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PRODUCTION and PERFORMANCE of Gaillardia CULTIVARS and ECOTYPES

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PRODUCTION and PERFORMANCE of Gaillardia CULTIVARS and ECOTYPES PRODUCTION AND PERFORMANCE OF Gaillardia CULTIVARS AND ECOTYPES By HELEN E. DANIELSON A THESIS PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2005 Copyright 2005 by HELEN E. DANIELSON This document is dedicated to every student who gave up before finishing. With a little support and dedication, anything is possible. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank my professors that have inspired and taught me throughout college, especially Dr. Sandra B. Wilson for her patience and counsel. I would also like to thank my committee members, Dr. Rick K. Schoellhorn, Dr. Jeff G. Norcini, and Dr. Debbie Miller, for their guidance and support. I also wish to express my whole-hearted gratitude to the many people at various University of Florida campuses, as well as to those outside of the University, who helped make my studies possible. I would especially like to thank Carolyn Bartuska for her tireless assistance with statistics. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................................................................................. iv LIST OF TABLES............................................................................................................ vii LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................... ix ABSTRACT....................................................................................................................... xi CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE REVIEW ....................................................1 Compost Usage in Blanket Flower Growing Medium..........................................4 Growth Regulator Use on Blanket Flower ............................................................6 Landscape Evaluations of Gaillardia Cultivars and Ecotypes..............................9 Blanket Flower Ecotype Evaluations ..................................................................11 2 CONTAINER AND FIELD-EVALUATION OF BLANKET FLOWER (Gaillardia pulchella FOUG.) PRODUCED IN COMPOST-BASED MEDIA........15 Introduction.................................................................................................................15 Abstract.......................................................................................................................16 Materials and Methods ...............................................................................................17 Plant Material and Media Composition...............................................................17 Growth and Development....................................................................................18 Statistical Analysis ..............................................................................................19 Results and Discussion ...............................................................................................19 Physical, Chemical, and Nutrient Characteristics of the Media...................19 Growth and Development ............................................................................20 Conclusions.................................................................................................................22 3 USE OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS FOR PRODUCING MORE COMPACT BLANKET FLOWER (Gaillardia pulchella FOUG.)...........................28 Introduction.................................................................................................................28 Abstract.......................................................................................................................30 Materials and Methods ...............................................................................................30 Growth Regulators...............................................................................................31 v Measurements......................................................................................................31 Statistical Design and Analysis ...........................................................................31 Results and Discussion ...............................................................................................32 Ethephon..............................................................................................................32 Uniconazole.........................................................................................................34 Conclusions.................................................................................................................36 4 EVALUATION OF Gaillardia CULTIVARS AND ECOTYPES FOR LANDSCAPE PERFORMANCE IN NORTH CENTRAL FLORIDA ....................44 Introduction.................................................................................................................44 Abstract.......................................................................................................................47 Materials and Methods ...............................................................................................47 Plant Material and Site Conditions......................................................................47 Evaluations ..........................................................................................................48 Results and Discussion ...............................................................................................49 Uniformity ...........................................................................................................49 Flowering.............................................................................................................49 Landscape Impact................................................................................................49 Conclusions.................................................................................................................50 5 GROWTH, FLOWERING, AND SURVIVAL OF BLANKET FLOWER (Gaillardia pulchella FOUG.) BASED ON SEED SOURCE AND GROWING LOCATION................................................................................................................57 Introduction.................................................................................................................57 Abstract.......................................................................................................................58 Materials and Methods ...............................................................................................59 Plant Material ......................................................................................................59 Site Conditions ....................................................................................................59 Experimental Design ...........................................................................................62 Results and Discussion ...............................................................................................62 Site Conditions ....................................................................................................62 Growth.................................................................................................................63 Vigor....................................................................................................................64 Flowering.............................................................................................................64 Quality .................................................................................................................65 Survival................................................................................................................65 Conclusions.................................................................................................................66 6 CONCLUSIONS ........................................................................................................76 LIST OF REFERENCES...................................................................................................78 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH .............................................................................................85 vi LIST OF TABLES Table page 2-1 Chemical and physical properties of compost and peat-based media......................23 2-2 Elemental contents of compost and peat-based media.............................................23 2-3 Mean plant growth, leaf color, flowering, and dry weight of blanket flower (Gaillardia pulchella) grown in peat and compost-based media for 10 weeks. ......24 3-1 Summary of preliminary plant growth regulator studies and resulting size comparisons of a cultivar and north Florida ecotype of Gaillardia pulchella. ........37 3-2 Summary of PGR applications and resulting size comparisons for Gaillardia pulchella ‘Torch’ and a north Florida ecotype.........................................................38 3-3 Growth index, size change, dry weight, compactness rating, flower number at week 3, and flower number at week 4 of Gaillardia pulchella ‘Torch’ treated with ethephon. ..........................................................................................................39 3-4 Anova table data for growth index at three weeks after initial treatment for Gaillardia pulchella ‘Torch’ treated with ethephon. ...............................................39 3-5 Anova table for flower number four weeks after initial treatment for Gaillardia pulchella ‘Torch’
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