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Multidecadal and NA0 Related Variability in a Numerical Model of the North Atlantic Circulation
Multidecadal and NA0 related variability in a numerical model of the North Atlantic circulation Multidekadische und NA0 bezogene Variabilitäin einem numerischen Modell des Nordatlantiks Jennifer P. Brauch Ber. Polarforsch. Meeresforsch. 478 (2004) ISSN 1618 - 3193 Jennifer P. Brauch UVic Climate Modelling Research Group PO Box 3055, Victoria, BC, V8W 3P6, Canada http://climate.uvic.ca/ [email protected] Die vorliegende Arbeit ist die inhaltlich unverändert Fassung einer Dis- sertation, die 2003 im Fachbereich Physik/Elektrotechnik der Universitä Bremen vorgelegt wurde. Sie ist in elektronischer Form erhältlic unter http://elib.suub.uni-brernen.de/. Contents Zusammenfassung iii Abstract V 1 Introduction 1 2 Background 5 2.1 Main Characteristics of the Arctic and North Atlantic Ocean .... 5 2.1.1 Bathymetry ............................ 5 2.1.2 Major currents .......................... 7 2.1.3 Hydrography ........................... 8 2.1.4 Seaice ............................... 11 2.1.5 Convection ............................ 12 2.2 Variability ................................. 13 2.2.1 NA0 ................................ 13 2.2.2 Variability in the Arctic Mediterranean ............ 17 2.2.3 GSA ................................19 2.2.4 Oscillations in ocean models .................. 20 3 Model description 3.1 Ocean model ................................ 3.1.1 Equations ............................. 3.1.2 Setup ................................ 3.2 Sea Ice model ............................... 3.2.1 Equations ............................ -
Surface Currents Near the Greater and Lesser Antilles
SURFACE CURRENTS NEAR THE GREATER AND LESSER ANTILLES by C.P. DUNCAN rl, S.G. SCHLADOW1'1 and W.G. WILLIAMS SUMMARY The surface flow around the Greater and Lesser Antilles is shown to differ considerably from the widely accepted current system composed of the Caribbean Current and Antilles Current. The most prominent features deduced from dynamic topography are a flow from the north into the Caribbean near Puerto Rico and a permanent eastward-flowing counter-current in the Caribbean itself between Puerto Rico and Venezuela. Noticeably absent is the Antilles Current. A satellite-tracked buoy substantiates the slow southward flow into the Caribbean and the absence of the Antilles Current. INTRODUCTION Pilot Charts for the North Atlantic and the Caribbean Sea (Defense Mapping Agency, 1968) show westerly surface currents to the North and South of Puerto Rico. The Caribbean Current is presented as an uninterrupted flow which passes through the Caribbean Sea, Yucatan Straits, Gulf of Mexico, and Florida Straits to become the Gulf Stream. It is joined off the east coast of Florida by the Antilles Current which is shown as flowing westwards along the north coast of Puerto Rico and then north-westerly along the northern edge of the Bahamas (BOISVERT, 1967). These surface currents are depicted as extensions of the North Equatorial Current and the Guyana Current, and as forming part of the subtropical gyre. As might be expected in the absence of a western boundary, the flow is slow-moving, shallow and broad. This interpretation of the surface currents is also presented by WUST (1964) who employs the same set of ship’s drift observations as are used in the Pilot Charts. -
Transport Variability of the Deep Western Boundary Current and The
ARTICLE IN PRESS Deep-Sea Research I 51 (2004) 1397–1415 www.elsevier.com/locate/dsr Transport variabilityof the Deep Western BoundaryCurrent and the Antilles Current off Abaco Island, Bahamas Christopher S. Meinena,Ã, Silvia L. Garzolib, William E. Johnsc, MollyO. Baringer b aCooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, University of Miami, NOAA/AOML/PHOD, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami FL 33149, USA bAtlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Miami FL 33149, USA cRosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami FL 33149, USA Received 30 September 2003; received in revised form 6 July2004; accepted 15 July2004 Available online 15 September 2004 Abstract Hydrography is combined with 1-year-long Inverted Echo Sounder (IES) travel-time records and bottom pressure observations to estimate the Deep Western BoundaryCurrent (DWBC) transport east of Abaco Island, the Bahamas (near 26.51N); comparison of the results to a more traditional line of current meter moorings demonstrates that the IESs and pressure gauges, combined with hydrography, can accurately monitor the DWBC transport to within the accuracyof the current meter arrayestimate at this location. Between 800 and 4800 dbar, bounded bytwo IES moorings 82 km apart, the enclosed portion of the DWBC is shown to have a mean southward transport of about 25 Sv (1 Sv ¼ 106 m3 sÀ1) and a standard deviation of 23 Sv. The DWBC transport is primarilybarotropic (where barotropic is defined as the near-bottom velocityrather than the vertical average velocity);geostrophic transports relative to an assumed level of no motion do not accuratelyreflect the actual absolute transport variability(correlation coefficient is 0.30). -
The Sedimentology of Cay Sal Bank - an Incipiently Drowned Carbonate Platform
Nova Southeastern University NSUWorks HCNSO Student Theses and Dissertations HCNSO Student Work 4-30-2019 The edimeS ntology of Cay Sal Bank - an Incipiently Drowned Carbonate Platform Luis Ramirez [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd Part of the Geology Commons, Marine Biology Commons, and the Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology Commons Share Feedback About This Item NSUWorks Citation Luis Ramirez. 2019. The Sedimentology of Cay Sal Bank - an Incipiently Drowned Carbonate Platform. Master's thesis. Nova Southeastern University. Retrieved from NSUWorks, . (503) https://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/503. This Thesis is brought to you by the HCNSO Student Work at NSUWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in HCNSO Student Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of NSUWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Thesis of Luis Ramirez Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science M.S. Marine Environmental Sciences Nova Southeastern University Halmos College of Natural Sciences and Oceanography April 2019 Approved: Thesis Committee Major Professor: Sam Purkis, Ph.D Committee Member: Bernhard Riegl, Ph.D Committee Member: Robert Madden, Ph.D This thesis is available at NSUWorks: https://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/503 HALMOS COLLEGE OF NATURAL SCIENCES AND OCEANOGRAPHY The Sedimentology of Cay Sal Bank, an Incipiently Drowned Carbonate Platform By Luis F. Ramirez Submitted to the Faculty of Halmos College of Natural Sciences and Oceanography in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science with a specialty in: Marine Environmental Science Nova Southeastern University May 2019 Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Masters of Science: Marine Environmental Science Luis F. -
JAMES E. ANDREWS Department of Oceanography, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822 FRANCIS P
JAMES E. ANDREWS Department of Oceanography, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822 FRANCIS P. SHEPARD Geological Research Division, University of California, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California 92037 ROBERT J. HURLEY Institute of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, Florida Great Bahama Canyon ABSTRACT Recent surveys and sampling of the V-shaped rock, rounded cobbles, and boulders along their canyon that cuts into parts of the broad troughs axes, as well as ripple-marked sand to indicate the separating the Bahama Banks have given a greatly importance of currents moving along the canyon improved picture of this gigantic valley and the floor. Further evidence that erosion has at least processes operating to shape it. The canyon has kept the valleys open as the Bahama Banks grew two major branches, one following Northwest comes from the winding courses and the numerous Providence Channel and the other the Tongue of tributaries that descend the walls from the shallow the Ocean, which join 15 mi north of New Provi- Banks, particularly on the south side of Northwest dence Island, and continue seaward as a submarine Branch. The possibility that limestone solution has canyon with walls almost 3 mi high. These, so lar been important comes from the finding of more as we know, are the world's highest canyon walls depressions along Northwest Branch than in other (either submarine or subaenal), and the canyon submarine canyons of the world, and the discovery length, including the branch in Northwest Provi- ol caverns along the walls by observers during deep dence Channel, is at least 150 mi, exceeded only by dives into Tongue Branch in the Alvin and two submarine canyons in the Bering Sea. -
Transport, Potential Vorticity, and Current/Temperature Structure Across Northwest Providence and Santaren Channels and the Florida Current Off Cay Sal Bank
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 100, NO. C5, PAGES 8561-8569, MAY 15, 1995 Transport, potential vorticity, and current/temperature structure across Northwest Providence and Santaren Channels and the Florida Current off Cay Sal Bank Kevin D. Leaman,' PeterS. Vertes, 1 Larry P. Atkinson,2 Thomas N. Lee,' Peter Hamilton,3 and Evans WaddelP Abstract. Currents and temperatures were measured using Pegasus current profilers across Northwest Providence and Santaren Channels and across the Florida Current off Cay Sal Bank during four cruises from November 1990 to September 1991. On average, Northwest Providence (1.2 Sv) and Santaren (1.8 Sv) contribute about 3 Sv to the total Florida Current transport farther north (e.g., 27°N). Partitioning of transport into temperature layers shows that about one-half of this transport is of" 18°C" water (17°C-19.SOC); this can account for all of the "excess" 18°C water observed in previous experiments. This excess is thought to be injected into the 18°C layer in its region of formation in the northwestern North Atlantic Ocean. Due to its large thickness, potential vorticities in this layer in its area of formation are very low. In our data, lowest potential vorticities in this layer are found on the northern end of Northwest Providence Channel and are comparable to those observed on the eastern side of the Florida Current at 27°N. On average a low-potential-vorticity l8°C layer was not found in the Florida Current off Cay Sal Bank. 1. Introduction the Florida Current/Gulf Stream cross-stream structure was carried out using Pegasus profiler data at 27°N as well as at Because of its importance to the overall general circula 29°N and off Cape Hatteras [Leaman et al., 1989]. -
Geologic Framework and Petroleum Potential of the Atlantic Coastal Plain and Continental Shelf
GEOLOGIC FRAMEWORK AND PETROLEUM POTENTIAL OF THE ATLANTIC COASTAL PLAIN AND CONTINENTAL SHELF ^^^*mmm ^iTlfi".^- -"^ -|"CtS. V is-^K-i- GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 659 cV^i-i'^S^;-^, - >->"!*- -' *-'-__ ' ""^W^T^^'^rSV-t^^feijS GEOLOGIC FRAMEWORK AND PETROLEUM POTENTLY L OF THE ATLANTIC COASTAL PLAIN AND CONTINENTAL SHELF By JOHN C. MAHBR ABSTRACT less alined with a string of seamounts extending down the continental rise to the abyssal plain. The trends parallel to The Atlantic Coastal Plain and Continental Shelf of North the Appalachians terminate in Florida against a southeasterly America is represented by a belt of Mesozoic and Cenozoic magnetic trend thought by some to represent an extension of rocks, 150 'to 285 miles wide and 2,400 miles long, extending the Ouachita Mountain System. One large anomaly, known as from southern Florida to the Grand Banks of Newfoundland. the slope anomaly, parallels the edge of the .continental shelf This belt of Mesozoic and Cenozoic rocks encompasses an area north of Cape Fear and seemingly represents th** basement of about 400,000 to 450,000 square miles, more than three- ridge located previously by seismic methods. fourths of which is covered by the Atlantic Ocean. The volume Structural contours on the basement rocks, as drawn from of Mesozoic and Cenozoic rocks beneath the Atlantic Coastal outcrops, wells, and seismic data, parallel the Appalachian Plain and Continental Shelf exceeds 450,000 cubic miles, per Mountains except in North and South Carolina, where they haps by a considerable amount. More than one-half of this is bulge seaward around the Cape Fear arch, and in Florida, far enough seaward to contain marine source rocks in sufficient where the deeper contours follow the peninsula. -
Deep-Water Biogenic Sediment Off the Coast of Florida
Deep-Water Biogenic Sediment off the Coast of Florida by Claudio L. Zuccarelli A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of The Charles E. Schmidt College of Science In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science Florida Atlantic University Boca Raton, FL May 2017 Copyright 2017 by Claudio L. Zuccarelli ii Abstract Author: Claudio L. Zuccarelli Title: Deep-Water Biogenic Sediment off the Coast of Florida Institution: Florida Atlantic University Thesis Advisor: Dr. Anton Oleinik Degree: Master of Science Year: 2017 Biogenic “oozes” are pelagic sediments that are composed of > 30% carbonate microfossils and are estimated to cover about 50% of the ocean floor, which accounts for about 67% of calcium carbonate in oceanic surface sediments worldwide. These deposits exhibit diverse assemblages of planktonic microfossils and contribute significantly to the overall sediment supply and function of Florida’s deep-water regions. However, the composition and distribution of biogenic sediment deposits along these regions remains poorly documented. Seafloor surface sediments have been collected in situ via Johnson- Sea-Link I submersible along four of Florida’s deep-water regions during a joint research cruise between Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute (HBOI) and Florida Atlantic University (FAU). Sedimentological analyses of the taxonomy, species diversity, and sedimentation dynamics reveal a complex interconnected development system of Florida’s deep-water habitats. Results disclose characteristic microfossil assemblages of planktonic foraminiferal ooze off the South West Florida Shelf, a foraminiferal-pteropod ooze through the Straits iv of Florida, and pteropod ooze deposits off Florida’s east coast. The distribution of the biogenic ooze deposits is attributed to factors such as oceanographic surface production, surface and bottom currents, off-bank transport, and deep-water sediment drifts. -
Shallow Structure
IBRARY CO Atlantic Continental Shelf and Slope of the United States Shallow Structure GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 529·1 Atlantic Continental . r.. Shelf and Slope of The United States- Shallow Structure By ELAZAR UCHUPI GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 529-I Description of the subsurface morphology of the shelf and slop~ (continental terrace) ·and some speculations on the evolution of the sedimentary framework of the terrace UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON 1970 • UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR WALTER J. HICKEL, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY William T. Pecora, Director For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price $1 (paper cover) CONTENTS P11ge Pllge Abstract------------------------------------------- 11 Continental shelf from Cape lioa to Virginia___________ 113 Introduction---------------------~----------------- 1 Continental slope from· Georges Bank to Cape Hatteras_ 15 Acknowledgments _____________________________ _ 2 Continental shelf from Cape Hatteras to Cape Romain___ 19 Topographic setting ___________________ --- _____ ---- __ 2 Blake Plateau area__________________________________ 19 Methods of study __________________________________ _ 2 Straits of Florida ___________ :... _______________ :._______ 30 Scotian Shelf area _________________________________ _ 5 Geologic maP-------------------------------------- 31 5 Isopach maps_ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 Gulf of Maine and Bay of -
(Coryphaena Hippurus) in the Northeastern Caribbean
Fisheries Research 175 (2016) 24–34 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Fisheries Research journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/fishres Movement dynamics of dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus) in the northeastern Caribbean Sea: Evidence of seasonal re-entry into domestic and international fisheries throughout the western central Atlantic a,b,∗ a b Wessley Merten , Richard Appeldoorn , Donald Hammond a Department of Marine Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, PO Box 9000, Mayagüez, PR 00681, United States b Cooperative Science Services LLC, Dolphinfish Research Program, 961 Anchor Road, Charleston, SC 29412, United States a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: Distinct spatial variation and fisheries exchange routes for dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus) were Received 1 February 2015 resolved relative to the northeastern Caribbean Sea and U.S. east coast using conventional (n = 742; Received in revised form 26 May 2015 mean ± SD cm FL: 70.5 ± 15.2 cm FL) and pop-up satellite archival tags (n = 7; 117.6 ± 11.7 cm FL) Accepted 18 October 2015 from 2008 to 2014. All dolphinfish released in the northeastern Caribbean Sea moved westward ◦ ◦ (274.42 ± 21.06 ), but slower in the tropical Atlantic than Caribbean Sea, with a maximum straight- Keywords: line distance recorded between San Juan, Puerto Rico, and Charleston, South Carolina (1917.49 km); an Dolphinfish 180-day geolocation track was obtained connecting the South Atlantic Bight to the northern limits of Fisheries management Migration the Mona Passage. Two recaptures occurred within the Mona Passage from San Juan, Puerto Rico, and Mark-recapture St. -
An Introduction to the Oceanography, Geology, Biogeography, and Fisheries of the Tropical and Subtropical Western Central Atlantic
click for previous page Introduction 1 An Introduction to the Oceanography, Geology, Biogeography, and Fisheries of the Tropical and Subtropical Western Central Atlantic M.L. Smith, Center for Applied Biodiversity Science, Conservation International, Washington, DC, USA, K.E. Carpenter, Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA, R.W. Waller, Center for Applied Biodiversity Science, Conservation International, Washington, DC, USA his identification guide focuses on marine spe- lithospheric units, deep ocean basins separated Tcies occurring in the Western Central Atlantic by relatively shallow sills, and extensive systems Ocean including the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean of island platforms, offshore banks, and Sea; these waters collectively comprise FAO Fishing continental shelves (Figs 2,3). One consequence Area 31 (Fig. 1). The western parts of this area have of this geography is a fine-grained pattern of often been referred to as the “wider Caribbean Basin” biological diversification that adds up to the or, more recently, as the Intra-Americas Sea (e.g., greatest concentration of rare and endemic Mooers and Maul, 1998). The latter term draws atten- species in the Atlantic Ocean Basin. Of the 987 tion to the fact that marine waters lie at the heart of the fish species treated in detail in these volumes, Americas and that they constitute an American Medi- some 23% are rare or endemic to the study area. terranean that has played a key geopolitical role in the Such a high level of endemism stands in contrast development of the surrounding societies. to the widespread view that marine species characteristically have large geographic ranges In geographic terms, the Western Central and that they might therefore be buffered against Atlantic (WCA) is one of the most complex parts of the extinction. -
Bahamas Bibliography a List of Citations for Scientific, Engineering and Historical Articles Pertaining to the Bahama Islands
BAHAM AS BIBLIOGRAPHY A LIST OF CITATIONS FOR SCIENTIFIC, ENGINEERING AND HISTORICAL ARTICLES PERTAINING TO THE BAHAMA ISLANDS by CAROL FANG and W. HARRISON SPECIAL SCIENTIFIC REPORT NUMBER 56 of the VIRGINIA INSTITUTE OF MARINE SCIENCE Gloucester Point, Virginia 23062 '9 72 BAHAMAS BIBLIOGRAPHY A LIST OF CITATIONS FOR SCIENTIFIC, ENGINEERING AND HISTORICAL ARTICLES PERTAINING TO THE BAHAMA ISLANDS BY CAROL FANG AND W. HARRISON SPECIAL SCIENTIFIC REPORT NO. 56 1972 Virginia Institute of Marine Science Gloucester Point, Virginia 23062 William J. Hargis, Jr. Director TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ARCHAEOLOGY - ANTHROPOLOGY - HISTORY . • • . • . • • . • • 1 BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES . • • . • . • 4 GEOLOGICAL SCIENCES . • • • . • 23 OCEANOGRAPHY AND ENGINEERING . • • • . • . • . • • 38 iii INTRODUCTION Specialized bibliographies are sometimes needed in connection with the research studies being pursued at the Virginia Institute of Marine Science. The Bahamas Bibliography arose out of the needs of marine geologists, biologists and physical oceanographers engaged in studies of beaches, fishes and inlet currents in the Bahama Islands. Although the present bibliography may suffer from complete ness, it significantly surpasses in number of citations the only other known bibliography! of like kind. It should be noted that certain of the citations ~ight fit equally well under more than one of the subject headings used for grouping the references. The user would do well, therefore, to check similar headings when searching for references by general subjects. 1Boersma, Anne. 1968. Bibliography on the Bahama Islands. Mass. Inst. Technol. Exp. Astron. Lab. Rep. No. RN-37. 60 p. v ARCHAEOLOGY - ANTHROPOLOGY - HISTORY There are a great number of semi-popular histories and traveller's accounts that deal with the Bahamas and for these the interested reader should refer to Craton.