DOCSLIB.ORG

1 Introduction

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
1 Introduction Notes 1 Introduction 1. H. Thörn (2006) Anti-Apartheid and the Emergence of a Global Civil Society (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan), p. 6; see also A. Klotz (1995) Norms in International Relations: The Struggle Against Apartheid (Ithaca: Cornell University Press). 2. P. Byrne (1997) Social Movements in Britain (London: Routledge), p. 174. 3. Quoted in A. Bank (1999) ‘The Politics of Mythology: The Genealogy of the Philip Myth’, Journal of Southern African Studies, 25, 3, 474. 4. See, for example, G. E. Cory (1913) The Rise of South Africa – A History of the Origin of South African Colonisation and of Its Development towards the East from the Earliest Times to 1857, Vol II (London: Longmans, Green and Co.), pp. 403–04. 5. A. Steward (1956) You are Wrong Father Huddleston (London: Bodley Head). 6. Macmillan self-consciously attempted to resuscitate the reputation of Philip in two books, based upon Philip’s own papers: W. M. Macmillan (1927) The Cape Colour Question – A Historical Survey (London: Faber & Gwyer); W. M. Macmillan (1963) Bantu, Boer, Britain – The Making of a South African Native Problem (London: Clarendon Press). 7. Macmillan The Cape Colour Question, p. 283. 8. Times, 29 November 1952. 9. N. C. Crawford and A. Klotz (1999) How Sanctions Work – Lessons From South Africa (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan). For an overview of debate from the 1980s, see M. Orkin (1989) Sanctions Against Apartheid (Cape Town: David Philip), while the US perspective is provided by D. Marmelstein (1987) The Anti-Apartheid Reader (New York: Grove Press), pp. 334–420. 10. Andrew Thompson, ‘Publicity, Philanthropy and Commemoration: British Society and the War’, in Omissi and Thompson (2002) The Impact of the South African War (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan), pp. 99–123. 11. R. Hyam (1972) The Failure of South African Expansion, 1908–1948 (London: Macmillan); see also R. Hyam and P. Henshaw (2003) The Lion and the Springbok – Britain and South Africa since the Boer War (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press). 12. See for example, S. Marks (1990) ‘History, the Nation and Empire: Sniping from the Periphery’ History Workshop Journal, 29, 1, 111–19. The reference to ‘gentlemanly capitalists’ is, of course from P. J. Cain and A. G. Hopkins (1993) British Imperialism – 1688–2000 (London: Longman). 13. A. Lester (2001) Imperial Networks – Creating Identities in Nineteenth-Century South Africa and Britain (London: Rouledge). 14. Thörn Anti-Apartheid, p. 8. 15. A. Lent (2001) British Social Movements since 1945 – Sex, Colour, Peace and Power (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan). 203 204 Notes 16. A. Klotz (2002) ‘Transnational Activism and Global Transformations: The Anti-Apartheid and Abolitionist Experiences’, European Journal of International Relations, 8, 1, 69. Emphasis in original. 17. M. E. Keck and K. Sikkink (1998) Activists beyond Borders – Advocacy Networks in International Politcs (Ithaca: Cornell University Press), p. 1; on mission humanitarians see Lester, Imperial Networks; E. Elbourne (2002) Blood Ground: Colonialism, Missions and the Contest for Christianity in the Cape Colony and Britain, 1799–1853 (Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press); see also C. Hall (2002) Civilising Subjects: Metropole and Colony in the English Imagination, 1830–1867 (Cambridge: Polity). 18. Lester Imperial Networks, pp. 189–91. 19. Keck and Sikkink Activists beyond Borders, pp. 214–15. 20. Thörn Anti-Apartheid, pp. 9–11. 21. Keck and Sikkink Activists beyond Borders, p. 215. 22. Thörn Anti-Apartheid, p. 207. 23. J. Hearn (2006) Rethinking Nationalism: A Critical Introduction (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan). 24. F. Furedi (1994) Colonial Wars and the Politics of Third World Nationalism (London: IB Tauris). 25. Gunnar Jahn, Nobel Peace Prize Presentation Speech, 10 December 1961, Nobel Foundation, available at http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/ laureates/1960/press.html, accessed 1 February 2010. 2 Humanitarian Networks and Segregation 1. Foreign Mission Chronicle, January 1900, p. 21. 2. Hansard, House of Lords Debates, 17 October 1899 Vol. 77, Cols. 3–39. 3. G. Cuthbertson (2002) ‘Preaching Imperialism: Wesleyan Methodism and the War’, in Omissi and Thompson, The Impact of the South African War (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan), pp. 157–72. 4. Lester, Imperial Networks – Creating Identities in Nineteenth-Century South Africa and Britain (London: Rouledge), pp. 105–30; T. Keegan (1996) Colonial South Africa and the Origins of the Racial Order (London: Leicester University Press), pp. 75–128. 5. M. Blunden (1980) ‘The Anglican Church during the War’, in P. Warwick (ed.) The South African War – The Anglo-Boer War 1899–1902 (Harlow: Longman), pp. 279–92. 6. A. Porter (2004) Religion versus Empire? British Protestant Missionaries and Overseas Expansion, 1700–1914 (Manchester: Manchester University Press), pp. 12–13. 7. J. A. Munson, cited in G. Cuthbertson (2000) ‘Pricking the “nonconformist conscience”: Religion against the South African War’, in D. Lowry, The South African War Reappraised (Manchester: Manchester University Press), p. 172. 8. Ibid. 9. H. H. Hewison (1989) Hedge of Wild Almonds – South Africa, the Pro-Boers and the Quaker Conscience, 1890–1910 (Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann), pp. 178–80. 10. Times, 11 April 1900; Times, 4 July 1900. 11. J. A. Hobson (1902) Imperialism: A Study (London: Allen and Unwin), p. 56. Notes 205 12. See P. J. Cain (2002) Hobson and Imperialism: Radicalism, New Liberalism and Finance 1887–1938 (Oxford: Oxford University Press); P. J. Cain (2002) ‘British Radicalism, the South African Crisis, and the Origins of the Theory of Financial Imperialism’, in Omissi and Thompson, The Impact of the South African War (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan), pp. 173–93; N. Etherington (1984) Theories of Imperialism (Beckenham: Croom Helm); S. Edgell and J. Townshend (1992) ‘John Hobson, Thorstein Veblen and the Phenomenon of Imperialism: Finance Capital, Patriotism and War’, American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 51, 4, 401–20. 13. B. Porter (1980) ‘The Pro-Boers in Britain’, in Warwick, The South African War, the Anglo-Boer War 1899–1902 (London: Longman), pp. 242–4. 14. Oliver Schreiner to Jan Smuts, 23 January 1899, in K. Hancock (1966) Selections from the Smuts Papers, Vol I (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), pp. 215–17. 15. W. C. Willoughby (1900) ‘Some Phases of the South African Native Question from a Missionary Standpoint’, in Students and the Missionary Problem (London: SVMU), pp. 297–8. 16. Times, 26 August 1901. 17. Thomas Fowell Buxton (1900) ‘The Native Question in South Africa’, The Anti-Slavery Reporter and Aborigine’s Friend, 20, 5, 155. 18. Anon (1903) ‘Native Labour in South Africa’, The Anti-Slavery Reporter and Aborigines’ Friend, 23, 1, 13–19. 19. Anon (1902) ‘The Native Question in South Africa’, The Anti-Slavery Reporter and Aborigines’ Friend, 22, 1, 3–7. 20. A. Ashforth (1990) The Politics of Official Discourse in Twentieth Century South Africa (Oxford: Clarendon Press), pp. 25–9. 21. Ibid., p. 53. 22. See, for example, M. Legassick (1995) ‘British Hegemony and the Origins of Segregation in South Africa, 1901–14’, in Beinart and Dubow, Segregation and Apartheid in Twentieth Century South Africa (London: Routledge), pp. 43–59; S. Dubow (1989) Racial Segregation and the Origins of Apartheid in South Africa, 1919–36 (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan). The influence of Pim is also outlined in Hewison Hedge of Wild Almonds, pp. 287–88. 23. Legassick, ‘British Hegemony’, p. 55; see also Hyam and Henshaw, The Lion and the Springbok, pp. 76–101. 24. G. Stedman Jones (1974) ‘Working-Class Culture and Working-Class Politics in London, 1870–1900’, Journal of Social History, 7, 4, 460–508; R. Price (1972) An Imperial War and the British Working Class (London: Routledge). 25. Thompson, ‘Publicity, Philanthropy and Commemoration’. 26. P. B. Rich (1990) Race and Empire in British Politics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), pp. 36–7. 27. K. Grant (2001) ‘Christian Critics of Empire: Missionaries, Lantern Lectures, and the Congo Reform Campaign in Britain’, Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, 29, 2, 28–9. 28. A. Hochschild (1999) King Leopold’s Ghost (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan), p. 241. 29. G. Fredrickson (1995) Black Liberation – A Comparative History of Black Ideologies in the United States and Africa (Oxford: Oxford University Press). 206 Notes 30. M. C. B. Mason (1896) ‘The Methodist Episcopal Church and the Evangelization of Africa’, in J. W. E. Bowen, Africa and the American Negro – Addresses and Proceedings of the Congress on Africa (Atlanta: Franklin Press), p. 148. 31. H. K. Carroll (1896) ‘The Negro in the Twentieth Century’, in J. W. Bowen, Africa and the American Negro, pp. 161–2. 32. Noer, Briton, Boer and Yankee, p. 41. 33. William Taylor (1896) ‘Self-Supporting Missions in Africa’, in Bowen (ed.) Africa and the American Negro, p. 157. 34. Bishop Henry Turner (1896) ‘The American Negro and the Fatherland’, in Bowen (ed), Africa and the American Negro, p. 198. 35. T. Adeleke (1998) UnAfrican Americans: Nineteenth-Century Black Nationalists and the Civilizing Mission (Lexington: University of Kentucky Press). 36. On the establishment of the AME Church, see James T. Campbell (1998) Songs of Zion: The African Methodist Episcopal Church in the United States and South Africa (Chapel Hill & London: University of North Carolina Press). On his visit to South Africa, Turner was introduced to Paul Kruger, who did not appear to share the concerns of white missionaries regarding the independ- ent church – Noer, Briton, Boer and Yankee, p. 59. 37. On Henderson, see P. B. Rich (1987) ‘The Appeals of Tuskegee: James Henderson, Lovedale, and the Fortunes of South African Liberalism, 1906–1930’, The International Journal of African Historical Studies, 20, 2, 271–92. 38. R. Elphick (1997) ‘The Benevolent Empire and the Social Gospel: Missionaries and South African Christians in the Age of Segregation’, in Elphick and Davenport, Christianity in South Africa: A Political, Social and Cultural History (Cape Town: David Philip), p. 355. 39. P. Walshe (1970) The Rise of African Nationalism in South Africa: The African National Congress, 1912–1952 (London: Hurst), pp.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Pre-Listing Statement
    AYO TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS LIMITED (previously known as Sekunjalo Technology Solutions Limited) (incorporated in the Republic of South Africa) Registration number: 1996/014461/06 JSE share code: AYO ISIN: ZAE000252441 (“AYO Technology” or “the Company”) PRE-LISTING STATEMENT The definitions and interpretations commencing on page 12 of this Pre-listing Statement apply to this cover page. This Pre-listing Statement is not an invitation to the public to subscribe for securities, but is issued in compliance with the JSE Listings Requirements, for the purpose of providing information to the public with regard to AYO Technology. This Pre-listing Statement does not constitute, envisage or represent an offer to the public, as envisaged in the Companies Act, nor does it constitute a prospectus registered in terms of the Companies Act. This Pre-listing Statement is issued in respect of the Private Placement, to be undertaken by AYO Technology in conjunction with the Listing, involving an offer to Invited Investors to subscribe for Private Placement Shares in AYO Technology at the Placement Price, such placement to be implemented by: 1. AYO Technology issuing up to 99 782 655 new Shares to Invited Investors at an issue price of R43.00 per share, thereby raising R4.3 billion for AYO Technology; and 2. the subsequent Listing of all the Shares of AYO Technology in the Computer Services sector on the main board of the JSE. 2017 Opening date of Private Placement on Wednesday, 13 December Closing date of Private Placement at 17:00 on Friday, 15 December Results of Private Placement released on SENS on Monday, 18 December General Meeting to approve the issuing of the Private Placement Shares and the B-BBEE Consortium Shares at 10:00 on Monday, 18 December Listing of Shares on the JSE expected at commencement of trade at 9:00 on Thursday, 21 December Notes: 1 Please refer to the “Salient Dates and Times” section on page 11 of the Pre-listing Statement for a detailed timetable of the Private Placement and the Listing.
    [Show full text]
  • Women in the Legal Profession in South Africa: Traversing the Tensions from the Bar to the Bench
    1 WOMEN IN THE LEGAL PROFESSION IN SOUTH AFRICA: TRAVERSING THE TENSIONS FROM THE BAR TO THE BENCH By RUDO RUNAKO CHITAPI UNIVERISITY OF CAPE TOWN LLM IN PUBLIC LAW MINOR DISSERATION Student number: CHTRUD003 Supervisors: Tabeth Masengu and Kelley Moult Word count: 28 256 Research dissertation/research paper presented for the approval of Senate in fulfilment of part of the requirements for the LLM in Public Law in approved courses and minor dissertation. The other part of the requirement for this qualification was the completion of a programme of courses. I hereby declare that I have read and understood the regulations governing the submission of LLM in Public dissertations, including those relating to length and plagiarism, as contained in the rules of this University, and that this dissertation conforms to those regulations. Signature: Date: University of Cape Town The copyright of this thesis vests in the author. No quotation from it or information derived from it is to be published without full acknowledgement of the source. The thesis is to be used for private study or non- commercial research purposes only. Published by the University of Cape Town (UCT) in terms of the non-exclusive license granted to UCT by the author. University of Cape Town 2 I came to this place thinking that merit was everything that all you needed in life was your brains and your ability to work hard... years later I know better on a whole number of scores. (Participant D) 3 Contents I. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 5 II. WOMEN IN THE LEGAL PROFESSION: THE ISSUES .............................................. 9 1.
    [Show full text]
  • DOORNFONTEIN and ITS AFRICAN WORKING CLASS, 1914 to 1935*• a STUDY of POPULAR CULTURE in JOHANNESBURG Edward Koch a Dissertati
    DOORNFONTEIN AND ITS AFRICAN WORKING CLASS, 1914 TO 1935*• A STUDY OF POPULAR CULTURE IN JOHANNESBURG Edward Koch I A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of Arts University of the witwatersrand, Johannesburg for the Degree of Master of Arts. Johannesburg 1983. Fc Tina I declare that this dissertation is my own, unaided work. It is being submitted for the degree of Master of Arts in the University of the Wlj Witwaterirand Johanneaourg. It has not been submitted before for any H 1 9 n degree or examination- in any other University. till* dissertation is a study of the culture that was made by tha working people who lived in the slums of Johannesburg in the inter war years. This was a period in which a large proportion of the city's black working classes lived in slums that spread across the western, central and eastern districts of the central city area E B 8 mKBE M B ' -'; of Johannesburg. Only after the mid 1930‘s did the state effectively segregate the city and move most of the black working classes to the municipal locations that they live in today. The culture that was created in the slums of Johannesburg is significant for a number of reasons. This culture shows that the newly formed 1 urban african classes wore not merely the passive agents of capitalism. These people were able to respond, collectively, to the conditions that the development of capitalism thrust them into and to shape and influence the conditions and pro­ cesses that they were subjected to. The culture that embodied these popular res­ ponses was so pervasive that it's name, Marabi, is also the name given by many people to the era, between the two world wars, when it thrived.
    [Show full text]
  • Mary Benson's at the Still Point and the South African Political Trial
    Safundi The Journal of South African and American Studies ISSN: 1753-3171 (Print) 1543-1304 (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/rsaf20 Stenographic fictions: Mary Benson’s At the Still Point and the South African political trial Louise Bethlehem To cite this article: Louise Bethlehem (2019) Stenographic fictions: Mary Benson’s AttheStillPoint and the South African political trial, Safundi, 20:2, 193-212, DOI: 10.1080/17533171.2019.1576963 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/17533171.2019.1576963 © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. Published online: 08 May 2019. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 38 View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=rsaf20 SAFUNDI: THE JOURNAL OF SOUTH AFRICAN AND AMERICAN STUDIES 2019, VOL. 20, NO. 2, 193–212 https://doi.org/10.1080/17533171.2019.1576963 Stenographic fictions: Mary Benson’s At the Still Point and the South African political trial Louise Bethlehem Principal Investigator, European Research Council Project APARTHEID-STOPS, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel ABSTRACT KEYWORDS From the mid-1960s onward, compilations of the speeches and trial South African political trials; addresses of South African opponents of apartheid focused atten- Mary Benson; the Holocaust; tion on the apartheid regime despite intensified repression in the Eichmann trial; wake of the Rivonia Trial. Mary Benson’s novel, At the Still Point, multidirectional memory transposes the political trial into fiction. Its “stenographic” codes of representation open Benson’s text to what Paul Gready, following Foucault, has analyzed as the state’s “power of writing”: one that entangles the political trialist in a coercive intertextual negotiation with the legal apparatus of the apartheid regime.
    [Show full text]
  • 19Th Century Tragedy, Victory, and Divine Providence As the Foundations of an Afrikaner National Identity
    Georgia State University ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University History Theses Department of History Spring 5-7-2011 19th Century Tragedy, Victory, and Divine Providence as the Foundations of an Afrikaner National Identity Kevin W. Hudson Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/history_theses Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Hudson, Kevin W., "19th Century Tragedy, Victory, and Divine Providence as the Foundations of an Afrikaner National Identity." Thesis, Georgia State University, 2011. https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/history_theses/45 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of History at ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in History Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 19TH CENTURY TRAGEDY, VICTORY, AND DIVINE PROVIDENCE AS THE FOUNDATIONS OF AN AFRIKANER NATIONAL IDENTITY by KEVIN W. HUDSON Under the DireCtion of Dr. Mohammed Hassen Ali and Dr. Jared Poley ABSTRACT Apart from a sense of racial superiority, which was certainly not unique to white Cape colonists, what is clear is that at the turn of the nineteenth century, Afrikaners were a disparate group. Economically, geographically, educationally, and religiously they were by no means united. Hierarchies existed throughout all cross sections of society. There was little political consciousness and no sense of a nation. Yet by the end of the nineteenth century they had developed a distinct sense of nationalism, indeed of a volk [people; ethnicity] ordained by God. The objective of this thesis is to identify and analyze three key historical events, the emotional sentiments evoked by these nationalistic milestones, and the evolution of a unified Afrikaner identity that would ultimately be used to justify the abhorrent system of apartheid.
    [Show full text]
  • The Contribution of Judge Oliver Deneys Schreiner to the Development of South African Tax Law “A Mark That Cannot Be Erased”
    UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN DEPARTMENT OF FINANCE AND TAX THE CONTRIBUTION OF JUDGE OLIVER DENEYS SCHREINER TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOUTH AFRICAN TAX LAW “A MARK THAT CANNOT BE ERASED” A minor dissertation presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Town Degree of Cape MASTERS ofIN TAXATION by MARGIE MABUDAFHASI University(CHRMAR013) 2013 SUPERVISOR: PROFESSOR PETER SURTEES The copyright of this thesis vests in the author. No quotation from it or information derived from it is to be published without full acknowledgementTown of the source. The thesis is to be used for private study or non- commercial research purposes only. Cape Published by the University ofof Cape Town (UCT) in terms of the non-exclusive license granted to UCT by the author. University PLAGIARISM DECLARATION I know that plagiarism is wrong. Plagiarism is to use another’s work and pretend that it is one’s own. I have used the Harvard convention for citation and referencing. Each contribution to, and quotation in, this thesis from the work(s) of other people has been attributed, and has been cited and referenced. This thesis is my own work. I have not allowed, and will not allow, anyone to copy my work with the intention of passing it off as his or her own work. I acknowledge that copying someone else’s assignment, essay or paper or part of it is wrong, and declare that this is my own work. Signature ______________________________ Date __________________________________ i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost to my husband Benedict, who has been supportive and understanding during this season of my life, thank you for believing in me and holding the fort.
    [Show full text]
  • Literaturverzeichnis
    Literaturverzeichnis Jürgen Peter Schmied Sebastian Haffner Eine Biographie 683 Seiten, Gebunden ISBN: 978-3-406-60585-7 © Verlag C.H.Beck oHG, München Quellen- und Literaturverzeichnis I. Quellen A Ungedruckte Quellen 1. Akten Archiv der Humboldt Universität zu Berlin. Matrikelbuch, Rektorat, 600/116. Jur. Fak., Bd. 309. BBC Written Archive Centre, Reading. RCont 1, Sebastian Haffner File 1. Bundesarchiv. Personalakte Raimund Pretzel, R 3001, 71184. Personalakte Raimund Pretzel, ehemals BDC, RKK 2101, Box 0963, File 09. Bundesbehörde für die Unterlagen des Staatssicherheitsdienstes der ehemaligen Deutschen Demokratischen Republik, Berlin. ZA, MfS – HA IX/11. AF Pressemappe. ZA, MfS – HA IX/11. AF Z I, Bd. 3. ZA, MfS – HA IX/11. AF N-II, Bd. 1, Bd. 2. ZA, MfS – F 16/HVA. ZA, MfS – F 22/HVA. National Archives, Kew. FO 371/24424 FO 371/26554 FO 371/106085 HO 334/219 INF 1/119 KV 2/1129 KV 2/1130 PREM 11/3357 Politisches Archiv des Auswärtigen Amtes, Berlin. B 8, Bd. 1498. B 11, Bd. 1019. 2 2. Nachlässe NL Konrad Adenauer Stiftung Bundeskanzler-Adenauer-Haus, Rhöndorf. NL Raymond Aron École des hautes études en sciences sociales, Paris. Centre de recherches politiques Raymond Aron. NL David Astor Privatbesitz. NL Margret Boveri Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin, Handschriftenabteilung. NL Willy Brandt Archiv der sozialen Demokratie. Friedrich-Ebert- Stiftung, Bonn. NL Eugen Brehm Institut für Zeitgeschichte, München. NL William Clark Bodleian Library, Oxford. Department of Special Col- lections and Western Manuscripts. NL Arthur Creech Jones Rhodes House Library, Oxford. NL Isaac Deutscher International Institute of Social History, Amsterdam. NL Sebastian Haffner Bundesarchiv.
    [Show full text]
  • Pan-African Ideals and the Organization of African Unity's
    Pan-African ideals and the Organization of African Unity’s intervention in the 1967-1970 Nigerian Civil War ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ BY ADERONKE ABODUNRIN From colonization, to the struggle for independence, the African continent has often been viewed both internally and externally as a milieu of fragmented states, lacking cohesion and most importantly: peace. Indeed, the colonial legacy of the continent, coupled with the history of enslavement of the Black diaspora has demonstrated a very real dilemma for the future of Blacks across the globe. However, the birth of Pan-Africanist thought provided a glimmer of hope for advancing and uniting Black peoples.1 There are varying opinions on how best to define Pan- Africanism, all which generally encompass a similar principle: the unity of Black peoples on the African continent and the African diaspora. For the purpose of this paper, I will be employing the definition provided by Costantinos BT Costantinos. He defines Pan-Africanism as follows: Pan-Africanism represents the complexities of black political and intellectual thought over two hundred years [and]
    [Show full text]
  • Abstract This Paper Explores the Under-Appreciated Role of Business
    Business and the South African Transition Itumeleng Makgetla and Ian Shapiro Draft: February 20, 2016 Abstract This paper explores the under-appreciated role of business in negotiated transitions to democracy. Drawing on our interviews of key South African business leaders and political elites, we show how business played a vital role in enabling politicians to break out of the prisoners’ dilemma in which they had been trapped since the 1960s and move the country toward the democratic transition that took place in 1994. Business leaders were uniquely positioned to play this role, but it was not easy because they were internally divided and deeply implicated in Apartheid’s injustices. We explain how they overcame these challenges, how they facilitated negotiations, and how they helped keep them back on track when the going got rough. We also look at business in other transitional settings, drawing on South Africa’s experience to illuminate why business efforts to play a comparable role in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict have failed. We end by drawing out the implications of our findings for debates about democratic transitions and the role of business interests in them. Department of Political Science, P.O. Box 208301, New Haven, CT 06520-830. Phone:(203) 432-3415; Fax: (203): 432- 93-83. Email: [email protected] or [email protected] On March 21, 1960, police opened fire on a demonstration against South Africa’s pass laws in Sharpeville, fifty miles south of Johannesburg, killing 69 people. The callousness of the massacre – many victims were shot in the back while fleeing – triggered a major escalation in the conflict between the African National Congress (ANC) and the National Party (NP) government.
    [Show full text]
  • Boycotts and Sanctions Against South Africa: an International History, 1946-1970
    Boycotts and Sanctions against South Africa: An International History, 1946-1970 Simon Stevens Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2016 © 2016 Simon Stevens All rights reserved ABSTRACT Boycotts and Sanctions against South Africa: An International History, 1946-1970 Simon Stevens This dissertation analyzes the role of various kinds of boycotts and sanctions in the strategies and tactics of those active in the struggle against apartheid in South Africa. What was unprecedented about the efforts of members of the global anti-apartheid movement was that they experimented with so many ways of severing so many forms of interaction with South Africa, and that boycotts ultimately came to be seen as such a central element of their struggle. But it was not inevitable that international boycotts would become indelibly associated with the struggle against apartheid. Calling for boycotts and sanctions was a political choice. In the years before 1959, most leading opponents of apartheid both inside and outside South Africa showed little interest in the idea of international boycotts of South Africa. This dissertation identifies the conjuncture of circumstances that caused this to change, and explains the subsequent shifts in the kinds of boycotts that opponents of apartheid prioritized. It shows that the various advocates of boycotts and sanctions expected them to contribute to ending apartheid by a range of different mechanisms, from bringing about an evolutionary change in white attitudes through promoting the desegregation of sport, to weakening the state’s ability to resist the efforts of the liberation movements to seize power through guerrilla warfare.
    [Show full text]
  • Security Council H
    UNITED NATIONS SECURITY COUNCIL SH H REPORTOFTHJZ SPEKXALCO OFTHXGOWBNMENTOF~ Kapporteur: Mr. Ram C. Malhotra ( TABLEOFC page Letteroftransmittsl . 2 Report of the Special Committee . 3 Annexes I. Note on developments in South Africa since the Special Committee's report of 23 Harch 1964 to the General Assembly and the Security Council . 9 II. Report of the delegation of the Special CobmBittee on the Policies of Apartheid of the Government of the Republic of So&h Africa on the International Conference on Economic Sanctions against South Africa, London, lb-17April1964 . 33 * Also issued as A/5707. 64-~504 I . -2- OF 25 1964 Your Ikcellency, the honour to 22 ee. on the Policies of Apartheid of the (Xmcm%ent of the Republic of So is report is s and the Security Council in pursuance of the provisiona of 5 (b) of General Assembly resolution 1761 (XVII) of 6 2 of General Assembly resolution 1978 A ( The Special Comm%ttee has aeciaea to this report in view, partCcul.arly, of the forthcoming consi&?r&iOn of the question by the Security Council, at the request of fifty-eight r States which have drawn attention to the new developments in the Republic of %uth Africa an& more specifically the imposition of death sentences on African political leaders. The Special Comm%ttee wishes to draw the attention of the two principal ans of the United ioris to the grave developments since its last report of 23 ch 1964 and to assist them in the consideration of effective measures and In their search for adequate solutions to meet the grave ana growing threat to international peace and security represented by the situation.
    [Show full text]
  • Containing the Rising Tide: Race and Self-Determination, 1940-1960
    CHAPTER 4 Containing the Rising Tide: Race and Self-Determination, 1940-1960 Who knows how we shall fashion a land of peace where black outnumbers white so greatly? Some say that the earth has bounty enough for all, and that more for one does not mean the decline of another. And others say that this is a danger, for better-paid labor will not only buy more, but will also read more, think more, ask more, and will not be content to be forever voiceless and inferior. Who knows how we shall fashion such a land? For we fear not only the loss of our possessions, but the loss of our superiority and the loss of our whiteness. We shall be careful, and hedge ourselves about with safety and precautions.... The Cathedral Guild is holding a meeting, and the subject is "The Real Causes of Native Crime." But there will be a gloom over it, for the speaker of the evening, Mr. Arthur Jarvis, has just been shot dead in his house in Parkwold. Cry, the beloved country, for the unborn child that is the inheritor of our fear. Let him not love the earth too deeply. For fear will rob him of all if he gives too much. -ALAN PATON, Cry, the Beloved Country THE MOOD is decidedly different from the optimism and self-confidence in the "white man's burden" of Rider Haggard or John Buchan. Paton, who defined South African reality for so many Western readers in the years after World War II, is instead conscience-stricken and fearful.
    [Show full text]