English monthly from Hyderabad, India

Annual Subscription: Rs 800 Foreign $100 RNI Regn. No. 72452/99 September 2020

Editorial: It was a meaningful discussion by Experts, Stalwarts

Novus sets up Project Destiny, aims at becoming a leader in gut health solutions BREAKTHROUGHS IN OUR RESEARCH Poultry can become big industry in Kashmir if Govt supports it

LEAD TO RESULTS IN YOUR FEED MILL

What Does The Future Hold For Poultry Sector ? Research unveils direct link between low levels of mycotoxins and poultry performance Healthy and safe feed is essential to ensure optimum animal performance and obtaining Optimizing utilization healthy and safe food. of Fats & Oils in Novus feed hygiene solutions help improving the microbiological quality of the feed Poultry Nutrition enabling animals to utilize the full nutritional bene t of each ingredient with a lowered risk of sickness and transmission of disease.

Moving Towards Learn more about the solutions Novus is developing for your feed mill at novusint.com

'Atmanirbhar Bharat’ in Studies available upon request. ®NOVUS is a trademark of Novus International, Inc. and is registered in the United States and other countries. Poultry Meat Production ©2020 Novus International, Inc. All rights reserved. & Consumption Post COVID-19 Online Edition: www.poultryfortune.com

PF SEPTEMBER 2020 ISSUE.indd 1 15-09-2020 16:10:11 2 • POULTRY FORTUNE • September 2020

PF SEPTEMBER 2020 ISSUE.indd 2 15-09-2020 16:10:11 September 2020 • POULTRY FORTUNE • 3

PF SEPTEMBER 2020 ISSUE.indd 3 15-09-2020 16:10:12 4 • POULTRY FORTUNE • September 2020

PF SEPTEMBER 2020 ISSUE.indd 4 15-09-2020 16:10:13 Feed Additives Animal Health Product Company - MORNINGBIO

Protected Organic Acids by JMT(Joint Matrixcoating Technology)

▶ Anti-bacterial property that helps to improve gut health ▶ Enhance absorption capacity & digestibility of nutrients ▶ Reduce harmful pathogens for better performance & immunity

September 2020 • POULTRY FORTUNE • 5

PF SEPTEMBER 2020 ISSUE.indd 5 15-09-2020 16:10:13 6 • POULTRY FORTUNE • September 2020

PF SEPTEMBER 2020 ISSUE.indd 6 15-09-2020 16:10:14 Atomes India Chemicals Pvt Ltd DECONTAMINATION PPROGRAM WITH BIOXY & ENHANCE

PROBLEMATIC Efforts to control viral and bacterial diseases in animla healthcare should always be done by various efforts. Maintenance of strict management, implementation, administration of vaccines and biosecurity program are some efforts that are often done by farmers in order to eliminate Viral, Fungal and Bacterial diseases.

The world needs: (1) A safe technology, (2) Highly Efficient with no resistance, (3) certified food contact no rise, (4) can be sprayed on-birds, (5) Cost Saving, (6) Biodegradable, (7) Environment friendly, (8) non-toxic, (9) non-harsh, (10) non-corrosive, (11) non-carcinogenic. THE TECHNOLOGIES BIOXY ENHANCE BIOXY ® is a unique Patented technology, when dissolved in ENHANCE ® comes in two separate chemicals, Once mixed water, produces three active disinfectants; Percarboxylic together at a ratio 1:1 for 15 minutes, they instantly generate Acids, hydrogen peroxide and Bio-MicroPolyquats. its 30’000 ppm3 of Chlorine Dioxide Stable for at least 100 classified as col sterilant, unique in its category. hours in the dilution tank. BIOXY ® is a hard surfaces disinfectant used in animal farms, barns & Slaughterhouses. The prepared solution breaks Patented | Food grade disinfectant and odorless Food down quickly and leaves no trace in the environment, in Contact No-Rinse | Chlorine-Free disinfection High efficiency addition to having no microbial resistance. at low dosage rates, Fast acting, reduced kill time | Biodegradable Safe Non-toxic and non-harsh | Non-corrosive ® BIOXY is used between 0.2% up to 5% in Hatcheries, Eggs Non-carcinogenic | Shelf life 2 years Disinfection, Transportation, Drinking water, on birds spraying, master disinfection & Carcass decontamination

VIRUCIDAL BACTERICIDAL ULV system making it the EXISTING NOVELS most cost effective biocide in the world with the microencapsulated technology MET FUNGICIDAL SPORICIDAL X 55 NOVO BIOTIC MODULO + FORMUL A CID 2 in 1 Antibiotic 3 in 1 2 in 1 Organic Immunomodulator and Inorganic Toxin Binder Replacement Anti-Abiotic Stress Non-Foaming Acidifier Technology Energizer Pipeline Cleaner

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ATOMES INDIA CHEMICALS PVT LTD exclusive distributor in India 4E (A) Srivari Vaibhav 4th Floor, Mettupalayam Road, Kavundampalayam, Coimbatore -641030, Tamil Nadu, +91 4224974995 /+91 95009 89518 [email protected] | www.atomesindia.com

September 2020 • POULTRY FORTUNE • 7

PF SEPTEMBER 2020 ISSUE.indd 7 15-09-2020 16:10:15 8 • POULTRY FORTUNE • September 2020

PF SEPTEMBER 2020 ISSUE.indd 8 15-09-2020 16:10:16 CONTENTS ADVERTISERS’INDEX

English monthly from Hyderabad, India Editorial: A.P. Poultry Equipments 8 Annual Subscription: Rs 800 Foreign $100 RNI Regn. No. 72452/99 September 2020 11. It was a meaningful discussion by Experts, Editorial: It was a Abis Exports (India) Pvt Ltd 10 meaningful discussion by Experts, Stalwarts Stalwarts. Novus sets up Project Destiny, Alura Animal Health & Nutrition 19 & 23 aims at becoming a leader in gut health solutions News: Atomes India Chemicals Pvt Ltd 7 BREAKTHROUGHS IN OUR RESEARCH Poultry can become big 12. COVID-19 lockdowns have led to a industry in Kashmir if Govt dramatic reduction in food waste – aiding Aviagen India Poultry Breeding Co Pvt Ltd 34 & 35 supports it the fight against climate change. LEAD TO RESULTS IN YOUR FEED MILL 14. Research unveils direct link between Beijing Smile Feed Sci. & Tech. Co. Ltd 6 low levels of mycotoxins and poultry What Does The Future Hold For Boehringer Ingelheim India Pvt Ltd 17 Poultry Sector ? Research unveils direct performance. link between low levels of mycotoxins and poultry performance 16. Novus sets up Project Destiny, aims at Healthy and safe feed is essential to ensure optimum animal performance and obtaining Hindusthan Animal Care Pvt Ltd 15 Optimizing utilization healthy and safe food. of Fats & Oils in Novus feed hygiene solutions help improving the microbiological quality of the feed Poultry Nutrition enabling animals to utilize the full nutritional bene t of each ingredient with a lowered risk becoming a leader in gut health solutions. of sickness and transmission of disease. Moving Towards Learn more about the solutions Novus is developing for your feed mill at novusint.com Indovax Pvt Ltd 21 'Atmanirbhar Bharat’ in Studies available upon request. ®NOVUS is a trademark of Novus International, Inc. and is registered in the United States and other countries. 18. How local farmers handle poultry Poultry Meat Production ©2020 Novus International, Inc. All rights reserved. & Consumption Post COVID-19 Online Edition: www.poultryfortune.com infections in southern Africa.

PF SEPTEMBER 2020 ISSUE.indd 1 15-09-2020 15:34:12 Kemin Industries South Asia Pvt Ltd BC 18. Weekly protein digest: broiler and fryer prices weaken slightly. Morning Bio 5 20. With eggs hailed as 'immunity booster', poultry farmers in Andhra Pradesh see Novus Animal Nutrition (India) Pvt Ltd FC relief. Perstorp Chemicals India Pvt Ltd 27 English Monthly Magazine 22. What Does The Future Hold For The (Established in May 1991) Poultry Sector ? Provet Pharma Pvt Ltd 25 Volume 22 Number 2 September 2020 26. Biosecurity: Protecting our flocks to sustain the supply. Provimi Animal Nutrition India Pvt Ltd 4 Editor & Publisher 28.. Intestinal health in the era of NAE. Satol Chemicals 24 M. A. Nazeer 29. Weekly global poultry digest: broiler prices growing firmer. Srinivasa Farms Pvt Ltd 2 Editorial & Business Office: 30. T. Natesan Promoted as Managing POULTRY FORTUNE Director of Virbac India. Team Agrotech Pvt Ltd 39 NRS Publications, 31. HatchTech and Willmar Poultry Trouw Nutrition India Pvt Ltd 67 BG-4, Venkataramana Apartments, Innovations enter into strategic 11-4-634, A.C.Guards, distribution partnership for HatchCare Venkateshwara BV Biocorp Pvt Ltd 32 Hyderabad - 500 004, India. Turkeys. Tel: 040 - 2330 3989, 70329 19554 Venky’s (India) Pvt Ltd 66 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.poultryfortune.com Special Feature: Ventri Biologicals 3 36. Poultry can become big industry in Annual Subscription Kashmir if Govt supports it. Vibrant Remedies (I) Pvt Ltd 33 India : Rs. 800 Foreign Countries : US $ 100 Zhanjiang Hengrun Machinery Co Ltd 64 & 65 or its equivalent. Articles: Zeus Biotech Pvt Ltd 13 Poultry Fortune will be sent to the 40. Optimizing utilization of Fats & Oils in subscribers in India by Book Post, Poultry Nutrition. and to foreign subscribers by AirMail. 45. Effect of dietary acidifier on performance of Broiler Chickens. Edited, printed, published 47. NutraseXyla HS, the universal xylanase. and owned by M. A. Nazeer 48. Moving Towards 'Atmanirbhar Bharat’ in and published from BG-4, Poultry Meat Production & Consumption Venkataramana Apts., 11-4-634, Post COVID-19. A.C.Guards, Hyderabad - 500 004, 51. Bacteriophages and their applications in India. Printed at Srinivasa Printers. poultry industry. Registered with Registrar of 53. Srinivasa & Hy-Line holds First-ever India Newspapers for India with Regn. Technical School live Webinar. No. 72452 / 99. Postal Regn.No. 54. Laboratory data, its management and RNP/HD/1067/2018-2020. analysis. Views and opinions expressed in 56. The importance of exogenous enzymes in the technical and non-technical poultry production. articles/ news are of the authors 57. Technical Validation of Protease: and not of Poultry Fortune. Hence, Arrowvet Pr 400. we cannot accept any liability for 59. mg dosage can fetch millions. any loss or damage arising from 61. Heat Stress and Egg Shell Quality in the use of the information / matter Poultry. contained in this magazine. - Editor Subscriptions for Poultry Fortune, English monthly, should be sent to: NRS PUBLICATIONS The Circulation Department, Poultry Fortune, BG-4, Venkataramana Apartments, 11-4-634, A.C.Guards, www.poultryfortune.com Near Income Tax Towers, Hyderabad - 500 004, India. Email: [email protected] September 2020 • POULTRY FORTUNE • 9

PF SEPTEMBER 2020 ISSUE.indd 9 15-09-2020 16:10:16 10 • POULTRY FORTUNE • September 2020

PF SEPTEMBER 2020 ISSUE.indd 10 15-09-2020 16:10:17 From the Editor... EDITORIAL It was a meaningful discussion by Experts, Stalwarts … Kashmir needs stakeholders friendly Poultry Policy to provide more employment

Dear Readers, infected through eating chicken, increase in The September 2020 retail cost of chicken meat and reduction in issue of Poultry Fortune disposable income of people amid continuous is in your hands. lockdowns and slowdown of economy as a Post Covid-19, I found whole. good and meaningful In the Articles Section, article titled – discussion and analysis “Optimizing utilization of Fats & Oils in Poultry by some of the below Nutrition” written by Dr Sandeep Gavali and stalwarts and experts other authors highlighted that Fats and Oils from India and have been used by the poultry industry around overseas on various aspects and issues of Indian Our Mission and overseas poultry industry through their the globe as a supplemental dietary energy columns and special features in Poultry Fortune source in poultry feed to yield higher levels Poultry Fortune publication. of metabolizable energy at an economically will strive to be I appreciate Mr O. P. Singh of Huvepharma justifiable price. Hence, understanding fats/ the reliable source (Rebuilding the foundation: no more a luxury, oils and their digestion as well as absorption of information to but a necessity), Dr Ramdas Kambale of from poultry gut is a most important factor poultry industry in Vetphage Pharmaceuticals (From cold storage for optimizing the utilization of fats and India. facilities to more hygienic rearing, Poultry oils to provide higher level of metabolizable PF will give its farmers must ensure good health of their flock energy to birds. Supplementation of exogenous opinion and suggest post Covid-19), Dr Shekhar Basak of Innovista emulsifiers (more hydrophilic in nature) plays the industry what Feeding Solutions (Covid-19, An Indian major role to optimize utilization of fats and oils is needed in the Opportunity for Chicken Processing ?), All India from poultry gut. Some synthetic emulsifiers interest of the Poultry Breeders Association (Covid-19: with like GPEGR/PEGR (Glyceryl Polyethylene Glycol stakeholders of the projected loss of Rs 22,500 cr, Indian poultry Ricinoleate) are more capable than Lecithin sector seeks Centre’s intervention) and Marel industry. based emulsifiers in reducing the feed cost by Poultry from Boxmeer, The Netherlands (How PF will strive to to install Poultry Processing plants in Covid-19 their energy saving effects. times ?) and for taking their valuable time to Another article “mg dosage can fetch millions” be The Forum to focus on the respected issues of the industry. written by Dr Ram Moorthy D explained that the Stakeholders of the industry for There is a need of more such personalities from Exploring the creative options with 'time framed development and the industry to join in the discussion and do the task’ that are within our control would be the self-regulation. needful in the interest of poultry industry in assured keys for us to emerge as the winners India and overseas. with profitable poultry farming. Such ignited PF will recognize Poultry is a growing industry in Kashmir. As thinking is 'must & urgent' during current the efforts and basic requirement to take-up poultry farming pandemic situation and it's inter-related scenes, contribution is the land and shed, if government extends 'shuttling the market dynamics drastically. of individuals, support through subsidy for land, construction Another article titled “Heat Stress and Egg Shell institutions and of poultry sheds and ease of movement of chicks Quality in Poultry” written by Dr T. Prebavathy, organizations for and grown up birds, and marketing facilities the development of this industry can grow big in the state. As the highlighted that stress factor in poultry and various clinical signs and pathology of heat poultry industry in Day Old Chicks have to travel from far off states the country through like Haryana and Punjab the transport and stress in poultry, effect of heat stress on egg annual Awards traffic authorities in J&K should ensure reach shell quality, temperature and humidity index presentation. of the trucks to the destination with ease. If the in commercial poultry farms, prevention and government ensure the above infrastructure control of heat stress in poultry. Also discussed PF will strive to and facilities, this industry can provide valuable about the recommendations for minimizing maintain quality and employment and revenue to lakhs of people in heat stress in commercial poultry farms in standards at all times. the state. respect to maintain egg shell quality. You may also find news about - Moving Readers are invited to send their views and Towards “Atmanirbhar Bharat’ in Poultry Meat comments on the news, special feature and Production & Consumption Post COVID-19 Chicken meat can arguably be considered as articles published in the magazine which would be published under “Readers Column”. Time “King of all meats’ owing to its availability, TALK TO US taste and nutritive values. In India, the chicken to time, we shall try to update you on various meat consumption is steadily rising YoY and aspects of Poultry sector. Keep reading the SEND AN EMAIL: the annual consumption in FY 2019-20 was magazine regularly and update yourself. Wish [email protected] considered to be around 3.8MMT with a CAGR you all fruitful results in your efforts. Please do not send attachment. of around 6%. For the financial year 2020 - 2021, FOLLOW US: this consumption is anticipated to decrease facebook.com/ owing to numerous factors including reduction M.A.Nazeer poultryfortune,s in placements, negative social publicity, Editor & Publisher twitter.com/nrspublications prevalence of misconception of getting Covid-19 Poultry Fortune September 2020 • POULTRY FORTUNE • 11

PF SEPTEMBER 2020 ISSUE.indd 11 15-09-2020 16:10:17 NEWS

campaign called "Too good for the bin" before the COVID-19 lockdowns have led to a crisis, urging the public not dramatic reduction in food waste – to automatically throw food away after the sell-by date aiding the fight against climate change but to smell and taste it to see if it was still in good Coronavirus lockdowns have made consumers more frugal with condition. food, with many consuming leftovers and embracing home The ministry's survey, cooking. If the trend continues, experts believe it will provide a undertaken during the major boost in tackling climate change. pandemic, found that 91 percent of German According to an in-depth consumers questioned analysis from Reuters, many were now checking food consumers in the developed after its sell-by date and not world have embraced automatically throwing it thriftiness and cut down away. on food waste during the coronavirus crisis. Clint This compared to only 76 Parry, a 33-year-old model percent in a similar survey builder at Legoland in in 2016. Michigan tells Reuters that Food waste is not restricted he and his family are using to the home, but it is the virtually all of their leftovers. biggest source in many “…we used to waste food countries. because we would forget food waste," said Toine to maintain their new- The European Union to pack it and just pick up Timmermans, programme found food management has published a study fast food on a lunch break,” manager for sustainable behaviours in the long estimating that 53 percent he says. Now, he scours food chains at Wageningen term," said Richard of food waste was in his cupboards to look for University in the Swannell, Director at WRAP households and 11 percent potential ingredients for Netherlands. Global which works with in production, with the meals. Household food waste in governments to reduce balance in areas such as Experts believe that if these Britain, to take one country, food waste. processing and retailing. habits continue, it will fell significantly in the early "This is an encouraging sign provide a major boost in China's President Xi Jingping phase of the lockdown in that people are taking this tackling the global climate said this month that the April with just 14 percent crisis. opportunity to adopt less amount of food wasted of four key items - bread, wasteful habits in life after in China was "shocking", The UN Food and chicken, milk and potatoes lockdown." prompting many local Agriculture Organisation - thrown away, according to estimates that a third of the Official efforts to curb food governments to launch research by environmental waste related campaigns. world's food is wasted every group WRAP, which A survey from Germany's For Parry in Michigan, and year. Forests are cleared, conducted thousands of fuel is burnt and packaging Food and Agriculture many others, thrift is here interviews. in produced just to provide Ministry also showed to stay. Pre-lockdown, an average food which is thrown away. consumers had started to "Our food costs have of 24 percent had been Meanwhile, rotting food show more concern about definitely gone way down, wasted. in landfills releases more wasting food during the since we are not buying out greenhouse gases into the Waste had begun to coronavirus crisis. when we have perfectly atmosphere. rebound by June, with The government had consumable leftovers in the As a result, food waste a second WRAP survey launched an anti-food waste fridge at home," he said. is responsible for around putting waste of those 8 percent of global products at 18 percent, For Effective Branding & Promotion of greenhouse gas emissions, but remained significantly below pre-lockdown levels. your Products in Indian Aquaculture Sector a similar amount to road Advertise in transportation. "Although people are "The next crisis will be reporting wasting more the climate crisis and the food as restrictions lift the best thing you can do positive news is that 70 National English Monthly as a consumer is reduce percent of people want 12 • POULTRY FORTUNE • September 2020

PF SEPTEMBER 2020 ISSUE.indd 12 15-09-2020 16:10:17 September 2020 • POULTRY FORTUNE • 13

PF SEPTEMBER 2020 ISSUE.indd 13 15-09-2020 16:10:18 NEWS

AV, at low levels all year and increasing it as required, Research unveils direct link between low is likely to have significant levels of mycotoxins and poultry performance financial benefits. “As well as performance Queen’s University impact on bird health and Devenish and Queen’s and profitability, there are Belfast and Devenish have performance. The study University Belfast have a also sustainability benefits published a study to prove showed that an increase long-standing partnership in reducing mycotoxin the negative effect of low in mycotoxins led to an built around pioneering presence in a poultry flock. levels of mycotoxins on increase in Feed Conversion nutritional and technical Improvement in this area broiler chicken health and Ratio (FCR). Increased levels research. would reduce raw material performance. of mycotoxins also led to a “Devenish is proud to have input such as soya and the The three-year study, a first decrease in feed intake by once again collaborated land use change associated of its kind in this field, was the birds and a decrease with our partners at the with its use. Reduction in conducted by Oluwatobi in body weight,” said IGFS, Queen’s University FCR would also have the Kolawole at the Institute Oluwatobi Kolawaole. Belfast, to undertake potential to reduce nutrient excretion and its impact on for Global Food Security Professor Chris Elliott, this significant piece of the environment. (IGFS) at Queen’s University Institute for Global research,” added Jonny Belfast, in partnership with Food Security (IGFS) at Lester, Poultry Technical “This type of ‘precision agri technology company Queen’s University Belfast, Manager, Devenish. nutrition’ research, when Devenish. Its findings continues: “This piece of “We have calculated the applied commercially, demonstrate that even low research, in partnership impact of these mycotoxins allows our customers to levels of mycotoxins, below with Devenish, revealed on profitability. With FCR get closer to the genetic EU regulatory levels, have fascinating results that are across crops differing by up potential of their stock a direct negative impact on of crucial significance to to 14 points and each point and ultimately brings birds’ performance. poultry producers and will of FCR resulting in additional producers benefits across “Mycotoxins are chemicals undoubtedly lead to future feed costs, feeding a performance, profitability produced by fungi that collaboration to further species-specific mycotoxin and sustainability,” Lester can have serious effects extend our knowledge in binder, such as Smart Shield said. on health, performance this field. and the immune system of “Whilst regulatory levels of animals and humans if they mycotoxins set by the EU get into feed or food,” said are centred around safety, lead researcher Oluwatobi this study was centred Kolawole. around performance. “Whilst it is well known The negative impact that that mycotoxins at high mycotoxins had on bird levels negatively impact performance highlights animal health, to date it has the importance of poultry been difficult to accurately producers being aware of examine the impact of even low levels of these these at low levels. This toxins. “Therefore, they was, therefore, a long-term must consider how they feeding trial to evaluate are going to mitigate the the effect of low doses impact of even low levels of of mycotoxin mixtures mycotoxins in their animals’ on the performance of diet. broiler chickens being fed a “Importantly, the study naturally-contaminated diet. identified a specific mix of “We monitored birds over mycotoxins (DON, FBs, ZEN 18 crops and continually and DAS) that are relevant examined the level of to poultry. For that reason, mycotoxins against the we can conclude that performance of the birds. best combatting the issue “Whilst the levels of can be achieved through mycotoxins were low, the an additive specifically mixture of those present designed to target poultry throughout the study specific mycotoxins,” had a profound negative Professor Chris Elliott said. Courtesy: Cargill 14 • POULTRY FORTUNE • September 2020

PF SEPTEMBER 2020 ISSUE.indd 14 15-09-2020 16:10:19 PRODUCT LIST

MYCOTOXIN BINDERS IMMUNOMODULATORS

Free-Tox® XP Mycotoxin binder Nutracid InteStim Coated butyrate with nucleotides

Y-MOS Autolysed dried yeast cell walls

ENDOTOXIN REDUCERS

EndoBan® Endotoxin reducer WATER-SOLUBLE SUPPLEMENTS

EndoBan® FT Endotoxin + mycotoxin reducer Liquid vitamin B complex with carnitine Nuvisol Hatch & proteins

ENZYMES PHYTOGENIC PRODUCTS Nutrase® Xyla HS Endo-xylanase BroClear® Phytogenic drinking water supplement Nutrase® P Phytase PhytoStar® Phytogenic feed additive Nutrase® BXP Multi-enzyme complex

FLAVORS PIGMENTS Savoplus Colonut Natural yellow pigment

ACIDIFIERS

Nutracid Essential Coated acids/salts with essential oils

Nutracid Protecto Coated acids

Nutracid Focus Coated acids/salts

For Trade & Technical Enquires Contact Imported & Marketed in India by Dr. Amit Kumar Patra, M.V.Sc Hindusthan Animal care Pvt. Ltd. (Animal Nutrition) Technical Sales Manager SOUTH ASIA, 3/421-G, Manickapuram, Nutrex NV, Belgium. Palladam - 641 664. Tamil Nadu, India. +91 4255 251 056 / 252559 +91 987 434 0886 [email protected] [email protected] www.hindusthananimalcare.com www.nutrex.eu Gopi Sugumar +91 94433 87941

DISCLAIMER: Not all products are available in all countries, not all claims are applicable for each product, not all claims may be authorized in all countries. Representation during this event is for international marketing purposes only and does not imply availability of all products or authorisation of all claims in the country or region where the event takes place.

September 2020 • POULTRY FORTUNE • 15

PF SEPTEMBER 2020 ISSUE.indd 15 15-09-2020 16:10:19 NEWS

overall goal is to have Novus be known as the gut health Novus sets up Project Destiny, aims at expert in the industry. It will take some time to get there becoming a leader in gut health solutions but we are committed to this path. Gut health is vital, Dr Vaibhav Nagpal, CCO & VP – Asia and Mr Neeraj Kumar and we have solutions that can make a difference on Srivastava, Managing Director – South Central Asia, Novus the farm. Animal Nutrition answered questions on Project Destiny and Are there any new Gut future plans of Novus Animal Nutrition. Excerpts: Health products in pipeline? America. We consolidated We have an outstanding our services in Europe and opportunity in the HMTBa Middle East, Turkey, and molecule, which is the methionine source for our Africa to create EMEA. ALIMET® feed additive. Asiais comprised three The molecule is surprisingly sub-regions Each of the versatile and has allowed three regions has a chief Neeraj Srivastava, us to create our line of bis- Managing Director, SCA commercial officer and each chelated MINTREX® trace How will this affect the sub-region (we call them our minerals and a powerful customers? acidifier that has the added world areas) has a director Our customers should benefit of methionine, to oversee operations. experience a heightened ACTIVATE® nutritional In Asia the world areas level of service and feed acid,to name a few of are Northeast Asia, responsiveness from their our current HMTBa-based Dr Vaibhav Nagpal, headquartered at Shanghai; Novus representatives. Our products. We are certainly CCO & VP - Asia plan through this change exploring new differentiated Southeast Asia Pacific, What is Project Destiny? is to bring us closer to the products and solutions headquartered at Bangkok; Project Destiny is Novus’s customer by thinking the that we can bring to our multi-phase strategic plan and South-Central Asia, way they think. customers. aimed to establish the headquartered at Chennai. How will this affect the What is the biggest change company as “a leader in We have also established industry? management challenge gut health solutions for the strategic marketing and The industry should see a you’ve faced ? And how did sustainable production of technical teams at the renewed focus from Novus you handle it? protein through nutrition.” and that our efforts, energy, global and regional levels Change always comes What was the reason for and resources are invested with some difficulty and the restructuring? that will allow us to better in ways that establish us as a this change has been The main purpose of understand our customers’ leader in gut health through especially challenging restructuring was to needs and industry trends. nutrition. because many of the Novus develop organization We also decentralized Future goals after the employees globally are structure and capabilities to corporate functions to implementation of Project working remotely due to Destiny? Where do you see the coronavirus pandemic. establish Novus as a leader support more agility within in gut health solutions. Novus in next five years? We recognize that being We also took this as an our regional offices. Our goal as we implement physically apart can stifle opportunity to develop a Novus completed a Project Destiny is to conversations that would decentralized customer- restructuring just a few establish a more agile occur naturally in an centric organization so years ago. Why change working environment where office environment. As that wecan provide the Novus employees can such, our objective during again? regional teams (sales, execute quickly on behalf Project Destiny has been technical, marketing, etc.) As with any company, of the customer while also to be transparent with our with more autonomy to we believe in continuous being held accountable employees about our goals make decisions close to the improvement and adapting for their own professional and how we aim to achieve customers. success. By empowering to our customers’ needs. them as well as have regular Explain Strategic/tactical/ our employees, we structured communications Corporate or organizational operational Level Changes? allow them to create so that they can understand The first step was creating structures that may have better relationships with the context and what is our new Executive fit several years ago may customers who come to coming. Leadership Team, which was not be effective in today’s value our expertise and view A very positive aspect established in April. From environment, and we want us as a trusted partner. of Project Destiny is We are learning from our there we reorganized our to provide our employees that it has provided a teams into three regions – successes over the last 29 with a structure that allows great opportunity to Americas, EMEA and ASIA. years to create a clear and professionally advance/ Americas is comprised of them to succeed and serve recognizable Novus brand elevate some exceptional two sub-regions – North and our customers to their within the global animal employees into new and Central America, andSouth utmost capability. agriculture industry. Our more complex roles. 16 • POULTRY FORTUNE • September 2020

PF SEPTEMBER 2020 ISSUE.indd 16 15-09-2020 16:10:19 September 2020 • POULTRY FORTUNE • 17

PF SEPTEMBER 2020 ISSUE.indd 17 15-09-2020 16:10:19 NEWS

access to vertenary services of digital information as How local farmers and these are mostly in the most farmers fail to make urban settings. It means use of information already that the majority of farmers available. handle poultry infections approach animal diseases in southern Africa on trial and error basis,” he The poultry industry is said. among the biggest and Bwami Gausi claims to Tete, Mozambique Joseph He added that the challenge most promising emerging have lost 1,500 chickens Tishinga manages about becomes worse due to high economic sectors in within a year due to a 2,000 broilers. He has been illiteracy and low uptake southern Africa. strange illness of which in business for about three he had no ideas regarding years and supplies chickens possible treatment. The to hotels and restaurants in development meant that the city. Contrary to Gausi, he lost about $ 7,500 of Tishinga plies the business Weekly protein digest: potential revenue. Gausi is in an urban setting where a Malawian farmer based in there are a lot of vertenary broiler and fryer prices the central region district of service professionals. weaken slightly Ntcheu. Tishinga claims that the service is costly to most up US Broiler/Fryer Market at- heavy. Weights are mixed, and coming farmers. “This a-Glance but mostly desirable. gives established hatcheries USDA issued the following USDA National Chicken and farms a higher leverage report on the US poultry report over us. If you compromise market. on the health of your birds, Retailer featuring of poultry then you have lost it all,” he Whole broiler/fryer prices declining At his base operation are says. are trending steady to weak Incentives to purchase for all sizes. Offerings of all about 500 chickens and He said the development US chicken have dropped sizes are light to moderate 200 ducks, both of African makes local farmers go by half, along with the in the Central region, breeds. At this level, Gausi for cheaper options such feature rate and activity moderate to heavy in all attracts a lot of admirers as herbal concoctions and index suffering a decline as other regions. Retail and and his place is never short liquor. well, USDA said in its latest of visitors interested in food service demand is light National Chicken report. The story is different for learning from him. to moderate for current Prices for whole birds are on Dwyne Knight, an upscale trade needs. Processing “I have lost about 1,500 farmer with an established the rise with the exception schedules remain normal to of bagged roasters. In the birds due to Newcastle and hatchery and farm in reduced. other strange illnesses” he Lichinga, Mozambique. white meat section, regular says. He explains he could Floor stocks are sufficient. pack options for B/S breasts, “Here where I am I don’t only identify Newcastle Market activity is slow to tenders, and split breasts have any diseases issues. I because it has happened moderate. In the parts are the better price options rest my sheds for 3 weeks often in the area over the structure, prices are during this week’s ad cycle. and clean with high pressure last decade. “For the other trending steady to weak Most dark meat items are illnesses, I could only see for dark meat items and selling at steady to higher swollen and watery eyes boneless skinless breasts. prices, but tray pack leg mostly” he continued. Wings and tenders are quarters, legs, and value steady to firm with some pack B/S thighs are breaking Asked on how he dealt with premiums noted, and the mould by selling at the “strange” illnesses, the the balance of parts are prices more favourable to farmer said it was all about steady. Supplies of tenders the buyer. guessing. “I have used and wings are clearing nthula (wild berries) and All frozen items are still satisfactorily. Dark meat available and buyers can phulusa (wood ash) to no washer and disinfectant. I cuts and boneless skinless avail." appreciate reduced prices do not allow any vehicles in breasts are moderate to on party wings, B/S breasts, He says, however, my chicken areas,” he said. heavy with jumbo size and tenders. The kitchen similar concoctions have He says he tries to keep breasts and leg quarters decided to cut back on worked before in dealing minimal external influences in the weakest position. promotional activity, but with Newcastle disease in his farm. The remainder of parts are items are still present and previously. He attributes A vertenary expert, Hastings mostly moderate. are posting at lower prices. his ordeal to the scarcity of Chongolo, admits that there Market activity for parts Specialty and organic items vertenary extension services a lot of gaps in Vertenary is slow to moderate. In remain visible, but ease off in the country. extension services. “Less production areas, live from last week’s activity Across the border, in than 20% of farmers have supplies are moderate to levels. 18 • POULTRY FORTUNE • September 2020

PF SEPTEMBER 2020 ISSUE.indd 18 15-09-2020 16:10:19 September 2020 • POULTRY FORTUNE • 19

PF SEPTEMBER 2020 ISSUE.indd 19 15-09-2020 16:10:20 NEWS

Reddy explained. Though the farmers With eggs hailed as 'immunity booster', expected to see the price of an egg cross Rs 5 poultry farmers in Andhra Pradesh see relief considering the increasing Promotion of eggs as a rich source of nutrition and an immunity demand, the uncertain booster is helping COVID-hit farms recover faster. market due to increasing number of COVID cases and Vijayawada: Poultry farmers the consumers’ reluctance in Andhra Pradesh, who to go to the market out of suffered heavy losses due to fear, saw the price standing the COVID-19 crisis, are now below Rs 5. hoping for revival of their One more important factor fortune as eggs are being that helped the poultry promoted as a rich source farmers since July was of nutrition and one of the the government doubled best immunity boosters. the supply of eggs to the COVID-19 crisis, that started schoolchildren, though in March this year, has schools were closed. The become the last straw that eggs along with other food broke the back of the camel exports are to three States recommendation of the material is being sent to the for the poultry sector, which — West Bengal, Odisha and Indian Council of Medical homes of schoolchildren. has been facing slump due Assam — with West Bengal Research (ICMR) and other From September, with the to steep increase in the alone accounting for 75 per health organisations that launch of the Sampoorna prices of feed, especially cent of the exports," said egg is an immunity booster, Poshana scheme, under maize and soybean. The K Sateesh Reddy, market the situation has started which eggs will be supplied number of birds in the surveyor of East Godavari making a turnaround. to pregnant women, poultry farms in the State Zone, NECC. During May, the price of egg lactating women and has reduced to around three COVID-19 induced lockdown fluctuated between Rs 2.70 children in the 3-6 age crore from five crore and had hit the egg exports and Rs 3.20 per piece and in group, poultry farmers several people have left the from the State, due to June it improved marginally expect that the situation business. transportation problems. and from July 15 onwards, will improve further. Though there was "Nearly 30 per cent of the with increasing demand and "Local market situation has exemption to essential birds were either sold or decreased production, the improved and the export culled, unable to bear the commodities, closed price of the egg increased markets and reluctance of market too is expected to losses during the initial and today it is around Rs be improved in the coming phases of the lockdown, transporters hit the egg 4.30 per piece. exports. days. Feed costs have when the adverse rumours "Apart from awareness stabilised and if the present hit the poultry farms hard "Today, we are witnessing among people, reduction in situation continues for and chicken was sold out improvement in market at throwaway prices. Even condition, which can be the cost of egg fell down to attributed to two factors — Rs 1-1.5 from Rs 4.5 to Rs 5 increasing awareness that per piece. Several poultry eggs are a rich source of farmers were ready to give nutrition that can improve up at that point," said KV immunity levels, which Mukunada Reddy, chairman increased its demand, of NECC (National Egg and second factor being Coordination Committee), stabilisation of poultry feed East Godavari. price," P Subba Reddy, East Godavari district along general secretary of Andhra with West Godavari and Pradesh Poultry Federation, Krishna has major share in told TNIE. egg production of the State, Before lockdown, the followed by Visakhapatnam, cost of the egg fluctuated two other north coastal between Rs 4 to Rs 5 per districts and Rayalaseema egg and during lockdown, districts. it drastically fell and at one As the domestic point hit the bottom low the price and subsequent another 7-8 months, losses consumption of egg in the of nearly Rs 1 per piece. stabilisation of feed price of poultry farmers will be State is between 25-30 per However, after extensive also helped the farmers. at manageable levels and cent only, poultry farmers awareness campaigns Feed price, which increased thereafter we can expect are depending more on by the poultry sector, from Rs 17 to Rs 27 per kg, the revival of fortunes," said exports. "Majority of the government and the has reduced again," Subba KV Mukunada Reddy. 20 • POULTRY FORTUNE • September 2020

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PF SEPTEMBER 2020 ISSUE.indd 21 15-09-2020 16:10:21 NEWS

into a brand-driven processed meat market What Does The Future Hold For The could gain a lot from this Poultry Sector ? trend. However, there are a for poultry meat and the number of challenges that improved organization has need to be addressed if made India the third largest we want the industry to producer of eggs and the flourish. fifth largest producer of Challenges broilers. 1. Transportation: The benefits of processed meat Over 60 percent of broiler birds and eggs A mature processed meat are produced in six major market will be beneficial to states. Birds are usually producers and customers transported alive in alike. Processing technology will increase the shelf life of unhygienic and inhumane all meat products, which will conditions resulting in mortality during Rajesh Babu, Owner of Krishna Farms make it easier for farmers transport. Lack of dry India is gradually and are not associated to absorb any shocks due to the improved control processing and proper experiencing an increase with any religious taboos. cold chain facilities in urbanization and Although consumption over the inventory. Also, the make transportation of increasingly disposable levels are rising, per capita fact that the product can good poultry produce a incomes. Reflecting the consumption of meat is still be stored will shield them logistical challenge. drift to an increasingly 4.4 kg per annum against urban lifestyle, the 10 the ICMR recommended major cities in the country 10.5 kg per annum. The account for over 60 per capita consumption percent of all poultry meat of eggs is 68 eggs per consumption. There has annum against the ICMR also been a gradual shift recommended 180 eggs per in eating habits, with the annum. Food processing is well-informed younger expected to become one generation increasingly of India’s major industries adopting non-vegetarian in the coming years. The diets. production chain is rapidly evolving with increased production and processing, better storage facilities, from unexpected crashes in 2. Licensing and Regulatory and evolving preferences. prices. control At present, only 10 percent With social distancing There is no regulatory of the agricultural produce being the new normal for authority ensuring is processed, resulting foreseeable future, and the quality standards in in a lot of wastage. The need for hygienically stored farms, processing government plans to meat which is not touched and transportation in triple the sector’s capacity by hand is going to go up. the domestic market. and has also committed Customers are going to Licensing is done on the investments of 6000 crore educate themselves and municipality level, and Dr Ramdas Kambale, Director - rupees in mega food parks start looking for traceability, they lack the knowledge Sales APAC and Board Member, t, and fresh and hygienic Vetphage Pharmaceuticals across the country. The and expertise to enforce production is becoming meat. Processed meat is unified quality standards. the logical answer to all Demographic changes more integrated in the 3. Multidrug resistant the above demands, and happen to favor both broiler sector. Meanwhile, pathogens broiler and egg industries 85 percent of all egg it will allow producers to The rampant use of as proteins derived from production is accounted adhere to the strict quality antibiotics to treat poultry are more affordable for by commercial farms. requirements. Players who The increasing demand can integrate themselves infections and promote 22 • POULTRY FORTUNE • September 2020

PF SEPTEMBER 2020 ISSUE.indd 22 15-09-2020 16:10:23 September 2020 • POULTRY FORTUNE • 23

PF SEPTEMBER 2020 ISSUE.indd 23 15-09-2020 16:10:23 NEWS

growth has led to supplies to the markets. conferences are allowed Meanwhile, the periodic the rise of multidrug- The loss of two sales to take place again. outbreaks of avian influenza resistant pathogens. broiler cycles proved Although restrictions are led to the recirculation of The industry must shift to be costly for small- being eased in a phased false claims that chickens to bacteriophages and time poultry farmers. manner, new hotspots are potential carriers of enzybiotics to minimize The bigger producers continue to emerge coronavirus. However, the losses and increase were able to tide due to which various temporary obstacles aside, productivity. Once through tough times local governments are the situation is expected to these areas are properly by channeling their re-imposing mobility. stabilize soon. addressed, it might sales into processed improve the outlook for meat and other value- the sector. added products. For 4. Current Crisis poultry producers Although an increase in who sell products to consumer demand was the restaurant, hotel able to restore poultry and catering sector, products’ prices, the the current situation is lockdown had already quite challenging. These affected the poultry outlets accounted for farmers in several ways. 40 percent of total sales As soon as the lockdown before the pandemic and commenced, the sales a lot of them still remain started to plummet. It closed despite easing of also led to disruption restrictions. Full recovery in transportation, of the sector is not which prevented the going to happen till large movements of poultry public gatherings like Courtesy: Vencobb products and other parties, weddings, and REQUIREMENT * For Poultry / Hatchery Chemicals Position - Manager Marketing for All India Energetic minimum 5 years experience Please Share CV on [email protected]

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24 • POULTRY FORTUNE • September 2020

PF SEPTEMBER 2020 ISSUE.indd 24 15-09-2020 16:10:24 September 2020 • POULTRY FORTUNE • 25

PF SEPTEMBER 2020 ISSUE.indd 25 15-09-2020 16:10:24 NEWS

efficient, we pioneered the use of an electronic health Biosecurity: Protecting our flocks to certification system for day- old poultry in coordination sustain the supply with the United States Department of Agriculture Safeguarding animal of the Department for grandparent, grandparent (USDA). Cobb served as health is of paramount Environment, Food and production facilities, and the first company to pilot importance to any country’s Rural Affairs (DEFRA in hatcheries strategically this model in Canada and economy and food supply. the UK); the Food and located around the globe. Guatemala. Since then, the Livestock with a clean Consumer Product Safety We utilize a network of program has expanded health status is an important Authority (Netherlands); more than 60 distributors to include most countries requirement for a country and the National Poultry to ship our products. around the world and uses Health Program of the Furthermore, we have to participate in global partial to fully electronic protein markets. There are Ministry of Agriculture, compartmentalized our processing. a number of emerging and operations in Brazil, the reemerging animal diseases UK, and the USA following There has been increased of concern that may affect the guidelines by the recognition of the the adequacy of the food World Organization for importance of strict supply for a growing world Animal Health (OIE). These biosecurity practices, population and have huge measures help ensure the and we encourage every implications for global security and availability of producer to focus on trade and commerce. our products in the event building and sustaining a Unfortunately, zoonotic of disease, outbreaks, and biosecurity culture. Training diseases including avian other possible interruptions farm and hatchery team influenza keep reemerging Continuous monitoring and to our supply chain members is a fundamental in some specific areas of testing of our flocks are key provided there is a bilateral part of building the the world, causing high parts of our biosecurity program agreement in which the biosecurity culture as morbidity and mortality and protecting our supply chain. receiving country recognizes workers are known to be in poultry. In some cases, the certified compartments the most common source of outbreaks of zoonotic Livestock and Supply (PNSA in the exporting country. disease transmission. Chick disease can impact the of MAPA in Brazil). These Strict biosecurity programs delivery drivers also adhere supply chain and ultimately organizations conduct are a foundation of our to our biosecurity protocols, reduce the availability of regular auditing and risk management strategy. allowing the delivery of food to consumers. monitoring of the health Our biosecurity protocols products to customers Some industries more than programs of our breeding exceed the requirements in our domestic markets others still face challenges operations. of most government without the concern of with diseases including Regular testing is a key programs, so importing disease. There is also a Newcastle disease (ND), to a biosecurity program officials have a high zero-tolerance policy in infectious bursal disease that has protected our degree of confidence in place for all team members (IBD), infectious bronchitis supply chain from disease our products. Exceptional to prevent direct contact (IBV), and infectious outbreaks for decades. biosecurity allows us to or interaction with poultry laryngotracheitis (ILT). A prime example is our distribute breeding stock outside the production In addition to the costs participation in the avian to more than 120 countries. facility. This is by far one borne directly by protein influenza clean program You can learn more about of the most important producers, additional of the National Poultry our biosecurity programs at principles of biosecurity, https://www.cobb-vantress. costs are incurred on a Improvement Plan (NPIP). according to The Poultry We are certified as Avian com/en_US/biosecurity/na/ global level when there is a Site, 19 August 2020. disruption in international Influenza Clean in this english/. In this integrated and availability of poultry meat, national plan, and all An important part of the eggs, and / or chicks. flocks are tested for avian supply chain is the export dependent world, a strict At Cobb, we are committed influenza every 3 weeks. process. Careful planning biosecurity program is to producing and providing As a certified participant, and documentation are integral to preventing a safe and secure supply this program allows Cobb fundamental to deliver economic and supply chain of poultry breeding stock to meet the avian influenza a quality product to disasters arising from to our customers around import requirements for international customers livestock disease. Upon the world. Components of the majority of our trading without delays. Our team realizing the dangers and our biosecurity programs partners. of export specialists follows risks of poultry diseases have been certified by As a global company that strict biosecurity protocols in commercial poultry independent agencies produces genetic stock and works carefully to meet production systems, including the National for customers around the the unique requirements producers have worked to Poultry Improvement Plan world, we work hard to of each country, including understand the cost-benefit (NPIP under auspices of prevent interruptions to special paperwork and/or ratio of implementing and the USDA in the USA); the our supply chain. Cobb additional testing. To make maintaining an effective Poultry Health Scheme has pedigree, great- the export process more biosecurity program. 26 • POULTRY FORTUNE • September 2020

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September 2020 • POULTRY FORTUNE • 27

PF SEPTEMBER 2020 ISSUE.indd 27 15-09-2020 16:10:24 NEWS

Campylobacter. This is often called competitive exclusion Intestinal health in the era of NAE but what it really means is that the good bugs, for the The vital role the mucosa. This extra mucin temperatures are critical most part, fight off the bad is then used by bacteria gastrointestinal tract (GIT) to chick quality at hatch. bugs. plays in nutrient absorption to irritate the mucosa and Suboptimal incubation and the immune response generate inflammatory tends to increase the Fight the problem, not the is probably much more reactions. hatch window by causing consequences complex and dynamic than Good drinking water some chicks to hatch There are many times when most of us realize. We quality is likewise critically either too early or too late. we get the cart before the do know, however, that important for NAE flocks. This results in problems horse when it comes to maintaining good intestinal Much of my extension work with development of the intestinal health. When we health and minimizing today is focused on well lymphoid tissue associated have an intestinal health intestinal disruptions are water quality for poultry with the intestines. issue such as coccidiosis or necrotic enteritis, we tend critical to growth, to the farms growing NAE birds. Gut disease health and welfare of birds to focus on controlling The mineral concentration, I often see multiple issues at and to the food safety intestinal disease. This is bacterial load and pH of the same time on farms with aspects of modern-day the water needs to be understandable because we NAE flocks when intestinal see coccidiosis or necrotic poultry production. monitored. Water hardness, health is compromised by enteritis and realize we have This is especially true alkalinity and a high pH can coccidiosis and necrotic a problem. for no antibiotics ever disturb crop pH and reduce enteritis. Irritated intestinal However, while coccidiosis (NAE) production the early phase of digestion, linings often result in loose and necrotic enteritis are systems. If digestion bacteria can cause disease droppings and excess feed certainly a problem, they are and nutrient absorption and threaten flock health, passage, in turn leading not the problem. The real are compromised, an while a low pH can irritate to wet floors. Excess feed overgrowth of intestinal the intestinal lining. problem is often an excess passage results in a poor of nutrients that caused a microbes can occur that, Water quality is not growth rate and high feed proliferation of microbes, in turn, affect bird health only important for good conversion ratios. Wet leading to coccidiosis and and performance. Although digestion, it can minimize floors can lead to increased necrotic enteritis. poultry companies with microbial proliferation in ammonia levels and eye NAE flocks are turning to water lines, nipples and irritations, increased In the past, small amounts antibiotic alternatives to drinker systems. Failure footpad issues and poor of antibiotic reduced the number and diversity promote good gut health to monitor and ensure paw quality. — pre-and probiotics, of certain microbes and water quality on the farm For intestinal health to be essential oils, enzymes, etc. created enteric conditions can be detrimental to maintained in today’s NAE — a properly functioning with fewer bad bacteria. As intestinal health and bird era, coccidiosis and necrotic GIT is essential to achieve a result, intestinal health performance. enteritis must be controlled. positive results with dietary issues were better held in Breeder health In NAE programs that do manipulations. check. Today, antibiotics Something that I think too not allow anticoccidal (for the most part) are gone Feed and water often gets overlooked in medications, this is done and microbes are better One of the most basic an NAE program is the key mainly with coccidiosis able to proliferate and tenets for maintaining good role that breeder health, vaccines and improved litter cause problems. However, intestinal health in NAE nutrition and welfare plays management. microbes have always been flocks is good quality feed in producing a healthy In addition, within the here and will continue to be and water. In fact, feed and broiler chick. Feed and GIT, there are numerous here. water quality need to be water quality for breeders interactions taking place Our first concern should be superior. are just as important as between the bird’s intestinal addressing the reduction I advise producers with they are for broilers. Loose cells, bacterial cells within in digestion or the excess NAE flocks to make sure droppings and wet litter the intestines and feed in undigested nutrients they have quality feed and are just as bad in a breeder components. Hopefully, the in the GIT that is allowing to make sure they never house as they are in a broiler bacterial population forms the microbes to upset the run out of feed. It takes house. a protective lining over the intestinal equilibrium. Why only a few hours without Eggs going to the hatchery gut wall, thus restricting is this happening and how feed for the gut mucosa to must be CLEAN to limit or preventing growth of do we fix it? shift, making birds more the bacterial load entering pathogenic bacteria such Balancing act susceptible to enteritis. the hatchery. Hatcheries as Clostridium perfringens Intestinal health relies Feed withdrawal stimulates must also be CLEAN if they (the troublemaker on maintaining a balance mucin production by are going to hatch quality responsible for necrotic between the host, the goblet cells in the intestinal baby chicks. Incubation enteritis), Salmonella and microbes, Contd on Page 29 28 • POULTRY FORTUNE • September 2020

PF SEPTEMBER 2020 ISSUE.indd 28 15-09-2020 16:10:25 NEWS

got infected, said a China Secretary Steven Mnuchin Weekly global poultry official at a Brazilian meat to discuss the trade deal exporter. Most scientists reached in January. Central digest: broiler prices continue to say it is unlikely bank governor Yi Gang the virus causing COVID-19 said Wall Street trading growing firmer can spread from frozen firm will be allowed to food. have exclusively owned US broiler market at a ago. Average hatchability China will honour Phase brokerage operations in glance for chicks hatched during 1 trade deal, central bank China. China’s promised the week in the US was Whole broiler / fryer prices chief says purchases of US farm are trending steady to firm 82.4 percent. Average Vice-Premier Liu He products have picked for all sizes, said USDA in hatchability is calculated is expected to hold a up significantly in recent its latest weekly poultry by dividing chicks hatched weeks, but are still far off report. Offerings of all sizes during the week by eggs set video conference on 15 are light to moderate for three weeks earlier. August with US Trade the pace needed to tally $ current trade needs. Retail Representative Bob 36.5 billion during the first and food service demand Lighthizer and Treasury year of the accord. remain light to moderate for beginning of the month Intestinal health in the era of NAE Contn from Page 28 business. Processing the intestinal environment variety of factors that can schedules are normal to and dietary compounds. affect intestinal health. reduced with a limited When intestinal health Besides feed and water, amount of plants running Broiler growers in the is optimal, we see near hatchery conditions and United States weekly Saturday shifts. Floor stocks complete digestion of the egg pack cleanliness, they program placed 187 million are adequate. Market feed and absorption of feed include farm management, chicks for meat production activity is slow to moderate. nutrients. When intestinal the housing environment as during the week ending 1 In the parts structure, prices health is suboptimal, well as biosecurity on both are trending steady to August 2020, down slightly malabsorption and a gut breeder and broiler farms. firm for boneless skinless from a year ago. Cumulative imbalance are likely because We must improve in all of breasts, firm for tenders, placements from the week of incomplete digestion. these areas if we expect and steady for dark meat ending 4 January 2020 This can result in an to have successful NAE items and wings. Supplies through 1 August 2020 for overgrowth in the microbial programs in the future. of tenders are balanced the United States were population and a shift away Compared to just 3 to 5 to instances tight with 5.77 billion. Cumulative from beneficial bacteria. years ago, we have a much premiums noted. Boneless placements were down So now, the bad bugs are better understanding skinless breasts are light to slightly from the same fighting off the good bugs. that any negative impact moderate, and dark meat period a year earlier. When I necropsy birds, I on gut health — disease cuts are moderate to heavy. China officials detect pay special attention to related or not — negatively Wings are irregular, with COVID-19 on chicken wings the GIT both inside and affects performance and smaller sizes in the longest from Brazil outside. Even if the problem welfare. Poultry companies is a respiratory issue or an are learning to overcome position, and all other parts Officials in the southern Escherichia coli infection challenges associated with are moderate. Market Chinese city of Shenzen and not an actual intestinal NAE production by refining activity for parts is slow to said a sample of frozen health issue, I still closely their nutritional programs, moderate. In production chicken wings imported areas, live supplies are examine the GIT. I look at adopting the latest from Brazil has tested the crop, the proventriculus moderate to heavy. Weights technologies and by altering positive for COVID-19. The and the gizzard. In the animal husbandry practices. are mixed, but mostly virus was detected from a intestinal tract, I’m looking Converting from desirable to light. surface sample from the for signs of coccidiosis conventional to NAE In the latest USDA broiler chicken wings as part of and necrotic enteritis. production can be done hatchery report, broiler- routine screenings that have I’m looking to see if the although it comes with type eggs set in the US been underway since June. intestinal walls are thin. reduced efficiency and were down 2 percent in Shenzhen health authorities I look for worms. I check increased production costs. the latest weekly hatchery said everyone who may the viscosity of intestinal Sustaining NAE production report. Weekly programmes have come in contact with contents, the ceca and the is also possible — but it’s set 230 million eggs in the contaminated food color of the intestine itself. going to largely depend on incubators during the week product has tested negative Anything out of the ordinary how well we understand ending 1 August 2020, for the virus. It is hard to tell is a red flag. and manage intestinal down 2 percent from a year where the frozen chicken Obviously, there are a wide health. September 2020 • POULTRY FORTUNE • 29

PF SEPTEMBER 2020 ISSUE.indd 29 15-09-2020 16:10:25 NEWS

T. Natesan Promoted as Managing Director of Virbac India

and internal selection process, in the year 2008 1 Year (12 issues): Rs 800 2 Year (24 issues): Rs 1500 he was promoted as Sr. Regional Business Manager 3 Year (36 issues): Rs 2100 5 Year (60 issues): Rs 3500 based at Coimbatore. Please add GST 5% to the above mentioned rates. After 20 successful years in Virbac India, from Business Officer to Sr. Regional Business Manager, Mr Mumbai: Mr T. Natesan Natesan was promoted is now promoted as the as General Manager of Managing Director of Virbac Virbac Vietnam in January Animal Health India Pvt Ltd. 2011, and subsequently Mr Satish Pasrija the leader as Asia Regional Director who has vision, courage, since January 2018. During humility and a brilliant these nine years, he strategic mind to plan has been instrumental and catalyze cooperation in transforming Virbac amongst all team members organisation in Vietnam, for perfect execution, was and has made significant retired as the Managing contributions in establishing Director of Virbac India on or supporting new and 30 June 2020. successful business models Natesan joined erstwhile in Asia. GlaxoSmithKline To continue the successful Pharmaceuticals Ltd in May journey of Virbac India, in 1990 as Business Officer these times of significant based at Coimbatore. He changes, both in the market was promoted as Area and in our organisation, Sales Executive in the Mr T. Natesan was year 1993 and Area Sales elevated from Bangkok Manager in 1997 based at Regional Office to Mumbai Coimbatore. In July 1999, he Office, as Virbac India’s was promoted as Regional Joint Managing Director Business Manager based at effective April 01, 2020 Bangalore to take care of and consequently he took the states of Tamil Nadu, the charge as a Managing Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh Director effective 1st July and Kerala. During his 2020, informed a note from tenure under his leadership, the company. the region was qualified twice for All India Best He brings with his overall Region Award. 33 years of core Animal Health Industry experience Excellent management with working in India and practices South East Asia, Taiwan and Natesan established Korea on different business excellent sales management models with successful practices and under him, transformation of the he developed various business and experience managers who are currently of working with different heading the regions people, culture, market successfully. dynamics and different Based on the performance challenges. 30 • POULTRY FORTUNE • September 2020

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on creating innovative HatchTech and Willmar Poultry Innovations products and service solutions to operations enter into strategic distribution partnership always striving to improve. They understand that for HatchCare Turkeys business as usual is never good enough, and are September 2020, The Joost ter Heerdt, that they develop a close committed to leverage their Netherlands: HatchTech, Commercial Director collaboration between their expertise and scientific a leading manufacturer of of HatchTech, sees this respective teams, including discovery methodology for incubation equipment, and partnership as a positive sales support, coaching, the advancement of the Willmar Poultry Innovations move for both companies: product modifications, industry. (Willmar), a world-leading “We’re excited at the updates, and training. About HatchTech: innovator of turkey-related prospect of HatchCare “There is a lot of similarity products and operations, entering the turkey market between our companies. are collaborating on through this agreement Innovation based on substantial research and with Willmar. Their Turkey scientific research is one of development efforts to knowhow and our expertise our key pillars and it’s great apply market-leading with fresh water and feed to work with a company chicken HatchCare products for early birds will make such as HatchTech that has a to hatching day-old turkeys this a great partnership. similar drive. Their attention (so-called “poults”). We believe all parties to quality and detail is key HatchCare is a unique and involved will benefit from to our partnership” adds Mr this, especially our future widely-adopted hatchery Jonathan Huisinga, Willmar’s customers.” system where day-old birds Research & Development hatch under optimum, Mr Rick Huisinga, CEO of Director, “I look forward and uniform temperature From left to right Joost ter Willmar has a similarly with great confidence to the Heerdt, Commercial Director conditions, and are provided positive outlook: “Our first results.” at HatchTech and Tjitze Meter, with fresh water, feed, and small-scale tests with early Founder and CEO of HatchTech. About Willmar: light as soon as they hatch. feeding on turkeys have been As a leading food Years of investments and extremely positive. Now it’s thorough testing of early time for the next big step in technology company, feeding potential for turkeys our product development HatchTech Incubation has revealed positive cycle; gathering full-scale Technology enables poultry results. Willmar is now in the data. HatchTech has companies worldwide process of extending their developed the best solution to maximize the genetic research and development in the world to deliver potential of their birds. facilities, adding HatchCare feed, fresh water, and an Drawing on our unrivalled systems to their process, ideal environment to newly expertise in early-stage to increase testing capacity hatched chicks, and we chicks, we create research- and enable large-scale believe the same potential based products for field trials. Willmar and exists in poults. The future incubation, brooding and of HatchCare for Turkeys is From left to right: Jonathan HatchTech will work in close Huisinga, R&D Director of storage and deliver and partnership to monitor bright!” Willmar and Rick Huisinga, CEO service our customers’ outcomes, gather data, and Both companies are aware of Willmar. projects worldwide. measure the performance of the tremendous potential Willmar Poultry Innovations Headquartered in the and bird-health impact of that fresh water and early (WPI) is the research Netherlands, and with these systems. Due to the feeding will deliver for arm of a family-owned offices in China, Ukraine and expectation of a positive day-old Turkeys. At the organization with multiple representing agents in over outcome of these efforts, same time, they are fully affiliate companies that 20 countries, HatchTech Willmar has become the aware of the fact that the have developed expertise supports customers in more exclusive distributor for genetics and behaviour of a and delivered innovation than 40 countries. Read the sales of HatchCare for day-old chicken and a day- to the turkey industry more at www.hatchtech. Turkeys in the United States old turkey are significantly for 75 years. WPI focuses com of America and Canada. different. It will be critical September 2020 • POULTRY FORTUNE • 31

PF SEPTEMBER 2020 ISSUE.indd 31 15-09-2020 16:10:25 32 • POULTRY FORTUNE • September 2020

PF SEPTEMBER 2020 ISSUE.indd 32 15-09-2020 16:10:26 September 2020 • POULTRY FORTUNE • 33

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PF SEPTEMBER 2020 ISSUE.indd 34 15-09-2020 16:10:27 September 2020 • POULTRY FORTUNE • 35

PF SEPTEMBER 2020 ISSUE.indd 35 15-09-2020 16:10:28 SPECIAL FEATURE Poultry can become big industry in Kashmir if Govt supports it

Poultry is a growing industry in Kashmir and if government extends support through subsidy for land, construction of poultry sheds and ease of movement of chicks and grown up birds, this industry can grow big in the state, said Mr Ghulam Muhammed Bhat, President, Kashmir Valley Poultry Farmers Association. Poultry Fortune Editor M. A. Nazeer had an interview with Mr Ghulam Muhammed Bhat Ghulam Muhammed Bhat, President, Kashmir Valley Poultry over telephone on September 11. Excerpts: Farmers Association

Buchpora, Srinagar: The situation farms have 5,000 broilers growing casually in 80s at Buchpora Srinagar. of people in Kashmir is very bad and capacity each and a few farmers have Bhat was a school going boy then, with the lockdown owing to Covid-19 20,000 broilers rearing each. The farm and his father used to ask him to pandemic, the life of people in the valley gate price of live broilers is INR 70 a kilo get 100 chicks from Government has become worst. Poultry farming is presently. All the broilers produced in Hatchery Hariparbhat Srinagar which the main activity here, said Mr Ghulam the valley are consumed locally. he carried on cycle. After a couple of Muhammed Bhat, President, Kashmir As the chicks have to travel mostly from years the farm jumped to around 300 Valley Poultry Farmers Association Haryana and Punjab there is high transit chick capacity in 1986. It was a big (KVPFA) and a leading entrepreneur in mortality due to long distance. achievement those days as people poultry industry in the state of Jammu According to KVPFA President G. M. were not so much attracted towards & Kashmir. Bhat and General Secretary Mr Farook farm Chicken (broiler). No one in the government listens us and Ahmed Dar, poultry farmers of the At that time there were 50 to 60 poultry poultry farmers are in distress position state want industry friendly poultry farms and almost all were in Srinagar today. Government announced that policy. We are happy to say that Mr city. Gradually he got involved more movement of vehicles with essential Navin Kumar Choudhary, Principal and more in this set up and brought goods like Eggs and Chicken should Secretary to the Government, Animal the first hatch. Unfortunately, when be allowed freely, but in practice the and Sheep Husbandry Department, it was ready to be sold, rates slashed government officials like traffic police Jammu & Kashmir is very helpful to down. But with the encouragement of are troubling us. In the first week of poultry farmers and the stakeholders seniors he sold the birds himself and September 2020 about three lakh of the industry in the state, said the succeeded. He witnessed a tough time Broiler chicks were died as the traffic President. in the beginning. police stopped chicks vehicles for over G. M. Bhat said, Poultry is a growing We reached to 1200 chick capacity and 36 hours, he stated. industry in Kashmir and if government then established a farm for 2000 chicks J&K Produces 90 lakh Broilers a month extends support through subsidy for in our premises at Buchpora Srinagar. While Jammu produces 30 lakh broilers land, construction of poultry sheds and Today, Alhamdulillah, I grow more than a month, the production of broilers in ease of movement of chicks and grown 30,000 chicks in our own farm. We got Kashmir is 60 lakh birds a month with up birds, this industry can grow big in involved in poultry feed as well and about 14,000 poultry farmers in the the state. have a factory for the same at Industrial state. It has 95 % broiler farming and How he took up poultry business Estate Zakura, Srinagar, said G. M. Bhat. 5 % layer farming. On an average the It was his father who started poultry 36 • POULTRY FORTUNE • September 2020

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manufacturer and mandis where we can sell our How things changed for Kashmir 3. Poultry farmer (base of poultry produce. Let us fix the rates as is the poultry industry industry) practice every where. If these issues In 1988, poultry farmers in Kashmir had 4. Lifter / cutter / marketing. are attended, Kashmir poultry will give reached a production of more than 15% livelihood for 6 to 7 lakh people. of its consumption while more than 80% Govt's proposal for Poultry Parks used to come from outside Kashmir. It was tough job to get day old chicks Government proposes Poultry Estates from outside. or Poultry Parks with side by side buildings for farms that is seen no Reasons for increase in poultry where in the world and it will never consumption be successful because poultry is highly Eggs and Chicken meat are easily vulnerable and dangerous infections available, economical and good protein like RKD, CRD, IB infection etc. If one source, and are safe and easy to cook. farm catches infection, it will spread Poultry covers a wide base - you have to all as they will be lying close by. We farmer, feed manufacturer, dealers have a suggestion to demarcate land in of medicines and vaccines, skilled far flung areas that may be non fertile men like cutter, lifter etc. At present Farooq Ahmed Dar, rocky with less water. Give 5 kanal land approximately 300,000 people are General Secretary, KVPFA (between two farms). There should involved in this industry in Kashmir be electricity, roads, drainage etc for province alone. As on date all three components are hygiene. getting full industrial benefits from We have very enthusiastic farmers government. It is only the poultry In the approved Poultry Policy who started on their own. We farmer who is at risk and has been government promised us land at approached government for subsidy neglected despite huge involvement 5/6 places where we can sell our for construction of shed when the and investment for reasons best known own products. We appealed to the farmer has already invested in terms to policy makers, Mr Bhat stated. authorities to immediately release of land. Authorities argued that as funds for the same so that we can Issues in marketing of poultry products per government policy there is no establish our outlets there with small subsidy on construction. I as president Fluctuation of prices is the major godowns and sell our products. problem, sometimes it is Rs 150 per of KVPFA argued that you give other Normally a small scale unit holder kg and at times Rs 80 per kg or even industries land on lease, subsidy on is getting land on lease and then on less. Rates are not fixed in terms of machinery that usually costs 50 to 60 average the equipment etc would cost investment, cost of production and lakh rupees. Here in poultry, we do upto Rs 70 lakh investment where he is profit margin etc. Even rate of day- not need much of machines for the getting subsidy as well. farms. Feeders, generators etc can cost old chicks varies from 8 rupees to 55 On the other hand, as per government maximum upto INR 10 lakhs. We need rupees per chick. Here it is demand policy requirement, a poultry farm with loan on agriculture pattern, subsidy on and supply that fixes the rates and at 10,000 chicks capacity needs around construction of building, insurance etc, times it cripples the farmers. Food and 10,000 sqr ft space for chicks (1 sqr he said. Supplies fixed the rate at Rs 110 per kilo. We sold it at Rs 75 per kilo; farmer is in ft per bird). Then there is a need of Area wise status of poultry in Kashmir losses. office, storage facility etc which comes upto 15,000 sqr ft requirement. This 15 years ago farm poultry was mainly Expectations from authorities restricted to Srinagar only. Due to needs minimum 5 kanal land and if you KVPFA president appealed to the congestion in the city, farming got establish it in far end places that will government to ensure that this shifted to outskirts and rural areas go upto Rs 70 lakh for cost of land. In sector is not in losses. In this era of and today you find it all over Kashmir. addition 15,000 sqr ft space means unemployment, poultry sector is Pulwama is the leading area for Rs 1.5 crore and then equipment etc providing employment to lot of people. poultry farming. If shortcomings are around 25 lakh rupees. It approximately This sector has potential to expand addressed, this sector will turn into a makes Rs 2.5 crore investment. This even more. Government has to devise major revolution in Kashmir economy, investment needs to be given due a policy that ensures the growth of Bhat says. consideration. poultry sector in Kashmir. Segments of poultry sector To a question G. M. Bhat said, winter Experts services needed or cold weather is not a problem for Poultry is like elephant on four legs or Any industry running on losses will a bus with four tyres, if all are normal, poultry. We need facilities, maintain collapse for sure. This industry needs to temperature and look at humidity only then it will be a smooth ride. The be attended by experts so that well set factor as well. Continuous supply of four pillars of poultry industry are: plan is formed for its smooth operation. electricity, constant voltage, exhaust 1. Hatchery (day old chicks producer) We need Kisan cards, insurance cover fans etc will help. 2. Feed, Vaccines, Medicine etc September 2020 • POULTRY FORTUNE • 37

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Feed supply To a question on poultry feed Save Poultry Industry in Kashmir manufacturing locally, he said, we grow around 45 lakh birds here. On an -- Ghulam Muhammed Bhat, President, Kashmir Valley average one bird consumes 2.5 kg feed, Poultry Farmers Association appeals to the Kashmir State that way there is a huge scope for the Government. feed sector. We get raw material from Below is the text of KVPFA letter to the Government outside for a little share of feed that we manufacture here. Right now 95 % of feed is imported from outside, only 5 % The Hon’ble Commissioner, from here. Animal & Sheep Husbandry Department, Scope for Hatchery Jammu & Kashmir. According to Bhat, there is good scope for hatcheries in Kashmir, more than 95 % of day old chicks are brought from Subject: Please save Kashmir poultry industry from further losses. outside. People should invest here, it is Do not stop Day Old Chicks vehicles at Batal Mood Udhampur, a wide open choice. We will get fresh Jakhani Chowk, Udhampur and upto Banihal. stock which is not stressed. We need

approximately 50 lakh broiler day old chicks per month. We may even go for Respected Sir, an integrated poultry activity. With due respect and reverence, it is well known to you that Kashmir Egg Marketing poultry farmers are in tremendous financial pressure because of too less Egg market in Kashmir has huge rates of broilers for which we are in constant touch with the concerned opportunity and it is 100 % imported veterinary department as well as with your good-self to correct rate from outside. We need to grow layer system, so that farmers may be saved from further losses. birds for 6 months before they start laying eggs. This is a virgin area and As Kashmir poultry farmers are already under heavy financial stress people can invest here in this sector because they are being compelled to sell their product on losses, we are and there is a great potential. in a process to solve this problem. Unfortunately, another complicated problem started which is as under that from last few days day old chick vehicles which are coming from Haryana and Punjab are being deliberately stopped at Batal Mood Udhampur, Jakhani Chowk Udhampur, Ramban, Ramsu etc areas because of unknown reasons, due to which chicks are dying in huge quantity and remaining chicks are getting full stress. So, one side dealers are compelled to give huge losses and on the other side farmers too are being compelled to face huge losses due to stressed chicks.

Please tell us what is our crime ? It is again requested to you hon’ble sir to please pass on immediate and necessary instructions to traffic officials convey them not to stop chick vehicles and other poultry vehicles on highway (batal chowk udhampur to banihal), so that we may not face more problems and losses. If things continue like this, the livelihood of more than 3 lakh people are in danger. Please help us.

Thanking You, Yours Sincerely, Ghulam Muhammed Bhat, President, Kashmir Valley Poultry Farmers Association, Buchpora, Srinagar, Kashmir – 190 020. 38 • POULTRY FORTUNE • September 2020

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PF SEPTEMBER 2020 ISSUE.indd 39 15-09-2020 16:10:29 CONTACT TODAY: ARTICLE Optimizing ..... Optimizing utilization of Fats & Oils in Poultry Nutrition Highlight Points

Fats and Oils have been used by the poultry industry around the globe as a supplemental dietary energy source in poultry feed to yield higher levels of metabolizable energy at an economically justifiable price. Hence, understanding fats/oils and their digestion as well as absorption from poultry gut is a most important factor for optimizing the utilization of fats and oils to provide higher level of metabolizable energy to birds. Supplementation of exogenous emulsifiers (more hydrophilic in nature) plays major role to optimize utilization of fats and oils from poultry gut. Some synthetic emulsifiers like GPEGR/PEGR (Glyceryl Polyethylene Glycol Ricinoleate) are more capable than Lecithin based emulsifiers in reducing the feed cost by their energy saving effects.

By Dr Sandeep Gavali, Dr K.P. Kale, Dr Sunil Nadgauda, Dr Parag Mahadik and Dr Sudhir Kale Venky’s India Limited, Pune

As per current scenario, oil is one of the major source of Fats and oils have been used by the growing poultry industry energy in poultry feed for fulfillment of required energy around the globe as a supplemental dietary energy source in levels. poultry feed to yield higher levels of metabolizable energy According to Baião NC and Lara LJC (2005) the term fat at an economically justifiable price. Hence, understanding (animal or vegetal) is used as a synonym for lipid in the fats and their metabolism is a critical factor when it comes to human food as well as in the ingredients for animal nutrition. efficient utilization of the dietary energy contributed by fat/ The addition of fat to diets, besides supplying energy, oil supplementation. improves the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins, diminishes For understanding better usage of fats and oils and to the pulverulence, increases the palatability of the rations, increase its utilization, knowledge of the following points is and increases the efficiency of the consumed energy (lower essential: caloric increment). Furthermore, it reduces the passage rate 1. Selection of fats and oils of the digesta in the gastrointestinal tract, which allows a 2. Quality of Fats and Oils better absorption of all nutrients present in the diet. 3. Broiler’s Diet Considering importance of fats and oils in poultry feed, we 4. Digestion and Absorption of fats and oils want to discuss following important points: 1. Selection of fats and oils: • Use of Fats and Oils in poultry diet Introduction of fats and oils:- • Emulsifier and their usage in poultry feed The term “fat” is used as a synonym for lipid and refers to • Field trial reports of the emulsifier (Emulso-V) triglycerides or triacylglycerols of several profiles of fatty Fats and Oils in poultry feed: acids. Oils are esters of glycerol as with fats; however, oils According to Murugesan G. R., historically, starch (specifically are liquid unlike fats which are solid at room temperature maize/corn starch) has been the primary energy source for (Lehninger et al., 2008). poultry feed. As maize is now being increasingly utilized in Fats and oils both are composed of triglycerides (having ethanol production, the cost and availability of starch as three fatty acids with one glycerol backbone). a low-cost energy source is being adversely affected. This Fatty Acids – makes dietary energy the costliest component in poultry feed. Energy costs will continue to drive grain prices, as a) Short Chain Fatty Acids – Having 2 to 5 numbers of carbon more grain is diverted towards bio-fuel production, impelled atoms in their structure. For e.g. Propionic acid, Butyric by high crude oil prices. While continual usage of maize acid. increases dietary costs and reduces margins, reduction of b) Medium Chain Fatty Acids – Having 6 to 12 numbers of dietary energy might result in either slowed growth rates carbon atoms in their structure. For e.g. Capric acid, and/or reduced feed efficiency. Another option, however, is Caprylic acid. to use supplemental fats and oils to increase dietary energy c) Long Chain Fatty Acids – Having 13 to 21 numbers of carbon content. This would allow for continued performance and give atoms in their structure. For e.g. Palmitic acid. the flexibility to poultry producers when pricing ingredients. d) Very Long Chain Fatty Acids – Having above 21 numbers of 40 • POULTRY FORTUNE • September 2020

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carbon atoms in their structure. acids and also helps to form more micro micelle for Saturated and Unsaturated Fatty Acids – better absorption of oils. a) Saturated Fatty Acids – Having no double bond in VI. Triglycerides with Polyunsaturated Fatty acids (Cis type their carbonic chain structure, high melting point than of long chain unsaturated fatty acids) can provide more unsaturated fatty acids, less polar and available in animals metabolizable energy to birds than Triglycerides with fats in large quantity. Monounsaturated Fatty acids and Saturated Fatty Acids. b) Unsaturated Fatty Acids – Having one or more numbers VII. U/S ratio (Unsaturated/Saturated) of fats/oils inclusion of double bonds in their carbonic chain structure, less in poultry diet should be at least 4:1 for better utilization melting point than saturated fatty acids, more polar, cis as and absorption of fats/oils. well as trans type of fatty acids, available in vegetable oils VIII. Additionally, there are some points need to consider in large quantity. during selection of fats/oils for poultry diet inclusion Triglycerides – rather than above mentioned criteria for better utilization A) and prolong life of fats/oils. 2. Quality of Fats and Oils – a) Simple Triglycerides – Having same types of fatty acids attached to their glycerol backbone. The quality of fats/oils is most essential part of selection of b) Mixed Triglycerides – Having different types of fatty acids oils/fats for poultry diet and to maintain the good quality of attached to their glycerol backbone. selected oil/fat is also important for it’s prolong life and it is B) depends on following points – a) Triglycerides with Saturated Fatty Acids – Having all three I. Oxidative Rancidity - Polyunsaturated fatty acids are saturated fatty acids in their structure. more prone to oxidative reactions or to form oxidative b) Triglycerides with Monounsaturated Fatty Acids – Having rancidity as they are having more number of double one double bond in their unsaturated fatty acids structure. bonds. Hence for avoiding the same we need to use some antioxidants. e.g. natural antioxidants (vitamins c) Triglycerides with Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids – Having A and E), the synthetic α-tocopherol and other phenolic two or more number of double bonds in their unsaturated fatty acids structure. antioxidants (BHA Butyl hydroxyanisole, BHT - Butyl Fats – hydroxytoluene, TBHQ tert-butyl-hydroxyquinone, PG 3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid propyl ester) and the non- Fats are having more number of saturated fatty acids (no phenolic antioxidants (Ethoxyquin Ethox, 6 ethoxy-1,2 double bond in their carbonic chain structure), fats are less dihydro-2,2,4 trimethyl quinoline) are effective in polar than oils and having high melting point, hence they are inhibiting oxidation. BHA and BHT are effective in solid at room temperature. They are made up of simple or stabilizing animal fats. TBHQ is effective in stabilizing mixed types of triglycerides with more number of saturated both animal and vegetal fats. The mixture of TBHQ with fatty acids. BHT and/or BHA is widely used in the control of oil and Oils – fat oxidation. PG is the most adequate to stabilize animal Fats are having more number of unsaturated fatty acids (one fats (Butolo, 2001; Papas, 1993 cited by Gómez 2003). or more numbers of double bond in their carbonic chain II. MIU (Moisture, Impurities and Unsaponifiable) – Max structure), high polar than fats and having less melting point level should be 1%. than fats, hence they are liquid at room temperature. They III. Acidity (Free Fatty Acids) – It has been suggested that are made up of simple or mixed types of triglycerides with for each 1% of increase in acidity, 10 kcal of metabolizable more number of unsaturated fatty acids. energy is lost per kg of diet/ ingredient (Barbi & Lucio, With considering above classification of Fatty Acids, Saturated 2003). and Unsaturated Fatty Acids, Triglycerides and Fats and Oils, IV. Saponification value – It is always higher when selection of best fats and oils are as per below: triglyceride chains are shorter. I. Oils are preferred than fats as they are having more V. Peroxide value – Max. 20 meq is accepted per kg of oil/ numbers of unsaturated fatty acids. fat (or depends on the nature of fatty acids available in II. The increase in the length of the carbonic chain of oil/fat). saturated fatty acids increases the melting point of the VI. Iodine value – It is considered better for stability of fat and the presence of the double bond decreases the fats/oils. Iodine value between 70 and 120 or above (or melting point. The longer is the chain, the smaller is the number of double bonds, and less soluble it will be in depends on oil/fat). water. The geometry of the double bond also influences 3. Broiler’s Diet – the melting point. Total requirement of energy is high in broiler birds. For III. Trans fatty acids have higher melting point than their cis fulfillment of their energy requirement oil/fat is the best isomers. source than other carbohydrate and protein rich sources as IV. All types of unsaturated fatty acids are more preferable heat increment during fatty acids conversion from oil/fat is than all types of saturated fatty acids. lesser than carbohydrate and protein. V. Long chain unsaturated fatty acids can provide more Generally following broiler diet specifications are followed in metabolizable energy to the birds than all other fatty the poultry industry for better broiler performance. September 2020 • POULTRY FORTUNE • 41

PF SEPTEMBER 2020 ISSUE.indd 41 15-09-2020 16:10:29 ARTICLE Optimizing…

Table 1. Broiler’s Diet birds is not well developed (Bensadoun and Rothfeld, 1972). Role of Lipoproteins: Very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) – carry triglycerides from the liver to the extra hepatic tissues like the ovary (for egg yolk synthesis) or muscle (for energy) (Phan and Tso, 2001). High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) – “Good As per physiology of birds they are having capacity to utilize cholesterol" because HDL-C takes up excess cholesterol and or digest limited quantity of oils/fats when we are offering carries it to the liver for removal. energy in the form of oils/fats. Endogenous emulsifiers are Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) – “Bad not much efficient in the digestion of fat (Dr Rajesh Singh, cholesterol" because it deposits excess cholesterol in walls 2019). of blood vessels. 4. Digestion and Absorption of fats and oils Difficulties in first few days of life: Fat digestion Secretion of bile acids/salts and pancreatic lipase enzyme The digestion and absorption of fat in the chicken occurs are less in first 14 to 21 days of life. Hence, external mainly in the small intestine (Scott et al., 1982). The presence supplementation of emulsifier is essential for better digestion of digesta, with intact dietary fat in the duodenum, stimulates and absorption of fats / oils. cholecystokinin secretion, which in turn induces the secretion According to Carew et al. (1972) the capability to absorb corn of pancreatic enzymes and bile (Friedman and Nylund, 1980). oil increased from 84% to 95% from the first to the second While bile salts emulsify fat along with co-lipase providing week of age and absorption of tallow has increased from 40% more surface area for the enzymes to act upon, lipase to 79%. hydrolyses the emulsified triglycerides on sn-1 and sn-3 positions to release Monoglycerides and free fatty acids (Mu We have done one trial on broiler’s based on above and Hoy, 2004). Cholesterol esterase hydrolyses cholesterol- hypothesis using Emulso-V (PEGR based emulsifier from fatty acid esters into cholesterol and free fatty acids (Mu and Venky’s) and following are our findings: Hoy, 2004). Also large amounts of endogenous phospholipids Table 2. Trial of Emulso-V on broiler birds enter through bile, predominantly Phosphatidylcholine in addition to dietary phospholipids. Phospholipase A2 cleaves phospholipids at the sn-2 position to release lysolecithins and free fatty acids (Scott et al., 1982). Fat absorption Bile salts are biological surfactants as well as detergents, which are amphipathic i.e., they have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic ends (Mu and Hoy, 2004). When the concentration of bile salts in the lumen is at or above “critical micellar concentration,” they arrange themselves on the * Note - Energy level is reduced by reducing 6 kg soya oil per surface of lipid digestion products, with their hydrophobic ton of feed. ends turned inward and hydrophilic ends turned outward Addition of emulsifier showed better weight gain (Free Fatty Acids, Monoglycerides, Cholesterol and as compared to control diet. Exogenous or external Lysolecithin), forming “Mixed Micelles” (Garrett and Young, supplementation of emulsifiers is most important in broilers 1975). Long-chain unsaturated fatty acids have greater for better digestion and absorption of fats/oils during early ability to form micelles, they may act synergistically in the life. absorption of saturated fatty acids when mixed with them Emulsifier: (Ferreira, 1999). To get their lipid content absorbed actively Emulsifier - A substance that stabilizes an emulsion and by enterocytes, these mixed micelles can pass across the having water loving head (Hydrophilic) and an oil loving tail unstirred water layer, which bathes the enterocytes (Iqbal (Hydrophobic). and Hussain, 2009). Inside the enterocytes, the MG, free fatty acids are re-esterified to form triglycerides and together with Emulsion – It is a mixture of two or more immiscible liquids. cholesterol, lipoproteins and lysolecithins, are assembled They are having two types oil in water emulsion and water in into portomicrons (Stevens, 2004). Around 15% of fatty oil emulsion. acids present in the lumen are catabolized in the mucosal HLB Value (Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance) – HLB is the epithelium towards the maintenance energy requirement tool or scale which is used for the evaluation of the type of (Noy and Sklan, 1996). Short chain fatty acids and free glycerol emulsifiers. HLB value ranges between “0 to 20” for different are absorbed directly through passive uptake (Gropper et al., emulsifiers. 2008). The portomicrons, short chain fatty acids and free HLB – 4 to 6 are using as water in oil emulsifiers, HLB – 7 to 9 glycerol are transported through the portal venous system to are using as wetting agents, HLB - 8 to 18 are using as oil in the liver, since unlike mammals the lymphatic system of the water emulsifiers, HLB – 13 to 15 are using as Detergents and

42 • POULTRY FORTUNE • September 2020

PF SEPTEMBER 2020 ISSUE.indd 42 15-09-2020 16:10:29 Optimizing ..... ARTICLE

HLB – 10 to 18 are using as Solubilizers. consumption, and total fat in feed is around 6 % or slightly Bile salts are acting as natural emulsifier which is having HLB more (depends on the feed ingredients), hence water (Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance) value around 18. i. e. more consumption is approx. 30 – 40 times more than total fat hydrophilic, also there are various commercial emulsifiers intake, Hence birds require emulsifier which dissolve oil in available in the market. water and should have more Hydrophilicity or HLB value Birds are consuming 2.5 to 3 times more water than the feed (min. 8 and max. 18).

Fig. 1. HLB Scale

Commercial emulsifiers – formulation for energy equivalence. 1. Lecithin (Phospholipids) – More lipophilic emulsifier with VII. PEGR act as a bio surfactant. low HLB value hence not suitable for poultry. Its structure VIII. PEGR is compatible with NSPs because PEGR reduces is having two lipophilic tails and one hydrophilic head. viscosity (NSPs having property to increase the viscosity 2. Lysolecithin (Lysophospholipid) – Hydrophilic emulsifier in GIT and increased viscosity leads to inadequate with O/W emulsifier property but HLB is below 13. Itis absorption of nutrients and impaired peristaltic progress derived from lecithin and having one lipophilic tail and one of chyme through intestine which may leads bacterial hydrophilic head. overgrowth and micro flora reduces binding of bile salts 3. GPEGR (Glyceryl Polyethylene Glycol Ricinoleate) /PEGR to fat in upper intestinal tract, hence wash out the fats (Polyethylene Glycol Ricinoleate) / Emulso – V (Venky’s) with reduces its utilization). – Hydrophilic emulsifier with O/W emulsifier property and IX. PEGR is a good emulsifier and can produce effects inside HLB value is around 13.10 and above. It is derived from as well as outside the body. castor oil and its structure is having more hydrophilic portion. Castor oil is rich in long chain unsaturated fatty X. Inhibition of fungal growth – It bounds moisture (as acids which acts as a potent emulsifier itself. Toxicity of moisture is inside the feed particle) it does not evaporate enzyme ricin is removed after heat treatment. thereby maintains the nutrient value intact without any About GPEGR/PEGR (Emulso – V) – loss and inhibits the growth of yeast and mold. It also Properties – helpful for uniform mixing of not only fats or oils but also liquid amino acids, liquid vitamins and liquid acidifiers. Properties and Uses – XI. PEGR acts as a lubricant during feed production which I. PEGR is non toxic and naturally biodegrades and is helps in better pellets production with less energy recognized as Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS). consumption. Also, due to the lubrication property, II. PEGR is non-ionic and stable in broad range of pH and there is less friction in the dye which helps to increase high temperatures and is suitable for pelleted feeds. the dye life. III. “Nutritional Emulsifier” as it consumes little energy than XII. The process of pelletizing feed requires the use of other emulsifiers like soy lecithin and dissolved in gut by steam at conditioning however steam and oil have no mechanical stirring. compatibility. The PEGR are known to improve the feed IV. It can increase digestibility of long chain saturated fatty production process by reducing the interfacial tension acids (C16 and C18) hence; it is economical as animal fats between two immiscible phases of oil and water leading and some vegetable fats (Like Palm oil) contains LCFA to quality feed production. (Max. saturated). XIII. PEGR having excellent property to work synergistically V. It reduces liver fat / abdominal fat pad and circulatory with bile salts. lipids as well as dietary lipids are utilized in better way. XIV. Aqueous solution of PEGR is stable in the presence of VI. PEGR utilize more fat and can be used in least cost feed low concentrations of electrolytes such as acids or salts. September 2020 • POULTRY FORTUNE • 43

PF SEPTEMBER 2020 ISSUE.indd 43 15-09-2020 16:10:29 ARTICLE Optimizing .....

Mechanism of Action – the help of Monoglycerides, Phospholipids and bile I. Upon entering into the Jejunal area or small intestine, salts. “Micro micelles” can be absorbed easily through Emulso-V starts breaking the large fat globules into intestinal villi. smaller one and helps to expose their surface active area. Trial Reports: II. Pancreatic lipase identify exposed active surface We have conducted several trials in broilers using Emulso-V of fat globules and starts its hydrolysis mechanism as an emulsifier to study the efficacy of emulsifiers. (i.e. Triglycerides from oils or fats divides in to one Note - In below mentioned trial, we have reduced 6 kg soya Monoglyceride and two Fatty Acids) oil from per ton of feed and same is replaced with 6 kg maize III. Emulso-V helps to form more “Micro micelles” with per ton of feed resulting in reduction of 32.8 kcal ME per kg of feed in negative control as well as treatment groups. Table 3. Performance Report:

The trial shown that usage of Emulso-V improved broiler performance resulting in reduction of production cost/kg Conclusion – Emulso –V helps to reduce abdominal fat pad, broiler weight as compared to control groups (Positive and liver fat and helps to increase breast meat weight as well as Negative control), by better utilization of added fats/oils in dressed weight. the feed. Table 6. Serum cholesterol level: Table 4. Fat digestibility trial:

Conclusion - Emulso – V helps to increase total digestibility of fat. *PC – Positive Control (Normal Diet), *NC – Negative Control Table 7. Serum cholesterol level: (diet with reduction of 6 kg soya oil from normal diet and addition of 6 kg maize per MT of feed). Table 5. Fat yield trial:

44 • POULTRY FORTUNE • September 2020

PF SEPTEMBER 2020 ISSUE.indd 44 15-09-2020 16:10:30 Effect of dietary… ARTICLE

Conclusion – Emulso – V / PEGR is responsible for the increase at inside of grinded particles) for avoiding its evaporation, a total serum cholesterol level but it increases HDL not LDL good lubricant property beneficial for pellet mill and and Triglycerides and same is explained by Verlag Eugen reduces interfacial tension between steam and feed Ulmer (2019). during conditioning process. Recommended dosage levels: • It helps to reduce abdominal fat pad, liver fat and helps Dose of Emulso – V is 250 to 300 g per ton of feed (we can to increase fat digestibility and HDL cholesterol (good reduce 32.8 kcal energy per kg of feed by using Emulso – V). cholesterol). Summary (about Emulso-V): • It helps to gain average body weight with reduction in FCR. • Emulso-V (A unique nutritional synthetic emulsifier) is a • Energy saving effects (we can reduce upto 32.80 Kcal ME blend of Phytogenic Hydrophilic Emulsifiers and major per kg of feed with using Emulso-V as per recommended constituent is Glyceryl Polyethylene Glycol Ricinoleate dosage) which can help reduces cost of feed formulation. which having strong activity to dissolve oil in water. • Strongly compatible with all kinds of oils (either rich in • It has good HLB value (Above 13.10) with strong surfactant saturated or unsaturated fatty acids, e.g. Tallow, RB oil, activity than Phospholipid (Lecithin), Lysophospholipid Palm oil, Blended oil and Soya oil etc), grains having NSPs (Lysolecithin) and other commercial emulsifiers and and some amount of saturated fatty acids (e. g. Wheat, synergistically acts with Bile salts. SBM, Broken Rice etc). • In Vivo Activity - It has good activity to increase surface • Dose – 250 to 300 gms per MT of feed. active area of fat/oil which triggers the activity of References – pancreatic lipase in fat digestion process and helps to References will be shared on demand. form more micro-micelle for better absorption of fat and fat soluble vitamins. It reduces viscosity also, hence [email protected], [email protected], compatible with NSPs. [email protected], [email protected] • In Vitro Activity – Binds moisture (i.e. moisture available Effect of dietary acidifier on performance of Broiler Chickens

Dr Onkar Pawaskar and Dr Mangesh Sagar

Feed additives containing low-molecular-weight organic organic acids, particularly propionic acid have a strong inhibi- acids are called as acidifiers. The importance of low-molec- tory effect on the growth of moulds. ular-weight organic acids in livestock nutrition increased con- The amount of acidifier recommended for inclusion in poultry siderably in response to the ongoing ban on feed antibiotics. diets depends on several factors, mainly on alkalizing effects Different combinations of organic acids are used in feed of of feed ingredients and mineral supplement such as calcium animals against bacterial infections. The dry form acidifiers sources. Under production conditions, the ban on feed an- contain organic acids, organic acid salts or their blends, usu- tibiotics may result in considerable mortality rates, especial- ally based on carriers, which do not react chemically with the ly during the first 21 days of the birds. According to modern active ingredient. They are used in poultry nutrition for the farming standards, chicken mortality rates must not exceed purpose of maintaining the digestive pH at a level to prevent 3%. Excessive mortality may be due to the strong alkaline ef- the growth of pathogenic bacteria. They also show bacteri- fect of high protein content of diets for young birds, when cidal activity against pathogenic intestinal microflora. Most the digestive tract and its secretary capacity are not fully de- often, pathogenic bacteria begin to develop in the digestive veloped. tract when the lumen pH of the small intestine and caecum exceeds 5.8, and that of large intestine exceeds 6.2 The mul- The aim of the study was to determine the effect of various tiplication of pathogenic microorganisms in the intestine may organic acids on broiler performance. result in the inflammation of intestinal mucosa or necrosis of Materials and methods intestinal epithelium. This causes increased secretion of intes- A total of 1024 day-old cobb broiler chicks were random- tinal fluids which leads to diarrhoea. Diarrhoea and the asso- ly divided into 4 groups, with 4 replicates of 64 birds. Birds ciated dehydration cause birds to go off fed and may lead to in each replicate were kept in pens covered with saw dust. their death in a very short period of time. Shed temperature, humidity and ventilation were maintained Cereals used for feed production may contain pathogenic in accordance with hygiene standards for young birds. The bacteria and moulds, which may synthesize harmful mould birds were vaccinated against F1 and IBD at day 5 and 12 re- toxins under poor storage conditions. Low-molecular-weight spectively. All chickens received ad libitum starter type diets September 2020 • POULTRY FORTUNE • 45

PF SEPTEMBER 2020 ISSUE.indd 45 15-09-2020 16:10:30 ARTICLE Effect of dietary…

(1–21 days) followed by grower type diets (22–42 days). The Body weight at 21 702 764 758 759 diets were composed of ground maize and soybean meal as the main ingredients (Table 1). Water was provided ad libitum days (g) throughout the trial. I P CID an acidifier from Volschendorf Body weight at 42 2687 2732 2776 2772 was added to trial diets at different dose rates and the con- days (g) trol group was fed without any acidifier. Mortality (%) 2.6 0.4 0.58 1.2 Feed consumption and mortality were recorded throughout Feed Intake (g/ 4621 4617 4885 4795 the study and the feed conversion ratios were subsequently calculated. bird) at 42 day Table1. Components and nutritive value of the diets F.C.R. 1.72 1.69 1.76 1.73 The results of this study show that the dietary level of 0.15, 0.2 Item Diet or 0.3% acidifier, increases the growth rate of chickens during Starter (1–21 Grower (22–42 both the first 21 days of age and over the entire 42-day peri- days) days) od. Better body weight gain was accompanied by increased Feed ingredients (%) feed consumption, although no significant differences were found in feed conversion ratio. Maize 60.10 64.10 These data may be indicative of the superior conversion of Soybean meal 32.50 28.50 the amino acids and energy from the acidifier supplemented Oil 4.00 4.00 diets and of the superior conversion of energy into broiler Dicalcium phosphate 1.70 1.70 tissues. Limestone 0.60 0.60 Table3. Carcass weight and dressing percentage NaCl 0.35 0.35 Item Con- I P Cid at different L-lysine HCl (78%) 0.11 0.11 trol dosage (g/kg diet) DL-methionine (99%) 0.14 0.14 1.5 2 3 Mineral Mixer 0.10 0.10 Slaughter weight (g) 2795 2846 2881 2894 Vitamin premix 0.05 0.05 Carcass weight (g) 1977 2056 2099 2082 Percent Nutrients in diet Dressing percentage 70.73 72.25 72.86 71.95 Lysine 1.2 1.0 The gradual increase in acidifier amounts in the experimental Methionine 0.52 0.57 diets prevented mortality in chickens. The mortality had dras- Crude fat 2.7 2.4 tically reduced. This suggests that the acidifier protected the chickens from intestinal infections and gastrointestinal disor- Crude fibre 3.5 4 ders, which are a common cause of mortality. In the present Calcium 0.97 0.92 experiment, in terms of stocking density and body weight per Phosphorus 0.52 0.51 unit floor area, the housing conditions were similar to the con- ditions used in large scale production. Results The I P CID acidifier used in the current experiment contained Adding the acidifier to chicken feeds reduced the pH of starter acetic acid, propionic acid, formic acid, butyric acid, citric acid diet from 6.90 to 5.89, and that of the grower diet from 6.28 and lactic acid. The acidifying effect persisted into the final to 5.73. Supplementing diets with the increasing amounts of section of the digestive tract, which is the least acidic and acidifier (from 1.5 to 3 kg/ton of feed) significantly increased most vulnerable to growth of pathogenic bacteria. body weight of chickens at 21 and 42 days of age compared to The results cited above indicate that the increase in chick- the control birds (Table 2). Mortality decreased significantly, ens’ body weight is in response to acidifying additives. It is of with significant differences in relation to the control group. economic importance that the acidifiers significantly reduced Feed consumption has slightly increased at 2kg and 3kg IP chicken mortality in the study mentioned above. CID added groups but feed conversion remained approximate- ly same. Feeding the acidifier significantly increased carcass In conclusion, due to the high protein contents, in addition to minerals, conventional broiler diets may have a highly alkaliz- weight at 43 days of the experiment (Table 3). Significant dif- ing effect. Because the digestive tract of chickens is not ready ferences were found in dressing percentage, which was the to counteract the effects of alkaline digesta, the administra- highest with the acidifier supplemented at 2 kg/ton and the tion of acidifiers and additives that reduce digesta pH seem lowest at 3 kg/ton, but was still higher compared to the con- the most important factor regulating the status of intestinal trol value. microflora. Our study with I P CID acidifier showed that the Table2. Growth performance of broiler chickens most advantageous dietary level of this feed additive ranges from 1.5 to 3 kg/ton, with 2 kg/ton regarded as the optimum Item Control I P Cid at different dose. dosage (g/kg diet)

1.5 2 3 [email protected] 46 • POULTRY FORTUNE • September 2020

PF SEPTEMBER 2020 ISSUE.indd 46 15-09-2020 16:10:30 NutraseXyla HS… ARTICLE NutraseXyla HS, the universal xylanase

Hilke Willemsen, M. Sc, Ph. D and Kurt Van de Mierop, M. Sc Nutrex nv

Enzymes are widely used in the feed industry to enhance NutraseXyla HS performance and reduce feed cost per unit of animal product. NutraseXyla HS is a unique endo-xylanase able to break While most agree about the value of phytase use in vegetable down both water-soluble and water-insoluble AX. Even based monogastric diets, there is much more debate about more, NutraseXyla HS has been found to be far superior to which Non-Starch Polysaccharide (NSP) enzymes can really other xylanases with regards to the breakdown of the water- make a difference, especially in corn-soy diets. As there appear to be as many opinions as there are enzymes, it is insoluble AX fraction. As thesoluble AX chain is broken into important to consider the basics that affect your choice. smaller AX fragments less water is bound, and the viscosity Arabinoxylans of the digesta is vastly reduced. In addition, the breakdown of water-insoluble AX also results in the release of additional Arabinoxylans (AX), a non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) and energy and nutrients, by making nutrients such as protein poorly digestible plant cell wall component, is by far the most important anti-nutritional factor in raw materials such and starch available for digestion by the animal’s endogenous as wheat and corn. Due to its abundance, location in the plant enzymes. Furthermore, the smaller AX-fragments, also material and to the lack endogenous NSP enzyme production known as AXOS, have been found to be a source of in monogastrics, AX reduce feed digestibility and therefore prebiotics which are fermented in the ceca to produce high animal performance considerably. levels of butyrate. Butyrate has multiple beneficial effects AX can be subdivided into a water-soluble fraction and as it supports the intestinal integrity and the development water-insoluble fraction. Water-soluble AX are responsible of beneficial microbiota, improves gut morphology and for an increase in intestinal viscosity, making digestion and modulates the immune system. Thanks to its optimal activity absorption of nutrients difficult. Also, unfavourable hind gut at neutral pH, NutraseXylaHS has a longer time to work at its fermentation is stimulated. Water-insoluble AX are known maximum capacity in the gastro-intestinal tract compared to to enclose digestible nutrients, making them unavailable other xylanases. to the animal. Although both types of AX contribute to the Futher more, NutraseXyla HS is highly stable and can withstand anti-nutritional effect, the most important AX fraction in all vegetable raw materials is the water-insoluble fraction; intensive and high temperature pelleting conditions. specifically in corn it is the only fraction that matters in Conclusion practice. The anti-nutritional effect of water-insoluble AX is Thanks to its combined properties, NutraseXyla HS is an NSP often overlooked and underestimated, as it does not result enzyme that substantially reduces feed costs by improving in “visible”digestive problems (higher digesta viscosity, wet feed digestibility and increasing nutrient and energy litter)as is the case for water-soluble AX. The over all anti- availability. NutraseXyla HS has a proven record of efficiently nutritional effect of AX is related to their combined level in breaking down water-insoluble AX, making it especially the feed as well as to the ratio of water-soluble to water- insoluble AX. successful in corn based diets. Futher more, NutraseXyla HS also impacts intestinal health through the prebiotic action Due to its enzyme-resistant properties, the water-insoluble of butyrate. The combination of NutraseXyla HS’ unique AX fraction is much more difficult to degrade than the water- soluble fraction. For this reason, most xylanases have failed characteristics strongly boosts monogastric performance to bring improvements to corn-soy diets since the only way to and reduces production costs, regardless if they are fed a achieve this, is by degrading the water-insoluble AX fraction. corn, wheat or other cereal based diet. This has led to much disappointment among nutritionists with regard to xylanase efficacy in corn-soy diets. Table 1: NSP content of feed ingredients (as % of dry matter) Water-sol- Water-in- NSP AX/NSP uble AX soluble AX Corn 0.1 5.1 8.1 64% Corn DDGS 0.4 12.6 28.6 45% Rice Bran 0.2 8.3 21.8 39% Wheat 1.8 6.3 11.4 71%

Wheat DDGS 4.9 13.4 33.2 55% Courtesy: NECC September 2020 • POULTRY FORTUNE • 47

PF SEPTEMBER 2020 ISSUE.indd 47 15-09-2020 16:10:30 ARTICLE Moving Towards… Moving Towards 'Atmanirbhar Bharat’ in Poultry Meat Production & Consumption Post COVID-19

Dr Shirish Nigam Managing Director, EW Nutrition South Asia

Chicken meat can arguably of food among households but be considered as “King of all at the same time the demand meats’ owing to its availability, in the restaurants and hotels taste and nutritive values. has plummeted. Moreover, In India, the chicken meat the due to the closure of consumption is steadily educational institutions has rising YoY and the annual also resulted in the decline in consumption in FY 2019 was the demand of poultry meat. considered to be around Thus, in order to compensate 3.8MMT with a CAGR of the loss in later segment, it around 6%. is eminent to reach directly For FY 20-21, this consumption to customers by increasing the retail sales. Immunity has is anticipated to decrease become a buzzword now owing to numerous factors Ministers from the Telangana government eating chicken at a public and even a layman knows including reduction in event to refute rumours that consumption of poultry products can the importance of boosting placements, negative social cause Covid-19. (Image courtesy: WWW.NEWSMETER.IN) immunity through good publicity, prevalence of quality proteins. Also, there is misconception of getting Covid-19 infected through eating an increased focus of government which may result in launch chicken, increase in retail cost of chicken meat and reduction of new supportive policies and schemes for this sector in in disposable income of people amid continuous lockdowns the time to come. It was highlighted by our honourable PM and slowdown of economy as a whole. in his Independence Day message that poultry and animal Nevertheless, this trend is absolutely temporary as the husbandry can play an important role in doubling the farmer’s situation is going to turnaround soon after the Covid income. situation gradually improves. There is a tremendous scope of Preference of Meat: amplifying the profits amid changing environment in current scenario. It is paramount that poultry producers work on a CHICKEN MEAT EMERGED AS MOST PREFERRED MEAT BY 70% OF THE RESPONDENTS paradigm shift in their business and operational models so that they adopt to new “normal” and meet the changing expectations and needs of the customers. To understand the changing patterns and rising expectations of the chicken meat consumers, a market survey was launched in May,2020.The survey lasted for nearly 5 weeks and covered nearly 200 non-vegetarian customers. Their responses were recorded and analysed to get the insights and changing trends of chicken meat consumption. The demography of respondents was represented by 74% male population and more than 50% of the respondents belonged to service class. 60% of the respondents belonged to North and Southern parts of India and 40% from North and Eastern region. The outcomes of the survey are highlighted in context of Chicken meat was considered as most preferred meat owing the changing business scenario. More and more people to its nutritive features and safety. The consumption pattern are operating from home and moving out only in case of was analysed and found to be weekly once by over 50% of the emergencies. This has led to the increase in the consumption population covered. 48 • POULTRY FORTUNE • September 2020

PF SEPTEMBER 2020 ISSUE.indd 48 15-09-2020 16:10:30 Moving Towards… ARTICLE

Chicken meat is considered as one of the healthy meats and Key Challenges Amid Changing Environment is relatively low in fats and cholesterol among other meats. The pandemic has brought many challenges in poultry It has good amount of proteins of high biological value and industry in terms of fluctuations of market demand, supply is laden with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. It provides chain issues, labour sourcing, inconsistency in cash flow selenium as antioxidant and aids in immunity building of body to fight against pathogenic bacteria and virus. among the key highlights. This has given the opportunity to poultry producers to re-invent their approach of doing The poultry meat production is expected to rise with a CAGR of around 9% from FY 2015-16 to FY 2022-23. The meat business in “new normal”. There is a dire need to reaching availability per capita is also bound to rise by CAGR of 7% thus direct to consumers to minimize the risk of business and creating lot of scope and opportunities in this segment reduce the dependency on traders and middlemen. The key FRESH CUT CHICKEN MEAT IS MOST PREFERRED FOR INDIAN drivers in the changing business and market scenario can be CONSUMERS projected as follows: a) Creating alternate ways of supply chain to reach consumers b) Technological advancements and innovations c) Resources optimization and enhancing business process efficiency d) Effective forecasting and agility in remodelling the business operations e) Sustainable ways of poultry production with minimized antibiotics Communicating the Message Effectively As the Covid-19 pandemic start emerging, spread of rumours citing the spread of virus through eating poultry meat wreaked havoc on the industry and lead to drastic fall in the The study reiterated the well-known fact that Indian chicken consumption.Largely, social media was blamed for consumers prefer the fresh cut chicken than other forms. the loss owing to its lightening speed of spread across all the This is the traditionally preferred form of chicken which may sections of society. shift towards the packed and branded chicken. Post covid In the study, it was observed that nearly 70% of the outbreak, safety of chicken meat becomes paramount and respondents considered government authorities as a credible largely people will shift towards a meat with full traceability source of information and social media was considered least and untouched by hands. This is reflected in the study where reliable source of information. nearly 46% of the respondents will/may look for anew outlet with assured quality, safety and traceability of chicken meat. NEARLY 70% RESPONDENTS TRUST GOVERNMENT 46% OF THE CONSUMERS WILL/MAY LOOK FOR A RELIABLE AUTHORITIES AS AUTHENTIC SOURCE OF INFORMATION AND TRUSTED OUTLET FOR SAFE CHICKEN MEAT BUT REACH AND SPEED OF FALSE MESSAGES THROUGH SOCIAL MEDIA CAUSED DAMAGE TO POULTRY INDUSTRY Recovering from Losses: As per the estimates, poultry industry suffered a loss to the tune of Rs. 1.6 Billion per day. This was largely created by Fake News and irresponsible and baseless news of linkage of spread of corona virus by eating chicken meat. Various efforts were made by FSSAI, political leaders, integrators and other stakeholders of industry to curtail the loss but did not proved enough. Lot of chicken melas and awareness camps were organized to spread right information among general public.

September 2020 • POULTRY FORTUNE • 49

PF SEPTEMBER 2020 ISSUE.indd 49 15-09-2020 16:10:31 ARTICLE Moving Towards...

22% OF THE RESPONDENTS STOPPED EATING CHICKEN DURING COVID-19 OUTBREAK

It generated lot of interest and attracted crowd who attended and participated in the mela consuming chicken and busting the myth. In the study conducted, it was found that around 22% of the Need of the Hour- Good Quality Chicken Meat with Complete respondent stopped eating chicken amid corona pandemic. Traceability It may be due to the lack of right information or due to In the current study, it was estimated that people are focused precautionary approach as meat is considered as luxury food on quality post covid and will prefer a branded chicken which item and not a necessity. represents quality and trust.

QUALITY, FRESHNESS AND CUSTOMER CLOSENESS ARE IMPORTANT PARAMETERS CUSTOMERS EVALUATING POST COVID Paradigm Shift for Quality: Most of the respondents were in agreement to receive a nicely packed branded chicken with guarantee of quality and traceability directly delivered to their home NEARLY 70% OF RESPONDENTS WERE READY TO PAY PREMIUM PRICE FOR A GOOD QUALITY BRANDED CHICKEN

50 • POULTRY FORTUNE • September 2020

PF SEPTEMBER 2020 ISSUE.indd 50 15-09-2020 16:10:31 Bacteriophages and… ARTICLE

It is paramount that the business process to be again Conclusion: looked from new angle and perspective and then backed The growing pandemic has created a need for the safe and with required technological and operational innovations, hygienic food. The chicken meat in India is largely based on poultry producers should carve a new way which leads to wet markets and individual meat sellers. There exists a huge opportunity for safe, hygienic and branded product as the the profitable future. Today’s consumer is technologically segment is growing by double digits which has got a huge well connected and understands the importance of value thrust from the pandemic outbreak. additions in food delivery systems. They are willing to pay The current study delved into the mind of new age consumers premium towards a good quality and hygienic chicken meat. with a changing mindset. Due to the change of consumer The same was reflected during the survey where a whooping mindset following the Covid-19, this study revealed that 70% of the respondents were ready to pay premium to the the future surely lies in branding, processing and adding tune of up to 30% of the normal cost of chicken. value to the produce. Today’s consumer is well connected and aware about the latest advancements and willing to try new products and services which satisfies the quality parameters. The need of a good quality protein is clearly established to improve the immunity and stay healthy. Thus, it becomes vital that poultry producers innovate and bring technological advancements and innovations in supply chain and production processes to connect with the consumers directly. For this, the integrators can directly get benefit from the organizations working on “Partners in Progress” model and has the expertise in planning and executing specified 74% RESPONDENTS VOUCHED FOR HOME DELIVERY OF programs including antibiotic reduction. NICELY PACKED BRANDED CHICKEN WITH GUARANTEE OF (Disclaimer: The views expressed by author are personal and QUALITY & TRACEABILITY does not endorse the view of company. Currently the author is working as Managing Director of EW Nutrition South Asia)

[email protected] Bacteriophages and their applications in poultry industry

Highlight Points

The poultry industry is one of the largest consumers of antibiotics globally. Owing to the risk of increasing antimicrobial resistance, The European Union banned the use of antibiotics in food producing animals. However, they continue to be in use in other parts of the world. The emergence of multidrug resistant bacteria has been a cause for concern in poultry producers across the world. In the light of this crisis, scientists across the world are working to utilize microbial warriors as alternatives for antibiotics.

Aditya Vashistha Regional Sales Head - North

The poultry industry is one of the largest consumers microbial warriors as alternatives for antibiotics. of antibiotics globally. Owing to the risk of increasing Bacteriophages are viruses that latch on to bacteria, replicate antimicrobial resistance, The European Union banned the and destroy them from within. They kill bacteria and other use of antibiotics in food producing animals. However, microbial pathogens, but have no adverse effect on humans. they continue to be in use in other parts of the world. The They are remarkable because they have co-evolved with emergence of multidrug resistant bacteria has been a cause bacteria, and every single bacterium has a phage opponent for concern in poultry producers across the world. In the light that can be turned against it. Phages outnumber bacteria of this crisis, scientists across the world are working to utilize by a ratio of 10 to 1, and also play an important role in September 2020 • POULTRY FORTUNE • 51

PF SEPTEMBER 2020 ISSUE.indd 51 15-09-2020 16:10:31 ARTICLE Bacteriophages and…

pathogen and E. Coli related infections are common among poultry of all ages and categories. Bacteriophages when used in combination with antibiotics, improved the effectiveness of colibacillosis treatments. • Clostridium – This gram positive bacterium is ubiquitous and a common inhabitant of the gut microbiota of chickens. Both types of the bacterium produce toxins that can cause necrotic enteritis, which is the most financially devastating diseases in poultry flocks. It can also cause foodborne diseases, making it a potential public health concern. The synergistic effect of lytic phages in combination with bacteriocin have been shown to significantly reduce the bacterial population. Phages as disinfectants recycling the carbon in bacteria. They have both preharvest From legal regulations to biosecurity strategies, a number and postharvest applications in poultry production, and of approaches have been suggested to reduce the bacterial bacteriophage preparations are becoming increasingly contamination in poultry facilities. Since the main source commonplace in the global market. of meat contamination is the flock, we need to reduce Treatment of Bacterial Infections their prevalence in chicken farms. Bacteriophage based disinfectants can be used as biosanitizers in farms, hatcheries, Excessive use of antibiotics to treat pathogenic bacteria and transport crates. They are effective in inhibiting bacterial not only increases antimicrobial resistance, but also can biofilm formation. Aerosol based sprays can also help prevent also affect intestinal microbiota, and cause dysbiosis, horizontal transmission of pathogens. In food processing immunosuppression, and secondary infections. plants, they can also be used to disinfect food contact Antibiotics Bacteriophage therapy surfaces, the skin of poultry carcasses, and in direct on-food Broad spectrum Strain specific application and food packaging. Adverse side effects No side effects Resistance is not just limited Resistance is specific to the to the target bacterium host bacterium Time consuming and Raid and inexpensive expensive development development process process • Campylobacter – This bacterium is commonly found in the gut of birds, on account of their conducive body temperature. Although chickens are carriers, they don’t exhibit any clinical signs. Studies have shown a high prevalence of campylobacter in both layers and broilers. Campylobacter phages can reduce their abundance without affecting the gut microbiota. As of now, there have been no reports of phage resistant Campylobacter. • Salmonella –The second most important zoonotic foodborne pathogen, salmonella infections can be Are they the future? grouped. The highest levels of salmonella positive samples Antibiotic resistance is a problem that is not addressed are found in laying hens, breeding hens and broilers. enough. Once you have two microorganisms in a particular Several outbreaks have been reported from India over group that is resistant to an antibiotic, they reproduce in a the years, and researchers have successfully isolated short time span, and soon you have a generation of bacteria antibiotic resistant profiles. Bafasal, a regulatory approved that are resistant to antibiotics. This makes bacteriophages feed additive developed by Proteon pharmaceuticals, has the perfect ammunition to aim in the direction of bacteria. a strong impact on food safety, with a high specificity For diseases that are caused by only one type of bacteria, towards Salmonella serovars, apart from improving feed page therapy is the perfect option. If the disease is caused conversion rate and reducing mortality. by more than one type, then we need a cocktail of phages • Escherichia coli – This gram-negative bacillus is a common that are specific to each of the infecting bacteria. While more inhabitant of the digestive tract of birds. Although most progress remains to be made on this front, this is going to be of the strains are non-pathogenic, certain pathogenic the area of focus as we move towards a post-antibiotic era in serotypes have been found to induce disease and cause poultry farming. mortality. It can act as both primary and secondary https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3644580/ 52 • POULTRY FORTUNE • September 2020

PF SEPTEMBER 2020 ISSUE.indd 52 15-09-2020 16:10:32 Srinivasa & Hy-Line… ARTICLE Srinivasa & Hy-Line holds First-ever  India   Technical School live Webinar     

           
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September 2020 • POULTRY FORTUNE • 53

PF SEPTEMBER 2020 ISSUE.indd 53 15-09-2020 16:10:32 ARTICLE Laboratory data… Laboratory data, its management and analysis

Avinash Bhat and Sabiha Kadari Trouw Nutrition India Private Limited

Information and data are collected in all sort of forms and measured signal. This parameter is only relevant with a all the time. Twenty first century is all about gathering the calibration curve. information and data. The data collected may become • Selectivity describes the influence of other components irrelevant, if it is not adequately processed. Unprocessed data on the measured signal. is an expenditure of time, money and manpower invested • Sensitivity describes the quantitative relationship between in collecting those, without yielding any conclusions that the analyte and the measured signal. could have been possibly drawn. Data collected, analyzed and interpreted in a proper way will give an insight of the • Robustness describes the effect of variation in the challenge and the associated solutions that can be offered. procedure on the measured signal. Laboratories are major sources of systematic information • Stability describes the change of concentration of an analyte over time, stored at specific conditions, such as and data. Laboratory data are of two types. First one is an temperature and pressure. Calculation of these parameters internal one which mainly deals with internal quality control requires analytical and statistical knowledge, and depends and management. Second one is the lab output data, like on the type of methodology utilized. analysis results or reports. Equipment: The equipment affects the quality of the analytical Internal data results produced. It is of primeimportance to ensure that A vast amount of internal information and data are generated equipment is working according to the specifications. For this due to implementation of robust quality management purpose, the laboratory should focus on regular maintenance system (QMS) that enables the laboratory to assure its and performance checks. The equipment logbook maintains quality. The QMS covers each aspect of the laboratory that all the records of maintenance, problems and results of could influence either directly or indirectly the integrity of the performed test for the equipment involved, the extent of use analytical results. of the equipment and names of the users. Standard operating procedures (SOP) need to be Control of the results: The routine lab activitiesare influenced documented and catalogued for each and every processes by random variations in the results introduced during starting from sample receipt; sample handling;analytical execution of a procedure. Therefore, the laboratory should procedures; procedures for equipment, chemical and lab- constantly check the quality of the results produced by the ware handling and management; traceability procedures; implementation of a first line of control procedure. The basic laboratory safety management. principle is to analyze a control standard within each batch of samples and use its result to judge the quality of the other Personnel management: Knowledge and skills of laboratory results in the batch. technical staff affect the quality of the results produced. To guarantee this aspect, the laboratory should be confident Shewhart-charts or control charts are most commonly used that the personnel involved are capable of conducting the to record these results, including acceptance criteria and methods correctly. relevant statistical information. These charts are very powerful tools for a continuous check on the quality of the results, Validation analysis results: The validation analysis will prove and also reflect changes in the performance of the method the principle of the method is correct. Validation is achieved over time. The data obtained by the control charts, however, by determining the following parameters delineating the only recognizes problems at batch level and is therefore not quality of the method: guaranteed to avoid errors in individual samples. For this • Limit of detection (LOD) and Limit of quantification (LOQ) purpose, it is advisable to conduct analyses in duplicate in are the lowest concentration that can be identified and the same (repeatable conditions) or different batches (intra- measured, respectively. laboratory reproducible conditions). Analyzing samples in different batches is statistically the best, but not always the • Accuracy describes the difference between the result most efficient approach. Quality of the results should also be found by the laboratory and the true value in a sample. monitored using set criteria for error percentages allowable • Precision describes the variation in the results found by the between duplicates for each sample type. laboratory in the same sample. Precision can be estimated Participation in collaborative trials (proficiency testing) at the same time and under the same conditions, which is and the analysis of Certified Reference Material (CRM) give repeatability, and at different times and conditions, which valuable information about the accuracy of the results of the is intra-laboratory reproducibility. laboratory. The results found in collaborative trials are mostly • Linearity describes the upper limit for which the evaluated by a z-score, which is calculated as the difference concentration shows a linear relationship with the between the found value and the average divided by the 54 • POULTRY FORTUNE • September 2020

PF SEPTEMBER 2020 ISSUE.indd 54 15-09-2020 16:10:32 Laboratory data… ARTICLE

overall standard deviation, and should be between -2 and It is originally designed to improve lab efficiency by +2. The z-score should be used to identify the presence of managing workflows relating to samples and associated systematic errors, and the determination of the uncertainty data. Nowadays, LIMS is being used in managing workflow, of measurement. record keeping and inventory management and thereby Traceability: Traceability of all activities in the laboratory is help standardize the operations, tests and procedures, while necessary to guarantee the quality of each individual result. providing controls to the process. To prove correct performance of the laboratory activity, all ELNs are the digital successors of paper-based laboratory vital information must be recorded and stored. A traceability notebooks, and are sufficiently secure and reliable to serve data should include following parameters - as reference in legal matters. Ideally, ELNs cover all events • Condition of sample on arrival accompanying a sample analysis, and an overview of all • Information about the control samples analyzed run experiments. Most ELNs allow a manual upload of the • All raw data produced representation of experimental data in some form (e.g. pdf • Name of laboratory technician for each analysis conducted files, spread sheet, text form), but fall short of handling • Identification of equipment used experimental data and metadata storage adequately. • Signature for acceptance and date the report is sent to A dedicated data repository is essential to adequately keep client vast laboratory data findable and accessible, with enough metadata to ensure its reusability. A flexible permissions • Any communication from the client. system is required to regulate user access, together with All critical factors should be traceable from the information search and filter functionalities for shifting through datasets. on the worksheet. If necessary, the laboratory can prove that It is very essential to gather the raw data comprehensively the technician was authorized to conduct this determination, with automated process directly from instruments. the equipment had the correct calibration status, calculation of results was correct, samples were connected to the first Calibration and other validation data should be filtered line of control, and the results were authorized by qualified out during routine search operations, yet available when personnel. It is essential that all of this information is available potentially needed. and stored correctly for a specified period by the laboratory. A comprehensive LIMS platform can be created with the The storage time for information depends on legal and integration of ELN and data repository systemin order to customer requirements, but, in general, a storage period of 5 allow a seamless management of whole laboratory system years is acceptable. and integration of automatically gathered measuring data Document Control: The quality control system requires a and manually entered protocols. great number of controlled official documents to describe all Bigdata aspects of the process. These documents have to be updated regularly and the organization must ensure that only the Individually the customer data may not be having any most recent version is available and in use by personnel. significance but collectively the data may reveal something unique. This is the way the concept of big data comes into Output data or report data picture. The primary aim of any laboratory is to generate the results or reports. A huge quantity of data aregenerated Concept of big data has been around for years; most in the process. The output data usually consists following organizations now understand that if they capture all the parameters - sample description, source, date of collection, data that flows into their businesses, they can apply data date of analysis and report, analysis method, result and analytics and provide back valuable insights to the industry. comment on the result. These output data can be classified Even as early as 1950s, businesses were using basic analytics into two different categories by means of manual examination to uncover insights and Results for customers – Usually this is the data generated by trends. commercial laboratories. The data generated are usually not New big data analytics brings about speed and efficiency structured. in business.Whereas a few years ago business would have Results for R & D – Usually generated by R & D centers, gathered information, and analyzed data conventionally to academic institutes. The data generated are usually more unearth the information to use for future decision. Today’s structured. big data analytics can identify the insights for immediate Laboratory data management decision. The ability to work faster and stay agile, gives the Laboratory data management is a challenging operation. organizations a competitive edge they did not have before. A successful modern laboratory data management needs Big data analytics helps organizations harness their data and robust management system, an electronic lab note book and use it to identify new opportunities. That, in turn, leads to apt data repository for internal data storage. customized solutions, more efficient operations and happier Current lab management platforms consists of Laboratory customers. Information Management Systems (LIMSs) and Electronic The big data analysis of laboratory data has helped in Laboratory Notebooks (ELNs). A third tool called Internal varied fields like weather forecasting, crop management, Data Repository (IDR) is emerging to store the vast amount management of diseases and epidemics in humans and of data generated. animals, mycotoxin risk management and precision feeding LIMS mainly focuses on managing the laboratory operations. in animal nutrition. September 2020 • POULTRY FORTUNE • 55

PF SEPTEMBER 2020 ISSUE.indd 55 15-09-2020 16:10:32 ARTICLE The importance of… The importance of exogenous enzymes in poultry production Phytase: Enzymes linked to the use of phytic acid WHAT ARE THE PROBLEMS THAT JUSTIFY THE USE OF ENZYMES IN POULTRY FARMING? Insufficient production of endogenous enzymes: Among monogastric animals, poultry and, especially young specimens, present insufficient endogenous enzymatic production that implies significant losses in the use of feed. The production of enzymes destined to degrading structures of the vegetable cell wall is null. The incorporation of What are ENZYMES ? exogenous enzymes destined to degrading the vegetable ENZYMES are molecules of protein origin that serve as fiber allows the use of the energy potential of rations rich in catalysts in biochemical reactions on specific substrates. grains, such as corn, soybean, wheat, barley and rye. In poultry nutrition, the enzymes of interest are those that intervene in the process of digestion of large or complex molecules transforming them into simple components that can be absorbed and used as nutrients by the animal. Enzymes can be endogenous, i.e. produced by the animal itself along the digestive tract. Poultry have deficiencies in the production of certain enzymes and about 15 to 25% of the Undigested food in the gizzard and intestine due to enzyme feed they eat cannot be used. It is currently estimated that deficiency. Source: Digital Veterinary Medicine 70% of production costs are linked to feed, so failure in the Anti-nutritional factors: Grain-rich rations contain high levels use of nutrients represent significant losses for the producer. of both soluble and insoluble fibres. These components Current genetic strains in poultry farming require diets with generate a heterogeneous intestinal content. This favours high protein and energy concentrations to ensure production an increase in viscosity and a greater predisposition to goals. It has been recommended that between 16 and 20% inflammatory processes, a reduction in the absorption of crude protein, according to the production phase, should surface, a slow down of the digestive transit and a greater be added to obtain the maximum cost-production benefits in energy investment in the digestion of nutrients associated broiler breeds. Energy contributions are between 3000 and with non-degradable structures. The incorporation of 3200 KcalEM/Kg. Enzyme production and function in each exogenous enzymes favours their catalysis and allows animal is of fundamental importance in the correct use of the the animal’s endogenous enzymes and microflora to take ration’s nutritional contributions. advantage of nutrients. A technological innovation applied today is the addition of exogenous enzymes to feed rations, that is, the incorporation to the animal of enzyme mixtures of external origin that allow a better use of nutrients. These enzymes are obtained from the culture of microorganisms such as fungi, yeasts and bacteria through fermentative processes. They can be incorporated into feed from additive formulations that guarantee their stability and correct functioning. Enzymes can be classified according to the substrate they react with. In the case of exogenous enzymes, there are four distinct groups: Presence of gels with increased intestinal content viscosity. Enzyme Carbohydrases: Enzymes related to the degradation of deficiency increases the amount of anti-nutritional factors and carbohydrates and associated with the use of energy from undigested, insoluble substances. Source: Digital Veterinary Medicine the ration, as well as the degradation of cell wall components Pathogenic microorganisms: The processes mentioned above, of plant structures. These include enzymes such as xylanases, accompanied by undigested feed in the intestine, promote glucanases and amylases. biochemical and pH changes that favour the proliferation Proteases: Enzymes related to the degradation of proteins of pathogenic microorganisms, especially Gram-negative and associated with the use of amino acids. Among them are bacteria and coccidia. The incorporation of exogenous enzymes such as pectinases. enzymes promotes a healthy intestine with a highly usable Lipases: Enzymes related to the degradation of lipids and homogeneous content. As a result, the prevalence of their nutritional use. digestive disorders tends to be reduced.

56 • POULTRY FORTUNE • September 2020

PF SEPTEMBER 2020 ISSUE.indd 56 15-09-2020 16:10:33 Technical Validation… ARTICLE

Intestine with undigested muscle mass and egg production. food and lesions compatible Increases the bioavailability of essential amino acids. with clostridiosis. Protease deficiency generates an Reinforces the enzymatic system of young animals. increase in undigested Eliminates anti-nutritional factors such as xylans and beta- proteins in the intestine glucans, reducing the frequency of diarrhea and digestive predisposing it to the disorders. proliferation of Clostridium perfringens. Source: Digital Reduces the probability of diseases caused by pathogens Veterinary Medicine that colonize the intestine. Production and Improves excrement and bedding quality, exerting a positive environmental impact on the health and welfare conditions of the animals in sustainability: Feed the production system. applied in intensive In studies carried out on broilers, MINERZIM has shown poultry systems usually substantial improvements in the conversion rate compared results in feces with high moisture, nitrogen and phosphorus to control groups without the incorporation of exogenous content. Beds with these characteristics are not well valued enzymes. Equal or higher final weights have been obtained environmentally and economically. The incorporation of in supplemented animals. This shows that the animals have exogenous enzymes promotes lower water intake and required less feed consumption, since they have made a higher efficiency in digestive processes. This generates more efficient use of the ration. Morbidity and mortality rates better quality in chicken droppings, a reduction of humidity have also improved in the supplemented group. The above- and nitrogenous substances in litter, while increasing animal mentioned effects translate into economic benefits for the comfort and welfare in the production system. producer. What is MINERZIM? CONCLUSION MINERZIM is an additive formulated on the basis of an The feed formulations currently implemented in poultry enzymatic mixture composed of carbohydrases and proteases, intended for poultry of all ages and production farming have been a real challenge for the producer. Poultry stages. The enzymes that compose MINERZIM exert a alone cannot take advantage of the nutritional potential of synergistic action during feed digestion, guaranteeing the the rations. The incorporation of exogenous enzymes as optimum performance of those formulations composed a supplement has proven to be an efficient alternative to mainly of raw materials such as corn, soya, wheat, barley and optimize the nutritional performance of the formulations rye. Its powder presentation allows the enzymes to be highly and prevent various conditions associated with poor feed stable and incorporated into pellet production processes. digestion. MINERZIM is a varied complex of enzymes of MINERZIM contributes to improving many aspects of poultry different categories that exert a synergistic and enhanced production: action on grain-based rations, mainly corn, wheat and soya. Allows for more than 15% utilization of formulations rich The use of MINERZIM contributes to improving multiple in grains. It increases the use of the energy potential and aspects linked to production performance, intestinal health, protein contribution of rations rich in grains to be invested in animal welfare and economic benefits linked to nutrition. Technical Validation of Protease: Arrowvet Pr 400

Dwipen Bhagawati Anthem Biosciences Pvt. Ltd, Bangalore, india

Highlight Points

There are altogether ten essential amino acids that need to be provided through feed. Synthetic essential amino acids available for use are only 3 to 4, therefore optimum degradation of feed protein will release remaining 6 amino acids. More of them if released will improve the feed efficiency to that extent. The results of using Arrowvet400 clearly serves this purpose resulting into 6 points improvement in FCR as compared to same feed as control without this enzyme. The observation of 6W feeding trial at commercial farm in large number of birds is described in this report.

September 2020 • POULTRY FORTUNE • 57

PF SEPTEMBER 2020 ISSUE.indd 57 15-09-2020 16:10:33 ARTICLE Technical Validation…

Introduction: gms / MT of Feed Use of external enzyme in feeds particularly for broilers Place of trial : Integration farm in South India (Bengaluru) is now been confirmed to improve the performance of Breed : Cobb 400 Y birds by complementing the activity of enzymes secreted Number of groups : Two by them. This is mainly because the rate of passing of food from broiler intestine is fast and the native enzymes alone Number of chicks/group: 3700 cannot complete the protein digestion. The feed enzymes, Average DOC wt. : 40 gram therefore play crucial role in enhancing the digestibility of Duration of trial : 42 days (First week to 6th week of age) feed improving the performance of birds. The amino acids, Experimental Group : particularly the essential one are obtained through the consumption of feeds containing protein. Ingested proteins • Control Group : Standard feed are broken down through digestion, which typically involves • Test Group : Standard feed along with inclusion denaturation of the protein through exposure to acid and of ArrowVet PR 400 hydrolysis by enzymes called Proteases into amino acids. Standard Feed Used/Formulation: Feed was formulated to Metabolites of amino acids thus formed are used in synthesis meet the standard specification for Cobb breed using Soya of body protein, immunoglobulin, nucleotides and various bean meal (SBM), Maize gluten as protein source and Maize, hormones. Excess amino acids are used for gluconeogenesis broken rice, rice polish as energy source. Feed was efficiently and enter Kreb’s cycle to generate energy that drives the mixed with vitamin mix, trace minerals coccidiostat, DCP and metabolism towards body growth. Use of protein as a fuel LSP as phosphorus and Calcium source. is particularly important under starvation conditions since it Methodology Followed: allows body proteins - particularly those found in muscle - to Two groups of birds are taken and marked as Test group and be used to support life. Control group. Test group was fed with the feed containing Objective: Arrow Vet PR 400 (Protease enzyme) at the suggested To study the effectiveness of Arrow Vet PR 400 (Protease) in dosage whereas the control group was fed with normal Poultry feeds. standard feed i.e. without ArrowVet PR 400. The trial was Scope of the Study: conducted on deep litter for six weeks under standard conditions of management Growth performance i.e. weight With regular increase in the cost of feed ingredients like gain, feed conversion ratio and mortality were recorded and Soya bean meal, Maize etc. use of enzymes like Proteases compiled for the birds for control and for the test group. has significance for efficient utilization of non-conventional feed protein sources. Efficient usage of Arrow Vet PR 400 Traits Recorded : 1. Body Weight 2. Feed Conversion Ratio 3. enables nutritionist to use economical non- conventional Survivability protein sources like canola meal, animal by-products etc.in Result (Test Group): feed formulations efficiently. Trial Observation (Summary): Summary of results in terms Product Used : ArrowVet PR 400 ( Protease enzyme) 400 of feed consumed and weight gained is given in table below.

Groups Chick in Chick out Mortality Feed Total wt. A. Weight A.FCR Test 3700 3500 5.30 % 13530 Kg 7675 Kg 2.19 Kg 1.76 Control 3700 3488 5.73 % 13640 Kg 7500 Kg 2.15 Kg 1.82

Key Observation: • From the above data it is clear that the group fed with ArrowVet PR 400 resulted in better weight gain in comparison to control group. • Feed efficiency (FCR) as expected in test group is significantly improved as compared to the control group. • Fair development and condition of plumage. • Mortality rate lower in test group. Conclusion: From the trial data, it can be concluded that ArrowVet PR 400 (Protease enzyme) is an ideal feed supplement for broiler feed. It enables customer to significantly reduce the cost of feed per Kg of bird. The effect is because of improvement in FCR an outcome of efficient conversion of protein in broiler intestine due to presence of the right protease enzyme, ArrowVet PR 400.

[email protected] 58 • POULTRY FORTUNE • September 2020

PF SEPTEMBER 2020 ISSUE.indd 58 15-09-2020 16:10:33 mg dosage… ARTICLE mg dosage can fetch millions

Dr Ram Moorthy . D Country Head - India. Zagro Singapore Pte. Ltd.

Exploring the creative options with 'time framed task’ that fitness vs performance. are within our control would be the assured keys for us to Yesteryears' birds were challenged for performance; emerge as the winners with profitable poultry farming. however today's birds are to achieve the time framed tasks Such ignited thinking is 'must & urgent' during current with performance underlined. pandemic situation and it's inter-related scenes, 'shuttling Hence, undoubtedly today's birds need that extra nutrition the market dynamics drastically. by all means Consistency -A great 'Y' factor Yesteryears' luxury Vitamins are today's essential & Poultry industry's today's challenge is not just feeding the mandatory tools quality feed ingredients but ensuring to feed the birds with Bench marking yesteryear's practice of adding/topping the similar quality ingredients with consistency. individual vitamins to the birds either as oral liquids or feed additives with today's supplementing composite vitamin premix through feed is incomparable and so the signs or symptoms of the deficiency of vitamins. These days it's very rare to find symptoms/signs of single vitamin deficiency in a poultry farm. However it's very common to notice the deficiencies of one or more (complexed and/or combination) vitamins especially stunted performance with unknown aetiologies. A brief review of general concepts with current scenario of Vitamin deficiency Vitamins General Topping/rich levels of Vita- concepts of mins in the feed to ensure the deficiency potential factors • Rich circulatory system avoids many respiratory Early embryo complications • Great antioxidant that Less - nutritive feed supplements - mortality A (poor hatch- enables the birds’ to Amazing BIOTECH tools (Retinol) ability) in combat many diseases Grossly, we concentrate into making top class feed breeders • Avoids Dermatitis& formulation with high quality feed ingredients for ensuring • Fatty liver • Prevents oxidation of lipids good numbered nutritional values. Leg weak- In addition, if we equally look for biotech options as less- especially linoleic acid – ness in one of the determining nutritive feed supplements' with exploring attitude, many broiler ways will be paved us for hassle free poultry farming. factors for great egg size, hatchability in females and Tiny tools yield huge benefits Egg yolk improved spermatogenesis Among the micro level ‘less-nutritive feed supplements' like quality in males Trace Minerals, Amino Acids, Vitamins and Choline etc., It • Improves Metabolizable can be always given top priority to Vitamins, because of their Blindness Energy (ME) by preventing important roles as 'supplements' start from the 1st hour of oxidation of fatty acids chicken till the end. • Strengthens shell quality Feeding the birds' the high quality vitamins consistently of the breeding eggs which is vital as they have many complexed roles to play in the D3 Leg weak- ensures even chicks growth metabolic pathways of protein, carbohydrate and fat etc. (Cholcal- ness due to • Avoids many factors and can ensure the farmer next level of farming. ciferol) poor calcium ‘associated with shell Such habits are like a vision to look forward beyond horizons. absorption defects Yo-Yo birds • Manure for great mineral Today's poultry birds are like 20-20 cricket match players in metabolism comparison to yesteryears' classic match cricket players for September 2020 • POULTRY FORTUNE • 59

PF SEPTEMBER 2020 ISSUE.indd 59 15-09-2020 16:10:33 ARTICLE mg dosage…

• Gears up mineral • Prevents E Immunity metabolism ensures quick • Fatty Liver Kidney (Tocoph- rejuvenation of hepatic cells Prevents Syndrome (FLKS) prevents chemical toxins’ erol) Biotin Dermatitis and • Foot pad Dermatitis damage improves Carbo- • Chronic feather loss • Prevents Fatty liver hydrate metab- leads to increased feed syndrome olism intake to meet the K Poor blood • Great reason for many calorie requirements metabolic functions clotting Deficiency • Improves Hatchability • Leads to Leukopenia B1 • Improves shell quality Folic Acid Helps RBC Pro- [reduced White Blood (Thia- Strengthens • Essential in the Glucose duction Cells – (WBC)] mine) nervous (Carbohydrate)metabolism • Rapid cell growth & system in formation of fatty acids tissue regeneration are • Ensures good Nervous affected. B2 Strengthens system prevents Curled Toe • Indirectly promotes (Ribofla- nervous sys- Paralysis (CTP) especially in Ascorbic Anti-oxidant protein metabolism vin) tem Prevents broiler Acid Improves Immu- • Promotes early sexual intestinal • Decreased egg production Vitamin C nity maturity especially in ulcer Prevents Scurvy male breeders Few common Vitamin Deficiencies Vitamins General con- Topping/rich levels of cepts of defi- Vitamins in the feed to en- ciency sure the potential factors B3 Promotes var- • Important for visceral (Niacin or ious metabolic organs growth that Nicotinic functions prevents retarded Acid) growth and leg weakness • Promotes methyl group transfer thus promotes B12 Promotes Car- protein metabolism; (Cyanoco- bohydrate & fat hence important for balamin) metabolisms rapid cell growth • Ensures RBC synthesis and prevents Anaemia & integrity of neurons

• Promotes Protein metabolism B6 (Pyri- Neurons (Ner- • Deficiency increases doxine) vous System) nitrogen excretion due Vitamins' inter-relationship Growth vitamins to incomplete protein Vitamins have strong interrelationship in their meta-bolism, metabolism which makes these wonderful composites' unique and their • This leads to ammonia bonding compliments one another as a composition complications and respiratory This interrelationship of vitamins plays an important role complications during their metabolism which has been proven with many • Ensures clinical studies. B5 Hatchability • Nerve fibre Hence, a balanced composition of vitamins is more Calcium regeneration appropriate and valuable than counting the individual D Pan- Promotes vari- • Increased hatchability vitamins alone. tothenic ous major meta- • Feather growth • For an example Calcium D Pantothenic Acid (CDP) & acid (CDP) bolic functions Cyanocobalamin (B 12) have interrelationship in their • Prevents Dermatitis metabolisms • Close relationship exists between B12 and Folic Acid. 60 • POULTRY FORTUNE • September 2020

PF SEPTEMBER 2020 ISSUE.indd 60 15-09-2020 16:10:34 Heat Stress and… ARTICLE

Vitamin Antagonists Many studies have proved that Sulpha drugs interact with Intestinal absorption of micro-nutrients plays crucial role in vitamins and can play anti-vitamin roles in GIT Hence, its equally important to use a good quality toxin chicken due to its short Gastro-Intestinal Tract (GIT). binder to get the best results out of vitamins and try to avoid Retarded, low quality Myco-Toxin binders present in the using sulpha drugs unless it's very essential. feed would play a 'negative role' in binding and destroying Quality – The X factor vitamins indirectly as 'Vitamin Antagonists' and directly by Supplementing quality vitamins with consistency certainly binding them in the GIT. can accelerate the farm economics at a regular phase. Conclusion With the above current factors, the equation of vitamins in the poultry feed needs a fresh approach today and this write up can be concluded with the following points. • Less-nutritive micro-nutrients' are great biotech tools for healthy farming • Composed vitamins the 'less-nutritive micro-nutrients' are more than feed supplements. They are great biotech tools for healthy farm economics • Composition and the combination of vitamins are more decisive factors than the numbers of one or other vitamins • Finally the 'composite vitamins' are more worthy and serious biotech tools than just glance them superficially as commodities of branded generics.

[email protected] Heat Stress and Egg Shell Quality in Poultry

Highlight Points

This article is about stress factor in poultry and various clinical signs and pathology of heat stress in poultry, effect of heat stress on egg shell quality, temperature and humidity index in commercial poultry farms, prevention and control of heat stress in poultry. Also discussed about the recommendations for minimizing heat stress in commercial poultry farms in respect to maintain egg shell quality.

Dr T. Prebavathy, Dr P. Amaravathi and Dr G. V. Bhaskar Reddy College of Veterinary Science, Sri Venkateswara Veterinary Univeristy, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India.

1. Introduction The laying hens are particularly susceptible to high The Indian poultry industry is stretched in a wide range temperatures accompanied by high humidity. As the birds of agro-climatic conditions, from hot humid in the coastal lack sweat glands, the cooling process is by rapid respiration region to extreme hot dry weather in central India. Many through open mouth. The reduced shell quality under heat parts of the country experience temperatures of 35-43°C stress, particularly in old layers increases the risk of egg shell from February to July and it will extend to August also. The breakage, contaminating the surrounding good quality eggs. ideal environmental temperature for layers is between 13- The shelf-life of the eggs thus contaminated gets reduced due 23°C. In summer months, heat stress is commonly observed to physico-chemical and microbial changes besides lowering and requires due care to avoid loss in production and body consumer acceptability. weight. The heat stress ultimately releases corticosterone 2. Clinical signs and reduces the efficiency of the flock. High temperature Growing birds show panting, drooping wings, prostration, above 30°C in the poultry sheds creates problem in adjusting reduced feed and increased water intake and poor growth. body temperature and ultimately disrupts the body output. September 2020 • POULTRY FORTUNE • 61

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There may be increased mortality, reduced egg production, Figure 01: Temperature and humidity index in Poultry egg weight, shell quality and poor shelf-life.In turkeys, heat stress is associated with high humidity or very low humidity on excessively hot days. The affected turkeys exhibit laboured breathing, excessive thirst, weakness, prostration, reduced growth and death. 3. Pathology On post-mortem, the affected birds exhibit haemorrhages on the abdominal fat. The breast muscles appear cooked or boiled up in appearance. The liver becomes fragile and fatty. Ovarian follicles are misshapen and haemorrhagic. General musculature appears dehydrated and shows congestion of viscera. 4. Effect of heat stress on egg shell quality During heat stress calcium intake is reduced as a direct consequence of reduced feed intake and this stimulates bone resorption and resulting in hyperphosphatemia. This inhibits the formation of calcium carbonate in the shell Heat stress in laying hens has a negative effect on egg gland of layers. Feeding the layers during morning makes efficiency, egg weight and egg quality traits. It is reported the nutrients unavailable to the birds, particularly calcium that there is a difference among lines in terms of tolerating for egg shell formation because the thermogenic effect of the effect of heat stress and that it is necessary to evaluate the genetic differences with regard to the response against feeding will last longer at high temperatures compared to heat stress. Many studies have been carried out in order to 20⁰C. Calcium requirement of a laying hen is 4 - 6 times that of decrease the effect of heat stress and to prevent the decrease a non-laying hen. The egg enters the shell-gland region of the in production traits. It is reported that egg production and oviduct and uterus the uterus 19 hours prior to oviposition, feed consumption gradually decreased when the drinking and the shell does not store calcium ions to attach on water of hens in heat stress was added with NaCl by 0.2 or protein matrix.During the last 15 hours of shell formation, 0.4% during the study. However the production traits calcium movement across the shell gland reaches a rate of returned to normal after the stress period and that the egg 100-150 mg/hr. Normal blood calcium level is about 20 - 30 production rate decreased in the control group with no mg/dl with a normal layer ration of 3.56% calcium or higher, supplementation. In another study, it was found that feed while layers on a 2% calcium diet, 30- 40% of the calcium is efficiency, egg production and Haugh unit values increased derived from bone. It is therefore important to have pullets, by adding vitamin E to the feeds of hens under stress. On the prior to lay, on a high level of calcium to store it on body. other hand, adding vitamin-E in different dosages to the diet has no positive effect on egg production. The addition of Intestinal absorption of calcium in the diet is about 40% when y-aminobutyric acid, aspirin and betain has been reported to the shell gland is inactive, but reaches 72% when active. This increase or improve albumen height, Haugh unit, egg time closely coincides with late afternoon or the dark hours production, feed efficiency, shell weight and shell thickness for the layer. Hyperthermia in birds causes panting and or egg shell breaking strength during heat stress period. respiratory alkalosis which leads to increased bicarbonate 5. Prevention and control loss through the kidney, resulting in direct competition The ideal method to alleviate the ill-effect of heat stress between kidney and uterus for bicarbonate ion, consequently would be to provide sufficient floor space. The birds should egg shell thickness is reduced. The concentration of carbonic be fed in the morning and evening hours. The feed should not anhydrase activity is reduced in the uterus thereby the be given during the time of high temperature. There should deposition of egg shell is impaired. Excess dietary chlorine be proper ventilation and provision of fans and coolers. decreases blood bicarbonate concentration which plays a Water must be always available in plenty. Feeding the birds pivotal role in egg shell calcification. Under heat stress more during evening time will provide a uniform supply of calcium blood is shunted to the peripheral tissues with concomitant required for proper egg shell formation. Provide extra reduction to the internal organs including oviduct, resulting calcium to older hens at the rate of 1g/bird in summer months. in poor shell quality and the ability to convert Vitamin D3 Carbonated drinking water can reduce heat stress in poultry. to its active forms is reduced in heat stress. Ascorbic acid is Dietary supplement and/or water supplementation of essential for synthesis of organic matrix of the egg shell. The bicarbonates (300-400g/100kg),Vitamin D3 or its metabolites capacity of birds to synthesize ascorbic acid is reduced during and potassium salts improves the shell quality during heat stress. More fat should be included in the diet and Vitamins heat stress. Heat stress favours fat deposition which in turn like Vitamin C,E,D, thiamine, riboflavin, pyridoxine, choline further aggravates the ill effects of heat stress. and cyanocobalamine and minerals and enzymes should

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be extra supplemented in the feed.Levels of lysine and production will consume 2,000 L per day during normal methionine should be increased in the feed. Debeaking and environmental temperatures. other managemental practices should be avoided in hot • Above 32°C water consumption can increase up to 50%. hours of day. Wetting the floors, walls, ceilings, and gunny • Ensure that water pipes are properly sized to prevent bag curtains will reduce the temperature inside the poultry water shortages bearing in mind peak demand. houses.The birds affected with heat stress should be dipped in water upto the level of neck and placed wet in front of • Water system management must ensure adequate a fan. Avoid direct sunrays in the shed when atmospheric pressure and volume of cool water throughout the length temperature exceeds 30⁰C. Provide glucose water to the of the building. chicks in stress condition. • ressure regulators and water filters need to be serviced 6. Recommendations for Minimizing Heat Stress in Caged regularly. Birds • It is advisable to flush water lines prior to anticipated heat a) Ventilation periods. • Provide a minimum of 3.5 L/s (7 cfm) per bird of exhaust • Check water flow and temperature gauges at the far ends fan capacity. This may require two air changes per minute of the building during the warmest part of the day. in a high-density cage house. • Water treatment with polyphosphates and/or chlorine may • Air inlets should be properly adjusted, especially when be necessary to prevent build up of iron-mush bacteria and using baffle boards, to achieve a uniform flow ofair mineral deposits. throughout the length of the building. Buildings with more • In most cases, water quality has a greater effect on than three rows of cages require inlets on both sides. equipment then upon the direct health of the birds. • Assess air movement in the shed with the use of a static c) Feed and Lighting pressure monitor. Problem sheds should be smoke tested. • During hot weather it is extremely important to monitor • Proper maintenance of exhaust fans requires inspection feed consumption daily, to ensure an adequate intake of and cleaning of shutters, adjusting belts, and proper hood nutrients on a per bird basis. placement to protect against wind gusts. Baffles, intakes, • Feed consumption is particularly important for the 24 to thermostats, motors, shutters and hoods should be 30 week old pullet. cleaned and adjusted on a regular basis. Up to a 50% loss of • Special feed formulations adopted for summer feeding. efficiency may result from poor maintenance of ventilation equipment. • Stirring existing feed within the trough by operating feed lines between feedings helps increase consumption. • Check belt drive fans for belt alignment and correct belt tension. Both too much and too little tension can reduce • Running the feeders early in the morning will stimulate fan performance and cause early belt failure. In addition, feed consumption during the cooler hours of the day. too much tension can cause bearing failure while too little • The lighting system time clocks should be set to come on tension can cause drive sheave failure. in the early morning, cooler hours, i.e. before 6:00 a.m. • Stand-by generators and alarm systems should be properly d) Egg Quality maintained and tested monthly with results recorded in a • Eggs should be collected more often and cooled down log book. immediately in a properly equipped egg storage room to • High-low temperature alarm systems should be set in the maintain internal egg quality. sensitive range so that the farm manager can react to • Extra care should be taken in handling the eggs in hot elevated temperatures quickly. weather, due to reduced shell quality. • Foggers and misters properly installed and maintained • In shallow pit operations producing liquid manure, arrange could reduce losses due to heat stress provided air changes clean-out immediately following egg pick up, to minimize occur as described in text. the effect of splashing. • Buildings should be properly insulated. New buildings should have R20 for walls and R28 for ceilings to reduce radiant heat gain. • Provide screened or perforated soffits and ridge ventilators for attic ventilation. • Grass and vegetation should be trimmed regularly especially on the air-inlet side of the building. • Wide open doors and inlets will cause the static pressure (negative pressure) to drop, resulting in a loss of air speed. Air speed aids in heat loss through convection. b) Water • Monitor water consumption. Ten thousand birds in full Courtesy: NECC September 2020 • POULTRY FORTUNE • 63

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PF SEPTEMBER 2020 ISSUE.indd 64 15-09-2020 16:10:35 September 2020 • POULTRY FORTUNE • 65

PF SEPTEMBER 2020 ISSUE.indd 65 15-09-2020 16:10:35 66 • POULTRY FORTUNE • September 2020

PF SEPTEMBER 2020 ISSUE.indd 66 15-09-2020 16:10:36 September 2020 • POULTRY FORTUNE • 67

PF SEPTEMBER 2020 ISSUE.indd 67 15-09-2020 16:10:36 Published on 8 September 2020 Date of Posting: 9 & 10 of Every Month Postal Regn. No. HD/1067/2018-2020

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