VOLUME XLII - No. 2 - MAR/APR 2008 The Bromeliad Society of Queensland Inc. P. O. Box 565, Fortitude Valley Queensland, Australia 4006, Home Page www.bromsqueensland.com OFFICERS PRESIDENT Olive Trevor (07) 3351 1203 VICE PRESIDENT Anne McBurnie PAST PRESIDENT Bob Reilly (07) 3870 8029 SECRETARY Chris Coulthard TREASURER Glenn Bernoth (07) 4661 3 634 BROMELIACEAE EDITOR Ross Stenhouse SHOW ORGANISER Bob Cross COMMITTEE Greg Aizlewood, Bruce Dunstan, Barry Kable, Arnold James,Viv Duncan, David Rees MEMBERSHIP SECRETARY Roy Pugh (07) 3263 5057 SEED BANK CO-ORDINATOR Doug Parkinson (07) 5497 5220 AUDITOR Anna Harris Accounting Services SALES AREA CASHIER Norma Poole FIELD DAY CO-ORDINATOR Ruth Kimber & Bev Mulcahy LIBRARIAN Evelyn Rees ASSISTANT SHOW ORGANISER Phil Beard SUPPER STEWARDS Nev Ryan, Barry Genn PLANT SALES Pat Barlow Phil James COMPETITION STEWARDS Dorothy Cutcliffe, Arnold James CHIEF COMPETITION STEWARD HOSTESS Gwen Parkinson BSQ WEBMASTER Ross Stenhouse LIFE MEMBERS Grace Goode OAM Peter Paroz, Michael ORDea Editors Email Address: [email protected]
The Bromeliad Society of Queensland Inc. gives permission to all Bromeliad Societies to re- print articles in their journals provided proper acknowledgement is given to the original author and the Bromeliaceae, and no contrary direction is published in Bromeliaceae. This permission does not apply to any other person or organisation without the prior permission of the author. Opinions expressed in this publication are those of the individual contributor and may not neces- sarily re\ect the opinions of the Bromeliad Society of Queensland or of the Editor Authors are responsible for the accuracy of the information in their articles.
Front Cover: Ae. QShining LightR Photo by Ross Stenhouse Rear Cover : Guzmania QIndianaR Photo by Ross Stenhouse
Bromeliaceae 2 Mar/Apr 2008 Contents
BELIEVE I T OR N OT , BUT I T IS A LL T RUE ...... 5 STRIKING B ROMS ...... 7 TILLANDSIA WORKSHOP ...... 8 TILLANDSIA QP AT C OUTTS R ...... 11 BOOK R EVIEW: SEARCHING F OR M ISS F ORTUNA - THE H UNT FOR A B ROMELIAD ...... 11 THE BSQ WEB S ITE ...... 11 IMPORTING B ROMELIADS ...... 13 SUBMISSION TO Q UARANTINE & BIOSECURITY R EVIEW I N Q U I RY ...... 13 XNEOSTROPSIS QB-FIRE R VERSUS QSHADEBALL R ...... 17 BROMELIADS AT THE 2008 BSQ A UTUMN S HOW ...... 19 DISCOVER B ILLBERGIAS ...... 23 LIVING I N THE U NDERSTORY WITH C ANISTRUM AND C ANISTROPIS ...... 24 RESTORING V ARIEGATIONS ...... 28 REPORT ON THE S HOW HELD AT M T C OOTHA 5 AND 6 APRIL ...... 32 CHIEF C OMPETITION S TEWARD R EPORT ON BSQ 2008 A UTUMN S HOW ...... 34 HOW DOES A M EMBER L OCATED IN THE US I MPORT P LANTS FROM AUSTRALIA ...... 36 TILLANDSIA T IPS ...... 38 WHY HUMIDITY IS IMPORTANT TO PLANTS ...... 38 PREMATURE P UPPING ...... 40 SOME B ROMELIAD T IPS ...... 42 IPSWICH & DISTRICTS B ROMELIAD S OCIETY I NC ...... 44 HOHENBERGIA LEOPOLDO -HORSTII ...... 44 PUPS R EVISITED ...... 45 BROMELIAD S EMINAR ...... 45 BUS T RIP - 23RD A UGUST 2008 - DETAILS ...... 46
Important things to remember to do:
5th July - Bromeliad Seminar - 9AM to 4PM, core time 10AM to 3PM, Pamela Koides, the owner of the Birdrock Tropicals nursery in the Unied States, has agreed to be the keynote speaker for this event. Bring your own lunch- see advert page 45
Books For Sale The Society has the following books for sale: # Starting with Bromeliads $18 # Pitcher Plants of the Americas $60 # Bromeliads: A Cultural Manual $5 # Back Copies of Bromeliaceae (2005, 2006 Editions) $4 # Bromeliads for the Contemporary Garden by Andrew Steens $36 # Bromeliads: Next Generation by Shane Zaghini $33
Postage and package extra. Unfortunately we cannot supply overseas orders. Please phone the Librarian, Mrs Evelyn Rees (07) 3355 0432 to order books.
Bromeliaceae 3 Mar/Apr 2008 Apical Pups - if you look carefully you can see through the centre of the plant
Image from inside of the leaf showing offsets growing on the outside
Bromeliaceae 4 Mar/Apr 2008 from these axil pockets. What happens now, when all the above are destroyed by rot or Believe It or Not, But physical damage? We usually throw the plant away. It is All True We all overlook another area of mer- Author: Rob Smythe MSc istem deposited by the apical meristem as it progresses ever upwards, namely the Inter- calary Foliar Meristem. I have been aware People have come to me in the past of the very existence of these ever since my with a brom looking like a telescope. You very early days of brom growing. look in one end and you can see right through Len Trevor may remember this from it. What can I do? It is usually hopeless but when I tried to grow a brom from a leaf. His I have always believed there was something look said everything. I was aware that broms that could be done. I suggest they thoroughly have longitudinal white stripes as variega- clean what is left of the plant, spray it with tions which were a direct result of the leaf a good systemic fungicide and hang it on a growing from a cross section of meristematic loop in the bush house and just spray it with cells across its base of the leaf. White cells water and/or fungicide to stop it drying out. make white cells and green make green and Most people thought I was mad. I was visit- soon the leaf appears with its stripes and ing a friend in Ipswich and found out that keeps on growing. Why canRt we get pups she was doing the same and also with some from these leaf bases? I have always believed success. Well, I now have the proof that we we could. Well now I have proven it. were doing things right. Hopefully there are photos with this Firstly, those who know me would article showing a Neoregelia treated as above guess that there must have been some sci- with a pup coming from the outside of a leaf ence to my thinking. Here it is. Bromeliads and not from the inside leaf axil. This pup have two major meristematic types. These is developing from the Intercalary Foliar are regions where plant cells are quickly Meristem. dividing and making new tissue. The best I think this is not only important to us known is the apical meristem where all the but also to tissue culturists. It might even new leaves, new stem and \owers are formed mean that we can tissue culture variegates (the growing tip). The second is the growing from this area and get a higher than the ends of the root tip. usually pathetic preponderance of variegate Let us look further at the growing tip plants from seed or tissue culture. of the plant. As the tip grows further and I was going to leave the story here but further it leaves behind a bundle of dormant maybe a reader will be concerned that there is meristem tissue in the leaf axils. These can more in the botany books, and tissue culture be stimulated into action by the plant when literature than I have revealed. it \owers, has apical damage and sometimes Mesophyll cells. just for the hell of it. Technically this is called These are thin walled parenchyma lack of apical dominance and is controlled cells commonly found in leaves. These are by a hormone. Similarly you will be familiar living entire cells which are not usually with the use of rooting hormone to produce meristematic but can be stimulated into re- more roots. We all know that we get pups growth by damage. The regrowth of burnt Bromeliaceae 5 Mar/Apr 2008 Nidularium procerum
PitcairniaNidularium andreana procerum
Bromeliaceae 6 Mar/Apr 2008 eucalyptus forests and the leaf shoots on rewarded by a mass of [ve plants coming damaged African violet leaves are the best not from the bottom but from the top of the known examples. I have seen no examples of plant. I have supplied a photo but it may not this type of regrowth in bromeliads but that be print quality. This plant was too valuable does not say it is impossible. I have not seen for me to rip apart in the name of science it with my orchids either yet specialist tissue but I am guessing they are not coming from culture laboratories have done wonders with the main stem but from the leaf bases which leaves. When I say wonders I mean wonders. were on young leaves with the leaf based Not only have they made new plants from meristem still actively dividing. If I am cor- individual cells but they have hybridized rect I expect a second set of pups from the different plants asexually, using protoplasts, same area. How many could I expect? How forming tetraploid plants with the full, not long is a piece of string? half, genetics of both parents. I expect all this to happen with broms. I am not up with brom tissue culture but from what I have seen it is Striking Broms still in its infancy. Author: Ross Stenhouse There is More . This could please the commercial A while back I read somewhere that a growers and is something I only discovered bromeliad enthusiast who was interested in in the last month or so. As a brom matures growing pups from a rare plant which had a the leaves stop growing \owers forming. reputation for being dif[cult to get to grow This consumes and terminates the apical roots had solved the problem by QstrikingR the meristem. The loss of apical dominance tells plant in water [rst. the lower meristematic cells in the lower leaf I thought I would give it a try and chose axils to form pups. Sometimes we interfere. to attempt it with a Nidularium procerum . I Variegated plants have the right cytoplasmic [lled a bottle with a dilute solution of nitrosol medium to form stripes. This can change in water and placed the bottle and plant on without notice to form all white or all green the kitchen window sill. leaves. Usually the variegation is lost. We For quite some time, nothing seemed have learnt how to deal with this. We stick to happen and one day my wife, Jan called a Philips head screw driver down the centre, my attention to a small root that had started destroying all of the growing tip. All the to grow from the plant. immature leaves are also destroyed and fall A month later, the plant had grown to off. Meristematic dominance is removed and the extent shown in the photograph on the variegated pups appear from the base which opposite page (top right). As can be seen still retains the correct cytoplasmic medium from the photograph (top left) the plant is for variegation. very healthy despite the bottom quarter being I did something differently recently. immersed in water for over three months. I I had a plant which I valued with a fallen had expected that the plant would rot and branch sticking out of the well. I decided to the results I was getting were somewhat operate. I carefully went under the damaged unexpected. leaves with a very sharp knife and in do- The problem I now face is how long do ing so I removed just the meristem leaving I continue my experiment, what is the best the young leaves still in good shape. I was course of action to take now. Bromeliaceae 7 Mar/Apr 2008 Next to address the gathering was Gary May who spoke on his method of growing Tillandsia Workshop seed which involved germinating the seed on by Greg Aizlewood plastic \yscreen mesh that is stretched across a piece of galvanised mesh and transferring onto 300mm by 300mm by 3mm cork tiles At approximately 10.30 a.m. on the using exterior PVA wood glue as an adhe- 8th March 2008 the much awaited workshop sive when the seedlings are approximately dedicated to Tillandsias commenced at the 3mm high. They are positioned on the tile home of the convener John Olsen. Enthusi- in a structured grid pattern so that each plant asts from as far west as Gatton, as far south occupies an area of approximately 6mm x as the Gold Coast, and from as far north as 6mm on the tile. When the plants have grown Cairns, attended. Yes, Uncle Bob Hudson to about 6mm high the cork tile is then cut \ew all the way down and graced us with up into individual plant lots which are then his presence. He was thanked by all for his attached to a wooden clothes peg using the attendance, the plants he offered, the informa- same PVA glue. The pegs with plants attached tion supplied on the coming world conference are then suspended on the galvanised wire and his contributions during discussions mesh in the shadehouse. The samples passed throughout the day. around showed that this system was working John kicked the proceedings off by well for Gary. introducing himself and his wife Cherie, and Viv Duncan also spoke on his method welcoming everyone in attendance. John of raising seed using felt as a support medium has recently moved into these new premises for the seed during germination. He passed and has had to build new shadehouses on his around some samples with seedlings attached sloping block. Part of the design incorpo- which indicated that his system was also rated a dedicated area for germinating and working [ne. raising Tillandsia seeds at which John has Greg Aizlewood was the next to speak become very adept. He showed his method and once again seed raising was part of of laying the seed down on a piece of cream his topic. Similarly, he raises his seed on shadecloth which is stretched across a small \y screen mesh and transfers the seedlings piece of galvanised mesh. These structures to wooden mounts using a polymer based are then placed in the dedicated seed rais- sealant as an adhesive. He spoke on the ing area where they are watered on a regular redeeming properties of SelleyRs All Clear basis using fogging nozzles which provide a (polymer based sealant) as an adhesive for very [ne mist that gives the seed or seedlings attaching plants to mounts. He [rst sighted the moisture they require without disturbing this being used by Derek Butcher and after them. The watering system is controlled by using it for twelve months seemed suitably an electronic programme device. He also impressed with the reliability of the product spoke on the properties of Weldbond which as an adhesive medium. he is trialing as an adhesive for mounting The next speaker was Nigel Thompson Tillandsias on timber. Having seen the prod- from the Sunshine Coast who has been suc- uct mentioned in a magazine and being aware cessfully growing some of the more delicate that it is used by some in the U.S.A. he has or dif[cult to grow plants under southern decided to run some trials of his own . Queensland conditions. He talked about Bromeliaceae 8 Mar/Apr 2008 Tillandsia dyeriana and a Tillandsia wag- young and would probably flower in the neriana hybrid which he has been growing next twelve months. PamRs plant, for which and the evidence provided was a very impres- she was chasing a name, was reviewed and sive \owering, lush foliage example of both following her description of the \ower it was plants. Well done Nigel. considered to be a possible hybrid of Tilland- Following lunch Nev Ryan introduced sia cyanea and Tillandsia lindenii . The name the group to an impressive display of \ower - OEmilieP was suggested as a possibility. ing Tillandsia fasciculata and some unusual Wendy Brown, a new addition to Tillandsias which are not always readily seen the group, brought along her collection of or available in this area. Plants such as Tillandsia brachycaulos and hybrids and Tillandsia klausi, Tillandsia mauryama, enlightened us to the trials and tribulations of Tillandsia atroviridipetala, Tillandsia delicta , growing Tillandsias in the Gatton area on the just to name a few. Darling Downs. The air temperature in this Len and Olive Trevor also presented an area can extend to both extremes and water impressive display of Tillandsia fasciculata quality and quantity can leave a lot to be de- which added more fuel to the Denis? Tropi\o - sired. In view of these challenges the group ra? densispica? debate. In addition a couple admired her persistence and congratulated of rather desirable clones of Tillandsia fas- her on the quality of her plants. ciculata var. clavispica notably one with an Gwen Parkinson introduced the group in\orescence which resembles a candelabra to a rather impressive specimen of Tillandsia in shape with bright yellow \oral bracts. latifolia var Major which she had purchased Cheryl Basic added more fuel to the from Doug Upton and was growing on her [re with some of her Tillandsia fasciculata fence in full sun. The plant stood approxi- which appeared similar to those previously mately 1.8m high and the in\orescence which presented yet had differing names. had started to appear was expected to extend Barry Genn displayed and described well past the 2.5 m mark. The plant dwarfed some of the hybrids he had produced during Gwen and in her hand, resembled something his twenty odd years of being exposed to you would expect to see accompanying an Tillandsias. He emphasized the need to be American Indian chief. very deliberate in the selection of parents John closed the day with a short power when hybridizing and to have a predeter- point display on various forms of Tillandsia mined aim on what you intend to achieve, utriculata / Tillandsia elongata pointing out rather than just indiscriminately splashing some of the differences as he went. A very pollen around and wishing for the best. One pleasant and informative day was had by of the other attendeeRs offered some sound all and hopefully a repeat workshop will be advice when they suggested novices should held in 2009. hone their skills by raising species from seed before they venture on to hybridizing. Next Helen Moriarty and Pam Butler presented similar forms of Tillandsia cyanea and lead the discussion of why a plant labeled OPinkieP had not flowered. Those more schooled in the art of cultivating Tillandsias informed the group that the plant was too Bromeliaceae 9 Mar/Apr 2008 Tillandsia QPat CouttsR
Ae. chantinii QStripes on StripesR
Tillandsia QPat CouttsR
Bromeliaceae 10 Mar/Apr 2008 It is basically a paperback novel and contains little in the way of descriptions of Tillandsia QPat CouttsR plants or their habitat. I would describe it as more a book about human nature and the dif- (by Bob Reilly) ferent types of people, and their motivations, who can become involved in attempting to The photographs on p.10 illustrate a acquire rare bromeliads. particularly nice clone of T. fasciculata v. So, it is an interesting book about hu- denispica (thanks to Derek Butcher for ar- man behaviour (and Chester SkotakRs views ranging for the identi[cation). A small-grow - on the topic) but of only marginal relevance if ing form of T. fasciculata , it has pronounced you are primarily interested in bromeliads. silver scur[ng on its leaves, and the bracts are coloured a lovely, OsoftP lolly pink. It The BSQ Web Site produces few offsets, unfortunately. DonRt forget that the society has a web The cultivar has been named after Pat site. We place urgent and general informa- Coutts, one of our members from Townsville. tion and information on the site. It also is a Pat collected it several decades ago from resource for smaller societies to get articles fallen trees at the end of an airstrip on the for their newsletters. island of Andros (latitude 25 degrees North) in the Bahamas.GP The URL is: www.bromsqueensland.com Book Review: Searching For Miss THE OLIVE Fortuna - The Hunt BRANCH for a Bromeliad Len and Olive Trevor BY Bob Reilly 232 Canvey Road, Ferny Grove, Qld 4053 This book was written by Chester Sko- Specialising in hybrid Vrieseas, tak, a prominent bromeliad hybridist based Aechmeas, Variegated in Costa Rica, and published by Reliance Neoregelias Media. It can be purchased in Australia from Skotak Hybrids, Aussie Dream and Floriegium (phone: 02 9571 8222; email: varieties, and other quality gil@\oriegium.com.au). It can be borrowed Bromeliads from the SocietyRs library. Chester Skotak describes this book as OGa novel inspired by true eventsGP It is loosely based on the events that led to the Phone (07) 3351 1203 discovery, and introduction to cultivation, Visitors welcome by appointment - Please of a lovely cultivar of Guzmania lingulata , Phone First namely,RFortunaR. Bromeliaceae 11 Mar/Apr 2008 Nid. innocentii var lineatum
Green tree snake in broms - photo Helen Moriarty
Bromeliaceae 12 Mar/Apr 2008 Importing Bromeliads Submission to
Hi Everyone Quarantine & As many of you may know, it has Biosecurity Review become much harder to import bromeliads into Australia recently, due to AQIS policy Inquiry changes. Author: Bob Reilly An external review is under way of AQIS and submissions are sought by 28 This submission deals with the conse- April 2008. quences arising from AQISR 2007 changes to This is a good opportunity to seek some the permitted genera and species of bromeli- changes to AQIS requirements and Oopen upP ads that can be imported into Australia. An communication channels, at a policy level, alternative approach is recommended. with AQIS for the future. 1. Background Olive Trevor has offered for the BSQ to There are over 3,000 species, sub-spe- act as a Oco-ordinatingP society to deal with cies and varieties in the family Bromeliaceae AQIS (Government agencies prefer to deal (bromeliads), and over 10,000 hybrids. through one co-ordinating mechanism than Importation of these plants has been occur- with hundreds of individuals). ring for over 100 years, with relatively large Please let Olive Trevor know (email numbers imported in the 1970Rs to 1990Rs. : [email protected] phone: 07 3351 It is important to note that none of these 1203) if you have any queries concerning bromeliads has ever become a weed species this email. in Australia. Thanks Importation occurs at two levels: Bob Reilly = Importation of a large number of plants of a small number of species or hy- Hello Ross, brids, through a few commercial nurseries. This Green tree snake was gliding = Importation of a small number of through my Neoregelias checking out the plants (typically less than 10) of a large water tank in the centre of each plant. Per- number of species and hybrids, by collectors. haps he thought he might [nd a tasty frog Some of these plants subsequently become lunch there! widely grown in Australia as offsets are dis- Regards tributed through swapping and sale amongst Helen Moriarty bromeliad hobbyists and keen gardeners. This submission focuses on the col- Bromeliaceae lector OlevelP of importation. It is based on my personal experience (I have undertaken Production Crew several importations from Germany and the Editor: Ross Stenhouse United States of America over the last [ve Proofreader, Custom Badge Collector years), as well as the experiences of other and distribution manager: Roy Pugh importers. Regular Contributors : Derek Butcher, There are several challenges associated Rob Smythe, Rob Reilly, Peter Paroz with obtaining bromeliads from overseas Bromeliaceae 13 Mar/Apr 2008 Guz. lingulata hybrid
Crypt. fosterianus hybrid
Bromeliaceae 14 Mar/Apr 2008 hobbyists and nurseries. They are: It combined a Oblanket approval approachP = Typically, they will only have a few for species and hybrids from certain bro- plants for sale of a given species or hybrid. meliad genera with a case-by-case approval Plant availability frequently changes and, of species/hybrids from other genera. The because of the slow propagation rate of vast majority of importations came in under bromeliads, a given plant can often become the Oblanket approvalP genera. If necessary unavailable for several years. So, it is often because of international conventions, this a case of Obuy it now or miss outP. Ogeneral levelP approach could be modi[ed = If you travel overseas to buy plants, to contain a listing of all known species for it is rare for you to know precisely what will the genera which previously had Oblanket be available before you depart. approvalP. If this modi[cation was made, = Many bromeliad species have not it would be important to include a Ospecies been botanically described or, in the case of (nova)P listing for each genus to allow for hybrids, formally registered. For example undescribed species. A similar approach many Tillandsia (a bromeliad genus) species would be needed for hybrids. are labelled as: It is recommended that AQIS adopt QTillandsia spR collection location e.g. this approach. QPinat del RioR. This approach would also reduce the Further, not only are many hybrids un- burden on AQIS of assessing many hundreds registered, but their parentage is unknown. of questionnaires as well as the burden on The 2007 AQIS changes require that a individuals who have to complete them. It 6 page questionnaire be completed for each would enable AQIS, and its assessors, to species/hybrid that is not on the improved focus on those plant species/hybrids that importation list. (The questionnaire is de- have some possibility of becoming weeds in signed to ensure that species/hybrids that Australia, unlike bromeliads. could become weeds in Australia cannot be 3. Consultation imported). Many months can pass before an The 2007 AQIS changes were intro- assessment is made and the species/hybrid duced without consultation with bromeliad is placed on the list of bromeliads that can importers or bromeliad societies. All or most be imported. (Currently, there are less than of these people and organisations would have 10% of the described/registered bromeliad been happy to discuss the issues with AQIS. species on that list). This lack of consultation is unfortunate, as So the net effect of the 2007 AQIS I have found AQIS [eld staff to be polite changes, when combined with the realities and helpful. However, this change was at a of overseasR bromeliad sourcing (as described policy, rather than operational, level. above), has been to severely curtail the im- I would be happy to discuss my propos- portation of bromeliads by collectors. als with staff from the review or AQIS. My This outcome is considered unreason- contact details are: phone (work) 07 3224 able when one considers the fact that no 2898, email: [email protected]. bromeliad species or hybrid has ever become a weed species in Australia. 2. Recommended Approach The approach used prior to the 2007 AQIS changes was workable and practical. Bromeliaceae 15 Mar/Apr 2008 Neostropsis QB-FireR
Guz. sanguinea (small form)
Bromeliaceae 16 Mar/Apr 2008 have got her plant indirectly from Lisa and xNeostropsis QB-FireR the concensus is that they are the same plant. So if you have Nidularium burchellii x Ne- versus QShadeballR oregelia QFireballR, or xNeostropsis QB-FireR, by Derek Butcher or xNeostropsis QShadeballR on your label they refer to the same plant! A success story where a cultivarRs ori- I will make notes to this effect in the gin has been revealed because of a younger on-line Cultivar Register http://bsi.org . bromeliad growerRs eye for detail. To those who browse this data base it This started towards the end of 2005 is not strange to [nd such references because when Ian Hook from Sydney alerted me to the the larger commercial concerns in the USA fact that a plant called Nidularium burchellii x and Europe are apt to change a name because Neoregelia QFireballR was in circulation. Not of market strategy!! only did it take ages to write the label but this While QB-FireR has precedence date- was grex formula which should only be used wise, both names will no doubt be used with by hybridists while under their control. QB-FireR in Australia and QShadeballR in the Theoretically, it should have been USA given a Cultivar name, and registered, when For the purists who may be interested, released to the QgeneralR public. Who was the some Brazilian taxonomists are treating Can- hybridist? Contact with Olive Trevor of the istropsis burchellii as being really Nidularium QOlive BranchR failed to get an answer but it burchellii so it is not just cultonomists who seemed the plant had come from the World have naming problems! Bromeliad Conference in 2000. As an aside, it is interesting that the BSI agreed to abide by the ICNCP rules in SHADE the late 1980Rs and Don Beadle started on his monumental work which culminated in the HOUSES Bromeliad Cultivar Register being published in 1998. Grex names disappeared and not a formula in sight. This did not stop the BSI Manufacturers of Orchid, Fern Show Of[cials from continuing to include and Shade Houses since 1976 the use of grex by way of formula for show plants. This double standard continues. We eventually decided on xNeostropsis QB-FireR and this was registered in February 2006. Everything went [ne for a couple of years until hawk-eyed Ian Hook pointed out xNeostropsis QShadeballR a recently registered hybrid by Lisa Vinzant in Hawaii, looked awfully like QB-FireR and had the same par- Ph: (07) 3207 2793 entage! PANIC. Fax: (07) 3822 2307 Geoff Lawn of WA lead the investiga- 151 Railway Pde., Thornside, Q 4158 tions which showed that Olive could well www.petersglen.com.au
Bromeliaceae 17 Mar/Apr 2008 Bil. QMidnightR unreg Guz.. QFocusR
Guz. Q Marina R Guz. Q Hilde R
Bromeliaceae 18 Mar/Apr 2008 central, cream stripes) form an open, semi- Bromeliads at the erect rosette approximately 80 cm across. The red-orange, torch-like, in\orescence is 2008 BSQ Autumn about 30 cm long. Guzmania Q Yellow Fire R unreg - Nu- Show merous, 2 cm wide, green leaves (which have There was a wide variety of bromeliads thin red stripes on their lower side, towards on sale and show at this event. Some of them their base), form an open semi-erect rosette are described below M photographs appear on- various pages, mainly on pp.20,22 and 25. Billbergia Q Midnight R unreg - A few leaves form a tubular rosette approximately 30 cm tall. The black-green leaves have silver barring and white spots. Suppliers of [ne Billbergia Q Squiggles R unreg - A few tissue-cultured bromeliads leaves form a tubular rosette approximately 30 cm tall. The brown-green leaves have [email protected] white spotting and barring. They are edged www.plantbiotech.com.au with black spines. Guzmania Q Cavado R unreg - Numer- ous, 2 cm wide, green leaves form an open, Phone (07) 5471 6036 semi-erect rosette approximately 40 cm Postal Address: 7 Thougla Place, across. The purple, torch-like, in\orescence Buderim QLD 4556 rises well above the plantRs leaves. Lab: 99 West Coolum Road, Guzmania Q Focus R - About 20, 5 cm Mount Coolum QLD 4573 wide, green leaves form an open, semi-erect rosette, approximately 100 cm across. The red-orange in\orescence resembles an elon - gated pine cone and is about 20 cm long. M. J. PATERSON Guzmania Q Hilde R - About 20, 5 cm wide, green leaves form an open, semi-erect 212 SANDY CREEK ROAD, rosette approximately 100 cm across. The GYMPIE, Qld 4570 yellow, torch-like, in\orescence rises well Large Range of Bromeliads For Sale above the plantRs leaves and is about 20 cm Especially our own Hybrid Tillandsias long. and Neoregelias Guzmania Q Marina R - Numerous, 2 cm wide, leaves form an open, semi-erect ro- DO CALL IN IF YOU ARE UP THIS sette approximately 60 cm across. The green WAY BUT PLEASE PHONE FIRST leaves have central, cream stripes. They blush pink in good light, especially towards their base. The in\orescence consists of a PHONE / FAX cluster of small, red OconesP. (07) 5482 3308 Guzmania QRanaR (variegated form) - About 20, 5 cm wide, green leaves (with Bromeliaceae 19 Mar/Apr 2008 Pit. brongniartiana Til. dyeriana
Vr. michaelii Vr. Q Pinkert R
Bromeliaceae 20 Mar/Apr 2008 approximately 60 cm across. The red and across. The green leaves have irregular, thin yellow in\orescence rises well above the silver banding and red tips. At \owering, the plantRs leaves. plantRs inner centre turns red. Guzuriesea Q Happa R - Numerous, 3 Pitcairnia andreana - This plant has cm wide, green leaves form an open, semi- a cluster of light green leaves, each of which erect rosette approximately 70 cm across. is about 20 x 3 cm. The in\orescence con - The purple-white in\orescence rises 100 cm sists of a cluster of \owers. The petals are above the plantRs leaves. orange-red at their base and yellow at their Neoregelia Q Flandria R - About 20, 4 tips. (The photograph on pg.6 also shows cm wide, variegated leaves form a \at rosette some seed pods). approximately 40 cm across. At \owering, Pitcairnia brongniartiana - This plant the plantRs centre \ushes red. has a distinct stem. Its most striking feature is Neoregelia Q Focus R - Numerous, 2 that the 35 x 10 cm green leaves have yellow cm wide, leaves form an upright rosette ap- spots. This feature makes it one of the few proximately 20 cm across. The bronze leaves variegated pitcairnias. have brown-red edges and tips, and have Tillandsia dyeriana - A few, green scattered , small brown-red markings. The leaves form a tubular rosette approximately plant is unusual for a miniature neoregelia in 20 cm tall. The semi-pendent red-orange that it has a large number of leaves M most in\orescence rises well above the plantRs have less than 10. leaves. Neoregelia Q Georges Prince R - About Vriesea Q Elan R - About 20, 2 cm wide, 20, 8 cm wide, bronze leaves form a \at ro - green leaves form an open, semi-erect rosette sette approximately 40 cm across. At \ower - approximately 40 cm across. The multi- ing, the plantRs centre turns pink-purple. branched red in\orescence rises well above Neoregelia QMandarin MissR - About the plantRs leaves. 20, 4 cm wide, red-bronze leaves form a \at Vriesea Q Forrest R unreg - About 15, rosette approximately 50 cm across. At \ow - 8 cm wide leaves, form an open rosette ap- ering, the plantRs centre turns orange-red. proximately 70 cm across. The green leaves Neoregelia QPainted LadyR x QMag- have purple tips and white stripes/markings nificaR - About 20, 5 cm wide, bronze M particularly towards the plantRs centre. leaves with brown-purple markings, form a Vriesea Q Galaxy R - (This is a vari- \at rosette approximately 40 cm across. At egated form of V. glutinosa. Over the last two \owering, the plantRs centre turns purple with years it has become much more commonly white spots. available). About 20, 3 cm wide, leaves form Neoregelia Q Pink Debbie R unreg - an open, rosette approximately 70 cm across. About 20, 8 cm wide, leaves form a compact, The green leaves have a broad, central, cream \at, rosette approximately 30 cm across. The stripe, and brown-red markings M especially bronze leaves have pink tips. At \owering, on the leavesR lower surfaces. The in\ores - the plantRs centre turns pink. cence consists of several, red ObranchesP. Neotanthus Q Firefoam R - (This plant Vriesea Q Gold[sh R - About 15, 3 cm comes from a cross between plants from two wide, green leaves form an open, semi-erect different genera, namely, Neoregelia and rosette approximately 30 cm across. The fat, Cryptanthus) - About 20, 5 cm wide, leaves orange-red in\orescence is about 15 cm long form an erect rosette approximately 30 cm and 5 cm wide. Bromeliaceae 21 Mar/Apr 2008 Neo . QGeorges PrinceR Neo . QPink DebbieR
Neo. QPainted LadyR x QMagni[caR
Floral Display by Cheryl Basic Neo . QFocusR
Neotanthus QFire FoamR Guz. Q Ice Cream R
Bromeliaceae 22 Mar/Apr 2008 Vriesea Q Margaret Ruth R - About 20, Of course we humans canRt leave any- 4 cm wide, green leaves form an open, semi- thing alone and in this case, it pleases me erect rosette approximately 50 cm across. greatly, as there are now countless hybrids The purple, multi-branched in\orescence of particular beauty making the spectacular rises well above the plantRs leaves. Each though short-lived \owers an added bonus. ObranchP is about 20 cm x 5 cm. They are naturally epiphytic and a Vriesea michaelii - About 20, 1.5 clump in a tree at \owering time is a spec - cm wide, green leaves with brown-red spots tacular sight. They will also grow over rocks form an open, erect rosette approximately 20 and in the garden, requiring very well drained cm across. The yellow petalled \owers are soil and when hung in pots above eye level clustered on a thin, red rachis (stalk). the leaf markings (to me) are like miniature Vriesea Q Pinkert R - About 20, 0.5 cm stained glass windows. wide, green-red leaves form an erect rosette My affair with Billbergias began about approximately 15 cm across. The red in\o - 15 years ago when I acquired B leptopoda ; rescence rises well about the plantRs leaves. I just loved it when those beautiful \owers Vriesea QRed of RioR unreg - Similar to caught me by surprise every year. I knew V. QOrange of RioR, except the in\orescence very little about the cultivation of Bromeliads is orange. in general, just donRt water too much! Vriesea Q Orange of Rio R unreg - B leptopoda survives today and it was About 15, 2 cm wide, green leaves form an not due to TLC, in fact it received no care open, semi-erect rosette approximately 30 cm whatsoever for several years and this ap- across. The orange, sword-like in\orescence pealed to me. is about 15 cm long and 5 cm wide. Through plant friends and plant clubs As well as these plants, there were my collection of Billbergias has grown over many other interesting and rare plants on the past 5 years to 100 including species and display and sale. Photographs of some of hybrids, I would have many more if I could, these appear elsewhere in this edition. but they are not always easy to [nd. My There were also a number of impres- thirst for knowledge of my favourite plant sive \oral displays. The winning display is also not easy to satisfy. Thank heavens was prepared by Cheryl Basic and appears for the internet. It does help to some degree on p. 23. with identi[cation but it makes the Wish List even longer. When my Billbergias began to \ower Discover Billbergias last winter, I could not help myself I just had (by Val Honeywood) to cross-pollinate. Perhaps it is the congenial weather in the Bundaberg area, but every (Reprinted, with permission, from the \ower I pollinated set seed. Never having Fraser Coast Bromeliad Society (Inc) News - propagated Bromeliads other than by offsets, letter, [2007], v.3(1), pp 3-4) what do I do now! Rhonda Symonds came Europeans discovered Billbergias in to the rescue with some handy hints. The 1815 and there are now over 60 described seeds were set on a bed of damp coir in clear species with many distinctive varieties. All plastic cake containers with re-sealable lids are from the Americas, from Brazil to central from the supermarket and the containers Mexico. placed on top of the microwave oven which Bromeliaceae 23 Mar/Apr 2008 gave them bottom heat when in use. They # QCariocaR received [ltered morning sunlight through the # QDelisiousaR kitchen window, plus receiving longer days # QDe NadaR with exposure to kitchen light till quite late. # QDomingos MartinsR Rather unprofessional, but it worked; I have # QDorothy BergR more seedlings than I can poke a stick at, and # QGolden JoyR now, the waiting game begins. # QGolden Joy M Purple CloneR Discover the joy of growing Billber- # QHallelujahR gias; they are not only beautiful they are # QMuriel WatermanR X Amonena var also: Stolonifera Very easy to grow, extremely hardy, # QOleR more so than most other plants of any variety # QPerriamRs PrideR in my garden. # QPlatinumR Take up little room, e.g. attach to fork # QPraise BeR unreg of tree, hang pot in shade house, hang pot in, # sanderiana preferably, a deciduous tree.: # QStrawberryR Light requirements , - high light M full sun # QSupa GraceR in winter M will tolerate more sun than most # vittata QRalph Graham FrenchR Neoregelias. So forgiving of neglect, should you be Living In the away for an extended period, they will be there to welcome you home. Understory with Require minimal water, most having tall narrow tanks, evaporation is much less Canistrum and than with more open types of bromeliads. Pots M Potting mix M free draining, orchid Canistropis mix, pine bark, sand, perliteG (by Theresa M Bert) Fertilizer M very little or none. I fertilize (Reprinted, with permission, from the when offset is removed and potted only. Journal of the Bromeliad Society, (2005) v.55, Flowers M mostly during winter through p.263-265). spring, with a few exceptions in summer, e.g. The bromeliad genera Canistrum and B.RDomingos MartinsR. Canistropis are native to the Mata Atlantica Propagation M so, so easy of Brazil (also called the Atlantic Forest), a Pests and disease s M overgrown conditions highly diverse coastal mountainous rainfor- with poor ventilation will encourage \yspeck est between Alagoas and Santa Catarina scale. states. Over 95% of the original habitat Temperature M only a couple did not like the has been replaced by [elds, pastures, and cold of my winter, receiving burns similar to urban development, which has been ongo- sunburn. ing since Europeans [rst started to colonise Some of my favourites : this beautiful region. Unfortunately, we will # QAfterglowR never know the full extent of the bromeliad # Amoena diversity in that region. Nevertheless, the # QBellesimaR remaining beauty is nicely represented by # QBellesimaRR x QCatherine WilsonR these two genera. Bromeliaceae 24 Mar/Apr 2008 Billbergia macrocalyx Billbergia . QHallelujahR
Billbergia Q Afterglow R Billbergia Q Strawberry R
Bromeliaceae 25 Mar/Apr 2008 Both genera grow principally in forest on mountain slopes at about 750m elevation. understory habitats. The Mats Atlantica for- It is the southern most Canistrum species and est trees are very tall, which allows for a wide its distribution alone extends the genus range variety of habitats beneath the exposed forest considerably. It was woefully misidenti[ed canopy. Epiphytes grow from tree trunks and in culture for years as C.fosterianum v. pardi- limbs from just beneath the top of the canopy num a variety of C.fosterianum that was never to near the forest \oor. Most Canistrum and of[cially described. Canistrum triangularae Canistropis species inhabit the lower reaches has two different forms, a narrow-leaf form of this vertical ecosystem, as well as the forest and a more common broad-leaf type. This is \oor, where they grow terrestrially in the leaf a beautiful little species with bright red bracts litter and mixed rocky/sandy/loamy ground. and white \owers in the in\orescence. The two genera are nearly mutually exclusive In the genus Canistropsis, two par- in geographical distribution. Canistrum is ticularly interesting species are C.correia- found from Alagoas to Espirito Santo and araujoi and C.seidelii . C.correia-araujoi is has its centre of distribution in Bahia, where a taxonomically problematic species that was the most species occur. Canistropis is found originally thought to be a Neoregelia and is farther south, from southern Bahia to Santa now thought to be a natural hybrid between a Catarina and has its centre of distribution Neoregelia and a Canistropsis. Known only between Rio de Janeiro state and Sao Paulo from Rio de Janeiro state, it has not been state. Within the distributions of these gen- found in the wild since its [rst collection and era, most species have very limited ranges; may be extirpated due to expanding urbani- some are known from only single localities. sation, agriculture, and deforestation. When Most species are small to mid-sized grown in very bright light, this species turns plants. Most have \ower clusters, reminis - a rich reddish rusty colour. Large clumps cent of a cross between the typical in\o - of well spaced plants can be grown over rescence of a neoregelia and a Nidularium, time from a single individual as the starting two genera closely related to Canistrum plant. Canistropsis seidelii has many unique and Canistropis. Although they donRt have features. Rather than red bracts and a con- spectacularly coloured \owers, their in\ores - densed in\orescence, this species has bright cences are beautiful because most have large yellow bracts interspersed on an expanded red, orange, pink or yellow bracts cupping in\orescence. Its stolons are especially long the in\orescence. Most species have either and its bract cups hold considerable water, graceful arching deep-green leaves or rather in contrast to other Canistropsis species, stiff mottled or striated leaves that make a and probably because its in\orescence is cupped or arching rosette. elongated. Canistrum aurantiacum is the largest I grow Canistropsis albi\ora , C.correia- species in the genus. Although its range is araujoi, C.billbergioides, of which there restricted to two Brazilian States, Alagoas are several forms, C.burchellii, C.exigua, and Pernambuco, it can be quite abundant C.microps, C.pulcherrima, C.seidelii, C. in certain remnant Mata Atlantica forest simulans , and a couple of unnamed species. I patches. Of the smaller canistrums, Can- grow Canistrum alagoanum , C.aurantiacum, istrum triangularae is both beautiful and C.auratum, C.lanigerum, C.sandrae and C. horticulturally interesting. It is a sun-loving triangulare . Several others are grown at epiphyte that grows high in the forest canopy Selby Botanical Gardens, e.g. C.montanum Bromeliaceae 26 Mar/Apr 2008 Catopsis morreniana
Catopsis sessili\ora Canistrum qeidelli
Bromeliaceae 27 Mar/Apr 2008 and C.seidelianum . Despite the general shadiness of their natural habitats, many Restoring species in these genera can be grown in a wide variety of light conditions. I live in Variegations. west-central Florida near the coast, where air Author: Rob Smythe MSc temperature descends to freezing, on average, There is a lot of science in this but I one night per year. IRve had good success will skip over it in one paragraph. White vari- with shade-loving Canistrum and Canistropis egated bromeliads get their variations due to species in outdoor conditions with a little abnormal plastids or mitochondria (in the dis- full sun and in a pool cage in areas partially cussion below I will just use the word plastids shaded by other bromeliads. Canistrum to mean plastids plus mitochondria) in their traingularae grows outdoors in a location cellRs cytoplasm. This is broadly called cy- that gets 2-3 hours of full sun in the after- toplasmic inheritance. All the factors (DNA) noon. Cartistropsis correia-araujoi grows controlling this variegation inheritance come in a pool cage (about 25-35% shade) fully from the mother (pod producing plant). I will exposed to the sun all day. Nearly all others talk of Qthe good plastids, which are those grow in a shadehouse that is shaded by trees found in a normal plants and Qbad plastidsR. for part of the day. ItRs easy to over-water Too many of the latter kill the plant by turning species in these genera. They do well if pot- the leaves white. I donRt want to get in too ted in a loose mix of about 50% potting soil, deep but will add that some nonvariegated 50% Perlite and a small amount of charcoal seedlings using the variegated mother can bits. I use red volcanic rock pieces to hold the plants up in the pot, pour the soil mix on top, and tap the mix into the rock interstices. BRISBANE Most species easily withstand temperatures down to 5 C but get nipped if not covered in BROMELIAD freezing temperatures. Plants in these genera are easy to grow CENTRE and they make a few pups each generation. IRve had some species for many generations. They are beautiful, most bloom at the turn of the year (South American Summer) and are 34 Hauton Road, Moray[eld 4506 convenient to grow if you have little space HUGE SELECTION for bromeliads and little sun in the space you of do have. To learn more about Canistrum Aechmeas, Vrieseas, Guzmanias, and Canistropis and how to tell these genera Neoregelias and their close relatives apart, check out the Nidularium & Tillandsias colourful and informative books by Elton together with a variety of rarer species Leme of which, at least Canistropsis is avail- and hydrids able online through Selby Botanical Gardens BARBARA and LORRAINE and Tropi\ora Nursery. (Editorial comment: Phone (07) 5433 0303 These books are in the SocietyRs library). VISITORS by APPOINTMENT
Bromeliaceae 28 Mar/Apr 2008 Crypt. QSnow RoseR (winner of Grace GoodGoode Trophy Winner Autumn 2008 Show)
Dickia QBlacktrackerR unreg (Reserve Champion 2008 Autumn Show
Bromeliaceae 29 Mar/Apr 2008 have normal plastids as well as abnormal grow into the potting media. plastids. White variegation is not caused OSo what,P you say. Patience, patience, by nuclear DNA otherwise sibling crossing if you leave your plant growing and not would restore the variegation. This does not remove the apical growth centre (meristem) happen. Variegation is not contagious so it is these suitable lower outgrowths will turn into not virus induced. That is enough science. A roots and the lowest eye that could produce little bit more later on. a pup might now be the reverted (normal) How can I restore variegation in my tissue. Once the plant reaches flowering bromeliads? size that plant has had it as a variegate. Oc- The scenario is my plant now has three casionally, before \owering they can revert green leaves or three white leaves at the top. back but donRt count on it. So, plants like My rule of thumb is to stop the plantRs growth Aech. Peaches Qn Cream which revert when from the tip immediately. The longer you wait young, become a full time job keeping them the worse is the outcome. variegated. Get to such plants as quickly as At this point growers usually question possible. Plants like A. Ensign and Neo. Bill my motive with comments something that Morris on the other hand generally revert or like they left their plant and got variegated go white late in life which means there are pups. Yes, this is true if you are dealing with plenty of suitable eyes, not forming roots, for Neo . Bill Morris or Aechmea QEnsignR (for the production of new variegated offshoots. example). DonRt test your luck with Aech . Rule number two is remove non vari- QPeaches n CreamR though. I need to explain egated offshoots as soon as possible. DonRt why. throw them away. Park them separately. It is I put a Phillips Head screwdriver down possible for some of them to revert back. IRll the centre of the plant and do a very rough have to go back to science here. job on it. I destroy the entire apical growth Reversion back to variegations . centre and a lot of soft tissue near by. Keep Since the early sixties when certain the damaged plant dry and pull out the dead diseases in humans were found to be due to leaves. This is called removing the Oapical cytoplasmic DNA 1, it was discovered that dominanceP from the plant. The dormant people could harbour both the good and the buds lower in the stem will spring to life and bad DNA in their mitochondria. They were produce pups. If these spring from the lower OnormalP people while young. With on going part of the plant they could still have the right years and a multiple divisions of these cells balance of good and bad plastids necessary to the bad DNA was found to actually concen- produce variegations. If they spring from the trate in some cells and disappear in others. top you will have your plant just the same as Like likes like I call it. The bad cells could die when you destroyed it. or in combination with mixed cells ,survive So you ask, OWhat is the problem?P to eventually progress into the symptoms of The problem is that the lower eyes (as they the disease. Some examples now known are are called) can turn into new shoots or into a form of AlzheimerRs plus CPEO, Diabetes new roots. Broms survive by developing ad- mellitus, Dystonia, KSS and at least eight ventitious roots in the leaf axils. You can pull others. Back to plants, I donRt think we need a large Vriesea to bits and see these adventi- to know how the human diseases exhibit tious roots just living off the rotten mulch in themselves. the leaf axils. With other broms they quickly When plants revert this could mean that Bromeliaceae 30 Mar/Apr 2008 Tillandsia streptophylla (Mary Graselli Award - Autumn 2008 Show)
Neo. QEnchantmentR variegated (Hudson Trophy Autumn 2008 Show)
Bromeliaceae 31 Mar/Apr 2008 the level of bad plastids in the variegate could then allocation of table space for sellers, Pam have gone too low to exhibit the variegated Butler took on the job for the [rst time, and symptoms. All white leaves are the reverse although there were some challenges all went i.e too many bad plastids. The former, liv- relatively smoothly. Plants were then moved ing long enough the correct balance might in both for Sales, Display and Competition. be restored for variegation to be possible. It really is interesting to be there on Flowering is usually the end of the road. If the Friday to see how the whole show comes the reverted plants are used as pod parents, together from scratch. I expect an extremely minute number of I would imagine that Olive our Chief seedlings could come up variegated. I have Judge was very impressed with the large never experienced or been told of this hap- number of competition plants, and she did pening. Why would anyone use the reverted comment that the plants tabled for judging plant for breeding? The chance of getting a were of a very high quality. variegate seedling from a fully variegated # Champion of Show was Vriesea fenes- plant is in[nitesimal any way. Seedlings are tralis x Vriesea hieroglyphica owned by usually all white (bad plastids) or all green Len and Olive Trevor. (good plastids) when using a variegated pod # Reserve Champion Plan t was Dyckia parent. This is the like likes like rule again. QBlacktrackerR owned by Bob Paulsen Using a variegated pollen parent they are all # Best Tillandsioideae M Nez Misso Me- green ( no cytoplasmic DNA supplied by morial Trophy - was won by Len and male plant). Olive Trevor with Vriesea fenestralis x If you are not science orientated, I donRt Vriesea hieroglyphica . think there is anything to be gained by look- # Best Bromeliadeae M Hudson Trophy ing up the meanings of the scienti[c terms. - was won by Len and Olive Trevor with Put it to the test.. Neoregelia QEnchantmentR variegated 1) Douglas C. Wallace, Mitochondreal # Best Cryptanthus M Grace Goode DNA in Aging and Disease, Scienti[c Ameri - Trophy M was won by Bob Paulsen can August 1997, pp22 to 29 with Cryptanthus QSnow RoseR. # Best Pitcairnioideae was Dyckia Report on the Show QBlacktrackerR owned by Bob Paulsen # The Mary Grasselli Award went to held at Mt Cootha 5 Wendy Brown for Tillandsia strepto- phyllia and 6 April There were 30 sellers registered for Author: Narelle Aizelwood plant sales. 4,898 plants were sold for a total of $75,601.00. 1103 members of the general HOW A YEAR FLIES BY. Before you public attended our show on both days. The knew it, it was time to prepare for yet another raf\e raised $835.00. Autumn Show at Mt. Coottha. The centre display by the Bromeliad Our show was held on the 5 and 6 of Society of Queensland as usual always at- April with setting up on Friday 4th. We ar- tracted great interest and many positive com- rived very early at 6.45 a.m. to an already ments. Bruce Dunstan was awarded the Tom busy band of energetic and enthusiastic work- Scho[eld Award for his Alcantarea glazioua - ers. First thing to do is to set up the tables, na variegata which took pride of place in Bromeliaceae 32 Mar/Apr 2008 Photos from the recent BSQ Show at Mt Cootha
Bromeliaceae 33 Mar/Apr 2008 the display. The Sunshine Coast Bromeliad was a great success with many high quality Society and the Gold Coast Succulent and plants in most sections and very imaginative Bromeliad Society also created [ne displays entries in the Novelty and Floral displays. of interesting and unusual bromeliads. The details of each class and the plac- For the Bromeliad Society of Queens- ing in all sections of the show are included land to put on such a show twice a year there elsewhere in this journal. are always many hard workers behind the Our judges had a dif[cult task and there scenes. The people who collect and make were many plants in the various classes that up boxes, the Plant Sales Stewards who work were dif[cult to separate and very robust dis - tirelessly and sometimes very frantically in cussion took place among the judges before the sales areas, the girls in the kitchen who many awards were made. provide us all with wonderful refreshments Particular mention must be made of on the week-end, Library Stewards, Stewards the plants that were selected for the special in the Cloak Room, Stewards on the door and awards; these plants were the judged to be the selling raf\e tickets all week-end, Bob Cross best in their class and in their genera (classes for carting the Hardware and props for the 29 M 32); the [nal selection for Champion & set up of displays, to all and everyone who Reserve Champion of the show were drawn helped make it another successful week-end from these four plants; again many dif[cult we M The Society M thank you sincerely. choices for the judges. Congratulations to Wendy Brown for winning the OMary Graselli AwardP for the Chief Competition best bromeliad entered by a novice grower. Steward Report on The presidentRs selection of Alcantarea glaziouana variegated for the OTom Sch- BSQ 2008 Autumn oe[eld Memorial AwardP was universally approved; congratulations to Bruce Dunstan Show for winning this award. Author: Arnold James Due to problems in previous years the committee decided to change our method of recording plant entries for the show and adopted a system similar to that used by a number of Orchid societies; in this system each competitor was given a competitor Stockade Nursery Open Day number and pre-printed labels on which 11th October 9-12 AM to enter the class of the competition being 70 Wades Road, Bellmere, Qld. entered , the plant name and the allocated competitor number; this greatly reduced the AustraliaRs largest range of Alcantarea spe- work load of the competition stewards and cies and forms over 20 available. expedited the judging. Giant Neoregelias and Tank Tillandsias. Many thanks to Barry Kable for this suggestion. One disappointment was the EFTPOS and Credit card facilities avail- lack of entries in some classes and a limited able. number in others. Overall the competition Bromeliaceae 34 Mar/Apr 2008 Til. compressa Vr. QQChieftainR
Til. punctulata Guz. Q Gwendolyn R
Bromeliaceae 35 Mar/Apr 2008 judges decision was unanimous; congratula- BROMADELAIDE 2009 tions to Olive & Len Trevor for their fully deserved win. 2009 Easter weekend The competition depends on many people to make it a success and I would like Keynote Speaker :- Dr Jason Grant, one to thank all who assisted in the multitude of of the younger breed, Jason Grant, an different tasks that enabled us to carry out a Alaskan, and a Doctor of Botany who is successful event; from the setting up of tables, currently lecturing in French! at a Swiss the organising plants on the tables, the judg- University, showing his versatility. He ing of the entries, recording the judgeRs deci- is an authority on the genera Alcantarea, sions, printing of the certi[cates and most of Werauhia and Racinaea all to those brave and dedicated growers who participated in the event; without all these Other activities: willing workers and participants it would be # Plant Sales a NO SHOW event. # Rare plant auction Congratulation to all the winners and # Optional Bus trip including winery sympathy to the not so successful (including tours/tasting and me); the experience we have all gained from # dinner at a unique and charming this show will hopefully encourage us to try restaurant harder next year an hopefully end up in the # Balanced educational and stimulat- winners circle; for our other members who ing talks did not compete I would encourage you to join in the fun next year and maybe take home Hosted by: an award (and some bragging rights). The Bromeliad Society of South Arnold James Australia. Chief Competition Steward Web site link: Including direct email links to conference organisers. How does a Member www.bromeliad.org.au/bromadelaide2009.htm Located in the Postal address: OBromadelaide2009P, 10 Hedgerow Crescent US Import Plants Hallett Cove S.A. 5158 Telephone enquiries : Derek Butcher fromAustralia. (08) 83567728 Author: Roy Pugh
Reserve Champion Dyckia QBlack We have a new member in the USA. trackerR was a tribute to Bob Paulsen who as Frank Redmondlives at Atlantic Beach, most of us know is always way up there with Florida and is very interested in miniature his beautiful plants. NeoRs. He has difficulties acquiring new It is no surprise that the beautiful Vrie- varieties and in his letter of January 17th, he sea fenistralis x heiroglyphica was the win- writes OIt would be nice if there is some way ner of the top honor QChampion Bromeliad to buy miniature NeoRs from Down Under, of the ShowR; what a beautiful plant and the but that may be too much trouble.P Bromeliaceae 36 Mar/Apr 2008 Neo. QPredatorR Neo. QRoyal PepperR
Til. crocata Q OrangeR form Neo. QFlandriaR
Vr. QGold FishR Vr. Q Favorite R
Vr. Q Fairest R unreg Neo. QPlayballR
Bromeliaceae 37 Mar/Apr 2008 I wonder... would it be all that much d) If there are roots on the plant turn trouble? Clearly, Frank would have to comply the roots toward the mount and glue or staple with US plant quarantine regulations regard- on. Glue does not damage the roots. If you ing the importation of plant material, but it happen to have a glue gun and are using Qhot would be a friendly and welcome gesture to glueR, it is burns your [nger it will also burn an overseas friend. Perhaps a member (or the plantRs little bottom. members) here could contact him and perhaps e) Always be sure plants are [rmly on arrange to send him some of those NeoRs he wood etc. If they move about, roots take a is so desperate to have. lot longer to appear. If someone would like to take up the f) If you are not keen on using glue challenge, FrankRs postal address is: you can bore two small holes and thread thin F. J. Redmond plastic-coated wire (not copper) through, 350 4th Street place plant inside the loop and fasten tightly Atlantic Beach at the back of the mount. For some heavier Florida 32233-5344 tillandsias I have used both glue and the wire USA to be sure they are [rm. g) Change positions of your Tillandsias by all means, but when you have the ideal one Tillandsia Tips do leave the plant there. If you keep changing (by Bea Hanson) them about the poor things being to wonder what they should do next. Reprinted, with permission, from the h) Speaking from experience. When Journal of the Bromeliad Society, (1989), v. you at last manage to get a small clump of 39(5), pp 224-225. tillandsias donRt let people try and get pieces Here are a few tips on growing tilland- off you. I did that years ago and now realise if sias that were gleaned from here and there. I had been [rm I would have had some really a) DonRt mount a blooming plant. Cut super clumps today! off the bloom spike or mount before one ap- pears. When a bromeliad comes into bloom its roots cease to grow and the declining Why humidity is plantRs remaining vigour is con[ned to pro - ducing seed and offsets. Logical when you important to plants. come to think of it. (Anonymous) b) Select young plants with root growth in progress. This will give quicker results but (Reprinted, with permission, from Bro- any plant that is going to root anyway will do meliad, [Journal of the Bromeliad Society of so with good air circulation, good light and a New Zealand], March 2007, v.47(3), p. 12) good watering and fertiliser programme. All plants inhale carbon dioxide c) Beware of any treated wood. This is through their leaves. This gas is used in a killer. Salt water driftwood seems to have photosynthesis. As the plant opens its leaf no adverse affects but wash well with clear pores to take in carbon dioxide, some of the water just to be on the safe side. I leave mine moisture in the leaf can escape. Thus the out in the rain until it is time to use it, then plants sweat water vapour into the air when- bring it in and let it dry. ever they breathe. Bromeliaceae 38 Mar/Apr 2008 Quesnelia edmundoi var. rubrobracteata in\orescence
Quesnelia edmundoi var. rubrobracteata
Guzmania sanguinea QTricolorR pups. see story page 45
Hohenbergia leopoldo- horstii in\orescence see story pg 44
Bromeliaceae 39 Mar/Apr 2008 Dry air causes plants to transpire mois- A humid atmosphere that is not mov- ture much more rapidly than does humid air. ing, is also particularly undesirable. Damp, Water in the leaves evaporates very quickly stagnant conditions encourage mould and into air, causing the plant to lose moisture at bacterial diseases. A constantly moving, a rapid rate. When leaves begin to lose water light and buoyant atmosphere keeps plants faster than the roots can absorb it M disaster vigorous and healthy. strikes, in the form of self defence. In order not to lose more water to the air, the plant will almost completely close its leaf pores. Premature Pupping This slows down the \ow of moisture from the plant effectively, but unfortunately it also reduces the intake of carbon dioxide. Without (Editorial comment: [Bob Reilly]. carbon dioxide, the cells begin to die and the This article contains some interesting ideas plant looks tired and ill. on the causes of premature pupping. Re - The important point to remember is printed, with permission, from the Journal that dry air pulls water out of the leaves faster of the Bromeliad Society of New Zealand, than the roots can supply the leaves. Under (2007), v.47(4), pp 14-15). these conditions, it doesnRt matter how much Having received an unrooted pup of you water M it doesnRt help. Over watering Aechmea lueddemanniana (marginated) only reduces the amount of air in the soil and from a friend of mine I was very excited invites root rot. to get it growing. At the end of six weeks When plants have the right humidity very few roots had appeared. A week later, they thrive, because they open their pores a new initiation of growth was noticed at the completely and so breathe deeply without base of the pup. This new growth, which in threat of excessive water loss. When the air fact was a new pup, developed very slowly is moist, there is little water loss from the but evenly, at which time the pup from the leaf. Damping down the benches and sur- young plant was almost the same size as the rounds, also misting leaves will help keep the immature mother plant. The original pup was air moist. Rapid temperature rises damage 7 inches tall, the immature pup six inches, plants too. It means that the plantRs leaves and another pup 3 inches. A mature plant of become warm physiologically active, while this variety should range in size from 12-15 the root system in its solid rooting medium, inches before pupping. is still cold and physiologically dormant. The Premature pupping can occur for vari- active leaves are demanding large quantities ous reasons. One can be from removing the of water and nutrients which the root system pup while they are still soft and undersized cannot possibly supply. with no signs of root initiation. Early re- Under these conditions, photosynthe- moval can lead to rotting of the base as well sis, transpiration and other vital plant proc- as failure of the pup to get established. Pups esses are severely restricted and as a result, should be at least 1/3 the size of the mature developing \ower growth and new growth mother plant before removal. These factors are damaged. Rapid rises in temperature on were probably the reason premature pupping sunny days can be avoided by opening vents occurred in this case. Oftentimes foreign or doors early in the morning and letting the matter such as a grain of sand or a small piece greenhouse warm up gradually. Bromeliaceae 40 Mar/Apr 2008 of redwood or [r bark from the soil mix will plant, including an unrooted immature pup, fall into the center cup of the pup, injuring the to initiate putting. growth initials to abort \owering and initiate Premature pupping can also occur due pup production. It is best to handle pups care- to moisture stress where the pup went too fully in the process of removing them and to long between watering. Hot, drying winds use a sharp knife or long-nosed hand pruners inland and along the coast should be kept that make a smooth clean separation of the in mind for desiccating epiphytic plants as pup from the mother plant without injury to well as terrestrial ones. During this time, the base of the pup or to the mother. After the pup is removed, it should be placed in a clean WILDFIRE GARDEN area. Many times pups are left on the potting BROMELIAD NURSERY bench to callus the wound for a day or two ALCANTAREARS FOLIAGE VRIESEARS before being put into the growing medium, if NEOREGELIARS & OTHER GENERA no roots are present on the pup. Many pups VISITORS WELCOME get foreign matter such as the ones described BY APPOINTMENT above from the potting bench. Injury to the pup before and during Cheryl Basic removal is probably the most common reason 1560 Yandina-Coolum road Yandina. 4561 for premature pupping. Ph. 07 5472 8827 If the pup is not allowed enough pot Mob. 0403 193069 space to develop up and out, injury can occur. [email protected] Some of the leaves of the mother plant may have to be removed to let the pup develop MIDHURST properly, symmetrically and allow it enough light for development. Also, the tendency to BROMELIAD want to wiggle and especially grip the base of the pup too tightly can injure the tissues NURSERY enough to physiologically put the plant into a reproductive cycle. SPECIALIST GROWERS OF Excessive, unnecessary repotting of TILLANDSIA SEEDLINGS bromeliads should be avoided to reduce pre- Hard grown to suit All Australian mature pupping. Bromeliads of the epiphytic conditions nature have a very small root system that needs very little medium, if any, surrounding Wholesale and Mail Order Only it. The less mass of medium to the size of the Write for a free price list of Tillandsia root system, the better. Very few bromeliads and other genera to: should be potted up to a size larger than 4 MIDHURST BROMELIAD inches, but of course there are exceptions. NURSERY It is best not to let the water in the cen- tre cups of the bromeliads remain unchanged P. O. BOX 612 for more than two weeks so that stagnations HURSTBRIDGE, 3099 occurs and algae begin to form. This later can PHONE (03) 9718 2887 lead to bacterial or fungal diseases that will FAX (03) 9718 2760 kill off the center bud at any maturity of the EMAIL : [email protected] Bromeliaceae 41 Mar/Apr 2008 frequent fogging of a collection outside as and low humidity are enemies of many plants well as saturation of the growing medium requiring an environment similar to where is important. they are natively found. Temperature-humidity relationships Premature pupping of a bromeliad affect the timing of pupping. Perhaps a means that a longer time will be involved for drastic change in temperature, especially reaching a full mature specimen plant. warmer trends with a reduction in humidity, The food produced in the immature will cause any unrooted pup to send out a pup mother plant will now go toward develop- prematurely. Excessively high temperatures ment of the premature pup as the immature mother plant begins to decline before her characteristic form, size, and perhaps colour The Book! are reached. The premature pup will now OStarting with BromeliadsP is be the plant to watch and protect from in- 100 pages in length and contains over jury by moving or through reproduction. In 200 colour photographs of bromeliads this instance, it would be best to remove the and covers such topics as plant de- immature mother plant only after she has scriptions, caring for bromeliads, and completely exhausted her supply of nourish- landscaping with bromeliads. ment to the pup. This is the reverse idea of removing the pup from the mother and pos- sibly causing shock or injury to the pup where initiation prematurely may occur again. By the time the immature plant is exhausted, the premature pup should hope- fully be up to good size, with still somewhat retarded growth but with a good root system developed while still attached to the imma- ture mother. Further generations developing from the new pup will be in most cases the characteristic size at maturity when they will produce pups.
Some Bromeliad Tips The book is available for pur- (Compiled by Bob Reilly) chase at a price of $18 plus $3 P&P. Discounts available for bulk pur- 1. Over time, the writing on plant labels chases can fade. Many labels that have had the writ- To place your order please post ing on them Obleached outP can be read if held a money order to: at an angle in bright sunlight. The Secretary 2. It can be hard to see if \y speck scale Bromeliad Society of Queensland is dead after you have sprayed the plant. One PO Box 565, Fortitude Valley, method is to wait two weeks and then see if Queensland, Australia 4006 the scaleRs OshellP is a OdullP black, rather than a OshinyP black. Another test is to see Bromeliaceae 42 Mar/Apr 2008 Vr. QReo RedR unreg Vr. QOrange of ReoR unreg
Ae. QFelicityR unreg Ae. fasciata
Bromeliaceae 43 Mar/Apr 2008 if the scaleRs shell readily disintegrates when This plant was photographed with its owner you scratch it. by the Queensland Times newspaper. 3. If you would like to grow a plant that In May our society will be holding our is bigger than the parent, then leave the pup very [rst display at the Ipswich Agricultural on as long as possible. Cut away the leaves Show. Graeme Star has volunteered to over- of the mother plant to give the pup plenty of see this project and we hope it will provide light and minimise the risk of OelongationP a great deal of publicity for us within the or OmalformationP in the pupRs appearance. community. Tilting the parent plant on its side so that the At OctoberRs meeting we will be cel- pup is vertical may also help. ebrating our second anniversary and as Alan 4. Sometimes it is best not to remove Freeman is our patron, we are planning to pups at all. Many bromeliads look better in have a special day by trying to [ll our hall clumps; and, small, stoloniferous ones (such with as many beautiful Freeman hybrids as as many miniature neoregelias can look very possible. If you have any, we would love appealing in a basket or rockery. In such you to join us. cases, only remove the old, and dead, parent We meet every first Sunday of the plants. month (except January) at 2.00PM in the SDA 5. Billbergias make very good hanging church hall at 56 Hunter St. Brassall, 4305. container specimens. They can also be tied onto the fork of a tree or large shrub. Hohenbergia Ipswich & Districts leopoldo-horstii Bromeliad Society (by Bob Reilly) This plant is one of the nicest Hohen- Inc. bergias (see image pg. 39) . It grows better The society is now in its second year. in North Queensland than it does for me in It was announced by the outgoing president southern Queensland, but it is still a nice at the February AGM that we had reached a plant, even if it does grow relatively slowly membership of 75 and with more joining up here. since then we certainly are growing. A brief description is: After a change of executive and com- About 20, 6 to 8 cm wide, leaves form mittee, we have a group of people working an open, vase-like shape around 40 cm high. towards providing maximum opportunity The purple-black leaves are coated with for members to learn about their absorbing silver scur[ng and have distinct spines. The hobby in a relaxed, friendly and enjoyable in\orescence rises about 50 cm above the environment. plantRs leaves and consists of a number of The local Ipswich Horticultural Society small OconesP. The \owerRs petals are light annual show has been won for the last two purple. years by bromeliads, each time grown by our I grow the plant under 50% sarlon very keen member, Margaret Dixon .Last shade cloth, as this seems to bring out the best year she won with her Neo. QEnhancementR colour (the leaves turn almost black). I use a variegata and this year Margaret won with her free draining potting mix, with a slow-release lovely \owering Aechmea QShining LightR. fertiliser added to it. Bromeliaceae 44 Mar/Apr 2008 Pups Revisited FOREST DRIVE (by Bob Reilly) NURSERY In the September-October 2007 edi- Located at REPTON, South of Coffs tion of Bromeliaceae, there was an article Harbour, NSW on vegetative propagation which highlighted the desirability of never giving up on an old Specialising in species and varieties from mother plant until all the leaves are gone. mostly imported stock In that article, it showed a Guzmania sanguinea QTricolorR plant which did not have Tillandsias to Titillate even the most many leaves left, but was forming another discerning fanciers pup. That photo and another one taken in late Beautiful Vrieseas (including Silver April 2008 appear on p. 39. species), Guzmanias, The latter photo shows that the old Aechmeas, Neoregelias, etc . mother has produced quite a few more pups. Visitors Welcome, Please Phone First Alas, these may be the last, as only two leaves (02) 6655 4130 remain on the parent plant. Mail Order List - Send SAE Peter Tristram, PO Box 55, Repton, NSW, 2454 Bromeliad Seminar 5th July, 2008 BROMAGIC at the Uniting Hall, 52 Merthyr Rd., BROMELIAD New Farm, 9AM to 4PM, Core Time 10AM to 3PM, NURSERY
Pamela Koides, the owner of the 421 Hunchy Rd, Palmwoods 4555 Birdrock Tropicals nursery in the Unied Open to the Public States, has agreed to be the keynote Wednesday to Saturday 10:00 M 4:30 speaker for this event. Pamela will be A wide range of Bromeliads including giving one talk on Mexican tilandsias [rst release Neoregelia hybrids in their habitat, and another on her tillandsia hybrids. Web Site www.ozemail.com. Both will be illustrated by digital au/~bromagic/ images (computerised slides). Pamela On-Site Sales: Bernd Ruta / is an accomplished speaker, and is very Kirsty Kennedy 5478 8989 knowledgable about Tillandsias Wholesale: Keith Golinski Bring your own lunch - 54450441
Bromeliaceae 45 Mar/Apr 2008 ring of windmills, its on to Gary and Connie PitmanRs garden, Regency Downs, to practice Bus Trip - 23rd your putting on their manicured lawn, the August 2008 - Details bromeliads reaching for the sky in all their splendour and the ones peeking out from under low growing shrubs. Walking leisurely Departing Uniting Hall 52 Methyr amongst gardens enhanced with sandstone. Rd, New Farm 8.00AM, Pickup Palmdale Shotting Centre, Logan Rd, Mt Gravatt Morning tea provided,- bring your 8.15AM arrive back 4.30-5.00PM. own lunch. Our [rst stop for the day ill be the Kholo Botanic Gardens for morning tea, Price $20 then on to John and Joan Stevens at Laidley Plants on sale Heights under the canopy of palms, gum and For further information contact: cotton wood trees. An array of geraniums, Ruth - 3208 0546 after 4 PM succulents and a bonanza of bromeliads. Bev - 3208 7417 After walking down the winding gravel paths with the sound of birds and the whir- Calendar of Events 24-30 June 2008 - World Bromeliad Conference No. 18 - Cairns, Australia . For further details visit the event web site www.bromeliadsdownunder.com or contact the organizer Lynn Hudson at [email protected] or contact Greg Aizlewood on (07) 55461161 or if you prefer contact Lynn Hudson on phone (07) 40 533 913 5th July - Bromeliad Seminar - 9AM to 4PM, core time 10AM to 3PM, Pamela Koides, the owner of the Birdrock Tropicals nursery in the Unied States, has agreed to be the key- note speaker for this event. Bring your own lunch- see advert page 45 23rd August - BSQ Bus Trip - Departing Uniting Hall 52 Methyr Rd, New Farm 8.00AM, Pickup Palmdale Shotting Centre, Logan Rd, Mt Gravatt 8.15AM arrive back 4.30-5.00PM.- Price $20 - Plants on sale -For further information contact: Ruth - 3208 0546 after 4 PM or Bev - 3208 7417 11th October Stockade Nursery Open Day - 9-12 AM 70 Wades Road, Bellmere, Qld. See add in Bromeliaceae for details 4th December - BSQ Christmas Party - Lakeside Gardens, Mt Cootha - Camella Room. Because of the increasing numbers of members attending the party the management com- mittee has decided that we should break with tradition with the choice of venue. Another alteration will be the necessity to buy tickets in advance for the party because to aid the caters in making sure the event is well supplied with food. BROMADELAIDE 2009 - 2009 Easter weekend - see add in Bromeliaceae (Pg 36) for details
GENERAL MEETINGS of the Society are held on the 3rd Thursday of each month except for December, at the Uniting Hall, 52 Merthyr Rd., New Farm, Brisbane, commenc- ing 7.30 pm. Classes for beginners commence at 7.00 pm. Bromeliaceae 46 Mar/Apr 2008 Plant of the Month Programme for 2008 FEBRUARY: Ananus, Intergeneric Plants, Tillandsias and Full-sun Neoregelias. MARCH: Cryptanthus, Tillandsias, Full-sun Aechmeas and Canistrums APRIL: Cryptanthus, Tillandsias MAY: Spotted Neoregelias, Orthophytums, Tillandsias and Variegated Bromeliads JUNE: Alcantareas, Foliage Vrieseas, Dyckias, Hechtias and Asterias JULY: Billbergias, Pitcairnias, Cerepegias, Hoyas, Nidulariums and Agaves. AUGUST: Billbergias, Foliage Vrieseas, Catopsis and Miniature Neoregelias. SEPTEMBER: Billbergias and Guzmanias. OCTOBER: Vrieseas, Neoregelias, Nidulariums, Guzmanias and Crassulaceae. NOVEMBER: Not often seen Bromeliads and Succulents Competition Schedule for 2008
Novice, Intermediate and Advanced in each Class of the Mini-Shows and in the Popular Vote. January: MINI-SHOW Class 1: Aechmea - species and hybrids Class 2: Vriesea - species and hybrids Class 3: Dyckia - species and hybrids Class 4: Any Other Mature (\owering) Bromeliad - species and hybrids. February : POPULAR VOTE: Any Genus M species or hybrid, Novelty Bromeliad Display March: POPULAR VOTE: Any Genus M species or hybrid, Novelty Bromeliad Display April: MINI-SHOW Class 1:Bromelioideae not listed elsewhere in the schedule M species and hybrids. Class 2: Guzmania - species and hybrids Class 3: Pitcairnia and Pepinia - species and hybrids Class 4: Any Other Mature (\owering) Bromeliad - species and hybrids. May: POPULAR VOTE: Any Genus M species or hybrid, Novelty Bromeliad Display June: POPULAR VOTE: Any Genus M species or hybrid, Novelty Bromeliad Display
July: MINI-SHOW Class 1: Billbergia - species and hybrids Class 2: Tillandsioideae not listed elsewhere in the schedule M species and hybrids. Class 3: Neoregelia - species and hybrids M up to 200mm diameter when mature. Class 4: Any Other Mature (\owering) Bromeliad - species and hybrids. August: POPULAR VOTE: Any Genus M species or hybrid, Novelty Bromeliad Display September: POPULAR VOTE: Any Genus M species or hybrid, Novelty Bromeliad Display October: MINI-SHOW Class 1: Neoregelia - species and hybrids M over 200mm diameter when mature. Class 2: Tillandsia - species and hybrids. Class 3: Pitcairnioideae not listed elsewhere in the schedule M species and hybrids. Class 4: Any Other Mature (\owering) Bromeliad - species and hybrids. November : POPULAR VOTE: Any Genus M species or hybrid, Novelty Bromeliad Display
Note 1: Class 4 in each Mini Show schedule provides for any \owering bromeliad that would not be in its prime for the appropriate Mini Show.
Note 2: Class 1 (April), Class 2 (July) and Class 3 (October) provide for plants from these subfamilies not elsewhere included in the Mini Show schedule.
Bromeliaceae 47 Mar/Apr 2008 Guzmania QIndianaR
Bromeliaceae 48 Mar/Apr 2008