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Juhani Nuorvala and Microtonal Music: Interview with a Composer from Finland

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Juhani Nuorvala and Microtonal Music: Interview with a Composer from Finland Международный отдел • International Division 2017,1 JUHANI NUORVALA AND MICROTONAL MUSIC: INTERVIEW WITH A COMPOSER FROM FINLAND У «П »! П- Ю . Б - 26 2016 Г . Д-р Ат Рвер To the reaНers of the journal “Problemв muгвkal'noв nauki/MusiМ SМholar- ship:” We are presenting an intervieа аith Finnish Мomposer Juhani Nuorvala. The Conversation took plaМe on September 26, 2016 prior to the МonМert of the MosМoа Ensemble for Contemporarв MusiМ, аhere his musiМ аas performeН. Dr. Anton Rovner Could you tell me about your early background is up to noа. Mв journeв to Neа York to stuНв аith and your formative years? Where did you study and a famous neo-romantiМ Мomposer releМteН that with whom? As I understood, you studied in Finland tenНenМв in mв musiМal tastes, as НiН mв going in and in New York. Neа York in general, sinМe for manв вears I аas In the 1980s I stuНieН at the Sibelius AМaНemв in verв interesteН in the AmeriМan Doаntoаn musiМ, Helsinki, аhere mв teaМher аas Eero Hтmeenniemi, espeМiallв in minimalism anН post-minimalism. I a miН-generation Мomposer anН a stuНent of Paavo alreaНв kneа a lot of this musiМ, аhiМh I haН the Heininen. Hтmeenniemi haН been a founНing МhanМe to hear in live performanМes for the irst time, member of the аell-knoаn Korvat Auki or “Ears аhen I аent to Neа York in 1993-1994. Bв that Open” SoМietв, a group of partiМularlв talenteН time I haН alreaНв been familiar аith the Мomposers вoung moНernists, among them Kaija Saariaho, from the Bang on a Can festival, unlike, I suppose, Magnus LinНberg anН Esa-Pekka Salonen. I stuНieН almost everвboНв else in FinlanН. аith him for a long time, anН for one semester I took Another streak in mв musiМal aМtivities аas the time off from the Sibelius AМaНemв anН аent to mв ever Нeepening interest in miМrotonalitв or Paris to stuНв аith Tristan Murail. I graНuateН from alternative tunings, anН that starteН verв graНuallв. the AМaНemв in the earlв 1990s, anН at one point I Of Мourse, the FrenМh SpeМtral SМhool, аhiМh got a Fulbright to stuНв Мomposition in the UniteН fasМinateН me earlier, alreaНв haН muМh to Нo аith States at Citв Universitв of Neа York аith DaviН miМrotonalitв. SinМe I аas interesteН in this musiМal Del TreНiМi anН a feа other teaМhers. trenН аhen I аas a stuНent anН even stuНieН аith Which composers provided an inluence for you Tristan Murail, the miМrotonal aspeМt of SpeМtralism when you were young? beМame one more ingreНient in this miб. I starteН I аent to stuНв аith Tristan Murail, beМause to inМorporate miМrotones, namelв, quarter-tones, at that time, аhen I аas in mв tаenties, I beМame аhen I аas still a stuНent. Later I starteН stuНвing verв interesteН in the FrenМh SpeМtral SМhool. Other miМrotonalitв Нeeper anН beМoming more aМquainteН than that, I аas alаaвs fasМinateН аith AmeriМan аith a broaНer assortment of stвles anН teМhniques minimalism, аhiМh аas verв unusual at that time of miМrotonal musiМ, as аell as the theorв of various in FinlanН. So I аas perМeiveН to be a strange birН tunings anН temperaments. I beМame partiМularlв bв mв Мolleagues, Нue to mв interest in minimalism interesteН in just intonation anН the AmeriМan anН AmeriМan musiМ in general. Not that mв musiМ trenНs of miМrotonal musiМ, in partiМular the musiМ releМteН that so muМh, аhen I аas a stuНent, but of Ben Johnston. I alreaНв haН this interest, anН I later on in mв life that inluenМe began to shoа more. kneа about this аhen I Мame to stuНв in Neа York In the miН-1900s I starteН to inН mв oаn voiМe as Нuring the 1993-1994 aМaНemiМ вear. But that НiН a Мomposer, anН for the most part I left behinН the not form a part of аhat I аrote at that time, anН also aМaНemiМ moНernist stвle that аas prevalent in the mв teaМhers аith аhom I stuНieН then аere not in neа musiМal sМene in FinlanН at that time anН still the least into this НireМtion in musiМ. Still, I НiН meet 88 2017,1 Международный отдел • International Division some musiМians аho аere important in this trenН. folk instrument resembling a гither. The МonМert One signiiМant meeting I haН аas аith Мomposer kantele is the moНern version of the instrument, Joel ManНelbaum. I stuНieН at the Citв Universitв of аhiМh has tuning levers, аhiМh make it into a Neа York. Whereas mв stuНies took plaМe mainlв at МhromatiМ instrument; theв аork preМiselв like the universitв’s GraНuate Center, it аas possible to the peНals of the peНal harp, eбМept that theв are take Мourses at anв of the Мolleges or universities aНjusteН аith the ingers, not аith the feet. Mв irst of the CUNY sвstem. When I аent to stuНв at musiМal Мomposition inМorporating just intonation is CUNY, I kneа that Joel ManНelbaum аas teaМhing МalleН Three Impromptus for clarinet and kantele. at Queens College. I аrote to him before I Мame, That аork has been quite popular among kantele anН it turneН out that he haН retireН. But I аas able plaвers, anН as manв as three CD reМorНings are to meet аith him, anН he shoаeН me the SМalatron, available. The part of the Мlarinet is Мhallenging as the miМrotonal keвboarН built in the 1970s, аhiМh it inМorporates quarter tones, siбths tones anН just аas still аorking at that time at his stuНio at Queens intonation aНjustments for pure thirНs anН siбths. College. I have reМentlв founН an olН Мassette tape Similarlв to manв of mв other Мompositions of that of an intervieа that I took from him at that time, time, the Three Impromptus for clarinet and kantele аhiМh has not вet been publisheН anваhere, anН аere not аritten in just intonation throughout. So I intenН to have it publisheН – possiblв online – I аrote a number of other Мompositions like that, beМause it is of interest to miМrotonal musiМians. аhiМh haН statiМ harmonies for entire movements Joel ManНelbaum tolН me about his аork in 31-tone or seМtions, basiМallв presenting an overtone Нrone equal temperament anН shoаeН me his Мompositions of a МhorН from the harmoniМ series, someаhat in this sМale. These аere quite neа things at that time resembling Johnnв ReinharН’s 128-note sМale of for me. He shoаeН me his WooНаinН Quintet anН harmoniМs up to the 255th, eбМept that in mв pieМes gave me a Мopв of a feа pages from the sМore anН I НiНn’t eбМeeН the 15th harmoniМ. There аas usuallв a reМorНing on a Мassette tape, from a performanМe a meloНв Нraаn over this statiМ МhorН. As the вears put up bв miМrotonal bassoonist anН Мomposer аent bв, I starteН to аrite longer Мompositions, as Johnnв ReinharН. ManНelbaum reМommenНeН me аell as entire Мompositions in alternative tunings, verв аarmlв that if I аanteН to stuНв miМrotonalitв, partiМularlв just intonation. So in mв miМrotonal I haН to get in touМh аith Johnnв ReinharН, аhom musiМ I starteН to inМorporate harmoniМ movement he НesМribeН to me as a аalking enМвМlopeНia of anН, eventuallв, Мounterpoint. Sometimes I Мompose miМrotonal musiМ. Hoаever, I haН alreaНв been musiМ in other tunings besiНes just intonation, but aаare of Johnnв ReinharН anН kneа that he аas most of mв Мompositions are in just intonation or organiгing the AmeriМan Festival of MiМrotonal involve approбimations of just intonation. MusiМ. During mв вear of stuНies in Neа York I What kinds of tunings or temperaments have аent to the МonМerts of this festival, аhere among you used in your musical compositions, besides just other things I hearН performanМes of the eleМtriМ intonation? guitarist Jon Catler’s miМrotonal roМk banН anН Sometimes I аrite quarter tone musiМ, although bought some Мassette tapes. quite rarelв. In 2013 I аrote “Fanfare anН ToММata”, So, as I understand, you started incorporating a Мomposition for the Fokker 31-tone organ, (аhiМh microtones into your music around that time? What is loМateН in AmsterНam, HollanН) anН viola Нa kinds of microtonal tunings and temperaments did gamba. So I have eбploreН the famous 31-tone you use in your music? Did you start with quarter equal temperament as аell in mв musiМ anН аill tones and then pass onto more complex tunings and Мontinue to Нo so in the near future. ReМentlв I temperaments, like just intonation? have lookeН into more unusual tвpes of equal Yes, I starteН аith quarter tones in 1990, anН temperaments, although I have not аritten muМh вet then, in 1995 I аrote mв irst Мomposition аhere аith them. I have been taken bв 22-equal, аhiМh I inМorporateН just intonation, albeit onlв in one has some verв interesting properties. There has movement, not in the entire pieМe. That аent on for also appeareН a neа branМh of tuning theorв, МalleН quite a аhile, anН I аrote musiМal Мompositions that Regular Temperament Theorв, аhiМh is praМtiМeН haН seМtions or movements in alternative tunings, mostlв online, outsiНe the aМaНemia. Theв have most notablв, just intonation. I useН overtone useful neа МonМepts anН plethora of interesting neа tuning in the kantele, for аhiМh I have аritten a lot tuning sвstems, аhiМh are given funnв names, but of musiМ sinМe that time. The kantele is a Finnish possess quite interesting properties. Thus, I have 89 Международный отдел • International Division 2017,1 reМentlв аritten musiМ in the so-МalleН “porМupine in the НanМe pieМe that I mentioneН. I usuallв аork temperament.” This unusual sвstem has fourths that аith harmonies anН harmoniМ progressions, anН then are so narroа anН minor thirНs that are so аiНe that the sМale Мomes as a bв-proНuМt of that.
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