Country Report Malaysia Natural Disaster Risk Assessment and Area Business Continuity Plan Formulation for Industrial Agglomerated Areas in the ASEAN Region March 2015 AHA CENTRE Japan International Cooperation Agency OYO International Corporation Mitsubishi Research Institute, Inc. CTI Engineering International Co., Ltd. Overview of the Country Basic Information of Malaysia 1), 2), 3) Country Name Long form : Malaysia Short form : - Capital Kuala Lumpur Area (km2) Total: 330,800 Land: 328,550 National Flag Inland Water: 2,250 Population 29,716,965 Population density(people/ km2 of land area) 90 Population growth (annual %) 1.6 Urban population (% of total) 73 Languages Malay (official language); Chinese; Tamil; English Ethnic Groups Malay (approx. 67%); Chinese (approx. 25%); Indian (approx.7% ) Religions Islam (61%); Buddhism (20%); Christianity (9.0%); Hinduism (6.0%); Confucianism/Daoism (1.0%) GDP (current US$) (billion) 312 GNI per capita, PPP (current international $) 22,460 GDP growth (annual %) 4.7 Agriculture, value added (% of GDP) 9 Industry, value added (% of GDP) 41 Services, etc., value added (% of GDP) 50 Brief Description The territory of Malaysia consists of two parts, which are the southern end of the Malay Peninsula and northern Borneo. The country shares borders with Thailand, Brunei, and Indonesia, and its territory on the southern edge of the Malay Peninsula is close to Singapore. Malaysia is one of the founding members of ASEAN (founded on August 8, 1967). Strengthening collaboration with ASEAN countries is one of the basic foreign policies of the country. Malaysia is a constitutional monarchy (adopts parliamentary democracy). Prime Minister Najib Razak is focusing on interethnic collaboration and administrative reform, and on economic reform with the aim of being on par with the developed countries. The country also adopts a policy to strengthen collaboration with Muslim countries as a basic direction for diplomacy. i Natural Hazards 71% of the total number of disasters was caused by floods followed by storm (14%) which affected 90% and 8% number of people, respectively. On the other hand, people were killed not only by floods (27%) and storm (38%) but also due to mass movement (wet and dry) (24%) and earthquake (11%) that attributed to 35% of the total death due to disasters. Flooding (65%) and earthquake (32%) are the two major causes of estimated damage cost. Though flooding, storm, and earthquake will be the major three disasters, mass movement (-wet, -dry) is also a noteworthy disaster that affects human life. Disaster Management System 4) References: 1) Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) website (2014): https://www.cia.gov (Accessed: October 15, 2014) 2) Ministry of Foreign Affairs website (2014): http://www.mofa.go.jp (Accessed: October 15, 2014) 3) The World Bank Data Bank website (2013): http://data.worldbank.org (Accessed: October 15, 2014) 4) A. Fakhru’s-Razi (date unknown): Disaster Management in Malaysia (Presentation Slide), p.36. ii Contents Overview of the Country Page 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................. 1 2. Natural Disaster Risks ............................................................................................ 2 2.1 Predominant Hazards ....................................................................................... 2 2.2 Flood ................................................................................................................. 4 2.3 Earthquake ....................................................................................................... 11 2.4 Tsunami ........................................................................................................... 15 2.5 Volcanoes ....................................................................................................... 19 2.6 Cyclone and Meteorological Hazards.............................................................. 22 2.7 Landslides ....................................................................................................... 29 3. Industrial Parks ..................................................................................................... 32 3.1 Distribution of Industrial Parks in Malaysia ...................................................... 32 3.2 Historical Evolution of Industrial Parks ............................................................ 34 3.3 Recent Trends and Japanese Investment ....................................................... 35 3.4 Risks of Natural Hazards ................................................................................ 36 4. Transport Infrastructure and Lifeline Utilities ......................................................... 39 4.1 Overview of Transport Infrastructure ............................................................... 39 4.2 Overview of Lifeline Utilities ............................................................................ 43 4.3 Natural Disasters and Infrastructure................................................................ 47 5. Legislative Systems .............................................................................................. 50 5.1 Legislative Systems for Disaster Management ............................................... 50 5.2 Regulations and Standards for Business Continuity Management ................. 51 5.3 Legislative Systems for the Environment and Pollution Control ...................... 51 5.4 Legislative Systems for Development including Land Use, Rivers, and Building Code in Malaysia ............................................................................... 52 6. Implementation of BCP ......................................................................................... 54 Appendix 1: Method for Evaluating Predominant Hazards ....................................... 55 Appendix 2: Data Sheets Outline of Existing Investigations and Studies ............... 57 Appendix 3: List of Industrial Parks in Malaysia........................................................ 79 Appendix 4: General Investment Risk of Malaysia ................................................... 91 iii Introduction 1. Introduction This report is the first version of the Country Report for Malaysia, which gives information on natural disaster risks of the country, industrial parks, major traffic infrastructure and lifeline utilities, and legislative systems relating to disaster management and business continuity. The country report is prepared as a reference document for individuals and organizations who are wishing to integrate disaster risk information for their decisions: such as investment to Malaysia, preparation of a business continuity plan (BCP) or disaster management plan of their organization, preparation of an Area Business Continuity Plan (Area BCP) of their area, and simply knowing natural disaster risks of their area. Information contained in this report is macroscopic covering the entire country at the same level. When detailed risk information is necessary, hazard and risk assessments for an area of interest are required. Since the country report was prepared with limited data and information as one of the components of the project1 of ASEAN Coordinating Centre for Humanitarian Assistance on Disaster Management (AHA Centre) and Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) with a limited data and information, a revision by national experts is required for further refinement. The following are reference documents prepared by the project of AHA Centre and JICA. 1. AHA Centre and JICA (2015): Planning Guide for Area Business Continuity, Area BCM Took Kits, Version 2. 2. AHA Centre and JICA (2015): The Country Reports; Brunei, Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Thailand, Singapore and Vietnam. 3. AHA Centre and JICA (2015): The Risk Profile Reports; Karawang and Bekasi of Indonesia, Cavite, Laguna and the Southern Part of Metropolitan Manila of the Philippines, and Haiphong of Vietnam. 1 Natural Disaster Risk Assessment and Area Business Continuity Plan Formulation for Industrial Agglomerated Areas in the ASEAN Region, AHA Centre and JICA, 2013 to 2015. 1 Country Report 2. Natural Disaster Risks 2.1 Predominant Hazards The records of natural disasters that have affected Malaysia are classified based on the impact and frequency of occurrence in Figure 2.1. Both “damage amount” and “number of deaths” are used to express the impact, and “number of disasters occurred during 1983 to 2012” is used to represent the frequency of occurrence. The impacts by landslide and flood are same with respect to fatalities. The maximum number of deaths caused by cyclone is same as that of landslides and floods, but frequency is low. Damage by tsunami was caused by the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami and no older events are recorded. Figure 2.1 can be used to see the relative level of risk of natural hazards in Malaysia according to their impacts and frequency of occurrence. Descriptions of each hazard are given from Section 2.2 to Section 2.7. Please note that the figure was prepared by the available existing information, and not all information relating to the impacts of disasters was included. Further collection of information and discussion among experts of Malaysia will be necessary to improve on the information represented in Figure 2.1. 2 Natural Disaster Risks Note: GDP-PPP, Gross domestic product based on purchasing-power-parity (PPP) valuation of country GDP, International Monetary Fund,