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CRUISE REPORT W-62 Scientific Activities Woods Hole - Guantanamo Bay - Montego Bay - Cozumel - Miami 03 February - 17 March 1982 R/V Westward Sea Education Association Woods Hole, Massachusetts SHIPBOARD DRAFT l' rI I l 1 i I· ,I ! f PREFACE The objective of this report is to compile the data collected on the sixty-second cruise of the research vessel Westward, which took place between 03 February and 17 March 1982. Included are the abstracts from 23 student projects completed and written during the cruise. Also included are data being incorporated in the long-term studies of SEA staff scientists and associated researchers. Much of the scientific success of the cruise was due to the skillful maneuvering of the ship (frequently against impossible head­ winds) by a talented Nautical Science staff. Captain Carl Chase not only kept us closer to our schedule than seemed conceivable, at times, he also livened our low moments with magic rhythms, waking music with the unlikeliest of tools. Chief Mate Gayle Biddle and Mates Phil Sachs and Art Pearson provided the navigation and seamanship needed to run arduous oceanographic stations at sea; Engineer Gregg Swanzey kept the engine room immaculate and was always ready to help with analytical instruments in the lab, Delicious - and often surprising - food arrived with consistency from Malinda Jones 1 s galley. Assistant Scientists Diane Eskenasy and Jim Koehler worked hard to keep the science program going. Diane extended her area of expertise beyond geology this trip and together with Jim provided very fine main­ tenance of lab and equipment, freeing me for coordination of the many stations required to accomplish the various research goals of students and scientists. Visiting Scientists Tim Rumage and Amelia Giordano both studied marine mammals, but from two entirely different perspectives. Tim was i on board to return to Navidad Bank to study and observe the humpback I whale; Amelia came to study dolphins. Tim was on the first leg, Amelia A 1 on the last, nicely balancing these aspects of our work. .. Also visiting were Harry Hart on the second leg and Ralph Parker on the last leg. Each contributed to the success of the cruise and to its value for each of us. I wish to thank the staff, the visitors, and certainly the students for their participation and for the invaluable contributions they all made to the cruise. Mary W. ·Farmer Chief Scientist W;..62 ii TABLE OF CONTENTS .. PREFACE • . • • • • • • . I • • • • • • • • • • • • I • • • • • • • • • i FIGURES AND TABLES . • , , . , , • • , , , • . • . • . • . , • . , , . v INTRODUCTION, •.••. , 0 1 Itinerary and cruise track 0 0 4 Ship 1 s complement, . 0 5 ANTILLES CURRENT STUDIES Introduction . I I I I I I I I I I . 0 6 A study of the Antilles Current-Sargasso Sea boundary (Edmonds) . • . 0 • • • • • .13 Measurements of the rate of flow and volume transport of the Antilles Current by geostrophic calculations (McKee). • . .15 An investigation of upwelling along the Bahama Banks in the region of the Antilles current Ccarle .) .......•17 BIOLOGICAL AND OTHER OCEANOGRAPHIC STUDIES Introduction . .18 An investigation into the community concept of microplankton (Murray-Brown) . • • • I I I I I I I I I I .20 Determination of the chlorophyll maximum layer within the Caribbean Sea (Farber) ..•. .22 zooplankton size distribution from Navidad Bank and the caribbean Sea (Underwood) .24 The possibility of a southerly breeding ground for Anguilla rostrata: An observational analysis (Patton) • 27 Mesopelagic fish comparison between the Antilles Current and the caribbean "channel" (Briggs) ... .29 Comparison of surface and midwater fish parasites (Mansfield) ....•...• .31 Comparison of sediments from the Great Bahama and Navidad Banks (Buehler) .....••.•..... .33 An investigation into, and an evaluation of, the use of photography aboard the R/V Westward (Skoglund). • 0 0 • 35 :i,.ii Figures (continued) 19. Distribution of pelagic tar relative to water movements and tanker routes in the region of the Caribbean and the Bahamas. 20. Current outlines showing probable path of transport of phyllosoma larvae captured on W-~2. 21. Surface temperatures throughout cruise W-62. Tq.bles 1. Itinerary and port stops for cruise W-62, 2. Ship's complement for cruise W-62. 3. Microplankton from Providence Channel, Antilles Current, and near Hispaniola. 4. Distribution of mesopelagic fish. 5. Comparison of parasites found on surface fish and on midwater f.;i:sh, 6. zooplankton characteristics as potential whale food on Navidad Bank co~pared to Arctic waters, 7, Flora and fauna found on tar, plastic, and Sargassum weed. 8. Calculation of .J;llaximur:n distance traveled and approximate age of phyllosoma larvae. 9. Summary of data on phyllosoma larvae (Benus Panulirus) collected on W-62, vi FIGURES AND TABLES Figures 1. Cruise track for W-62. 2. Reference map of stations done on cruise W-62. Procedures done at each station given in Appendix I. 3. Simplified general surface circulation pattern in the region of cruise W-62. 4. Bathythermograph profile across a slick in the Providence Channel. 5. Bathythermograph profile across the Providence Channel in March 1982. 6. A. Bathythermograph profile across the Antilles Current at latitude 26.0 N, February 1982. B. Bathythermograph profile across the Antilles current at latitude 24°30'N, October 1957. 7. A, Bathythermograph profile across the Antilles Current at longitide 69°30'W, February 1982. B. Bathythermograph profile across the Antilles Current at longitude 66°W, Winter 1954, 8, Boundaries of the Antilles Current at 26°N 1 based on density, temperature, salinity, and phosphate profiles, 9. Hydrocast and BT transect across the Antilles Current, showing the flow patterns of the current, 10, Hydrocast data from four stations in the Caribbean, showing a chlorophyll maximum at three stations. 11. zooplankton size fractions from the Caribbean and Navidad Bank. 12, Two possible spawning grounds for the American eel, Anguilla rostrada. 13. Percentage of foraminifera in sediment samples presented as a function of depth.• .. 14. Westward's track over Navidad Bank and whale sightings on the bank, 15. Dolphin sightings in the Bahamas and Caribbean. 16. Dolphin sightings in the Yucatan Channel and Florida Straits. 17. Pelagic bird sightings on W-62, v LONG-TERM STUDIES • . 3 6 .. Marine Mammal Distribution Distribution and behavior analysis of Megaptera novaengliae on Navidad Bank (Schembre and Pritchard) • • . 38 Food availability for the humpback whale (Megaptera novaengliae on Navidad Bank (Douglas, Jenkins, and Rosenthal) . 40 Distribution of dolphins in the Caribbean Sea (Carter) 42 Odonocete cetacean observations and distribution (Giordano) . • . 44 Pelagic Bird Distribution The relationship of productivity to seabird distribution in the Bahamas and the Caribbean (O'Neil and Jacobs) .•..... 47 Pelagic Tar Distribution Distribution of pelagic tar in the Southern Sargasso Sea, Northern Caribbean, and in the region windward of the Bahamas (MacFarlane) . • . • . • • . • . • 49 An investigation of pel~gic tar and Sargassurn communities, or, the case of the plastic knot (Maybank) ..•..••..•.• 51 Phyllosoma Larvae Transport of the larvae of the spiny lobster (Panulirus argus) (Bouchard) . 52 A study of the vertical migration of the phyllosoma larvae ot the spiny lobster in the Caribbean and the Antilles Current CO 1 Sullivan)_ . • . • . 54 Hourly Surface Temperatures . • • . • . • . • . 56 Cooperative Ship Weather Observation Program (NOAA) . 58 APPENDICES .. I. W-62 station summary, •.. 60 II, Bathythermograph summary, • . 62 p III, Hydrocast data •• . 64 IV. Bird sightings. 68 V. Tar distribution. 73 VI. Navidad Bankmarine mammal report 74 iv INTRODUCTION .. This cruise report provides a record of the scientific research activities conducted aboard the R/V Westward during the laboratory section of the Introduction to Marine Science course NS225 at Boston University. The cruise track (figures 1 and 2) was designed to study (.1) a major current that is part of the North Atlantic gyre circulation system, (2) a shallow bank that is part of the cal~ing grounds for the humpback whale, and (.3) the caribbean Sea. The ship's itinerary (.table 1) permitted W-62 participants direct access to tropical terrestrial and reef habitats in addition to the open ocean environment. cruise participants are listed in table 2. The major portion of research was accomplished through the design and execution of individual projects directed toward the topics listed as well as long-term studies conducted by SEA. These projects were completed while th.e students were still aboard, and the abstracts of their reports comprise the bulk of this volume. Research conducted during W-62 also represented the ongoing work of individuals and agencies that have extended their assistance to our students, Material reported here should not be excerpted or cited wi~hout written permission of the Chief Scientist. 1 ,. .,.. ._, . 10" tO" '"" "" roo ~rc~~~~ -~--" ~ \--- --- --l --+--- . - ~rQ" I I~. ~Yr :·. .J"""· I <I i ~ -- "/ ,.... , ...., ~ - . ----!'. z,. .. ,1 ' lT-----1 .,1 ,: ~'(\ '..---t I "1~----1----· ·I / ----L~ ..,...--""- '-"....! ~ ll rr '. I I \Al'O" ,., II ~~ N .._, ~_:._.. '-" "'' ~~~ , rI 3/2 3nl2'~ - . C?-=j:· . !i ..... I 0 L. ' tf;· lj, I -- I \) -. - ·•- -- ... ,: 0 - -·--- -·-- !'itt• -~ I a ~~ I 0 I b I· I \.~ J I I J" 'j A ...... ' D I~ ~ I """---1 \ I I ~- A ...-.<.:· .. ,"7'... I , .J; ____ -- ·-· I~ I -;f' .\j· ~~ 1~-~~ ~ ~ .. I ---r· L,-,. I r= ...-- .,. 80" ~· 70" 00' """ ·~· Figure 1. Cruise track for cruise W-62 of the R/V Westward. Circles and dates = noon position. ~ 'I) ~ 0 .. " 1<1" .,. ..,.. err 00" ,.,. T<J" ... r---=:~=z- ..,.. '!.·r! '- I~ ..( I I 3 111 12 . s 9 1:\ 6 oo :I . dD ~1 13 2 4. 7 8 0 .,1 - - ---JI. z•• ~·~ I 14 •• -~--:~:.. "\ 1 • Q16 :;I 0~46 'i 0•• 11 ··~. ·~~ _· . I,.----. , . r \, v ~3-1-----1 ·.. ~~·&;;20 I ~I ~~ i~ 3 38 3-- 34 32 C:::· 22019 Qqr 360 p0~30 l..J f. .. 4?) . 0 . ~~. CJ..:r~· ~- I ;.1 I • I"'" ~ •I ... i • 0 I rJ>:.· L.. 0 II, -- I \) !)",:- - ---.- ··- .
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  • Bahamas Bibliography a List of Citations for Scientific, Engineering and Historical Articles Pertaining to the Bahama Islands

    Bahamas Bibliography a List of Citations for Scientific, Engineering and Historical Articles Pertaining to the Bahama Islands

    BAHAM AS BIBLIOGRAPHY A LIST OF CITATIONS FOR SCIENTIFIC, ENGINEERING AND HISTORICAL ARTICLES PERTAINING TO THE BAHAMA ISLANDS by CAROL FANG and W. HARRISON SPECIAL SCIENTIFIC REPORT NUMBER 56 of the VIRGINIA INSTITUTE OF MARINE SCIENCE Gloucester Point, Virginia 23062 '9 72 BAHAMAS BIBLIOGRAPHY A LIST OF CITATIONS FOR SCIENTIFIC, ENGINEERING AND HISTORICAL ARTICLES PERTAINING TO THE BAHAMA ISLANDS BY CAROL FANG AND W. HARRISON SPECIAL SCIENTIFIC REPORT NO. 56 1972 Virginia Institute of Marine Science Gloucester Point, Virginia 23062 William J. Hargis, Jr. Director TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ARCHAEOLOGY - ANTHROPOLOGY - HISTORY . • • . • . • • . • • 1 BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES . • • . • . • 4 GEOLOGICAL SCIENCES . • • • . • 23 OCEANOGRAPHY AND ENGINEERING . • • • . • . • . • • 38 iii INTRODUCTION Specialized bibliographies are sometimes needed in connection with the research studies being pursued at the Virginia Institute of Marine Science. The Bahamas Bibliography arose out of the needs of marine geologists, biologists and physical oceanographers engaged in studies of beaches, fishes and inlet currents in the Bahama Islands. Although the present bibliography may suffer from complete­ ness, it significantly surpasses in number of citations the only other known bibliography! of like kind. It should be noted that certain of the citations ~ight fit equally well under more than one of the subject headings used for grouping the references. The user would do well, therefore, to check similar headings when searching for references by general subjects. 1Boersma, Anne. 1968. Bibliography on the Bahama Islands. Mass. Inst. Technol. Exp. Astron. Lab. Rep. No. RN-37. 60 p. v ARCHAEOLOGY - ANTHROPOLOGY - HISTORY There are a great number of semi-popular histories and traveller's accounts that deal with the Bahamas and for these the interested reader should refer to Craton.