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Expedition 2014 Balearic Islands Cabrera National Park and Mallorca Channel Seamounts

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Expedition 2014 Balearic Islands Cabrera National Park and Mallorca Channel Seamounts Expedition 2014 Balearic Islands Cabrera National Park and Mallorca Channel Seamounts August 2015 Expedition 2014 Balearic Islands Cabrera National Park and Mallorca Channel Seamounts INTRODUCTION This study details the results of the oceanographic campaign undertaken by Oceana in waters off the Balearic Islands in August 2014, to investigate the marine areas of Fort d'en Moreu and the seamounts in the Mallorca Channel. After several expeditions in this area by Oceana over the past few years, there is a wealth of scientific information available. We have combined important knowledge about the habitats and species present on the sea floor, and have drawn up long lists of species and habitats that are, among other things, protected, threatened or of commercial interest. As this involves the protection of a large marine area, the more knowledge we have about the ecosystems present the better, as this will enable us to develop a more comprehensive, accurate and appropriate protection proposal. For this reason, in August 2014 Oceana undertook its sixth oceanographic expedition to the waters off the Balearic Archipelago, with the aim of increasing our knowledge of the biodiversity of the two zones proposed for protection: the surroundings of the Cabrera National Park and the seamounts in the Mallorca Channel (Figure 1). The research carried out has resulted in a considerable increase in the surface area investigated and the information available on the ecosystems and communities present. Figure 1. Surveyed areas at Expedition 2014 Balearic Islands In the area studied to the east of the Cabrera National Park, in the neighbourhood of the coralligenous reef known as Fort d'en Moreu, within the limits of the area proposed for the extension of the National Park, it has been demonstrated that the rhodolith beds are more widely distributed than was previously thought, particularly to north and northwest of this reef. These sea floors are of enormous ecological importance, given the diversity of species that live there. The habitats are protected by various fishery and environmental legislation at national and international levels. Their conservation requires detailed studies and description, 2 Expedition 2014 Balearic Islands Cabrera National Park and Mallorca Channel Seamounts and is obligatory for Member States and all the signatory States of the Barcelona Convention, Spain being among these. In the seamounts of the Mallorca Channel, named Emile Baudot, Ausiàs March and Ses Olives, new deep areas have been studied, resulting in several interesting findings. On the one hand, habitats have been documented whose presence was previously unknown in this area, including extensive fields of crustaceans from the Ampeliscidae family. On the other, we have gathered new data on the presence and distribution of black coral gardens (Leiopathes glaberrima), fields of bamboo coral (Isidella elongata), ancient coral reefs (possibly Madrepora oculata and Lophelia pertusa), and fields of rare lithistid sponges (Leiodermatium pfeifferae), all of which are habitats of enormous scientific and ecological interest. A further highlight was the discovery of four amphorae and, observed via a radar system, what seems to be a set of at least 33 further amphorae, at a depth of 500 m on one of the slopes of Ses Olives. METHODS The campaign was carried out on board the research catamaran B/O SOCIB, from the 4th‐12th August, in two principal areas: the coralligenous reef Fort d' in Moreu and its surroundings (north and west), located to the east of the Cabrera National Park; and the Emile Baudot, Ausiàs March, and Ses Olives seamounts in the Mallorca Channel. When bad weather prevented work in these zones, studies were carried out in more protected spots near the coast, including West Formentera Island and the marine zone off Sa Dragonera Island. These zones have been investigated by Oceana in earlier expeditions and also proposed as protected areas because of their high ecological value. Activities carried out ‐ Visual documentation of the water column and the sea floor. Using a Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) Seaeye Falcon DR, photos and videos were taken of the water column and the sea floor. These images are displayed directly and recorded for later viewing and analysis. A total of 55 ROV transects were made, 49 in the main study areas (36 in the Fort d'en Moreu zone and 13 in the Mallorca Channel seamount area), and 6 more in the two secondary areas, the marine area of Sa Dragonera Island and West Formentera Island (Table 1). ‐ Collection of sediment samples and benthic organisms. Using the ROV's articulated arm, benthic organisms not visually identified were collected, for their later identification in the lab. Two Van Veen grab samples were also taken, from the sea floors of Fort d'en Moreu and Ausiàs March, to collect sediment and benthic organisms. (Table 2). ‐ Surface sightings of cetaceans and other species. During the cruises, Oceana personnel recorded surface sightings of cetaceans, turtles, fish, birds and other species. This information is included in the description of zones for protection, and is especially relevant if it includes protected species or those of commercial value (Table 3). 3 Expedition 2014 Balearic Islands Cabrera National Park and Mallorca Channel Seamounts ROV ©OCEANA/Enrique Talledo B/O SOCIB ©OCEANA/Enrique Talledo Table 1. Dives carried out ZM N DATES ROV POSITION (LAT. LON) HABITAT (m) 1 04/08/14 FM01 39⁰10.5405'N 03⁰05.0371'E 77 Posidonia oceanica dead leaves 2 04/08/14 FM02 39⁰10.5901'N 03⁰04.3059'E 71 Posidonia oceanica dead leaves Rhodolith bed, Posidonia oceanica dead 3 04/08/14 FM03 39⁰11.1618'N 03⁰03.6914'E 61 leaves Rhodolith bed, Posidonia oceanica dead 4 04/08/14 FM04 39⁰10.8255'N 03⁰04.4749'E 63 leaves Rhodolith bed, Posidonia oceanica dead 5 04/08/14 FM05 39⁰10.7282'N 03⁰03.0187'E 63 leaves 6 04/08/14 FM06 39⁰10.6007'N 03⁰02.6233'E 65 Rhodolith bed Rhodolith bed, Posidonia oceanica dead 7 04/08/14 FM07 39⁰10.4445'N 03⁰01.5563'E 65 leaves Rhodolith bed, Posidonia oceanica dead 8 04/08/14 FM08 39⁰11.0793'N 03⁰01.0496'E 54 leaves 9 04/08/14 FM09 39⁰10.7980'N 03⁰00.5083'E 50 Rhodolith bed 10 05/08/14 FM10 39⁰10.3777'N 03⁰00.5484'E 58 Live and dead rhodoliths 11 05/08/14 FM11 39⁰10.3306'N 03⁰00.0127'E 50 Live and dead rhodoliths 12 05/08/14 FM12 39⁰09.7300'N 03⁰00.7933'E 75 Rhodolith bed 13 05/08/14 FM13 39⁰09.0468'N 03⁰00.4738'E 86 Dead rhodoliths 14 05/08/14 FM14 39⁰08.7340'N 03⁰00.7555'E 90 Sandy bottom, Ophiuroidea 15 05/08/14 FM15 39⁰08.5137'N 03⁰00.7597'E 95 Sandy bottom 16 05/08/14 FM16 39⁰07.9667'N 03⁰00.9186'E 102 Sandy‐muddy bottom 17 05/08/14 FM24 39⁰07.9912'N 03⁰00.2585'E 101 Sandy‐muddy bottom, Echinoidea 18 05/08/14 FM23 39⁰08.7437'N 03⁰00.1979'E 89 Sandy‐muddy bottom 19 05/08/14 FM22 39⁰09.9312'N 03⁰00.1149'E 63 Rhodolith bed 20 05/08/14 FM21 39⁰11.0326'N 03⁰00.0299'E 44 Rhodolith bed 21 05/08/14 FM20 39⁰10.6262'N 03⁰01.7644'E 64 Rhodolith bed, Posidonia oceanica dead Rhodolith bed, Posidonia oceanica dead 22 06/08/14 FM19 39⁰10.4151'N 03⁰02.0289'E 65 leaves 23 06/08/14 FM18 39⁰10.3545'N 03⁰04.0520'E 71 Posidonia oceanica dead leaves Live and dead rhodoliths, Posidonia 24 06/08/14 FM17 39⁰10.4429'N 03⁰04.7889'E 76 oceanica dead leaves 25 06/08/14 FM25 39⁰10.2170'N 03⁰00.2184'E 65 Rhodolith bed 26 06/08/14 FM26 39⁰10.0085'N 02⁰59.9982'E 58 Rhodolith bed 27 06/08/14 FM27 39⁰09.5501'N 02⁰59.9955'E 72 Dead rhodoliths 28 06/08/14 FM28 39⁰09.3892'N 03⁰00.8772'E 80 Dead rhodoliths 29 06/08/14 FM29 39⁰08.3317'N 03⁰00.0973'E 95 Posidonia oceanica dead leaves 30 06/08/14 FM30 39⁰08.1734'N 03⁰00.5689'E 95 Sandy‐muddy bottom, Ophiuroidea 31 06/08/14 FM31 39⁰09.9486'N 03⁰00.5791'E 64 Rhodolith bed 32 07/08/14 FMT1 39⁰08.5650'N 03⁰03.1076'E 90 Rhodolith bed, coralligenous 33 07/08/14 FM32 39⁰09.8200'N 03⁰02.1169'E 69 Rhodolith bed 34 07/08/14 FM33 39⁰10.0582'N 03⁰03.8567'E 63 Coralligenous, Alcyonacea 35 07/08/14 FM34 39⁰09.2036'N 03⁰04.2458'E 65 Coralligenous, Phaeophyceae 36 07/08/14 FMT2 39⁰08.8725'N 03⁰02.5134'E 83 Coralligenous 4 Expedition 2014 Balearic Islands Cabrera National Park and Mallorca Channel Seamounts Overhangs with Neopycnodonte zibrowii, 37 08/08/14 EB01 38⁰45.8550'N 02⁰28.3560'E 542 coral framework 38 08/08/14 EB02 38⁰41.1400'N 02⁰22.3670'E 832 Mud with burrows, coral framework Mud with burrows, coral framework, 39 08/08/14 EB03 38⁰37.2190'N 02⁰26.4510'E 695 gorgonian forest, stone sponges field 40 09/08/14 EB04 38⁰38.5170'N 02⁰32'8710'E 756 Mud with burrows 41 09/08/14 WF01 38⁰44.0710'N 01⁰19.3240'E 89 Sandy bottom, Echinodermata 42 09/08/14 WF02 38⁰48.4310'N 01⁰17.4830'E 104 Spinimuricea cf.
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