully engage stakeholders in ownership of their reported in the WADA Annual Report. The WADA own programs, and reap the practical, capacity- Finance and Administration Committee closely building benefits of the "train the trainer" model. scrutinizes budget provisions and proposals, as These activities target youth and also cast a broader well as the audited accounts and reports from the net to reach all of the actors from a youth's and auditors. Monthly accounts are made available for future athlete's major circles of influence (teachers, management and quarterly accounts are presented coaches, doctors and therapists, officials, parents, to the WADA Executive Committee. By operating etc.). WADA's values-based education activities under this open and transparent process and include the regional "Traveling Seminars" and by meeting the highest standards in financial education "Tool Kits" for teachers, for elite coaches reporting, WADA instils trust and confidence and for anti-doping program officers. among its stakeholders.

play true - issue 32 - 2007 16 Regional Anti-Doping Organizations Global Expansion Anti-Doping Programs Take Root around the Globe

The WADA anti-doping Because not every country of the that need support, because they development program, launched world has a solid anti-doping have limited capacities. It is in 2004, has made considerable program, it was first up to WADA important to launch testing progress in only three years. to design a strategy that sought programs, raise athlete awareness Designed to enable every global coverage. “We carefully and establish values even in the country in the world to carry analysed the panorama of the smallest of countries.” out anti-doping activities in fight against doping to establish accordance with the World which countries were carrying Following the successful creation Anti-Doping Code, this program out anti-doping activities, and of a pilot RADO in Oceania in facilitates the development which were not,” explained June 2004, in partnership with of Regional Anti-Doping WADA Director General David several organizations (see “The Organizations (RADO) in regions Howman. “The countries with Power of Partnerships,” below), in which there are no established robust programs, often directed WADA decided to repeat the or developed doping control by a National Anti-Doping model in other regions. Five programs. By the close of 2007, Organization or by the National RADOs were thus established in 14 RADOs will have been created Olympic Committee, do not 2004 and 2005. Four additional so that 119 countries will now require special attention. But the regional organizations were set be active in the fight against small countries, and those with up in 2006, followed by five doping through these structures underdeveloped or inactive anti- more in 2007 (the fifth, to be (see list on next page). doping programs, are the ones based in the Indian Ocean and

(continued on page 19)

The Power of Partnerships

Because of its unique structure bringing together public and WADA, RADOs have benefited from the expertise or sports authorities, WADA is ideally positioned to facilitate financial or human support of various types of organizations: the creation of RADOs and to garner the support of these international sports federations, national anti-doping two groups for their RADOs. (Each country is represented agencies working as mentors, continental associations of on the RADO board by a member appointed jointly by National Olympic Committees (NOC), the Olympic Council the country's government and the National Olympic of Asia in particular, the Commonwealth Secretariat, the Committee.) WADA is thus active in each RADO during Supreme Council for Sport in Africa, the Conference of the the launch period, depending on the needs of each Youth and Sports Ministers of French-speaking Countries organization, and provides the necessary initial financial (CONFEJES), etc. In many cases, the RADO office and support along with its experience and expertise. an employee are generally provided or supported by the government and/or the NOC of the host country or by Nonetheless, these organizations, which are intended to one of the other aforementioned organizations. operate fully independently from WADA and which should provide economically advantageous solutions in terms of These valuable partnerships contribute not only to anti-doping programs for the participating countries lacking launching the RADOs, but also to building an important in anti-doping resources or expertise, would be unable to momentum, with the objective of turning them into exist without partnerships and contributions from other sustainable and self-sufficient organizations (without organizations. In each region, and with the support of WADA's financial support) after two years of operation.

17 play true - issue 32 - 2007 Current Regional Anti-Doping Organizations

1. AFRICA ZONE V (East Africa) 4. CENTRAL AMERICA 7. OCEANIA 10. EASTERN EUROPE AND Date Established: July 2005 Date Established: June 2004 Date Established: Mar. 2007 Date Established: Sept. 2005 Participating Countries (7): Participating Countries (6): Participating Countries (8): , Egypt, Ethiopia, , Participating Countries (8): Cook Islands, , Papua New , , Bosnia & , , Belize, Colombia, , Guinea, , , Herzegovina, Macedonia, , , , , Serbia, Participating Organizations: , , Participating Organizations . (The following South African Institute for Oceania National Olympic countries were not in Drug-Free Sport (SAIDS) Participating Organizations: Committees (ONOC) attendance at the first meeting Commonwealth Secretariat United States Anti-Doping Commonwealth Secretariat but are being invited to be part International Association of Agency (USADA) Drug Free Sport of the RADO: , Athletics Federations (IAAF) Australian Sports Anti-Doping , and Office Location: Bogota, Authority (ASADA) Montenegro.) Office Location: Nairobi, Kenya Colombia (Office donated by the International Rugby Board (IRB) (Office donated by the Kenyan Colombia Government) Office Location: Minsk, Government) Office Location: Suva, Fiji Belarus (Office donated by Milestones: Doping Control (Office donated by the Oceania the Belarus Government Milestones: Doping Control Officers trained National Olympic Committees) and NOC) Officers trained, Outreach Programs implemented, 5. CENTRAL ASIA Milestones: Doping Control 11. AFRICA ZONE IV Education Brochures developed Officers trained, Education (Central Africa) Date Established: May 2006 Material developed, Outreach 2. AFRICA ZONE VI Programs implemented Date Established: April 2007 (Southern Africa) Participating Countries (9): Afghanistan, , , 8. SOUTHEAST ASIA Participating Countries (7): Date Established: May 2006 , , , , , Congo, , , Date Established: May 2006 Democratic Republic of Congo, Participating Countries (10): , Gabon, Sao , , , Participating Countries (11): Tome and Principe , , , Participating Organizations: Brunei Darussalam, , South Africa, Swaziland, Olympic Council of Asia (OCA) , , Malaysia, Office Location: Yaoundé, , Anti-Doping , , Cameroon (Office donated by , Thailand, Timor-Lest, the Cameroon Government) Participating Organizations: Office Location: Tehran, Iran Supreme Council for Sports in (Office donated by the Iran 12. SOUTH ASIA Africa (SCSA) Zone VI Government and NOC) Participating Organizations South African Institute for Olympic Council of Asia (OCA) Date Established: May 2007 Drug-Free Sport (SAIDS) Milestones: Doping Control Australian Sports Anti-Doping Commonwealth Secretariat Officers trained Authority (ASADA) Participating Countries (5): Japan Anti-Doping Agency (JADA) , , , Office Location: Maputo, 6. GULF STATES AND , Mozambique (Office donated by Office Location: Bangkok, the Mozambique Government) Date Established: Nov. 2005 Thailand (Office donated by Participating Organizations: the Thailand Government Olympic Council of Asia (OCA) Milestones: Doping Control Participating Countries (7): and NOC) UK Sport Officers trained Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Milestones: Doping Control Office Location: Male, 3. CARIBBEAN Emirates, Yemen Officers trained Maldives (Office donated by the Maldives Government Date Established: Sept. 2005 Participating Organizations: 9. AFRICA ZONE II & III and NOC) Olympic Council of Asia (OCA) (French-speaking West Africa) Participating Countries (14): UK Sport 13. WEST ASIA , Bahamas, Date Established: Oct. 2006 , Cayman Islands, Office Location: Kuwait City, Date Established: July 2007 , , , Kuwait (Office donated by the Participating Countries (11): Montserrat, St. Kitts and Nevis, Kuwaiti Government and the , , Cape Participating Countries (4): St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Olympic Council of Asia) Verde, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, , , Palestine, . Grenadines, , Trinidad , , , ( was not in and Tobago, Turks and Caicos Milestones: Doping Control , , attendance at the first meeting Officers trained, Education but is being invited to be part Participating Organizations: Mentors trained Participating Organizations of the RADO.) Canadian Centre for Ethics in Conférence des Ministres de la Sport (CCES) Jeunesse et des Sports des Office Location: Amman, Commonwealth Secretariat États et Gouvernements ayant Jordan (Office donated by le français en partage the Jordan Government Office Location: Barbados (CONFEJES) and NOC) (Office donated by the Barbados International Association of Olympic Association) Athletics Federations (IAAF) Canadian Centre for Ethics in Milestones: Doping Control Sport (CCES) Officers trained, Outreach Programs implemented Office Location: Niamey, Niger (Office donated by the Niger Government and NOC) Regional Anti-Doping Organizations

to serve Africa Zone VII, will be would not have an anti-doping that several countries that had created by year-end). program at all.” not previously participated in the launch of the RADO in their When it comes to the creation of In many cases, according to regions now want to join it. RADOs, the underlying principle is Howman, countries do not Additional RADO projects will be simple. “All countries should have know where to start, have initiated over the coming months, anti-doping programs led by a scant resources, or need help in North Africa and in other National Anti-Doping Organization in understanding what the regions of the world, with a global or, if no such organization exists, development of an anti-doping target of having every country in by the National Olympic program entails. The supreme the world committed to the fight Committee, but we realized that objective is to ensure that all against doping by 2010 through few, in fact, had one,” observed athletes worldwide have the same a national or regional anti- Howman. “The idea is to bring possibility of being tested and doping organization. countries together through their benefit from the same anti-doping government and NOC, and to pool procedures and protocols, no For further information and financial and human resources matter their sport, their updates on the RADOs, as well in order to create an anti-doping nationality, or the country as contact details for these program on a regional basis. where tested. organizations, please consult the We were worried that, if we Anti-Doping Development section did not help to launch these WADA’s development program is of WADA’s Web site at organizations, some countries currently enjoying such success www.wada-ama.org.

19 play true - issue 3 - 2007 Mr. Liu Qi, President of the Beijing Organizing Committee for the Olympic Games (right), welcomes WADA President Richard W. Pound to Beijing in September 2007 and expresses China's commitment to combating doping and to hosting clean Olympic Games. xx

WADA President Encouraged by Chinese Progress in Fight against Doping in Sport

During his second official visit to China, from Pound expressed his encouragement after learning September 25–28, 2007, as WADA President, of the measures China has begun to implement, Richard W. Pound congratulated Chinese anti-doping such as establishing an independent national anti- and sport officials on the progress that has been doping organization, increasing human and financial achieved in the fight against doping in China since resources dedicated to the national testing program, his first visit nearly one year ago. building a new state-of-the-art laboratory, augmenting testing based on a strategy that emphasizes "smart" out-of-competition testing, and Pound was warmly received by Mr. Liu Qi, incorporating strong education programs that target President of the Beijing Organizing Committee for athletes of different ages, as well as coaches and the Olympic Games, Mr. Liu Peng, China's Sport officials, in their long-term strategy for prevention. Minister and President of the Chinese Olympic Pound noted that many of the plans outlined by the Committee, and Mr. Duan Shijie, Vice Minister Chinese hosts are already in the early phases of and Chairman of the Chinese Olympic Committee implementation, and that it will be important to learn Anti-Doping Commission, who serves on WADA's of China's success as it meets critical milestones in Foundation Board. During the two-day program, the full implementation of its programs. Pound's hosts presented the advances the country has made over the past year in heightening its Pound noted the significance of China's commitment to the fight against doping in sport. establishment of a new anti-doping agency, the only new agency created by the central government "I am very encouraged by the progress reported at a time when it is trying to limit its growth. during my meetings with China's sports and anti- He also highlighted the progressive way in which doping leaders this week," said Mr. Pound at the the fight against doping is being coordinated, conclusion of his visit to the Chinese capital. "Last involving commitment and coordination of several year we had asked certain questions and provided governmental departments including the sports several recommendations for the preparation of ministry, the food and drug administration and other doping-free Olympic Games and for improving a relevant function areas, including greater cooperation strong and efficient national anti-doping program." with provincial and regional governments.

play true - issue 3 - 2007 20 Education and Outreach

WADA Hosts Information/Education Session in India

On October 5–6, 2007, in cooperation with the depth perspective of WADA's work in Asia and Indian Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports, WADA the region's status vis-à-vis the global harmonized hosted in New Delhi an extensive program to fight against doping. inform government and sport stakeholders and other interested parties from the region about the Rob Koehler, WADA's Deputy Director of Standards importance of the fight against doping in sport and & Harmonization, led attendees through a series of stakeholders' respective responsibilities under the sessions outlining the key stakeholder responsibilities World Anti-Doping Code (Code). and processes in anti-doping, including Therapeutic Use Exemptions, athlete whereabouts information, It was also an important occasion for WADA sample collection process, results management and Director General David Howman to meet with the appeals, and how to establish a NADO. relevant sport and government officials in India to learn of the country's progress towards The program concluded with WADA Director of establishing an independent National Anti-Doping Communications Elizabeth Hunter highlighting key Organization (NADO) and independent anti- principles and best practices for communications in doping laboratory. Howman noted that India is relation to potential doping cases. A separate media an important country that has many opportunities program was hosted in conjunction to provide to prove its commitment to clean sport, including journalists from the region the opportunity to build their hosting the in 2010. knowledge about the fight against doping in sport, WADA and the Code. Several presentations were delivered during the two-day conference, including a session by WADA At the conclusion of the two-day program, Indian Director General David Howman presenting an officials agreed to step up efforts to ensure that the overview of the fight against doping in sport, the recently founded National Anti-Doping Agency is off Code and WADA's strategic initiatives and programs. to the right start, and that there will be sustained efforts at anti-doping education during upcoming regional The Director of WADA's Asia/Oceania Regional and national events. Office, Kazuhiro Hayashi, provided a more in-

WADA Director General David Howman (far right) met with relevant sport and government officials in India to learn of the country's progress towards establishing an independent National Anti-Doping Organization and independent anti-doping laboratory. Pictured are (from l-to-r): Hon. Singh Deo , Chairman, Organizing Committee for Commonwealth Games 2010 Delhi; Ratan P. Watal, Director General, Sports Authority of India ; Mike Hooper, CEO, Commonwealth Games Federation.

21 play true - issue 2 - 2007 The Code

Code Compliance: Official Report to be Released in 2008

All stakeholders should be fully monitoring, each Signatory shall cases of non-compliance to its aware of their compliance and report to WADA on its compliance stakeholders, including the reporting obligations as 2008 is with the Code every second year International Olympic Committee the first year that signatories to the and shall explain reasons for non- (IOC), who have jurisdiction to 2003 World Anti-Doping Code compliance.” impose sanctions. (Code) must publicly report their status vis-à-vis Code compliance. The Code assigns WADA the The Olympic Charter was responsibility of monitoring amended in 2003 to state that For one, compliance with the implementation of and adoption of the Code by the Code is mandatory for signatories compliance with the Code by its Olympic Movement is mandatory, of the Code, as stated in Code signatories. One way WADA and only sports that are compliant Article 23.2.1: “The Signatories achieves this is by closely can be included and remain in the shall implement applicable Code monitoring doping cases and program of the Olympic Games. provisions through policies, exercising its right of appeal to the Similarly, if a country does not statutes, rules or regulations Court of Arbitration for Sport for ratify the UNESCO International according to their authority and cases under the jurisdiction of Convention against Doping in within their relevant spheres of organizations that have Sport, it may also be subject to responsibility.” implemented the Code. WADA is sanctions from the IOC and from also required to report formally on other sports organizations, Also mandatory is stakeholder stakeholder compliance with the including losing the right to host reporting to WADA on Code Code every two years. In major games. compliance. Article 23.4.2 of the November 2008, WADA will Code states: “To facilitate make its first official report of Article 23.5.1 of the Code states: “Noncompliance with the Code by either the government or National Olympic Committee of a country may result in consequences with respect to Olympic Games, , World Championships or the Events of Major Event Organizations as determined by the ruling body for each Event.The imposition of such consequences may be appealed by the National Olympic Committee or government to CAS pursuant to Article 13.4.”

There are three steps in the compliance continuum that are required of Code signatories: acceptance, implementation and compliance. By accepting the Code, an organization agrees to

play true - issue 3 - 2007 22 Code Compliance

the principles of the Code. questionnaire consists of multiple for those countries in need of Acceptance is followed by choice questions which refer to assistance will be available soon. implementation, when an requirements and stipulations “Building National Anti-Doping organization amends its rules and within the rules adopted by the Organizations—From Basics to policies to include the mandatory anti-doping organization or Best Practice” provides the articles and principles of the International Federation and to foundation for developing Code. The signatory determines the actions taken or not taken effective, efficient national anti- how the Code is to be best by the same organizations. doping programs in every country implemented into its rules, or region worldwide. The regulations and/or policies, and This online tool will assist information presented in this these anti-doping rules must be WADA in evaluating the status guide is relevant for all countries submitted to WADA for review, in of each signatory with regards and regions, no matter the stage either English or French, in order to compliance with the Code of NADO development—whether for the rules to be pronounced in and enable WADA to provide the process of establishing a line with the Code. The final step, guidance, if needed, to achieve NADO has just begun, or there is Code compliance, means that the complete compliance. a well-established NADO amended organization rules and independently certified as already policies are actively enforced in WADA also offers a number of having met mandatory accordance with the Code. resources to assist stakeholders requirements and quality with these regulatory obligations standards—or anywhere in To facilitate the reporting (see table, below). between these two extremes. This obligation of signatories, WADA Guide will be available on the has developed an online anti- A guide to building a National “Code Compliance & Reporting” doping survey tool. The Anti-Doping Organization (NADO) section of www.wada-ama.org.

Compliance Resources Available on WADA's Web site Go to www.wada-ama.org and click on "Code Compliance & Reporting"

For International Federations: For National Olympic Committees: For National Anti-Doping Organizations (NADO): “Models of Best Practice for If there is an established National International Federations” are Anti-Doping Agency (NADO) in “Models of Best Practice for available on the WADA Web site. your country, you may use National Anti-Doping “Models of Best Practice for Organizations” are available on National Olympic Committees” the WADA Web site. located on the WADA Web site.

If there is no established NADO in your country, the responsibility of anti-doping activities reverts to your National Olympic Committee (NOC) and you would then need to draft NADO rules. Please see the “Models of Best Practice for National Anti-Doping Organizations” located on the WADA Web site.

23 play true - issue 2 - 2007 In Search of the Spirit of Sport

By Thomas H. Murray, PhD The Hastings Center, Garrison, NY USA

The struggle for the future, and Suppose someone showed up morally abhorrent, for example perhaps the soul, of sport is an to compete in the New York punishing one person and rewarding ongoing conflict. The arguments Marathon. She was properly another when they’ve done exactly pressed by the opponents of doping registered and equipped except for the same thing. Sport is constantly control have not changed much at one thing—her shoes had wheels drawing lines, but they don’t seem all in the quarter-century since I on the bottom. She was wearing to be arbitrary in quite the same began my research into the ethics roller blades. Not surprisingly, she indefensible way. of performance enhancement in covers the 26-plus miles faster permits five players to a side. Why sport. Five arguments come up than everyone using running shoes. draw the line at five? Why not four repeatedly in one variation or Does she deserve to be crowned or six? As a youth I played five-on- another. Each of them seems as the winner? Virtually everyone five, but also two-on-two, even plausible at first, but each one I’ve asked this question says no, one-on-one. Of course, the game has serious flaws. she does not. Not all means for changes along with the number of going faster in the marathon are players. But still, why five? Imagine Argument 1: equal. Some, like roller blades— that we take the skeptic’s criticism “It’s all the same” and perhaps EPO, anabolic steroids, to heart. Yes, five is an arbitrary and other drugs—undermine the place to draw the line, like every The first argument against meaning of the sport. If you agree other particular number. So we’ll doping control begins by noting that our imaginary roller blading let teams put as many players as that sport is constantly evolving marathoner has not earned the they want on the court. The elegance, in the quest for outstanding champion’s crown, then you speed, passing and grace of performance. Equipment understand that not all ways of basketball would collapse under improves—fiberglass poles improving performance are the same. the weight of massive numbers and replace wooden ones in the brute force as teams put 30, 40 or pole vault. Training, also, is Argument 2: more players on the floor. It might transformed by science. In the The line-drawing problem resemble an endless rugby scrum, end, what difference does it only on hardwood not grass. make that a cyclist’s endurance The doping skeptic may concede improves through power meters that point but insist that it’s Drawing lines is not only and interval training, or through impossible to draw a line that is permissible, it is essential for injections of EPO? Aren’t they all not hopelessly, fatally arbitrary. preserving the meaning of each just ways of going faster longer? Some varieties of arbitrariness are sport and of sport in general.

play true - issue 3 - 2007 24 Thomas Murray

“I understand the spirit of sport to be embodied not only in the Olympic Games, but in the strivings of every amateur athlete who kicks a ball, runs on country paths, or pedals up steep hills. The glory of sport is learning what we can do with the natural talents we have, perfecting them through admirable, persistent effort. Yes, I could probably ascend the four mile climb into Fahnestock Park near my home more easily if I used EPO. I could do it much more quickly on a motorbike. But where is the satisfaction in that?”

Arbitrariness is not a fatal flaw Paternalism is an essential part of they fear, their competitors are when line-drawing is necessary in good parenting (I wouldn’t allow gaining an advantage by taking this way, and when a reasonable my three-year old grandchildren drugs. Drug use by some athletes, case can be made for drawing the Tess and Cooper to play in the in other words, creates enormous line in this particular place—even street even if they wanted to. coercive pressure on other athletes if another nearby spot would have They’re too young to appreciate to also use drugs merely to keep been equally defensible. So protein the risks, I know better, and I am up. Successful doping control supplements and special diets responsible for their well-being). levels the playing field so that may fall on the acceptable side of So paternalism would support athletes can compete fairly without the line, while anabolic steroids limiting the freedom of adolescent drugs. So, even if paternalism and human growth hormone are athletes to take severe risks; but weakens as athletes become adults, prohibited. The line must be its legitimacy fades as athletes protecting athletes from the coercive drawn with great care, and there become adults. power of drugs in sport remains a will always be cases that challenge solid ethical justification for it; those cases should prompt a The second problem with the “you’ll effective doping control. thoughtful reappraisal of precisely put your eye out!” argument is that where to draw the line—but in many sports we encourage and Argument 4: difficult cases are never reasons to reward athletes for taking risks. “Resistance is futile” abandon line-drawing altogether. Alpine ski racers careen down steep slopes at 100 kilometers an Notice that I said effective doping Argument 3: hour, and road cyclists descend control—which brings up the “You’ll put your eye out!” long hills at comparable speeds. fourth objection: that, in the words A detour into paternalism They are likely to find the tender of the Borg from the television concern that they might hurt series Star Trek, “resistance is Why, though, should we draw the themselves if they take steroids futile.” Here the skeptic can note line this side of performance or EPO a tad hypocritical. that enforcing a ban on doping is enhancing drugs? The most common difficult. It is. The question for us answer is that athletes might hurt In research done at The Hastings though, given that perfection is themselves if they use steroids, Center nearly thirty years ago, and unachievable in doping control or, EPO, or other drugs. There are in the decades since, I have for that matter, any other important two problems with this argument, spoken with many elite athletes. social policy, what level of control which philosophers call “paternalism.” Overwhelmingly, they did not see is possible and worth the trouble? Roughly, paternalism is doing using performance enhancing Some components of a serious something to or for another person drugs as a glorious expression of and significant doping control in order to promote their good, but their personal liberty. Most athletes system, such as sample collection without regard to their own are merely trying to level a playing and lab protocols, have long been desires or preferences. field tilted against them because, in place. But other pieces have

25 play true - issue 3 - 2007 Thomas Murray

been weak or lacking until recent other techniques. The quest for to shrug off, even transcend, the years, among them a genuine knowledge and technique is a vital limitations of our finite, imperfect commitment from the leadership part of what it means to be human. bodies. I understand the spirit of of sport, a good measure of Why, the skeptic may ask, do we sport to be embodied not only in independence for those entrusted permit, even encourage, using the Olympic Games, but in the with doping control, and funds to science and technology to improve strivings of every amateur athlete support the research necessary to performance in many ways, who kicks a ball, runs on country keep up with—or get ahead of— but recoil when the means of paths, or pedals up steep hills. doping advocates. The creation of transforming the human athletic The glory of sport is learning what WADA and other national anti-doping body is through drugs, implants, we can do with the natural talents agencies, and the reinvigoration or—and this is more hype than we have, perfecting them through of a number of sports governing reality at the moment—genetic admirable, persistent effort. Yes, bodies give reason to hope that engineering? Some commentators I could probably ascend the four resistance, in this instance, argue that we should embrace the mile climb into Fahnestock Park may not be so futile. technologically re-manufactured near my home more easily if athlete as the apotheosis of sport. I used EPO. I could do it much Argument 5: Human ingenuity creates the more quickly on a motorbike. But Transhumanism and means, such as biosynthetic where is the satisfaction in that? the re-manufactured athlete hormones, to alter the human body; human will finds the determination Humankind could devise a The skeptic’s fifth and last to employ those means despite the transhumanist competition for argument may be the greatest dimly understood dangers that may cyber-athletes if it wished. I would challenge to the future of sport. accompany them. Therefore, not be at all surprised. But, as Olympic athletes push the human the skeptic concludes, the long as people care about human body to its limits. Sport science manufactured—literally, made- excellence, natural talents, and continues to discover new ways to by-hand—athlete is the highest the dedication and intelligence press past old boundaries through expression of the human spirit. required to perfect those talents, studies of how the body responds I believe the spirit of sport, and the to training, optimizing recovery, This, roughly, is the view of Olympics, can and should survive. biomechanical analysis and certain transhumanists who want

About Thomas Murray and the Hastings Center

Thomas H. Murray, PhD, is President of The Hastings Center (USA). Dr. Murray, chairman of WADA's Ethical Issues Review Panel, was formerly the Director of the Center for Biomedical Ethics in the School of Medicine at Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio, where he was also the Susan E. Watson Professor of Bioethics. He is a founding editor of the journal Medical Humanities Review, and is on the editorial boards of The Hastings Center Report; Human Gene Therapy; Politics and the Life Sciences; Cloning, Science, and Policy; Medscape General Medicine; Teaching Ethics; Journal of Bioethical Inquiry and the Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics. He also is a member of the International Panel of Experts of the Singapore Bioethics Advisory Committee, the Advisory Committee for the Genomics Institute at the Wadsworth Center, the Ethics Committee of the Human Genome Organization, Board of Directors of Charity Navigator, and Board of Directors of Physicians and Lawyers for National Drug Policy; a U.S. representative to the International Stem Cell Forum's Ethics Working Party; and consulting editor in bioethics to Johns Hopkins University Press. He served as President of the Society for Health and Human Values and of the American Society for Bioethics and Humanities, and has been a member of the U.S. Olympic Committee's Anti-Doping Committee as well as the NIH Director's Working Group on Oversight of Gene Therapy Research.

Author of more than 200 publications, his most recent books are The Worth of a Child, Healthcare Ethics and Human Values: An Introductory Text with Readings and Case Studies and The Cultures of Caregiving: Conflict and Common Ground among Families, Health Professionals and Policy Makers, edited with Carol Levine. He is also editor, with Maxwell J. Mehlman, of the Encyclopedia of Ethical, Legal and Policy Issues in Biotechnology.

The Hastings Center, with offices in Garrison, NY and Washington, DC (USA), is the world's first research institution devoted to bioethics. Its mission is to create and share knowledge about ethics in medicine and the life sciences. The Center's unique interdisciplinary process allows complex issues to be analyzed from different perspectives-legal, medical, biological, philosophical, economical, and even personal-in order to find common ground. www.thehastingscenter.org

play true - issue 3 - 2007 26 Up Close and Personal Outreach Builds Athlete Awareness Athlete Outreach continues to be an important In the latter half of 2007, WADA’s Athlete Outreach program for WADA in reaching out to and Program interacted with thousands of athletes and interacting with the athletes of the world. With officials in three key regions of the world: Africa, the goal of raising awareness about WADA and and Asia. Each program recruited a the anti-doping issue, Athlete Outreach is an team of international anti-doping experts to support important platform to provide information in a fun its operation and used the WADA Doping Quiz, now and engaging way at major events worldwide. translated into 16 languages, to provide anti- doping information directly to athletes and officials.

All Africa Games, Algiers, , 11–23 July 2007

The All Africa Games, one of the largest sporting events in Africa, takes place every four years. Having had great success at the 2003 Games hosted in , WADA once again prioritized this major event by taking its Athlete Outreach Program to Algiers (Algeria), where the 2007 All Africa Games were hosted, from 11 to 23 July.

With four athlete villages to contend with, WADA's Athlete Outreach Program was mobilized, changing its venue every two days in order to reach as many athletes as possible during the Games. A regional team from Africa was recruited to help deliver the program and was led by the Director of WADA's Africa Regional Office Rodney Swigelaar. The team included Silvestre Nicaningo (MOZ), Dr. Donia Koubaa (TUN), Mr. Jean Larue (SEY) and Assistant to WADA's Africa Regional Office Nathalie Bashala. Olympian and Ambassador for Fair Play Frankie Fredericks (NAM) visited the program to show his support.

27 play true - issue 3 - 2007 The WADA Athlete Outreach Model

The Athlete Outreach Model was launched in 2006 in an effort to provide stakeholders all the tools necessary to deliver their own outreach activities. The program is turn-key and available at no cost. Stakeholders that sign up to the model are provided templates for educational resources and banners, the doping quiz, co-branded with their logo, and guidance on how best to start an outreach program.

The success of the program is growing and there are currently over 25 organizations using some aspect of the program in their national or sport-specific activities. Recent Outreach model programs include:

The European Athletic Association adopted and launched the Athlete Outreach Model at the European Athletic Championships from 12–15 July, held in Debrecen ().

The International Association of Athletics Federation (IAAF) continued their partnership in delivering the Athlete Outreach Model at the Track and Field World Championships in Osaka (Japan) from 25 August until 2 September. They ran their program with the help of the Japan Anti-Doping Agency (JADA).

The International Federation (ITF) adopted the Athlete Outreach Model and used it for the first time at the US Open, held August 27–September 9 in New York City (USA). The ITF is currently planning their next activity at the Australian Open in Melbourne () in January 2008.

Pan American Games, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 13–29 July 2007

The are a continental version of the Olympic Games and include Olympic sports as well as other disciplines approved by the Pan American Sports Organization (PASO). The purpose of the Pan American Games is to provide a competition for the Americas and are always hosted one year prior to the .

Hosted in Rio de Janeiro in July 2007, the Pan American Games welcomed more than 5,500 athletes representing 42 countries, competing in more than 30 sports. This was the second time WADA's Athlete Outreach Program attended a Pan American Games, the first being in 2003 when the event was hosted in the . In Rio, WADA had a booth and information set-up in the dining room in the athlete village. A regional team of anti-doping experts was recruited to assist with delivering the message and was led by WADA's Manager of Outreach and Athlete Programs Stacy Spletzer. The team included Director of WADA's Latin American Regional Office Diego Torres Villegas, Vice President of Trinidad & Tobago Alliance for Sport & Physical Education Andre Collins (TRIN), Manager of Anti-Doping for the Vancouver Organizing Committee for the 2010 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games Karine Henrie (CAN), steroid specialist from Brazil Paulo Rodrigo da Silva (BRZ), and Assistant to WADA's Latin American Regional Office Edna Serra.

play true - issue 3 - 2007 28 Athlete Outreach

Doping Quiz Link Program

WADA’s Doping Quiz ‘Link Program’ was launched on 27 June 2007. The Link Program provides an avenue for organizations around the world to link their Web sites, for free, to WADA’s Doping Quiz, thus allowing more athletes and officials to receive this information. The Doping Quiz, now in 16 different languages, has become a cornerstone to WADA’s Outreach activities and the Link Program is a direct result of stakeholder feedback and requests.

Since June, 97 organizations from around the world have linked their organization’s Web sites to WADA’s doping quiz which has solidified the importance and impact of this multi-lingual educational tool.

World University Games (), Bangkok, Thailand, 8–18 August 2007

The Universiade is an international sporting and cultural festival organized every two years during both the summer and winter seasons. The International University Sports Federation (FISU) was formed to oversee each event, which allows opportunities for university students from around the world to compete at a high level.

In August, Bangkok welcomed over 8,000 athletes from over 135 nations, and WADA's Athlete Outreach Program was on hand to raise awareness about anti-doping. This was the second time WADA participated in the Universiade, the first being in 2001 in China.

Situated in the high-traffic athlete village, WADA's Athlete Outreach booth provided several thousand athletes with educational information and three computer stations to take part in the interactive Doping Quiz in 1 of 16 available languages. The program was met with overwhelming enthusiasm by crowds of athletes who frequently queued at the booth for several minutes to learn more about the fight against doping, and were often overheard discussing key issues with fellow teammates, trainers, coaches, and in a number of instances, their parents.

The Outreach Program, led by WADA Manager of Athlete Outreach and Athlete Programs Stacy Spletzer, was supported by Doping Control Officer Dr. Tricia Guison (PHIL), USADA Education Project Manager Betsy Liebsch (USA), ASADA Strategic Deterrence Manager Tristan Salter (AUS), Education Program Manager for Drug Free Sport NZ Andrew Sylvester (NZ), and WADA Communications Coordinator James Roach.

29 play true - issue 3 - 2007 WADA Updates

WADA Streamlines Web-based Spanish Content

WADA's Web site, published in the Agency's two official languages English and French, also has available for download much of its content translated into multiple other languages. Recognizing the large number of Spanish-speaking populations and in view of the Pan American Games hosted in July in Rio as well as the World Conference hosted in November in Madrid, WADA has aggregated its Spanish-language content and made it more visible and accessible from the WADA home page via a special Contenido en Español button. More than forty documents and multimedia resources are available in Spanish.

2008 List of Prohibited Substances and Methods

At its meeting in September, WADA's Executive WADA assumed responsibility for the List following Committee approved the List of Prohibited implementation of the World Anti-Doping Code Substances and Methods for 2008. The 2008 List (Code) and the International Standards in 2004. offers some changes compared to the 2007 List. The List is developed through a highly consultative For example, the 2008 List will include new classes year-long process, beginning with the circulation of of substances such as selective androgen receptor a draft List among more than 1,700 stakeholders modulators (SARMs), a family of nonsteroidal for comment. The comments received are molecules that has the same effect as anabolic processed by WADA's List Committee, who then steroids, and agents modifying myostatin functions presents its conclusions to the WADA Health, including but not limited to myostatin inhibitors. Medical and Research Committee, who in turn The Executive Committee also approved amending submits its final recommendations the Executive the prohibition of intravenous infusions so that Committee at the annual September meeting. The intravenous infusions are not permitted except in Executive Committee, WADA's ultimate policy- the treatment of acute medical conditions. The making body, discusses the recommendations and 2008 List was published online on 26 September makes a final decision. 2007, and will go into effect on 1 January 2008.

WADA Appoints New Education Director

WADA has promoted Rob Koehler he was involved with Spirit of as its new Education Director. Sport Foundation promoting Koehler has been an integral values of fair and ethical sport member of WADA's staff since and the drug free sport program. 2002, serving as Deputy Director He was also responsible for of Standards and Harmonization, managing doping control and has been largely responsible programs for major Games in for the advances made in Canada including the summer Rob Koehler initiating Regional Anti-Doping and winter , the Organizations around the globe. 1999 World Junior Ice Hockey a driving force in building an Championships and the 1999 Education program that is founded Rob Koehler has been working in Pan American Games in Winnipeg. in values-based learning and sharing anti-doping field for more than expertise among stakeholders. ten years. Prior to joining WADA Koehler replaces Julie Carter who he worked with the Canadian will be leaving Montreal to pursue WADA has also appointed Emiliano Anti-Doping Program (CCES). other opportunities. WADA extends Simonelli as its new Senior Manager During his tenure with the CCES, its gratitude to Carter who has been for Code Compliance.

play true - issue 3 - 2007 30 Partner Profile Biathlon and Anti-Doping By Michael Geistlinger, IBU Secretary General

Two of the worst days during the past 2006 Olympic Winter Games in Turin came for the International Biathlon Union (IBU) Executive Board and all biathlon friends when they were informed of an adverse analytical finding in the sample of one of the most brilliant female biathletes. Concerns were compounded by the police search of the accommodations and belongings of a member federation's biathletes and their team staff—due to the suspicion of possessing prohibited substances or of having applied or having been ready to apply prohibited methods.

The first impression was that the hemoglobin or hematocrit delegate for an event saw other IBU's battle against doping had values. Six to ten athletes per abnormalities in tested blood, proven rather unsuccessful and competition at World Cups and she/he informed the chairperson dissatisfying. However, upon all participating athletes at of her/his committee, who then closer inspection the opposite World Championships have been followed up the case with conclusion can also be drawn: submitted to such tests over the target testing. assuming that no sport is safe years. The IBU acquired its own from athletes, coaches and Sysmex machine and rented its In parallel the IBU, being medical doctors using prohibited own van to carry the machine well aware of the similarity substances or applying prohibited to each competition site, which of the development of doping methods, the fact that such allowed an immediate analysis technology, tried to improve persons are found can also be of the blood taken from the the effectiveness of its testing seen as proof of a successful athletes—all of them drawn by and asked the athletes to agree cooperation between the IBU, lot at World Cups—at the venue. to the use of their blood data WADA and the IOC. This system led to the immediate collected since 1994/95 for a suspension of an athlete found research project co-funded by In the winter of 1994/1995, the with elevated values. Thus on WADA and the IBU being IBU started its own blood test average, three to five athletes per called ARIETTA, short for system in addition to the regular competition season (consisting Artificial Intelligence Evoking urine testing of the top-placed of eight World Cups and a World Target Testing in Anti-Doping. athletes and of further athletes Championship) had to be The project aimed at the drawn by lot. Whereas the urine suspended from competing until development and application tests take place immediately after a re-test showed normal blood of computer software allowing a biathlon competition, the blood values. Whenever one of the computerized screening of the controls are organized prior to five members of the IBU Medical collected blood test results for the start of the competitions and Committee—all of them medical abnormalities other than focus on the search for elevated doctors—acting as medical elevated hemoglobin and

31 play true - issue 3 - 2007 hematocrit values, and the The project was successfully doping system. The responsibility definition of these abnormalities. completed by the beginning of the for results management lies with Taking into consideration that current year and will allow a new the Secretary General and the different substances and IBU target testing program— Executive Board. methods can increase the which has currently been set up oxygen-carrying capacity for the rest of the year and the The fight against doping is not an of blood and the athlete's forthcoming competition season— insignificant undertaking for a performance, and that validated to be streamlined. Taken together relatively small Olympic sports detection methods for these with what is quite an impressive federation. Irrespective of this fact, ergogenic aids are available, quantity of tests for one of the the IBU Executive Board and the project aimed to develop smaller federations, Headquarters feel fully supported an intelligent system able to the program will thus substantially by the IBU member federations show athletes’ profiles in order improve the quality of the with regard to budget and staff to detect those reflecting an IBU-WADA tests of biathletes. assignments to anti-doping, as abnormal pattern consistent well as with advising their athletes with the use of banned In the sport of biathlon in 2006, and staff on how to use the substances or methods. An a total of 254 doping controls ADAMS system and in correctly intelligent system with different were exercised by the IBU, implementing the World Anti- sections and functions was 160 by WADA, 553 by IBU Doping Code, the IBU Anti-Doping developed and tested after the member federations, and 120 Rules and all the respective hematological and performance by the IOC in the pre-games and International Standards. data of athletes belonging to games period in Turin (as far as the IBU had been entered. the IBU is aware), which makes With regard to the application the total number of 1087 for the of the ADAMS system, nearly The experience derived from sport of biathlon in the year all athletes belonging to the IBU routine application to create a 2006. In terms of the budget, Registered Testing Pool use this stable target testing program, the expenses covered by the IBU system correctly and timely. and from future studies aiming to for anti-doping measures in the The IBU is optimistic that the few evaluate and increase the sensitivity business year 2006 amounted athletes—which can be counted of the diagnostic phase will to more than €200,000. Five on one hand—who are still represent a further improvement medical doctors, 3 medical sending their whereabouts of the system. ARIETTA is assistants and one person running information outside of the deemed to be an efficient database the ADAMS system—which the ADAMS system will also soon enabling a quick evaluation and IBU joined to administrate the be convinced to change their interpretation of blood results. It whereabouts information for the respective behaviors. As a next could improve surveillance programs 30 top male and female athletes step, the IBU intends to activate and timely testing of athletes by forming the IBU Registered Testing the ADAMS system to process the international federations Pool from 2006 onwards—make TUE decisions and applications. collecting blood samples for up the IBU staff and functionaries target testing purposes. directly running the IBU anti-

play true - issue 3 - 2007 32 The Value of Teamwork Sport remains an “education on life” for Brazilian Volleyballer Marcus Vinícius Freire, as he continues to fight the “big war” between clean athletes and those who dope. Athlete Profile

Soccer (i.e. football) may be the most popular Play True: Do you believe that athletes are role models? sport practiced in Brazil, with its history of great players, large stadiums and fanatical fans, but it Marcus Vincius Freire: I think athletes and their is not the only sport this country of 185 million experiences can offer an important model for both inhabitants excels in and enjoys with great young athletes and society. It is important we use passion. Brazil also has a strong tradition for our experiences to show others that winning can the sport of , possibly originating with be accomplished without drugs or doping. Brazilians avidly enjoying the sport on their country’s famous beaches—such as those in What is your opinion about anti-doping today and where Rio de Janeiro. does it need to go in the future?

As a young boy, Marcus Vinícius Freire may have MVF: I think there is a big, big war between clean dreamed of being a soccer player like many athletes and those that dope. WADA has been an young Brazilian girls and boys, but because of the important element, making things better. It is important influence of his older brother he came to learn that those in the world work together—WADA, about volleyball. At 6’3”, his height and frame athletes, international federations, Olympic committees ultimately were better suited for volleyball than and governments—to fight the industry of doping and soccer, but it was his ability and talent that those who cheat. I think this is our strong line for now. allowed him to become part of the first generation of Brazilians to play professional indoor volleyball; Is this a war that can be won? a career that culminated in an Olympic silver medal at the Los Angeles Olympic Games. After MVF: We need to keep fighting this war. Many who the 1984 Olympic Games, Marcus went on to cheat have big money to find new ways to cheat. We play professional volleyball in Italy for three years. need to continue to increase our efforts to beat them. “I think athletes can offer an important Marcus Vinícius Freire model for both young athletes and society. 1984 Olympic Silver Medalist / Los Angeles, USA 1983 Gold Medalist Pan American Games/ Caracas, It is important we use our experiences 1982 Gold Medalist in / São Paulo, Brazil 1981 Bronze Medalist in World Cup / Japan to show others that winning can be accomplished without drugs or doping.”

“Sport offers an education on life. I played What has sport, more specifically volleyball, given you? volleyball with and against people from all over the world which has been rewarding, fun and MVF: Volleyball has taught me how to live my life. an important part of my life,” said Marcus, A team is similar to a family, it teaches good values who was forced to retire early because of a and also working together. Volleyball exemplifies back injury and hernia operation in 1990, teamwork because when one person touches the ball, at which time he made the ultimate transition if no one else touches it, the ball will hit the ground and from an active athlete to sport administrator. you will lose the point. Communication in volleyball is important since you can’t hit the ball two times in a row. Today, at 44, Freire remains actively involved I use this in my life now: with WADA, my career, and with Olympic sports. He is a television in my family. We need to work as a team. commentator for major volleyball events and has taken a key role at the Brazilian Olympic What is the most important message you would Committee (BOC). Not only does he voluntarily want to provide regarding this issue? serve as the BOC’s Director of Sport, but the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing will be the MVF: My advice is this: We need to work as a team third time he will lead the Brazilian delegation to fight against drugs and against doping in sport. as Chef de Mission. Marcus also serves as It can only be done if we work as a team. a member of WADA’s Athlete Committee.

play true - issue 3 - 2007 34 WADA Calendar

WADA Program Calendar. For the most current updates, visit www.wada-ama.org THIRD WORLD CONFERENCE ON DOPING IN SPORT The World Conference, hosted by WADA in Madrid (Spain) in cooperation with the Spanish Government's High Council for Sport, will be the third of its kind after the conference organized by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) in February 1999 in Lausanne (Switzerland) and the second held by WADA in Copenhagen (Denmark) in March 2003. Representatives of national governments, related public authorities, the Olympic Movement, other sports governing bodies, athletes and expert groups will attend the Conference. For more information, visit www.wadamadrid2007.com November 15–17, 2007. Madrid, Spain.

ANTI-DOPING PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT WADA works with stakeholders to facilitate the establishment of strong anti-doping programs in sports and regions throughout the world. The following are meetings of various development programs, including those of Regional Anti-Doping Organizations (RADOs).

November 21–24, 2007 Africa Zone II & III RADO Board Meeting Guinea December 14–17, 2007 South Asia RADO Board Meeting and Doping Control Officer Training Maldives February 8–11, 2008 West Asia RADO Board Meeting and Doping Control Officer Training Jordan February/March 2008 Africa Zone V RADO Board Meeting Egypt March 10–13, 2008 Eastern Europe RADO Board Meeting and Doping Control Officer Training TBC May 14–16, 2008 Southeast Asia RADO Board Meeting TBC

ADAMS TRAINING ADAMS (Anti-Doping Administration & Management System) is the web-based database management system that coordinates anti-doping activities worldwide. WADA hosts training sessions for stakeholders adopting the ADAMS system.

November 6–7, 2007 Trinidad February 2008 Doha, Qatar

EDUCATION ACTIVITIES WADA's Education Department works through a variety of programs to expand the reach and impact of anti-doping education worldwide. Through its various education activities, including its Traveling Seminars, WADA raises understanding about anti-doping efforts, provides general information about anti-doping in sport and offers guidance and practical tools for initiating or enhancing anti-doping education programs among WADA stakeholders.

Education Activities for Remainder of 2007 November 6, 2007 Anti-Doping Education Seminar for PAISAC Participants Montreal, Canada November 26–28, 2007 Coach's Tool Kit Training for IF Representatives Lausanne, Switzerland November 29–30, 2007 Québec Provincial Association of Teachers Annual Convention Montreal, Canada

Prospective Traveling Seminar Schedule for the First Quarter of 2008 TBC , Vanuatu, Cook Islands Oceania TBC 3 locations in Southern Africa Africa TBC Costa Rica, Honduras, Americas TBC Beijing, Chintao, Tengzu, Asia

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