DOCSLIB.ORG

A Geographical Analysis of Urban Land Transformation in Srinagar City

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Geographical Analysis of Urban Land Transformation in Srinagar City A GEOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS OF URBAN LAND TRANSFORMATION IN SRINAGAR CITY THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF Doctor of Philosophy IN GEOGRAPHY By ARSHAD AMIN Under the supervision of DR. SHAHAB FAZAL (Associate Professor) DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY ALIGARH, U.P. (INDIA) 2012 Dedicated to my grandfather Late. Mr. Abdul Salam Dar He would have loved to see this work Certificate This is to certify that Mr. Arshad Amin has completed Ph.D thesis entitled “A Geographical Analysis of Urban Land Transformation in Srinagar City” under my supervision. In my opinion it is fit for submission and evaluation. (Dr. Shahab Fazal) Acknowledgements Proclaim! And thy lord is most bountiful He who taught the use of pen Taught man that which he knew not! (Surah Alaq: 3-5, Al-Quran) All praise is to Allah, the most merciful and beneficial who has enabled me to carry out this work. After Allah it was the encouragement, love and moral support of my caring Mom and Dad which helped me in bringing this work to its final stage. I will be forever grateful to my supervisor Dr. Shahab Fazal, Associate professor, Department of Geography, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, for his erudite, scholastic and constructive guidance, sincere criticism, precious suggestions, constant inspirations and encouragement throughout the course of this study. I have sincere thanks for Prof. Farasat Ali Siddiqui, Chairman Department of Geography, Aligarh Muslim University for his kind cooperation in this work. I am much obliged to all the teachers of my Alma matter Tyndale Biscoe School with whose best wishes this work was accomplished. I acknowledge Loan sir who helped me wholeheartedly during the field survey. My sincere gratitude goes to the Officers and Staffs of the different government departments of Srinagar city especially Mr. Iftikhar Ahmad, Chief Town Planner. I convey my thanks to Mr. Manzoor Ahmad, Chief Sanitation Officer. I would like to thank my loving and perpetual caring brothers and sisters Mr. Humayun Rashid, Mr. Arif Amin, Mr. Asif Amin, Dr. Bassit Matto, Dr. Tieka Rashid, Mr. Ghulam Jeelani, Mr. Imran Khan, Mr. Ehsan Mehboob, Mr. Faizan Amin, Mr. Yawar Amin, Mr. Tauqeer, Miss Sabha Mehboob, Miss Fouzia Zahoor, Miss Saima Majid who as good friends were always willing to help and give their best suggestions from time to time. Besides them it was the tender love and affection of my nephew Hadi Jaan which cuddled my times of excessive work load. I remain very grateful to my loving friends Mr. Abdul Ghaffar, Mr. Suhail Shafi, Mr. Shamim Ahmad, Dr. Bilal Ahmad, Mr. Imran Khan, Mr Shamshad, Mr. Javed Alam, Mr. Mohammad Ali, Dr. Hilal Wani, Dr. Mohammad Akhter Ali, Mr. Mudasir, Dr. Miss Saleha Jamal and Miss Shabnam Khan. They were always supporting and encouraging me with their best wishes and timely help. Arshad Amin CONTENTS Page No. List of Figures i List of Tables ii List of Photo plates iii-iv INTRODUCTION 1-10 Overview Research Objectives. The Research Area and the Selected Case Study Sites. Data Sets and Methodology. Land Use/Land Cover and Land Transformation Mapping. Structure of the Thesis. CHAPTER–I STUDY AREA 11-46 1. Introduction 1.1 Location of Srinagar City 1.1.1 Physical profile of Srinagar city (a) Physiography (b) Geology (c) Climate (d) Drainage (e) Soils (f) Flora (g) Fauna 1.2. History and Development of Srinagar city 1.2.1 Historical background 1.2.2 Origin and growth of the city 1.2.3 Administrative development 1.2.4 Infrastructural development 1.2.5 Basic amenities and facilities 1.2.6 Transportation 1.3. Demographic profile of Srinagar city 1.3.1 Population and growth 1.3.2 Population density 1.3.3 Sex ratio 1.3.4 Literacy rate 1.4 Cultural profile of Srinagar city 1.4.1 Historic and religious monuments (a) Hazratbal Shrine. (b) Khanqah- i-Mualla (Shah Hamadan Mosque). (c) Hari Parbat/Koh-i-Maran fort. (d) Shah Hamzah or Makhdoom Sahib Shrine. (e) Shankaracharya Temple. (f) Dastgeer Sahib Shrine. (g) Chatti Padshahi Gurudwara. (h) Jama Masjid. (i) Aali Masjid. (j) Khanqah-i-Bulbul Shah. (k) No Masjid or Pathar Masjid. (l) Shergarhi. 1.5 Natural profile of Srinagar city 1.5.1 Water bodies and parks (a) Dal Lake. (b) Nigeen Lake. (c) Khushalsar and Bab-i-demb water bodies. (d) Dachigam National Park. 1.5.2 Gardens (a) Nishat Garden. (b) Shalimar Garden. (c) Chashma Shahi and Pari Mahal. 1.6 Economic profile of Srinagar city 1.6.1 Participation ratio 1.6.2 Occupational Pattern 1.6.3 Industry (a) Handloom and handicraft industry (i) Silk industry. (ii) Carpet-Making and Woolen Textile. (iii) Metal works. (b) Forest-based industries (i) Papier Machie. (ii) Sports goods industries. (c) Agro-based industries (i) Horticulture. (ii) Floriculture. (d) Tourism industry CHAPTER–II 47-59 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Urbanization. 2.2 Land use/land cover: concepts and development. 2.3 Land use/land cover change studies. 2.4 Land use/land cover change studies using remote sensing and GIS techniques. 2.5 Impact of land use/land cover change on environment. 2.5.1 Impact of land use/land cover change on water bodies. 2.5.2 Impact of land use/land cover change on biodiversity. CHAPTER–III 60-102 LAND USE/LAND COVER 3.1 Land 3.1.1 Basic functions of land. 3.1.2 Stress on land. 3.2 Urbanization in India. 3.3 Indian census definition of urban area. 3.4 Land Use and Land Cover. 3.5 Land Use/Land Cover change (LULCC) and definitions. 3.5.1 Residential. 3.5.2 Commercial. 3.5.3 Industrial. 3.5.4 Restricted Area. 3.5.5 Parks/Gardens & Playgrounds. 3.5.6 Vacant Land. 3.5.7 Agricultural Land 3.5.8 Plantation/Orchards. 3.5.9 Forest. 3.5.10 Barren. 3.5.11 Marshy Area. 3.5.12 Water body. 3.6 Data used. 3.7 Data Analysis. 3.7.1 Built-up classes (a) Residential (b) Scattered Settlements (c) Commercial (d) Industrial (e) Restricted area 3.7.2 Non built-up classes (a) Parks/gardens and Playgrounds (b) Vacant Land (c) Agricultural Land (d) Plantation/Orchards (e) Forest (f) Barren (g) Marshy Area. (h) Water body (i) Others (Educational, Governmental, Hospital, Religious) 3.7.3 Overview of land use/land cover of Srinagar city CHAPTER –IV 103-135 LAND TRANSFORMATION 4.1 Concept, definition and approaches of land transformation. 4.2 Land transformation in Srinagar city. 4.2.1 Residential 4.2.2 Scattered Settlement 4.2.3 Commercial 4.2.4 Industrial 4.2.5 Parks/gardens and Playgrounds 4.2.6 Restricted Area 4.2.7 Vacant Land 4.2.8 Agricultural land 4.2.9 Plantation/orchards 4.2.10 Forest 4.2.11 Barren 4.2.12 Marshy Area 4.2.13 Water body 4.2.14 Others (Educational, governmental, hospital & religious) 4.3 Features of land transformation in Srinagar city. CHAPTER–V 136-150 ACTORS OF LAND TRANSFORMATION 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Direct versus indirect causes of land transformation. 5.3 Role of actors and political ecology in land use issues. 5.4 Socio-political perspectives of land use. 5.5 Actors of land transformation operating in Srinagar city. 5.5.1 Institutional actors. (a) Government agencies and their activities in Srinagar city. (b) Government policies and their impact on land transformation in Srinagar city (c) Article 370 and its impact on the Land Transformation in Srinagar city. 5.5.2 Private actors. (a) Residents. (b) Farmers. (c) Boatman (Hanjis). (d) Entrepreneurs. (e) Property dealers. (f) Developers. 5.6 Evaluation of Actors of land transformation in Srinagar city. 5.6.1 Conflicts. 5.6.2 Alliances. 5.6.3 Strong actors. 5.6.4 Weak actors. 5.6.5 Beneficiaries. 5.6.6 Victims. CHAPTER–VI 151-186 CASE STUDIES 6.1. Overview 6.2. Case study sites. 6.2.1 Lal Chowk ward 6.2.2 Aalochi Bagh ward 6.2.3 Bemina ward 6.2.4 Soura ward 6.2.5 Chanpora ward 6.2.6 Hanji Localities CONCLUSION 187-197 BIBLIOGRAPHY 198-210 LIST OF FIGURES Page No. Figure 1.1 Location Map of Srinagar City. 12 Figure 1.2 Physiographic Map of Srinagar City. 13 Figure 1.3 Geological Map of Srinagar City. 15 Figure 1.4 Drainage Map of Srinagar City. 18 Figure 1.5 Municipal Ward Map of Srinagar City. 27 Figure 1.6 Population of Srinagar City (1901-2011). 32 Figure 1.7 Population Growth Rate of Srinagar City, (1901-2011). 33 Figure 3.1 Man Land Relationship. 61 Figure 3.2 Land use/Land Cover of Srinagar City-1971. 72 Figure 3.3 Land use/Land Cover of Srinagar City-2008. 73 Figure 3.4 Bar Diagram Showing Land use/Land Cover of Srinagar City (1971 & 2008). 76 Figure 3.5 Pie Diagram Showing Land use/Land Cover of Srinagar City-1971. 76(a) Figure 3.6 Pie Diagram Showing Land use/Land Cover of Srinagar City-2008. 76(a) Figure 3.7 Built–up Land of Srinagar City-1971. 77 Figure 3.8 Built–up Land of Srinagar City-2008. 78 Figure 3.9 Residential Land use of Srinagar City-2008. 80 Figure 3.10 Land use/Land cover Classes of Srinagar City-2008. 84 Figure 3.11 Land use/Land cover Classes of Srinagar City-2008. 91 Figure 3.12 Agricultural Land use of Srinagar City-2008. 92 Figure 3.13 Plantation/Orchard Land use of Srinagar City-2008. 95 Figure 3.14 Water Bodies of Srinagar City-2008.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Tulip Garden of Srinagar
    Tulip garden of Srinagar March 27, 2021 In News: Asia’s largest tulip garden overlooking the famous Dal Lake in the summer capital of Jammu and Kashmir was thrown open to the public on Thursday 23, 2021, marking the beginning of the new tourism season in the valley. About Tulip garden of Srinagar Formerly known as Siraj Bagh, the Indira Gandhi Memorial Tulip Garden was opened in 2008 by then chief minister of erstwhile Jammu and Kashmir state Ghulam Nabi Azad. The idea of the garden, spread over 30 hectares in the foothills of snow-clad Zabarwan range. Tulip Garden Festival in Srinagar where nearly 15 lakh flowers of more than 64 varieties.Apart from tulips, many other species of flowers – hyacinths, daffodils and ranunculus have been added. Garden is built on a sloping ground in a terraced fashion consisting of seven terraces. Tulip festival: Annual celebration that aims to showcase the range of flowers in the garden as a part of tourism efforts by the Government of Jammu and Kashmir. It is organized during the onset of spring season in Kashmir valley. About Zabarwan Range Sub-mountain range between Pir Panjal and Great Himalayan Range. Located in the central part of the Kashmir Valley. The Highest Peak of this range is Mahadev Peak at 13,013 feet (3,966 m). The Shankaracharya Temple is built on the edge of the central part of the Zabarwan Range. Dachigam National Park: Main feature of the range.Park holds the last viable population of Kashmir stag (Hangul), Park also has the largest population of black bear in Asia.
    [Show full text]
  • Three Hitherto Unreported Macro-Fungi from Kashmir Himalaya
    Pak. J. Bot., 44(6): 2111-2115, 2012. THREE HITHERTO UNREPORTED MACRO-FUNGI FROM KASHMIR HIMALAYA SHAUKET AHMED PALA*, ABDUL HAMID WANI, ROUF HAMZA BODA AND RIYAZ AHMED MIR Section of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Hazratbal-190006. *Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected] Abstract The Himalayan state, Jammu and Kashmir due to its climate ranging from tropical deciduous forests to temperate and coniferous forests provides congenial habitat for the growth of diverse macro fungal species which in turn gives it the status of ‘hub’ of macro-fungal species. The macro fungal species richness of the state is directly related to its expansive forest communities and diverse weather patterns, but all the regions of the state have not been extensively surveyed till now. In this backdrop, a systematic survey for exploration and inventorization of macro fungal species of Western Kashmir Himalaya was undertaken during the year 2009 and 2010, which in turn resulted identification of the three species viz., Thelephora caryophyllea (Schaeff.) Pers., Coltricia cinnamomea (Pers.) Murr., and Guepinia helvelloides Fr. as new reports from the Kashmir. These species were identified on the basis of macro and microscopic characters and also the aid of taxonomic keys, field manuals, mushroom herbaria and help from expert taxonomists in the related field was taken into account. Introduction et al., 2010). The present communication describes the general distribution, brief morphological description, Since the dawn of civilizations, mushrooms have macro and microscopic details and edibility of three been fascinating man due to their unusual characters like newly reported species of macro-fungi from Kashmir sudden appearance in isolated places in groups, rings and Himalaya.
    [Show full text]
  • B.A. 6Th Semester Unit IV Geography of Jammu and Kashmir
    B.A. 6th Semester Unit IV Geography of Jammu and Kashmir Introduction The state of Jammu and Kashmir constitutes northern most extremity of India and is situated between 32o 17′ to 36o 58′ north latitude and 37o 26′ to 80o 30′ east longitude. It falls in the great northwestern complex of the Himalayan Ranges with marked relief variation, snow- capped summits, antecedent drainage, complex geological structure and rich temperate flora and fauna. The state is 640 km in length from north to south and 480 km from east to west. It consists of the territories of Jammu, Kashmir, Ladakh and Gilgit and is divided among three Asian sovereign states of India, Pakistan and China. The total area of the State is 222,236 km2 comprising 6.93 per cent of the total area of the Indian territory including 78,114 km2 under the occupation of Pakistan and 42,685 km2 under China. The cultural landscape of the state represents a zone of convergence and diffusion of mainly three religio-cultural realms namely Muslims, Hindus and Buddhists. The population of Hindus is predominant in Jammu division, Muslims are in majority in Kashmir division while Buddhists are in majority in Ladakh division. Jammu is the winter capital while Srinagar is the summer capital of the state for a period of six months each. The state constitutes 6.76 percent share of India's total geographical area and 41.83 per cent share of Indian Himalayan Region (Nandy, et al. 2001). It ranks 6th in area and 17th in population among states and union territories of India while it is the most populated state of Indian Himalayan Region constituting 25.33 per cent of its total population.
    [Show full text]
  • Jammu and Kashmir University Prospectus.Pdf
    Vision To be a world class university committed to create and disseminate knowledge for human development and welfare. Mission To create intellectually stimulating environment, promote excellence in teaching, research and extension activities and facilitate academic freedom, diversity and harmony. 1 Prospectus 2014 UNIVERSITY OF KASHMIR Special Convocation held to confer Degree of Doctor of Science (Honoris Causa) upon Professor Goverdhan Mehta, FRS an Eminent Scientist Prospectus 2014 2 UNIVERSITY OF KASHMIR Message from the Vice-Chancellor The University is a place where the intellectual stimulating environment with open ended and free flow of academic and professional enquiry, co-curricular and extracurricular activities exists for overall personality development of the individuals. At University of Kashmir we have been transforming the education system to meet the emerging challenges of access, equity and quality. The objective is to produce highly skilled and knowledgeable human capital and meet the societal commitments. The focus is on developing adequate infrastructure and requisite environment for imparting broad-based and holistic education and conducting cutting-edge research across the pure sciences, social sciences and humanities. The concerted efforts are on to transform our University into a world class institution of higher learning. The University has an excellent core faculty and a high profile visiting faculty from the premier institutions of the country and even from the corporate world. The emphasis is on strengthening industry-academia linkages across all aspects of the education value chain, from curricula and faculty to infrastructure, research and placements. We have signed MOUs with many leading Universities and research institutions from within and outside the country and some are in the process of being signed.
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity and Abundance of Zooplankton in Nigeen Lake of Kashmir Himalaya
    Provided for non-commerci al research and education use. Vol. 7 No. 2 (2015) Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences is the official English language journal of the Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences, Department of Entomology , Faculty of Sciences Ain Shams University . The Journal publishes original research papers and reviews from any zoological discipline or from directly allied fields in ecology, behavioral biology, physiology, biochemistry, www.eajbs.eg.net Citation: Egypt. Acad. J. Biolog. Sci. (B. Zoology) Vol. 7(2)pp39-50 (2015) Egypt. Acad. J. Biolog. Sci., 7(2): 39- 50 (2015) Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences B. Zoology ISSN: 2090 – 0759 www.eajbs.eg.net Diversity and Abundance of Zooplankton in Nigeen Lake of Kashmir Himalaya Asma Jan1, Ashok K. Pandit1and Javaid Ahmad Shah2* 1- P.G. Department of Environmental Science, University of Kashmir, Srinagar-190006, J&K, India 2- Centre of Research for Development University of Kashmir, Srinagar-190006, J&K, India *Corresponding author email: [email protected] ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article History The present study was carried out on zooplankton Received:13/10/2015 community of the Nigeen lake from June 2014- November Accepted: 31/11/2015 _________________ 2014. During the study period, a total of 25 taxa of Keywords: zooplankton were recorded of which Cladocera constituted Nigeen lake the most dominating group represented by 12 taxa, Rotifera Zooplankton contributed 10 taxa and Copepoda was the least represented Diversity group registering only 3 taxa. Numerically, Cladocera was Rotifera Cladocera the dominant group throughout the study period both in Copepoda terms of density and diversity. Though 25 zooplankton taxa were identified in the Nigeen lake yet, only few like Alona sp., Alonella sp., Chydorus sp., Bosmina sp., Graptoleberis sp., Brachionus sp., Cephalodella sp.
    [Show full text]
  • Foreign Envoys Spend a Day in Kashmir Valley
    th 24 Thursday 18 Februay | 05 Rajab | 1442 Hijri | Vol:24 | Issue: 40 | Pages:12 | Price: `3 www.kashmirobserver.net twitter.com / kashmirobserver facebook.com/kashmirobserver Postal Regn: L/159/KO/SK/2014-2016 5 NEWS 7 NAMES THAT 11 SPORTS BUKHARI SPEWS VENOM DID NOT CLICK ‘They Should STop Moaning’ K Naming and renaming places and AGAINST MEHBOOBA N NASSER HUSSAIN IDENTIFIES old or new infrastructure by a HI England’S ‘BiggeST ISSue’ IN INDIA J&K Apni Party chief Syed Altaf Bukhari spewed T government is a common practice venom against the PDP chief and his ex boss all over the world. However, it is not England need not moan about the condition of Indian Mehbooba Mufti by calling her a “thief”, stating... always that these officially assigned.... pitches and instead rectify inconsistency in their... Widom Youth Shot At, Injured In High A proof once IAF Proposes established is better Security Zone left so. Closure Of Jammu — Mark Twain Observer News Service SRINAGAR: Suspected militants Airport For 15 Days shot at and injured a youth in an audacious attack in the high security zone Sonwar here on Wednesday setting off alarms bells ringing in the security Three OGWs establishment. Arrested In Tral: Police 22-year-old Akash Mehra of SRINAGAR: Police on Wednesday Janipora Jammu was critically in- claimed to have arrested three Over jured when suspected militants Ground Workers (OGWs) of Hizb- fired upon him near a dhaba in the ul-Mujahideen outfit in Tral area of high security zone Sonwar area of South Kashmir’s Awantipora.
    [Show full text]
  • Directory of Lakes and Waterbodies of J&K State Using Remote Sensing
    DIRECTORY OF LAKES AND WATERBODIES OF J&K STATE Using Remote Sensing & GIS Technology Dr.Hanifa Nasim Dr.Tasneem Keng DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AND REMOTE SENSING SDA COLONY BEMINA SRINAGAR / PARYAWARAN BHAWAN, FOREST COMPLEX, JAMMU Email: [email protected]. DOCUMENT CONTROL SHEET Title of the project DIRECTORY OF LAKES AND WATERBODIES OF JAMMU AND KASHMIR Funding Agency GOVERNMENT OF JAMMU AND KASHMIR. Originating Unit Department of Environment and Remote Sensing, J&K Govt. Project Co-ordinator Director Department of Environment and Remote Sensing,J&K Govt. Principal Investigator Dr. Hanifa Nasim Jr. Scientist Department of Environment and Remote Sensing, J&K Govt. Co-Investigator Dr. Tasneem Keng Scientific Asst. Department of Environment and Remote Sensing, J&K Govt. Document Type Restricted Project Team Mudasir Ashraf Dar. Maheen Khan. Aijaz Misger. Ikhlaq Ahmad. Documentation Mudasir Ashraf. Acknowledgement Lakes and Water bodies are one of the most important natural resources of our State. Apart from being most valuable natural habitat for number of flora and fauna, these lakes and Water bodies are the life line for number of communities of our state. No systematic scientific study for monitoring and planning of these lakes and water bodies was carried out and more than 90%of our lakes and water bodies are till date neglected altogether. The department realized the need of creating the first hand information long back in 1998 and prepared the Directory of lakes and water bodies using Survey of India Topographical Maps on 1:50,000.With the advent of satellite technology the study of these lakes and water bodies has become easier and the task of creating of information pertaining to these lakes and water bodies using latest high resolution data along with Survey of India Topographical Maps and other secondary information available with limited field checks/ground truthing has been carried out to provide latest information regarding the status of these lakes and water bodies.
    [Show full text]
  • Floods in Jammu & Kashmir
    A SATELLITE BASED RAPID ASSESSMENT ON FLOODS IN JAMMU & KASHMIR – SEPTEMBER, 2014 In Collaboration with National Remote Sensing Centre Dept. of Ecology, Environment and Remote Sensing Indian Space Research Organization, Government of Jammu and Kashmir Hyderabad-37. Bemina, Srinagar-10 A SATELLITE BASED RAPID ASSESSMENT ON FLOODS IN JAMMU & KASHMIR – SEPTEMBER, 2014 Principal Coordinator Suresh Chugh, IFS Principal Investigator Majid Farooq © Copyright No part of this publication/report may be reproduced without the prior permission of the publisher, i.e., Dept. of Ecology, Environment and Remote Sensing Government of Jammu and Kashmir Bemina, Srinagar-10 & National Remote Sensing Centre Indian Space Research Organization, Hyderabad-37. Executive Summary Jammu & Kashmir experienced one of the worst floods in the past 60 years, during first week of September 2014, due to unprecedented and intense rains. The Jhelum River and its tributaries were in spate and caused extensive flooding in the region. The Decision Support Centre (DSC) of NRSC in collaboration with Department of Environment & Remote Sensing, J&K took necessary action on satellite data acquisition and processing and kept a close watch on the flood situation. All possible data from Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) satellites, as well as foreign satellites, covering Kashmir valley were obtained and analyzed. Rapid flood mapping and monitoring was done on almost daily basis and the flood inundation information was prepared. In addition, cumulative flood inundation, flood progression and recession maps were also prepared. Flood inundation simulation study was done using CARTO-DEM for Jhelum River to identify the possible flood affected areas and the same was uploaded on Bhuvan portal.
    [Show full text]
  • Magazine1-4 Final.Qxd (Page 2)
    Treating COVID patients .... Page 4 SUNDAY, AUGUST 30, 2020 INTERNET EDITION : www.dailyexcelsior.com/sunday-magazine Bhagavad Gita ......Page 3 Muddied by Militancy Waterbodies in Kashmir Col Satish Singh Lalotra respectively and the union territory of Ladakh boasts of lakes like Tso Moriri, Pagong Tso ,Tso kar etc .In addition to the " The earth is what we all have in common"… above there are about 2500 glacial lakes in Gilgit Wendell Berry. Baltisthan(GB) of POK .With the onset of militancy in early Nothing sums up more succinctly for the entire human 1990 ,the union territory witnessed unprecedented law and race as the quote above. For its very survival hinging on a order situation which continues even till date. In response to slender thread of hope, optimism and good work generated this numerous military installations /camps have come up by a few conscientious people ,humanity is fighting with its on the river banks and lakes to keep a vigil on terrorists ,yet back to the wall against its own insidious community which in the absence of an effective and efficient waste disposal is hell bent upon destruction of the entire ecosystem to say system ,the stay of military is fraught with dangers for the the least. Never ever in the history of mankind were there so overall sustainability of the fragile ecosystem over here. The many disparate groups of people spread far and wide across unhindered disposal of waste into these lakes and water the globe as seen now and bent upon wreaking vengeance bodies is proving harmful to the overall growth and increase upon hapless fellow beings ,animals and environment trying in nutrient value whereas giving a fillip to the formation of to seek retribution for actions not committed by them.
    [Show full text]
  • Registration No
    List of Socities registered with Registrar of Societies of Kashmir S.No Name of the society with address. Registration No. Year of Reg. ` 1. Tagore Memorial Library and reading Room, 1 1943 Pahalgam 2. Oriented Educational Society of Kashmir 2 1944 3. Bait-ul Masih Magarmal Bagh, Srinagar. 3 1944 4. The Managing Committee khalsa High School, 6 1945 Srinagar 5. Sri Sanatam Dharam Shital Nath Ashram Sabha , 7 1945 Srinagar. 6. The central Market State Holders Association 9 1945 Srinagar 7. Jagat Guru Sri Chand Mission Srinagar 10 1945 8. Devasthan Sabha Phalgam 11 1945 9. Kashmir Seva Sadan Society , Srinagar 12 1945 10. The Spiritual Assembly of the Bhair of Srinagar. 13 1946 11. Jammu and Kashmir State Guru Kula Trust and 14 1946 Managing Society Srinagar 12. The Jammu and Kashmir Transport union 17 1946 Srinagar, 13. Kashmir Olympic Association Srinagar 18 1950 14. The Radio Engineers Association Srinagar 19 1950 15. Paritsarthan Prabandhak Vibbag Samaj Sudir 20 1952 samiti Srinagar 16. Prem Sangeet Niketan, Srinagar 22 1955 17. Society for the Welfare of Women and Children 26 1956 Kana Kadal Sgr. 1 18. J&K Small Scale Industries Association sgr. 27 1956 19. Abhedananda Home Srinagar 28 1956 20. Pulaskar Sangeet Sadan Karam Nagar Srinagar 30 1957 21. Sangit Mahavidyalaya Wazir Bagh Srinagar 32 1957 22. Rattan Rani Hospital Sriangar. 34 1957 23. Anjuman Sharai Shiyan J&K Shariyatbad 35 1958 Budgam. 24. Idara Taraki Talim Itfal Shiya Srinagar 36 1958 25. The Tuberculosis association of J&K State 37 1958 Srinagar 26. Jamiat Ahli Hadis J&K Srinagar.
    [Show full text]
  • FROM the HAIR of SHIVA to the HAIR of the PROPHET … and Other Essays
    FROM THE HAIR OF SHIVA TO THE HAIR OF THE PROPHET … and other essays SAUVIK CHAKRAVERTI The soft parade has now begun, Listen to the engines hum, People out to have some fun, Cobra on my left, Leopard on my right! JIM MORRISON The Doors 2 DEDICATION To travel and travelers. And to the fond hope that, someday soon, travel in my great country will be safe, comfortable and swift. May Shubh Laabh and Shubh Yatra go together. Bon Voyage! 3 FOREWORD I am a firm believer in the social utility of enjoyable politico-economic journalism. Economists like Frederic Bastiat and Henry Hazlitt have set alight the minds of millions with the fire of freedom, not by writing dissertations, but by reaching out to lay people through jouernalism. These include dentists, engineers, architects and various other professionals who really need to know political economy in order to vote correctly, but have never had the opportunity to study it formally; or rather, in school, they have been MISTAUGHT! They are thus easily led astray by economic sophisms that justify protectionism and other damaging forms of state interference in economic life. It is for such people that I have penned this volume and I offer it to the general reading public so that they may not only enjoy the read but also appreciate the importance of Freedom: Freedom From The State. In this I have attempted to be extremely simple in my arguments – there are no ‘theories’ presented. There are also a series of travelogues which explain reality on the ground as we see it, and contrast East and West.
    [Show full text]
  • Economic Appraisal of Water-Ecosystem in Jammu and Kashmir: India 2 M
    1 Economic Appraisal of Water-Ecosystem in Jammu and Kashmir: India 2 M. H. Wani1 3 Professor, Rajiv Gandhi Chair, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences 4 and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar 5 S. H. Baba2 6 Associate Professor, Department of Social Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries, Sher-e- 7 Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar 8 Arshad Baht3* 9 Post-Doctorate Research Associate, Rajiv Gandhi Chair, Sher-e-Kashmir University of 10 Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar 11 Original Research Article 12 ABSTRACT Aims: The aims of the current paper is to provide a comparative analysis of the water ecosystem in the state of Jammu & Kashmir in India and to highlight economic potentiality of the two nerve tributaries; Dal lake and river Jhelum to the farmers and other communities of the Kashmiri society. Study design: The temperate region of Kashmir valley is bestowed with many water bodies in the form of springs, lakes and rivers. Kashmir region is world famous for its lakes viz; Dal lake, Wulur lake, Mansbal lake, Anchar lake, Nigeen lake; springs viz; Kokarnag, Verinag, Achabal and river Jhelum etc. Dal lake and river Jhelum are known to be the nerve tributaries of the valley and various communities are dependent on these water bodies for their livelihood. Methodology: Contingent valuation method and willingness to pay techniques were used to analyse the data and interpret the results. Results: The results revealed that economic value associated with the selected water bodies was worth millions of US$. Most of the population in the valley depends on these water bodies for their livelihood.
    [Show full text]