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I 44-CXP-B175 Improving Transportation in Hangzhou, China 44-CXP-B175 Improving Transportation in Hangzhou, China Through Citizen Feedback An Interactive Qualifying Project Report Submitted to the Faculty of WORCESTER POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science By: Michael Antonelli Rosanna Heidt Emily Kolaya Ryan O’Brien Report Submitted to: Prof. Wang Guofeng, Hangzhou Dianzi University Prof. Creighton Peet, WPI Prof. Katherine Foo, WPI Date: December 13, 2017 i Abstract Hangzhou’s transportation network fails to reach its full potential because transportation planners do not take into account citizen feedback through bottom-up planning. In order to determine major indicators of satisfaction, as advised by Hangzhou Dianzi University Dean of Sociology, Professor Wang Guofeng, our team conducted focus groups, interviews, and a survey with Hangzhou’s residents and transportation operators and managers. We found that increasing network compatibility among different transportation systems will target indicators reflecting low satisfaction, thereby increasing overall transportation satisfaction. ii Acknowledgments Our group would like to graciously thank the following organizations and individuals for their assistance and support throughout our project: ● Hangzhou Dianzi University (HDU) for providing us with a comfortable living space and a beautiful work environment during our stay. ● HDU Sociology Department Head, Wang Guofeng for sponsoring our project and providing resources and contacts to conduct questionnaires, focus groups, and interviews. ● Creighton Peet, our project advisor who aided and encouraged us to reach our goal by offering his extensive knowledge of previous studies and occasional Chinese language skills. ● Katherine Foo, our project advisor who guided us to improve the focus of the project and gave us insight on the current data analysis software available. ● 刘露 (LiuLu), 石雨菲 (ShiYufe), 刘柳 (LiuLiu), and 许芷瑜 (XuZhiyu), HDU sociology students, for assisting us in translation, questionnaire distribution, and helping us with daily life in China. ● Annie Kids and Kid Castle English language companies, for their assistance in distributing questionnaires. ● Worcester Polytechnic Institute for making this experience possible. ● Sophomore HDU sociology students for participating in our focus groups and assisting us with translation during some interviews. ● All of the focus group and interview participants who graciously answered our questions. iii Authorship Abstract ➢ Primary Author: WPI Team* Acknowledgements ➢ Primary Author: Emily Kolaya Table of Contents ➢ Primary Author: Ryan O’Brien Table of Figures ➢ Primary Author: Ryan O’Brien Table of Tables ➢ Primary Author: Ryan O’Brien Executive Summary ➢ Primary Author: Michael Antonelli ➢ Primary Editor: Rosie Heidt, Emily Kolaya & Ryan O’Brien Chapter 1: Intro ➢ Primary Author: Rosie Heidt ➢ Primary Editor: Rosie Heidt & Ryan O’Brien Chapter 2: BG ● Section 2.1 Defining Models of Satisfaction ○ Primary Author: Ryan O’Brien ○ Primary Editor: Rosie Heidt & Ryan O’Brien ● Section 2.2 Indicators of Transportation Satisfaction ○ Primary Author: Michael Antonelli ○ Primary Editor: Rosie Heidt & Ryan O’Brien ● Section 2.3 Transportation Satisfaction in Hangzhou, China ○ Primary Author: Rosie Heidt ○ Primary Editor: Rosie Heidt & Ryan O’Brien ● Section 2.4 Summary ○ Primary Author: Rosie Heidt & Ryan O’Brien ○ Primary Editor: Rosie Heidt & Ryan O’Brien Chapter 3: Methodology ➢ Primary Author: Rosie Heidt & Ryan O’Brien ➢ Primary Editor: Rosie Heidt & Ryan O’Brien iv Chapter 4: Results ➢ Primary Author: Michael Antonelli, Rosie Heidt, & Ryan O’Brien ➢ Primary Editor: Rosie Heidt & Ryan O’Brien Chapter 5: Conclusion ➢ Primary Author: WPI Team ➢ Primary Editor: WPI Team References ➢ Primary Author: Ryan O’Brien ➢ Primary Editor: Ryan O’Brien Appendix A: Sponsor Description ➢ Primary Author: Rosie Heidt ➢ Primary Editor: Michael Antonelli & Emily Kolaya Appendix B: Physical Inspection Protocol ➢ Primary Author: Rosie Heidt ➢ Primary Editor: Rosie Heidt Appendix C: Overview of Transportation in Hangzhou ➢ Primary Author: Rosie Heidt ➢ Primary Editor: Ryan O’Brien Appendix D: Focus Group Protocols ➢ Primary Author: Rosie Heidt ➢ Primary Editor: Rosie Heidt & Michael Antonelli Appendix E: Questionnaire Iterations ➢ Primary Author: WPI Team & HDU Colleagues** ➢ Primary Editor: WPI Team & HDU Colleagues Appendix F: Interview Protocols ➢ Primary Author: Rosie Heidt & Michael Antonelli ➢ Primary Editor: WPI Team Appendix G: Focus Group Transcripts ➢ Primary Author: Rosie Heidt & Emily Kolaya ➢ Primary Editor: Rosie Heidt Appendix H: Interview Transcripts ➢ Primary Author: Rosie Heidt & Ryan O’Brien ➢ Primary Editor: Rosie Heidt v Appendix I: Questionnaire Data Tables ➢ Primary Author: Ryan O’Brien *Includes Michael Antonelli, Rosie Heidt, Emily Kolaya, and Ryan O’Brien **Includes 刘露 (LiuLu), 石雨菲 (ShiYufe), 刘柳 (LiuLiu), and 许芷瑜 (XuZhiyu) vi Table of Contents Abstract ii Acknowledgments iii Authorship iv *Includes Michael Antonelli, Rosie Heidt, Emily Kolaya, and Ryan O’Brien vi Table of Contents vii Table of Figures x Table of Tables xi Executive Summary xii Chapter 1: Introduction 1 Chapter 2: Background 4 2.1 Defining Models of Satisfaction 4 2.2 Indicators of Transportation Satisfaction 6 2.3 Transportation Satisfaction in Hangzhou, China 9 2.4 Summary 11 Chapter 3: Methodology 12 3.1 Identifying Sectors of the Hangzhou Transportation System 12 3.1.1 Conducting a physical inspection 13 3.2 Determine Levels of Satisfaction in Hangzhou with Transportation 14 3.2.1 Conducting the focus groups 14 3.2.2 Surveying 16 3.2.3 Semi-Structured Interviews 18 3.3 Summary 18 Chapter 4: Results and Analysis 20 4.1 Incompatibility in Hangzhou’s Transportation Systems 20 4.1.1 Metro System and Bus Line Competition 21 4.1.2 Shared Bike Incompatibilities 27 4.1.3 Road Traffic Interactions 31 4.1.4 Water Transit 34 4.2 Compatibilities 35 4.2.1 Taxis and Didi Cars 35 vii 4.2.2 Hangzhou Transportation Cards 37 4.2.3 Bikes as Second Leg 38 4.2.4 Bus and Metro Compatibilities 40 4.3 Overview of Limitations and Considerations 40 Chapter 5: Conclusions and Recommendations 42 5.1 Compatible Metro and Bus System 42 5.2 Walkways and Bikes 43 5.3 Road Travel and Traffic Laws 44 5.4 Further Study 45 5.5 Summary 45 References 47 Appendix A: Sponsor Description 53 Appendix B: Physical Inspection Protocol 55 Appendix C: Overview of Transportation in Hangzhou 56 1. Metro 56 2. Water Transit 59 3. Buses 62 4. Shared Bikes 64 5. Hired Cars 66 Appendix D: Focus Group Protocols 68 Appendix D1: Focus Group Protocol Version 1 68 Appendix D2: Focus Group Protocol Version 2 70 Appendix E: Questionnaire Iterations 73 Appendix E1: Initial Questionnaire 73 Appendix E2: First Iteration 79 Appendix E3: Second Iteration 81 Appendix F: Interview Protocols 85 Appendix F1: Bus Driver Interview Questions: 85 Appendix F2: Bus Operator Interview Questions: 86 Appendix F3: Ofo Manager Interview Questions: 86 Appendix F4: Didi Taxi Driver Interview Questions: 86 Appendix F5: Taxi Driver Interview Questions: 87 Appendix G: Focus Group Transcripts 88 viii Appendix G1: Faculty Focus Group Transcript 88 Appendix G2: Student Focus Group Transcript 93 Appendix G3: Boye Focus Group Transcript 96 Appendix H: Interview Transcripts 100 Appendix H1: Didi Driver Interview Transcript 100 Appendix H2: Taxi Driver Interview Transcript 102 Appendix H3: Bus Driver and Operator Interview Transcript 104 Appendix H4: Ofo Worker Interview Transcript 106 Appendix I: Questionnaire Data Tables 108 ix Table of Figures Figure 1: Hangzhou Current Metro Map 22 Figure 2: Hangzhou Planned Metro Map 22 Figure 3: Metro vs Bus Weekly Use 23 Figure 4: Metro Speed Satisfaction 24 Figure 5: Bus Speed Satisfaction 24 Figure 6: Metro Crowdedness Satisfaction 25 Figure 7: Metro vs. Buses: Usage by Distance Traveled 26 Figure 8: Shared Bike Weekly Use 28 Figure 9: Shared Bike Overcrowding 29 Figure 10: Shared Bike Condition Satisfaction 30 Figure 11: Public Bike Station 31 Figure 12: Public Bike Quality Satisfaction 31 Figure 13: Car Parking Satisfaction 33 Figure 14: Car Traffic Satisfaction 34 Figure 15: Taxi Wait Time Satisfaction 36 Figure 16: Payment Method Usage Frequencies 38 Figure 17: Shared Bike Trip Distance Frequencies 39 Figure 18: HDU Hierarchy (HDU 2017) 54 Figure 19: Grand Canal Cruise Boat 61 Figure 20: Inside Grand Canal Cruise Boat 61 Figure 21: Hangzhou Bus Interior 63 Figure 22: Ofo Bikes in Walkway 63 Figure 23: Shared bikes in walkway 65 x Table of Tables Table 1: ‘Importance Factor’ of Indicators 6 Table 2: 1 km Travel Method Frequencies 108 Table 3: 2-5 km Travel Method Frequencies 108 Table 4: 6-10 km Travel Method Frequencies 109 Table 5: 10-25 km Travel Method Frequencies 109 Table 6: More Than 25 km Travel Method Frequencies 109 Table 7: Commute Travel Method Frequencies 110 Table 8: Leisure Travel Method Frequencies 110 Table 9: Bus Speed Satisfaction 110 Table 10: Bus Weekly Use Frequencies 111 Table 11: Metro Speed Satisfaction 111 Table 12: Metro Crowdedness Satisfaction 111 Table 13: Metro Weekly Use Frequencies 112 Table 14: Shared Bike Weekly Use Frequencies 112 Table 15: Shared Bike Condition Satisfaction 112 Table 16: App Taxi Speed Satisfaction 113 Table 17: Private Car Cost Satisfaction 113 Table 18: Private Car Traffic Satisfaction 113 Table 19: Private Car Parking Satisfaction 114 Table 20: Private Car Weekly Use Frequencies 114 xi Executive Summary Citizen satisfaction is integral to the successful planning and development of urban
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