TOPO G RAPH I CAL A N D STATI STI C AL D ESCRI PTION

O F T H E C OU NTY OF H E R E FOR D

Cmta ining an Accou nt qf it:

Mi nerals cultur , Agri e,

Fi she r es Cur o s t es i , i i i ,

Manufactures A nt u t es , iq i i ,

rad e tur T , N a al

Co mmerce i st , H o ry ,

C v l and E c cles as t c al Jur sd ct o n & c i i i i i i i , .

T o W H IC H A R E P R F E E IX D ,

ir c t and P r in i a The D e c p l Cr os s R oads , anc es S ta es In ns and D ist qf g , , ’ N oblemen and Gentlemen s S eats .

ALSO A LIST OF TH E MA RKE TS A ND AIRS F ,

nd d x Ta A an In e ble,

h t n a o xie V ew the D stanc es o f all the o wns fro m Lo ndo Ex ib i i g t i , i T n, and o f To wn s fro m e ach o ther

The w b ole f ar ming

A COMPLETE C O UNTY ITIN ERARY.

BY G O . A . C O KE , E SQ .

Illustrated W i th a

M A P OF T H E C OUNTY.

fl onb on

‘ Prinud b i n mmt om the B accuton o tb c late G Cooke , y g /r f f . .

“ - S H ERW J E S A c o . P AT RwOST BR R OW . OOD , O N , N D E

so w BY A LL Boo xsfiLLnxs.

A TABLE

O F T H E

PRI NCIPA L TOWNS IN THE COUNTY,

r dis tance r om Lo ndo n M ar kets H o uses and Thei f , , , nha itan ts with the time o the arr ival I b , f and de ar ture o the os t p f P .

POS“ P0 “

T Mark . H o uses Inlmb . o wns . arrives d e pam ,

4 aft. 8 mo rn

5 mo rn 5} an.

8 mo rn 5 aft.

f 8 m. 4 a t . % m 6 aft . 6 o rn f 6 mo rn 4i a t . m n 4 aft. 6 o r

m 4} aft. 9§ .

9 aft. 6 mo rn

T he rice o f o sta e fo r a s in le e tte r v aries fr m d p p g g l o 9 .

t o Is . thro u ho u t the c o unt g y .

AN ITINERARY

O F A LL

T H E DIR E CT AND PR IN CIPA L C ROSS R OA DS

H ERE ORDS I E F H R ,

‘ In which are inc luded the STA G ES, INN S, an d

’ S G ENTL EM E N S SE AT .

7272: r t mn on ta the Name: o P n et assed thr ou we N. B. fi s Colu c zm f la p gh ur e b at ll ow w' the D i stan ce: r om P ace to P ace Tow n to To wn a n d fi g : t fo she f l l , , ’ m . S tages ; and i n the tart C o lu mn ar e tb e n ame: of Gen tlemen : Seat: and l n n the e L 7 b e fi ght and left of the R oad : ar e disti gu u b ed by l tter : R and . RD LO NDON T O H ER EFO .

’

T b urn Turn ik Kenszn to n P alace H . R . H y p e g , . to the D u e o S ussex L at Q k f , . Ba sw te les dis tance H o l land o y a r mi H use,

Lo rd H olland. K ensingto n G rav Pits

O n L . a T. R . i Kens ngton . ’ Shepherd s Bush I}s A c to n t tra ce s e Berr woo d 2 A en n , e y

P rio r l ate the seat o E . . y, f F °

A k r s E s L . o nR . s eeFrzars e , q.

P l ace W Learmouth E s . , . , q t cto n Fo r dbr o o k hro ugh A ,

H o us D uval E s . R . e, , q m E alin Co mo n lm Gr ve Lad Carr L . at g o , y , ; E al S encer Per ceval Es ing, p , q, o e and the ZlIan r H ous ,

Cl t s . L . 7 mile dis if o n, E q ; } ta t er H ill G eor e n , H ang , g ‘ IVo o d s H un e Vale J. , E q . ; g r , H auwe l l R . o o . R . W d , E sq C ross the Brent R . Be o r e s e well P ar Sir , f e H an k , l l Jo hn Copley ; and H artwe IN H R E Ro m s ER EFO R DS H I . 7

at H am ell Lawn H use c o ,

Lawson, E s q . R . — Inns Red Lion White H art. SO UTH ALI. , H ayes Bridge t C r o ss the P ad

to n (lanai. e o r e see H a es P ar H ayes E nd f y k, Wo od E s L H a es d , y E n

P ar R . WBlenco k, . we, and H illin dd Place g n ,

M isses Tr us ler .

e The Vicar a e Rev . Dr . H od Hifllngdo n g , g s on ; a little far ther Billing

do n Gr o ve Cr ic et Es . , k , q and H illin don Lo d e g g , F .

Bent Es . L . , q

U X BR GE Be o re is H illin don H ouse R . ID , f g ,

ln R o E s . r a e o Cr o s s the Co , H . C x, q R . ; en t nc f

U d e a mile o the i and the xbr i g , fr m

- r oad elmo nt o use R . 1 June , B H , 5 mile distant o L Co wle n . y .

hams r Gro ve Charles Bir ch Es . hi e. , , q ’ Inns—Kin s Ar ms Three ans g , T ,

White H or se.

Ne als , BuCkSO

Re d H ill Lan le Par Sir . H ar g y k, R B

ve Bar t . L D am y, enh

is her J. D r mmo nd Es F y, u , q. D am P enh lace, Benjamin Wa E s enham C o urt y, q . D ,

. awl E s . and D em F L ey, q , ha Mo u N ell s . . , m nt . S n , , E q R — Inns H are and H o unds .

T atlin E the 9 mile s ton W . g nd 1 e, ood ’ On R . a T udd s . R . R . to H . B , E q . A mers ham ’ ’ G e rard s ro A M altman s Gr en r Ser C ss t e , M . eant P ea e R j k , . In ns Wh te H art Bu l i , l . BE ACON FI ELD Near is “ 8 I TIN ER AR Y O F TH E H o tspur H eath L o ud water

W c o mb e Mars Inn - d y h Re Lio n. H G H W C MB E W o mb e Abbe Lo rd Carrin I Y O y o y, g

O n R . a T. R . to to n L .

mersh m o n — A a , L . Inn R ed Lio n.

to G reat Marlo w.

We t W c o mb e Be o re W co mb Par e k Sir J. s y f y , ' D ashwo o d Kin Bart L . g , . H am F arm O L a n . T. . R . G M l aeat ar o w.

Sto k eu Chur h Wo rmsl c e J. ane L. , y, F , ; Oxo n fr o m S to ken Chur ch ill s ee in the b o tto m b efo r e yo u R o u' ant s T P W c ham A ton . . i , k , ' Es and earl o o sit q . ; n y pp e Sher burne Cas tl e E ar l o , f M accl esfield . L:

Inn - W r hite Ha t.

P o stc o mb e a mil e be o re w nor R . A . f Le k ,

On R . a T R . Jodr ell L . The me Par . , ; k ,

Theme . Miss Wick/tam, R . Inn — h s Pl ume of Feat er . — Te ts wo r th Inns R o al Oak S wan . y , The Thre e Pi e o n reat H as l e Bl acko ll g y, } O m l o n R . a T R ; Es . L . Bico t Par E . q ; k , f Thame o n L A bi n do n and a mil e b e , . g , h Wail in o nd t T Pi eo ns at gf rd . yo he hree g

Watersl o ck W H . A shur st , . ,

Esq . Wheatle Bri e H o lto P ar E lisha Biscoe y dg n k, , C r o ss the Thame R

Wh tl G dd esd P alace - Bis h0 o ea ey a en , p f Over O 1 mile b e o nd Sho to rer H ill , xfo rd , R . ; y

W e o n L . Sho to ver o n L . a T R to h al l . . y

Ox o r d mile H o us e Geo r e Schutz E s . f , , g , q a t f r her o n R . to

Islik. H e adingto n Sir Jo seph L o ck E dwar d

d the Rev. L a mer Es . an O n . T R . to Lati . , q , ' " l i heatle h S/wt ll H o r wo o d R . y, y — , l e Ca e Wheel . C f . Inn therin R -s 'H E R EFO DS OA D IN B HI RE . 9 : ’ S t . Clement s T u p ik e

On L . a T. R . e Cr oss th H enl y. harrv ell R C , . ’ xfo r I nns — A n el Ki n s A r O d g , g ms, M i e u S r C ro ss the Isis R . tre R o B c ta , , k , . o tle Hill Ber s nas ee W tham Abbe Ear B y , k y y, l O a T o A bin don n R . . R . f g .

Farringdo n . E ynsham Bridge

Cr o ss the Is is , R . o E ns ll no Es E nsham Ox r d ham H a J. Bu i n y , f . y , , q . N e wlan d Turn pike Wo O nR . aT. R . to o d

s to c C ross t k . he

Windr ush, R . W Y a ie l IT N E p Hal In". ’ On L. two T. R . s Bam ton p . '

B uRE RD The Prio r W J. Lenthall O y, . ,

‘ - O R . a T E s . 2 m es dis tant n . R. q. R ; 5; il o L at Bradw l l Broadwall n . e , G rove H ouse W H er ve . y, , ~

Cirences ter ll G o r . , e ge. ittle Harrin L gto n, Glo ester Har to n Park Lo rdD or uc shire. ring , ynev , b e o d ttl R . y n Li e Barring L ar tt d e ton on . e D u on Lo g uno ccu ied and Barrin to n p , g

Gr o ve E G ree nwa E s . , . y, q O HL E C e o nd s e Stowell Par Mrs N R T A H 6 B y e k, .

On . to b r d e R . a T R . H am i g . ‘ ’ ' Sl o w o n L t Inns— K n s o H ead Sherborne ; . i g , o o twa to Cir A r ms F y .

o es ter .

' Fr o gmill In n efr am the hill a fi ne pr o spe ct l o v sham O n R . a T. R . o t er t rich t a e he e f E , ' lo ucest er th Ch ltenham T w sb ur and G e , e ke y, Whitco mbe W c e und d b the ' ; or est r , bo e y

to Sto w. D o wdeswell 1 0 ITIN ER A R Y OF TH E

‘ i - in s 27 Charlto n Park BIrs . Pr inn R . C harlto n K g } St é , , C ad nall a} 93}

O n L . a T. R . to

Str o ud .

E H 1 94 Geor iana H o use E . B . L ind C H ELT N AM % g ,

. a d o n the h ll H ew E sq . R n i

l ets James A E s . , gg, q Inns— lee G eo r e H o tel F ce, g , ‘Lamb Lo ndo n H o tel Pl o u h , , g

H o tel . Be dlam

O n R . a T. R .

Tewlc esbur o n L . y, ’ to H e den s E l m y , a d a to n gain on L.

Cir ences ter . G UC ES ER 10 A l ittl e b e o r e s ee Ill ar aret LO T , f g

R a T R . and Ma dalen H o s tals at On . . g pi , Tew esb ur o n M atso n Matson H o us e M rs ; k y, , ,

to Bath and Br Nibl ett. L . ’ ' I nns— Bell o o th H all Kin e , B , g 4 H ead .

to l. W H i hn C Sir R . . g am Highnam o ur t, , e d in O n R . a T R . to ar t R . b o n . Guise, B . ; y w H i h’ Newent o L . to r o ad to Che s to , n the p , g

' Che s to w o ve rs Evans L . p Gr , M . , Churc ham

‘ H un tley T urnp ike

O n L . a T. R . to

M itchel Do wn. D urley C ro ss L o ngho p e ’

O n L . a T. R . to Mitchel D n ea . Le a

Ritfo rd H er e o rds h , f . W es to n ’ R o s s — ad Kin s Inns King s H e , g

On R . a T wan . A rms , S R OA D S IN H E R EFOR D SH I R E.

O n L . a T. R . to

Mo nmouth. P e te rs to n H are wo o d E nd Inn h m d a Great Birc 1 ile is t nt Br n win J. , y g , Philli s E s and m le b e p , 1 i o nd llIeen P arh T H y , . .

S mo nd Es . L y , q .

and T . G . C ro ss in H ,

On L . a T. R .

M o nmo uth. (lallo w

R . to O n L . a T. v nn cr oss A berga e y, ' the W e R . y , H E R EF R Innsfl Blac kS u' an it Arms O D p y , “ G r e ho und Gre r a o y , en D g n tel M tr ‘ H o i e. ' , COMB T O RIFO R D , H R O U G H H E R E O R D T F . C o mb to

’ Byto n Lane One mile and a half b eg/o nd

On L a T. R . Bar to n Lane in the r oad / , ’ to Le o minster b r om o r timer s Cr oss to , y f M S ho do n and Ten r estei n Sho do n Co ur t b P g , b ,

ur . a ur es . L . b y William H nb y , q Cr o ss the A r r o w R iv er Pemb ridge A t P embr idge

o n R . a T. R. to Kingto n Bard land Ro ad A bo ut two miles e o b y nd an L. a T. o e R . t L ominster ,

o n R. o t H ay . ' Bur ton Co urt, W. miles e ond b y esq . L E ar dland R o ad o n

L . a T . o Leo R . t 4 2 ITI N E R A R Y OF T E E S tretfo rd Brid s

ide eld h H Fi , J. C eese Cara

eal er e s . R p , q . ’ ‘ We st Ho e Ro in H o o d s Bu ~ p b tl, R

A t Canon P on y , M r . Tho mas

o n Co rt R u , ev . E .

R . A t Bur ill g , ’ Bi ddul h es p , q . R.

Thre e Elms

White C ro ss

A t Whil e Cross ,

' o n R . a T.

nd King to n

IIE R E FOR D Inn s Cit A r ms y H o tel, A t H er o r d o n Gr een D r a o n ef g , Gr e y L ’ . T. R s . to ho und , .Mitr e, and M aid

enhead .

ar d y , and Leo min ste r ; and a little b ey ond o n

T. R . to Ab

Bl ai r to C allo w C ro ss in H and,

T ’ G

On R. a T . R . to M o nmo uth G reat Birc h i w n, Jas . a mile b ey o nd is

M eend P ar /c T. P , . Sy ons es m , q .

Aramstone . R OADS IN H ER E FOR DSH I R E . 13 Harewo od En Hos/tins, Inn

Pen ethle Reo. P owel g iq, l

S monds L. y , Pe tersto w Wilto n Wilton on R A t .

a T. R . to Mon

mo uth. Cross the river

Wy e.

E vans es . Ro ss , q At Ross o n

T. R . to Westo n and Ne e nt

Bito rd

LUDFORD BRIDGE TO WELSH NEWTON.

" S E R F THR O U GH LEO MI N T R A N D H E E OR D .

’

L dto rd r Lud b rd P ar k E . L. Char u b idg j ,

o tofl 63 . R t , 9 0 Ov erto n Bilb erry Po rtway Road to Or leton

On L. a T . R . to Ten ur b y, to P r esteign K ingto n. Lusto n Berr n o n Lad i gt , y C r oss the Leo minster Canal .

On L. a T. R . to Ten b ur o C ross 6 river

ns R OA DS I N H e nnro n nm n. 1 5 Meend S mo n l e T. s es . , y , q

R. L son H o use ra y y A b Wlzztt /c nam a er es L. , q. ’ W a ar mar St e o nard s C p t. F W elsh Newto n

UPPER SAPY TO ALT ERINES .

H R UG H BR OM A R A ND H ER E F T O Y D O R D .

Upp er Sapy to T e dsto ne Wafer Sandy C ro ss

On L. a T. R . to Cli on — ’ BR O M Y A R D g Inns Falcon, and King s

On L a rms . . T. R . A

to Wo re ester , on R

to Leo minster . A bo ut 3 miles e o nd Brom ar d b y y ,

o n L. a T. R . to

L ed u b ry . S to ke La cy [ Westwo o d G ate r s A : Gate, M

n gto n ' 3 6 II. Unztt es . Mgisfi § , q Lu gg Bridge 2 83 C r o ss t/ze r wer Luge A little

L u Br id d e o n gg ’

R . . R f. a T . z Leo

’ Q mzns ter . I A rms o te l H e nnr o n n nns City H ,

Gr e en r a o n ( m. D g , S elmo n t fi l att/zew' s es B , J. , q o ut b ur miles b e L . A b j o nd ' e r o r d A llens y H ef , ‘ r a e mo o , Edmund B . P t

s b all es . L. ,: q 5 m 16 r 61 m G o o se Po o l ’ W o ck s Brid e ill g '

mbr zd e E . B. t Wo r g , .

Clive es . Cr oss , g

River . Kentclzuro b Kentc lzurc/z Ke nderch urch At , b Scudamore Par /f , Jo n , L esq . . '

P l s . Po ntrilas o ntr z a Cr o ss tb eM unnow R iver

Ro wlsto n A lterines

KIRGTON TO LITT LE LONDON.

R . THROUGH H ER EFO R D A ND LE DBU Y

Kingto n to ’ L io n s H all

’ Bo nd s G reen A bo ut 3 miles b

o u e Swansfield H s ,

Westo n es . R . J. W. , q

VVE O B am. P e L Garnsto n Castle , S p G r an e H o use o e es . R. l , q g ,

P . Kni zt es . L. R . gj , q

VVo rmsl ey 1 m o o u rt 1 rinso urt Br s p C At B p Co ,

’

to 1 in o Co ur t R ev . E . Tilling n Till gt n ,

/cl e L On R. E c y , . qf '

Cr edenb zll,

1 8 ITIN E R A R Y OF T H E

E O R TO KI TO H ER F D NG- N,

T H R O UG H ST R ETTON . H E R E FOR D to W hite C ro ss

On R. a T. R . to Kingston by We o bly . ’ in s c re K g A ,

Gr een .Man

On L . a T. R .

S tre tto n C rede n Hill tb e fo o t of Cr eden tb c M ag na Castr a (f tb c

Ro mans Re v . J. E c lrle , y , ns l Lac ar le H all Uvedale P r ic e Ma e y F y , , es7 Yaz o r

No r to n

Ec c les G re en

A b o ut o ne mile

' and a b alf fr o m E c c les Gr een an R

e min a T. R . to L o s tar and mil e f ar t/zer o n

Sar n l e We e d us J . sfi H o , . W s to n es , q . R . W o nto n e o r e N wp t H o us , e sq . ’ L o n s Hall E ewo o d P ar k and y y H o use; ,

' ' On R. a T. R. Wo ods r O O x ord , Ea l f f , to H er or d r s tle o ur t ef , n ea whitzli i Ti y C , Weobl and l e b Es R. y ; W i liam Gr n y , q . i e ar m l f tb e r a T.

Pe ntre ss e R OADS m n en nr o n nsm n . 1 9 Bey ond P e o on L . a T. R . t H ay Cr oss t/ze A rrow

r iver . ’ l Q0 Inns—Kin s H ead O or d KI N GTON i g , xf

A r ms .

I K COU RT TO HERE OR D H AR DW C F ,

’ BY B A NM E R S c no ss .

H arwick C o urt t H ardwick, Job n Stallar d,

to E sq . Clo c kmill Bre dwardine ’ Cross the H y c r ive r to ’ H anmer s C ro ss 2 7 Letton A t H anmer ’s L.

C ro ss o n L . a T. to Kin o gt n. M o nin ton t/ze r o er t o Po rtway 1 8 g , p p y f

S ir Geor e C br nwall Bar t. g , R and o n il e u /z ide . ; t so t s ' tlze W e near l o o qf y , y pp site Mo c caCo ur t ir Geor e , S g

Co r nwall, Bar t. o r C Gar n ns, S i J. G. otterell,

Bar t. L . Bridge S o llars Ne w W are

’ S u gwas Po o l ’ in s A c re K g , G r ee n M an

On L. a T. R t King ton by Y W hite C ro ss

O n R. L . a T.

Kin o e gt n, by W

bly . ’ so l r' rNE R A RY OE Jr H E

- 4- A rms otel . C z t H H E R E FO R D 1 I nns y ,

“ ‘ Gree n D ragon, Ore .

“ ’ L ORD L AYSTE R S H ILL TO C I FF ,

R T H R OU G H LEO M I N ST E .

’ Layste r s H ill to Kimb o l to n S to c kto nb e r ry ' C ro ss

072 R. a T. R . t

L udlow.

C ross tlze r ive

Lugg . L E O M I N STE R ln ns

Oalc. On R. a T. R \ to L udlow b y P o rt

o r way , n L . to H e e

A mile b ey ond

Leo mins ter o n R . a

' R r e i n . to P es t . T. g C ross t/ze A rrow

r ive r .

t n Cour . E s M o n klan d Bur o t, W van ,

Two mi les and a ’ b a/f fr om Jli on lc R l a d o n R a . . n . T b on to P em r idg e ,

e w s H e nu ood Lacon L am e cs . G re at D l n IQ , b , q

Div isio n of:tb c R o ad

O n L R . o a T. t

‘ ‘ l V e a l z/ and a l i t/l e fi vr tb er o n to n to n . S i N B E B D R B 9 R OA D R POR SH I . 1

sfi eld Court . e Sarn , J W bb

es R . L a T R . n . On . to , q o er e o rd an a t H f , d l i ttle far ther o n R to Kin to n g , o Ki n nersle t Kinnersle Kinnersle y y , y N ear Willersle Ca tl e C k es . y s , J. . Clar e, q

o n R. a T . R to

Kin to n o to g , n L . o r H er ef d . Wille rsley 215 W info rt on o n ; hit W ney 246 A t hitne hi ne Court W y , W t y » Cr oss the River D ew, 88g. e Wy .

Cliffo rd. T H EREFORD O STIFFORD BRIDGE, G THR OU H N EWTO N .

H erefo rd to Lugg Bridge Cross the Rive Lugg

On L u T. R . t

r om ard B y . Shu cknell N e wto wn Eggle to n Brid Cr o ss the

Eggle to n Fi ve Bridges Cr o ss the Fr om

R iver . A little f ar the ‘

o n L a T . R . t

and then o n the 22 ITI N ER A R Y o r e E m ill ro es Re . . H o on F H v 7 p t . Ridge way C ro ss ' S tifi o rd Bridge C r o ss the Gr ad

l e Br o o k and en y ,

ter Wor c es ters/zire .

LITT LE HEREFO RD TO BYTON LANE,

' T B R OU G H O R L EI ON .

Littl e Here fo rd to Cr oss the K i ng

ton Canal . Brimfi e ld C ro ss 1

On R . a T. R . to

Brimfi eld ’ A t Br imfi ela o n

L . a T. R . to L eo mins te r , tur n to the

R . and a l ittle f o r ther o n R. to L ud

lo w.

O rle to n D iv is io n of the R o ad

O n R . a T. R .

L o . to to udlo w, n L

L eomi ns ter . C o c kgate

ro Oastle R . Re v. A t C ft ,

M ’ ’ Mo r time r s C ro ss 9 ,

Oh L . a T. R . o t Le o mins ter , o n

R . to L udlo w. E asthampto n ’ hob o n S a n C u t Wm. H a , o r , b ur g/L esa. L . B to e y n, Lan R S H E E B R DSH I E O AD I N R O R . 23

On L. a T. R . to Leoniins ter ,by S o ho bdo n o n R. t

P r estei n , g _ O ST P A STON T A LETON CA ST LE,

T HR OU G R ILEM E A LL .

A sto n to Downton C astle, 7: R .

Kni ht es . R g , q . Elto n 5 L e n th all l Q R

Wi mo re 1 4 A t Wi mo r e Vi more H al g g J g l, ' '

On L. a T. R . and ab o ut two miles to the M rtimer ’s Cr s . C s e v o os a tl , Re . M .

R evill .

Dicke ndale i; Over Darvold

Forest to Ly n ge n W ille y Cro ss S tapleto n C astle t 24

S o r A I RS IN HEREFORDSH RE LI T F I .

Br am ton. e 22 fo r o rn d cattle s p Ju n , h e , horse ,

she e w . p, and ool

Bro m ard. A m t i n y great arket, las Monday Jan uary ; Th 5 l ursd ay before March Q , horn ed catt e Whit« Mo nda and horses ; Ma 3, y, Thurs t m u 25 h a day before S . a es, J ly ; T u rsd y fo r d t l and before October 29, horne ca t e s heep .

Dorstone. l t e No Apri 27, May 1 8, Sep emb r 27 , v emb er fo d o s 1 8, r horne cattle, h rse , sheep ,

an d pigs . ‘ H er b rd . F 2 g Tuesday after Candl emas , ebruary , d and s for horne cattle, horses , hop ,

W - k o n a ednesday i n E aster wee , h r ed c ttle i an d and horses ; May 19, a leasure fa r

t l ho rned and w Oc t. oys ; July , cat ool ; 20 d W , horne cattle, che es e, and elsh bu t

W n r St. ter ; Great market, ed esday afte ’ w - A ndre s day . H u ntm do n . 1 18 edlar g July 8, November , y, n d l lam and hor e catt e, horses , sh eep, s, f a great fair o r yarn . 0

sland. 1 d t ses n October 1, for horne ca tle, hor ,

hops , cheese, an d butter. Kzn ton o r K ne o n W F u 2 g , y t . ed nesday before ebr ary W s W - and ednesday before Ea ter, h it Mon , da 2 4 s s y, Augus t , September , for hor e

and cattle of all sorts .

Leddur . 1 fo r y First Monday after Feb ruary , Mo & c . n h orses , cattle, pigs, sheep , ; E 2 day before aster , May 1 , for horned 29 cattle and cheese ; June , ditto and w h0 8 ool ; October 2, horned cattle , p ,

cheese, and pigs ; Monday before St. Tho mas 2 e and , Dec . 1, horn ed cattle, chees , fat hogs .

Leommster F Mid- . ebruary 18, Tuesdaye fter Le n t

TITLES

CONFE R R E D BY T H E CO UNTY .

’ r B H erefo d is a ishop s See, and gives the title o f — Viscou nt to the Devereu x family L eo minster gi ves

— ; that of Baron to the Fe rmo rs R o ss the same to the : W i n o fE H erberts lto Castle, that arl , Viscount, and

B o t E . ar ny o the gertons

' CIVIL A ND E CCLESIA STICA L DIV SI NS I O . H erefordsh i re 1s divided i nto eleven h undreds W Wo o l h n Br igmore, p v, H u ntingdo , Stretford , ox G re mwo rth E a W b l w ash , , u r s Lacy, e tree , Lu d o , W o rmelo w re tre e , and G y ; these are subdi v ided i nto 22 1 o ne tw parishes , contai ning city, (H ereford) o W w e o b l . f borough to ns , Leom inster and y an d i ve o ther market town s . It is i ncluded i n the Ox ford c i n an d ircuit, the provi nce of Canterbury , dioce se o f H ereford . The Bishopric o f H e reford contains th e greatest o f t o f part Salop, four parishes i n the cou n y Mon m six l M outh , ch urch es and chape s in ontgomery

t o f R n r w - sh ire , eight i n the cou n y ad o , t en ty one W w o f i n that of orcester, and the hole cou nty Here f w n o f ord , ith th e exceptio eleven parishes , makin g in n d w all , 379 churches a chapels , 166 of hich are i mpropriate .

T H AR TER SE S S E Q U S ION . d Ne w at These are h el at th e County Hall , Here w ' ford , here the assizes fo r the county c o urts are holden .

H E R E F O R D S H IR E

M a l H E R E F O R D S H IR E

t 97 l

GENERAL DESCRIPTI ON

U T OF H ERE O F THE CO N Y. FORD.

A ND E X BO UNDARI ES TENT .

EREFO RDS HIRE is bou nded o n the north by

n h- Shropshire ; on the ort east an d east, b y

W o n - b orcestersh i re ; the south east, y Glou cester sh i re ; o n the south - west by Mon mout hsh ire ; o n the west by Brecknocksh ire ; and o n the north - west b y R o f f u h adnorshire. I t i s an ell i ptical orm , tho g som e detached parishes are s i tuated beyon d the o f w general outli nes ; these , Farlo is sou nded by S hropshire ; Rochford is in the county o f Wo rc cs . f R ter , and Lytton H ill is i n that o adnor ; a con “ siderab le o f Futho n few tract land , called the g, and a o n h De vandin i d b acres t e H ll , is i nsulate y Mon m o u thshire o f u . The greatest extent this co nty, o n from Ludford th e north . to the opposite borde r, n o o n is ear M nmouth the south , 38 miles , and its w m ff o n w greatest idth , fro Cli ord the est , to Cradley o n 5 i the east, i s 3 miles , its c rcum ference being 10 i abou t 8 miles , and conta n in g abou t acres .

SOIL . T he o f soil this cou nty is extremely fertile, yield

o f & c . i ng fine pasture, and great qu anti ties corn , t is Its general charac er a m ixture of marle and clay, contai ni ng a large proport ion of calcareous earth .

i t l - t ff u a su bstrata s mos ly i me s one, of di erent q l i tics db ur as . I. e ; i n some parts , parti cularly near y, s umin o f b i g the properties marble, and being eaut l v w w w ful y ariegated ith red and h ite v eins . To ards w th e estern borders the soil i s cold , bei n g retenti ve o f ar l llac e o us o f moisture, bu t g , hav ing a base soft w crumbl i ng stone, h i ch decom poses o n exposure to h the atmosphere . T e astern s ide o f the cou nty e " i o f stifi o f consists pr n cipally a clay, great tenacity s f ‘ a and strength, and in ome places o a red colou r ; D Q 28 H BR EFOR DSB IR E . o f W o rmelo w considerable art Of th e h undred , which lies to t e sou th , is a light sand . In the v i i o f o f l r c in ty H ereford , deep beds grave a e occa

- o f sio nally met with , an d the sub soil some Of th e ’ h ills consists o f a si liceou s grit . Fuller s earth is ff o f du g near S toke , an d i n di eren t parts the cou n t w - y, red and yello och res, an d tobacco pipe clay, are found in small quantiti es . O n the parts bord e r o re b e n ing on Glou cestershire, iron has e frequently e t w m ith , thou gh none has been du g of late years ; yet from the considerable quan titi es that have been d iscovered , imperfectly smelted , an d from th e re mai o f b lo marie s w ns hand , h ich have been found , i t is su pposed th at some i ron - works were established h o f ere as early as the tim e th e Romans .

C LI MATE . ai h s l The r Of t i cou n ty is i n genera pure , an d w consequ ently h ealthy , particu larly bet een th e W e an w i y d the Severn , h ich has g ven occasion to a proverb v ery com mon among th e i nhabitants o f t w n his cou nt”y, Blessed is the eye bet ee Severn and W e y . N AME A N D ANC I ENT H ISTOR Y .

T h is cou nty takes its n am e from th e city o f H e. r w x to s i eford, h i ch is said to be pure Sa on , an d g n if he ord /cc arm o r W w y, t F of t y ; fro m the elsh ord ' é r o r d o r wa E H gfi (the Old road , y . ) ither su pposition , certainly, is sign ificant Of the situation Of the w o n W e was p lace, hich stands the y , an d formerly t w E W the he barrier bet een n gland and ales . A s two nations were almost always at war o n e with w was another, th is to n generally the head quarters O f such Saxon o r Engl ish forces as were stationed i n the county ; and at this place both arm ies pro . b w o u t o f ably forded the river, hen they passed

ales into E o o W . W ngland , r o u t f Englan d into ales T f f his accou nt O the deri v ation o the nam e is , w w B h o ever, some hat doubtful, as the ancien t ritish n ame o f the cou nt was Ereinu c ; and it is there f f u er e fi o e conject red t at H , the rs t part of the

30 H ERE FO BDS HIR E .

o f H . m cou n ty ereford , (says M r Dunco b) m et th e o n O f frontier of the oth er, Sh ropshire, th e border the presen t co unty of Worcester ; and there pre o f sented the nearest, if not the only point attack, from wh ich O sto rius could make an i m pression on i o r o f b oth nat ons , take advantage ci rcu mstances to l ac t against ei ther. T his geograph ica statement h as o f l e d to a conj ecture, that a li ne entrench ments , o n r extending th e banks of the river Teme, f om the o fW O rCe ster o f v icin i ty , to th e scene the su bsequen t was i O s to rius battle , occu p ed by Caractacus an d , the former retreatin g as the latter advanced and thus drawing o n the R omans to a place advantage o u sl fo r y formed defen ce, and as much as possi bl e detached from an y assistance wh i ch might be afo o c o f f rded to them in ase their defeat, or any other

emergency . This line is supposed to have begu n o n Mal w R vern H ills , here Britis h and oman entrench ments wo are . t n RO still to b e seen T he ext, the one man e h W th e oth r Britis , occurred at h i tburn ; they w ere situ ated on the opposite sides Of a valley , as i f Opposed to each other ; b ut the traces o f both are ' w l n o almos t ob iterated . T he fou rth is at Thorn B o f w n b u ry , a ritish post great s trength , bet ee

B . fi romyard and Leom inster The fth at Croft, ano B a w ther very strong ritish c mp, bet een Leom inster W and igmore . The s ixth is a large Roman e n tre n c hme n t B , called randon ; an d the seven th , w i h o n Coxwall- Kn o ll n B h ich is Br tis , is , ear rampton

. N w Lein t Bryan ear Do n ton , also , on the east Of w . ardine w h w s , is a small entrench ment , hi c a appa ‘ r e n tl w o f y th ro n u p to guard the passage the Teme, at that place ; an d was probably connected with the O perations su pposed to have taken place o n the line b o a ve m entione d . R i t B s ecu rr ng to he proceedings Of th e ri ton , we in d learn from Tacitus , that, ad ition to thei r na tural v alo urf they were n o w animated by c o n fi den c e i le de w t u n a a r, h o m neither prosperi y co ld N A N D H Y AM E ANC IENT ISTOR . 3 1 u e w u ng ard, nor adversi ty d ject ; and hose fame had o f his m far surpassed that all cote poraries . In ferior O wn in nu mbers , but trustin g to h is military skill w o f and kno ledge the cou ntry, Caractacus deter m ined that the territories Of the Ordov i ces sh ould be the scen e of h is defen ce and the Spot which h e is d finally chose for the stru ggle, escri bed by the h isto rian as i n all respects d iscouraging to h is en e m a . W ies , and f vourable to h i mself h ere natu re had n o t i nac c e ssrb le rendered the emi nence , h e piled large ston es on each other in the form o f a rampart ; o fa w n a stream regular depth flo ed i n his fro t, and a stron g body o f tro ops were stationed o n the o u t w h si de O f h is orks i n battle array . T e l e aders o f the various tri bes prepared them for the contest, by infi amin t e exciting their hopes , by g hei r r sent m ents, and by urging every moti ve, that cou ld ani m . C ar ate thei r valou r actacus h i mself, dartin g l R B throu gh the ran ks , exc aimed , em ember, ritons , da to d w we this y is ecide, hether shall be slaves or free ! Recollect and imitate the ach ievements o f ou r c w ae m an estors , hose valou r expelled Julius C sar fro o u r coasts, rescu ed their cou ntry from p ayin g tri w bute to foreigners , an d saved their ives and thei r daugh ters from infamy and violation l n tl ame d b ythis o n e d address , every shou te applause, and bou nd them

o a o r e r ish . sel ves, by thei r peculiar ths . to conquer p O s to riu s was staggered by th e resol ute appear ance and formid able position Of his adversaries bu t h is troops eagerly demanded battle, and ex claimed that Roman valou r could surmou nt ev ery w w obstacle . O bserving , therefore, hat poi nts ere m ost proper for the attack , he led on h is army, and i r wi ff : forded the r ve thout di iculty b ut, before the t o f R v cou ld reach th e ram par stone , the omans i suffered severely fro m the darts Of the Br tons, an d

. A t l h success lon g appeared doubtful e ngt , forming o r b h s th e testudo, shell , y locking their s ield to w gether over their heads , they reached the all , and ea e o n c makin g several b r ch s in it, brought a lose 32 n nnr r o a ns u tu s .

d w h a e ngagement . Un provi ed it helmets o r bre as t lates the B w a a , , ri tons cou ld not ithst nd the att ck , lin t fell back towards the summ it o f the b ill ; a fe w t av l despe rate efforts from th is poi n could not ai them , ' ' a fo r l w an d v ictory decl red the Romans . he i fe an d daughte r o f Caractacus were taken o n the field Of b at tle ; an d his b rOtb c su r rendered themselves p risone rs ; he himself escaped i nto the cou ntry o f B a o o f r the ri gantes , and cl i med the protecti n thei

e n C artisman d ua . qu e , ; bu t dreading the resen t R w men t of the omans , hich had been recently di r e c te d a a r i was g i nst her te r tories , she induced to O s to rius d e live r him bou nd to . a n d ff A ntiqu ries and ~ h istoria s have greatly i ered respec ti ng the spot o n which th is i m portant battle was c r i o n fought ; a co d n g to Camden , it took place th e h igh em i n ence c alled Cae r i n Shro p h e b r T m n ea s i r , a ou t three m iles north f om th e e e, r t he u n c tio n Jay n w t j Of the and the Col i h that ri ver . G e n r Ro y o we t e al , h ver, i n h is m il itary antiqu i ies , o rigi n all y sugges ted the real s cene of this act ion to ' a n o x wall Kno ll w h ve bee at C , hich idea is l i ke w i adO te d b . D u nc o rn b who se p _ y Mr , Observes , that

t n o f h . the si uation , and other circu msta ces t is em i

‘ n e u c c w n , striki ngly correspond ith the accou nt gi ve R i a by the oman h stori ns . C o xwall Knol l (he continues) is si tuated in a a B B be u tiful valley, near rampton ryan ; it is l ux u n w w o n e o f t ria tly covered ith ood ; part i t , hat to w r w t i O f e o a ds the sou th , i s i h n the l i mits H ref rdshi re, w h il s t that towards t he north is with i n those Of

S ~ hropsh i re . On the top is a very s trong entrench o f Br an d o f ment , itish construction , m u ch greater n e t n - do e x e t tha that at C aer C ara c k. The acc ss is di ffi cult o n all s i de s ; o n the sou th an a rtifici al ter race is cut alo n g the brow Of the h ill in front o f th e e n tre n chments ; and the river Teme con ti n ually v a

r. s h irn e tuo s it ri es i n dept an d p y, accordi ng to the p ro p o rt ro n o f rain recei ved rnto i ts Channel from the '

a . and adj cent hills Im mediately oppo s ite, at the D NA M E: A N A N CIENT H I STORY . 83 ' o n e w r w distance Of m ile, i th the i ver bet een them , R o f a l w is the oman post Brandon , sing e square ork, w rd xwe with fou r posts, more strong to a s Co ll tha n i n any other part . In l o f the supposed in e march by Caractacu s, O s to riu s w B and , the latter ou ld occu py randon , w l when th e former h ad retreated to C o x a l . Thu s B situated , the form idable. situation of th e ritons , and u the Obstacles to be en co ntered in attacking them , were all within v iew Of the Romans they d emand w le d : ed and ere to the com bat fording th e river, r w they reached th e ram pa t, hich probably stood o n Ro the artificial terrace described by General y, an d finally defeated the Britons i n th e entrenchments w ff above . To these conj ectu res, h ich are O ered w ith th e utmost deferen ce , it may be Opposed, that the Teme near C o xwall is but an inconsiderable r hav in and iver, g a smooth and gravelly bottom , w w fl m i so little ater, except hen ooded fro the h lls , a ss it l wo o r that troops may march c ro . i n ine for t 0 it al three miles together . T this is replied , that l r ro o r tio n the ivers suffer som e decrease, i n p as cou ntry through which they ass co omes more w ac i u s ‘ r flu e b cultivated ; that the ords of t , p m at ’ amn is c o da incer to e viden tl l t , y app y to a river s ubj ec to frequ ent variations that n o diffi cu lties were ex erie nc e d w fo rdi m k amnen ue p hen the ng place, q ’ ’ lzaud dgfi c ultcr o o adzt and that probably th e R0 m ans exaggera”ted the obstacles to in crease their o wn reputation . A tem porary suspension Of th e war was produ ced by the defeat an d captivi ty o f Caractacus ; bu t th e d S w w eterm ined spi rits Of the ilu res , ere, ho ever, n o t e t fo r r y su bdued ; , after a short i nte val Of pre aratio n f p , they agai n took th e ield , and by thei r n k w a f d sudde attac s, henever circu mstances f or ed a ro s ec t o f e s h the R in p p su cc s , t ey kept omans per pe tual alarm ; the y were likewise re r- dered despe rate O s to r us by a declaration of i , that the very at d o f name of the Si lu res Should be extirp e , as that 34 n ann r o ansn m rz. Si amb ri h w v th e g had been i n Gau l ; so far, o e er, was the pu r pose o f th is general from being aecom lished himse lt e l p , that he f l a victim to the fatigu e and anx iety occ asioned by the increased success o f S t he i luria n arms .

the . Nei ther coercion nor clemen cy , du ring v ari o u s successive p ro p rmto rship s for u pwards of 20 w S Ro m years, ere able to reduce the ilu res to an w da h o ev e r . the bon ge ; at length , , su perior d isc i R pline of the om an soldiers , aided by the m il i tary ta l t Fro n tin u s en s of Jul i u s , their general , obliged this brave people, after reli nqu ishing to the enemy th e o D Forest f ean , an d the presen t cou nties of H ere r M to s o f fo d an d onm outh , retire i nto the fastnes es W a w ff les , from hen ce, o ering no farther res istance Ro man do minatio n to the , the com plete and u ndis t urb e d possession of South Britai n was thus insured s who i e in to the conqu eror , nclu ded H erefordsh ir d B d the istri ct named ritannia Secu n a. ’ M a n a o w Ke n c heste r A r co nium n g , n fi an d i , ear R two o f oss , of the prin ci pal stations of the Itinerary n i o f Bra inu m o A ton i nu s, together W th th e post v , r B u w l t f randon , are sit ated ithi n th e imi s o this coun t y. The Watling street also enters it on the n orth w w from Shropsh ire , near Leint ardine, hen ce, after s riv T o f pa s ing the er em e, i t proceeds to th e camp B n randon , and conti nu in g i n a souther direction ’ W t S S p asses by igmore, Mor i mer s Cross, treet, tret f P w K w in ord , and ort ay, to enchester, from hence d - w in i ng to the south est, after crossi ng th e river W e W K y , near th e ear, and passing ington , Dore,

- w Mo n mo uths b ire and Lon g to n , enters and proceeds G o b an niu m o f R : to Abergavenny , th e the omans th is road i s very visible near Madley ; and several

In e n o w u iv o e o n n to the fi lds under c lt ati n , (b l gi g M r a wi k o f Lud e nhill en he e t he re . H rd c , ) at K c st r , m o f R o m o e o n & c o e o u he d ains an p tt ry , c i s , . are ft n pl g u an d e s a e d a e me n in m e rfe t s p, a t s el t p v t , an i p c tate, was disc s v ere d fe w a o a years g . NA M E A ND a s c rz n r n rsr o av . 35 entrench ments l i kewise occur i n di fferent parts o f

the line as it crosses H ereford sh ire . A second Ro man road enters th is cou nty o n th e sou th east from G e w t ' lou cest rshire , hi ch appears to have connec ed t n o f Gle v u m Ar zc o nz u m ' the sta io s , or Glou cester,

Bles tzu m Bu rr zum o r . A , or Mon mouth , and , Usk third Roman road enters this cou nty from W o rc e s te rshi re assi n Fro me Hill G ran s ham , an d p g , Stretton , o r u - b 1 id e S t Grandison , L gg g , H olmer, and tret on ’ w K the o S ug as , proceeds to ench ester ; and to s uth ' B of th e H erefordsh ire eacon , is a fourth ancien t R w w road , called the id ge ay, hich extends for seve ral m i les to wards ‘ Eastn o r in a ki nd o f circular di rection . T he o n o f R w Silures . the decl ine the oman p o er, w i n ai n ere amon bg the first attem p ti ng to reg that i nde pe nde n c e which they had been the last i n sur r w B r endering ; for u niti ng i th the other ri tons , u nde o f P the su ccessive com mands U ther endragon , an d m i in Arth ur, they once ore d s played th eir bravery defendi ng the island from Saxon usurpation : thei r r o w u nav ailin or esistance , h ever, proved g , i n couse u e nc e o f o f q the nu merou s hordes these barbarians, w w a o u r hi ch ere conti n ually l ndin g upon shores , the nte rnal and i divisions , th at subsisted amon g th e n atives so that t e Britons being dri ven to th e m o f W a d r r ountai ns es , Herefor shi e became in co ' o rate d w in o f p ith the Sax on k gdom Merci a , th is w r was e ff S w in ho eve , not ected till the axon po er this district had arrived at its greatest height, u nde r w Ofi a who t th e reno ned , , th e be ter to secu re h is k w r o f ingdom , hich com prehended th e g eatest part y w s o f this cou n t , togo ether ith con iderable portions R M o n mo u thshir adnorshire, e, and Shropshire , made

00 l n . o f a broad ditch . 1 miles length , some traces which are stil l v isible and for still greater secu rity h e w 110W removed his court to South to n , Su tton , h w t w e about three m iles n ort es from H ereford , her he w h erected a palace , hic he defende e nd of the h e e t m s. nes the t n rench ent The Da , abou t end of , 36 Irr ae r o a o sa ras .

ei ghth century, obtained a tem p orary p ossessio n of M w Be nthre d w ercia, bu t ere expelled by , the la fu l who o f 20 was ri nce, , after a reign abou t years, pimself b defeated y these i n vaders , and deprived Of his k ingdom ; wh ich was soon afte rwards subdued A lured W who by , kin g Of the est Saxons , annexed i t o wn s E who to his , and chose as h is succe sor gbert, having u nited th e various Saxon states i nto o n e sove r ei n t s g y, th u laid the fou ndation Of the glory and

- o f B . w r pre emi nence ritai n H erefordsh ire, ho eve , d w w w uring the ars h ich occurred , bet een the ti me

o f o f su b u ~ the rei gn th i s prin ce , and the complete j atio n o f W ff ff g ales, su ered greatly from the di eren t incursions made by the brav e descendants Of the

ancient Britons at vario u s periods . U P OP L ATION , O ulat o T he p i n o f th is count y consisted , accord

i n o f 0 . g to t e late retu rns , 1 33 43 i nhabitants H ere fo rdshir e ret u rns eigh t members to parliamen t viz . ' two two i for the cou nty, for the c ty Of H ereford , t wo two fo r W e o b l . for Leominster, and y n rv n n s AN D CAN ALS . O f wa 1 fo r A n act parliament s Obtained in 179 , maki ng a nav i gable canal from the ci ty o f H ere ford b w o f L G lo u c es y the to n edbury, to the Severn , at te r w , ith a lateral cu t to the collieries at Newe n t w c o mmu Th e ad vantages p roposed , ere an easy ' n ic atio n between the c o u n ty o f H ereford and the o o f B 0 01 1 p rts ristol , Li ver , and H ull ; an d also pa ts o f W Sou th ales, and t ose ports, besides easy access l o f c o al o f to arge and valuable m ines , an d quarries l i - w f me stone , as ell as i mprovem ent o lands an d estates i n the vici nity o f the inten ded l in e Of the a c nal . The mon ey was to b e raised by subscription s , t he e hares an d expens Of completing th e canal .. was t estima ed, by the s u rveyor , at B u t was so this e stimate erroneous , that after had x w s n o t been e pended, the design a half com le ted an l e and the p ; the c a t rminating at Ledbury , l to the u s b . A n oss, s b cri ers, was very considerable

n naar o nnsn ras . n o o k R d n it e nters o f f th and a or, that Here ord , n ear e w H a . b e t ee n W and d y, the parishes Of h itney Cliffor . o n W e w The barges used the y , hich is navigable H f to ere ord, are from eighteen to forty tons b ur then ; b u t ei ther ar large or a small sup ply o f water is equally f atal to the navigation . The latter, (says Mr . D uncomb) is expe rienced during the greater part o f d r w s w every y su mmer, hen hoals barely covered ith he t in w ' t stream , occu r very frequen ly ; i nter, heavy w 0 11 w rains , or sno dissolvi ng the rivers banks, ithi n ff o f n the county, hav e the e ect gradually addi g a few inch es to the depth ; but when these rush into its channel , from the mou ntains o f Brecknock and R t e c s t s adnorshire , h y oc a ion an almost i nstan aneou ) fl w w o ver o , and give it a force hich defies all the o f ordinary means resistance . P R and assi ng H ereford, oss, Monmouth , Chep s t w is o f o , it received into the channel the Severn , b avin watered and adorned a tract o f th is cou nty fr o rt n o t om , y to fifty miles in extent, only equal i n its varied beauti es to any scenery Of a s i mila r ' k E d w i nd i n nglan , bu t orthy pe rhap s to be com r r w w a ed ith the most admi red vie s o n the continent . hese beauties have been delineated by so many w as o M r able riters , su ch Mr . Mas n , M r . G ilpin , . a Ireland , and others, that it is not attem pted to det il

, e . o f b e them her The general character the river, twe h tne er - m il mW i y and H efo rd, is d and p leasing, i ' e' c o nsist n o ff w o i g delightful reach es, ith the m st agre eab le landsc apes and luxuriant scenery o n their

i o . s des . From H eref rd to Ross its features occa ’ s io nallv assume more Of b o ldn é ss ; but u nde r C a

- w w the pellar hill , and bet een Caple and Fa ley, a r e ches are again strikingly beautiful . k w R A pproaching Goodri c Castle, bet een oss , and

Mon mouth , a peninsula seven m i les i n exten t is ' b the o f w k formed yl circu i t the river, hilst the nec ’ df lait d reaches only o ne mile between the opposi te — points Ne wand pleasi ng o bje c ts n o w rapidly ' ‘ c e e d eac h o the r ; and the romantic t ill age of Whit R I V ERS A N D CA N A L S 5 9 n e h church , stu pendous hills , and ha ging rocks , x ibi t

‘ t t f e altoge he r a cl imax o beauties picturesqu , sublime,

« and terrific . T he pri ncipal fish take n in the Wye is the sal r mo n w is w w v a , h i ch ell kno n to leave the sea at r io us p eriods, and penetrate, as far as is practi cable, w d r w r to ar s the sou rces Of the greate rivers , he e they deposit their spawn secure from th e ebbi ng and fl o w h t ing o f the ti des. Ot er mo ives appear also to n 1s c o n attract them , as the seaso of coming not o fs awnin no r m fined to that p g, does it see to depend , l o n s o f in any particu ar degree, a g reater u pply food than usual ; an occasional change o f water is pro ' ‘ r . l are bably g ateful, if not essential to them , hey in W e re in fou nd the y at all times, bu t they a only T as p erfection from December to A ugust . heir p sage u p the stream is at present so mup h o b s tru c te d w s the water is w far by eir , that unless d s elled above

t n . c 1 r its usual height, hey ca not advance Th is ' c umstan c e t o f th e , and th e illegal prac ice tak i ng o c ll n young salmons, p r vm ia y termed last spri gs, have th m c n r rendered em u h less ple ti ful th an form e ly , w i hen they abou nded in th s ri ver. The pri c e Of salmon in Hereford market was for me t ly o ne penny per pound ; i t n o w vari e s from

- - a w i the eight pence to half cro n . accord ng to ti m e and h e other circumstances . T e degrees Of p e rf c w h t w th tion i n hic hey are taken , vary not only ith e

‘ s o , i the a s d eas n but “ also i n proport on to time el p e

i t he . c o n since they have qu tted sea After a short . tin uanc e h wa im . in fres ter, they tend rapidly to poverishment ; and as they are sta ti o nary at no t w t ff i other i me, bu t hen there is no a su i c en t stream o f e w to adm i t thei r proceeding, a mod rate s ell puts n ew sb th the fi in motion , and enables e fisherme n to w a calculate their approach ith considerable accur cy . T h e y are ‘ very rarely fou nd to advance agai nst a o f o r wa w current very cold very hard ter hen , W w d w s therefore, the e is s elle by sno d i sol ving i n large quantities from the sides of the mou ntains to D 2 40 n s n ar o n ns n rae . w w s ards its source, h i ch occa ionally happens as late ri M a as A p l , or even y, all attempts to take them are suspended fo r the time . No r are they frequently in te rc e ted w p by the fishermen , hen retu rn i ng to the w a w i sea , as it is kno n that the voy ge h ch they hav e ‘ p erformed has depri ved them Of th ei r pri nc i pal v alue and i n thi s state they are denominated Old

s /i . T he w d t fi spa n , eposi ed in the ri ver, produces O f w b e fish a very m i nute size, h i ch abou t April c o m s as y d g o e heav as a gu eon , bu t m re taper and delicate in their form ; these are i n some parts

t - o r - ermed salmon fry , salmon pi nks , bu t are here

kno w last- s r in s n by the name Of p g , from the date Of t ta e n hei r annu al appearance , and are readily k i b i i y the artific al fly. And if th s mode of catch in g , was a n them lone resorted to, the su pply Of salmo would probably be far more ab undant than i t n o w

s Tw - W i . o k i nds o f last springs are fou nd in the ye o ne w the , hi ch is the larger and more common sort, leaves the river during the spring floods ; th e other

s - i i termed the gravel last spring , and is met W th o n o f particularly shoals , during the whol e the Is sum mer . T he gene ral Opinion , that the las t i n s pr ngs , having made a vo yage to th e sea, retur at e/z r s Of w r d e i n the begin ning the follo i ng su mme . Botchers are take n from three to twelve pounds weight ; they are d i sti nguish e d from the salmon by a a i a sm ller he d , more silvery scales , and by reta n in g

a - m uch Of the delicate app earan ce Of th e l st spri ng. In e the third year they b come Salmons, and Often ‘ we 1gh fro m forty to fi ft y pou nds each . These are ' generally received opin ions res p ecting the p ro g1 ess o f the last - spring to the botcher and salmon but it r o f m ust not be om itted , that some able natu alists the r the an d p esen t time contend , that last S pri ng botcher are e ach disti nct In their spec i es f1 on 1 the s u m salmon , and that the botcher resembles the W o the taken i n the elsh rivers , r even that i t is same sh w fi . A question has also been suggested, hether th e gravel lastv sp ring may not proceed from the bo tcher . ‘ v n r 1 ar r as u r e s t u s . 4 '

fi s o ccas O Dall c take n he W e are Other sea h i y in t y , fl a l 1 us shad , ounders , l m preys, and amp e ; but none o f w e o r n . these are met ith fr quently, in abunda ce A shoal of shad is generally the forerunner Of a shoal Of salmon ; flounders have been caug ht f1 o m s d ur i Feb ruary to May the season fo r lam perns i . ng a nd o f May M arch nd A pril ; a that lampreys , and wh1 h is June. The lampre c highly esteemed as a re mo v e s t e b b les i delicacy, p e f om parti cular spots r u y ih i n the most rapid st eam , and th s forms a ver w b e d secu re retreat, hich is provi ncially termed a w Th and in these they are taken ith a spear . e fe o f n and c o n male is a rounder form tha the male, n i o f w w tains a large qua t ty spa n , h i ch , is deposited i n the bed , and fecu ndated after passing through th e body Of the fish . The lamprey appears to possess

i n l to . an ternal heat, equa perhaps terrestrial animals

B d W o f . esi es these , th e y e has the us ual kinds r v e rlfi sh c j , i ncl uding pike, grayling, trout, per h , e an els , d gudgeons . n The ri ver Lu g rises in Radnorsh ire, and enteri g H erefordshire o n the north - west border n ear Sta le to n W is p castle, in the hundred of igmore, almos t ' m i a m d i med ately augmented by strea calle th e, Wade l w res ; hen taking a direction nearly east, i t ' c e ive s P znsle r . the y (once the Oney) . at Leominste l c lin n n i g afterwards to wards the south , i t is aide d b i m o rr w e y the more cons derable strea f the A o , b w E an S tO ke d Wo l b t een aton d , , i n t he hundre of y,

F w w rdin d Mo rdifdnd . and of rome, bet een Lu a e an who le s b W e d The i after received y the y , im me iately w a v M belo the ple san t illage Of ordiford , after pass i n a o f t g a fi ne and fer tile p rt the cou nty , abo u th1r t mi s n w y le i n exte t , ithout calculating the cir c u mfl e xio ns in its course. The Lu g i s i n general too n arrow and to o much sun k witb m its banks to be an obj ect of beauty : i n som e other respects it re W e o f an d sembles the . y , being impatient control, l e n w n o s iabl to sudde overflo , t solely from cau es c o mm s b u t d on to mo t rivers , also from being ammed

‘ D 8 e n nr o nn n s 4g H s l n . ' u o r b tli e o f p, driven back y higher curren t th e the ir unc tio e n. W , at the point of j y ' n w v o A similar i nco venience , ith respect to na iga is e w en L u w tion , experienc d h th e g is s elled by w c ffe partial rains , h i h have no t equally a cted the W ye ; a rapidity and force are then giv e n to th e L ts i a g W e w i u g in i d sch r e i nto the y , h i ch it W ll pro b ably he ever diffi cult to r e strai n o r correct A n P d 1663 A ct of arliament passe in , and a second abou t r e n d rin th i rty yea s after, for the purpose of 1 e g the a ff Lu g navi g ble, bu t u nforeseen di iculties arose , and noth i ng was effected . A private subscription was i in 1 14 W l th e appl ed the year 7 , mor success for fe w n a time , and a barges avi gated as far as Leo In inste r : bu t ei ther from want o f sk ill i n th e arch i ' te c t o r o t d h h o , from the Obstacles bef re s ate , a ig fl od, we o afte i wards s o i i h wh i ch follo d so n , mater all y u n o j red the locks and all that had been done , that atte mpts to repair o r rene w the works have been T h o subsequ ently made. e several kinds f r iver fi sh fou nd i n the Wye are also taken i n the Lug ; b u t c hann e l i i f artic u lai l , although the each i s p y deep

w th o in - fi s h W e here ey j , the sea com mon to the y w ' are rarely met ith i n the Lu g. This i s perhaps to be at tributed to a greater degree O f cold and hard ness w f in the ater O the latter . ' The M u nn o w rises O n the eas t o r H erefo rdsh ire i H attrel u s is o in e d s de Of th e mo ntain , and j near w i Ew Longto n i n the bu nd ed of yas Lacy, by th e w Es e le an d Olc ho n, i r y h ich have the sources not far Wat i a from that o f the Mun no w. e ing sequestered and pleasant vale i n a d irection n early from nort h to u A lte r n nis o f so th , it recei ves at y (formerly the seat C l a t e the the eci f m ily) , a brook anci en ly term d

' Bo the na n o w s t le d y, according to Dugdale , but y th e ’

H o th ne w a - b y, h ich springs bove the once cele rated i w b n abbey Of Llanthony , an d st ll flo s y i ts ve era L A lte r n n is Mu n n o w ble remains . eaving y , the ' b ecomes the bo u ndary between this c Ou n t an d that f Po ntilas t p Monmouth , receivin g hear e united n r z s v a AN D CANAL S. 43 stream s o f the Dore and th e Worme ; the forme r

- z o f wh i ch ris e s at Do rsto n (Dore town) i n the h un ~ ' o f W t e ul dred eb ree, and i n ters e cts a rich and b autif v all e y ; the latter rises near A lansmo o r i n the same w h u nd red . With these aids th e Mu n n o bec om es l tn a consi derab e ri ver , and cont inu es be the pro v inc ral . l in _ boundary, u nt il it passes L anrothal , W o rme lo w w a H e i e fo rdshire h undred , he n i t le ves , w n M t i s i e c e i ved W e and flo i g by onmou h , by the y m o w im ediately bel the town .

d G - fi sh Trout, gu geons , eels, and ray , are taken in M o w the u n n . ‘

l he w- has R r h A rro i ts sou rce i n adno s ire, and K n Lu entering th is county near i gton , joins the g a fe w m il e s below Leom inster ; the name is sa i d to be derived fro m the s w iftness o f its c u rre n tfi l ts fish tro u t r are , grayli ng, and c ay fish . Wo lfi l w The Frome rises nea r e o , in the hu ndred o f Bro xash e e r - G , and bei ng j oin d n ar St etton ran i th e L e (i B C o w d son , by od n from rendou isho p , arne , I i S C is recei ved by the Lug near Mordiford . It s liable to frequent and sudden floods . Trou t are its n p ri ci pal fish . T he e T f T me , or eam , enters H ere ordshire from

- w B the north est near Bram p ton ryan , and passes i alte rnately through parts o f this cou nty and Shro p sh i re . Near Tenbury (T e me b u ry) it makes a more n id r ste ishire and re co s e able circu i t into VVo rc e , Whitb o ur n w the w o f B turn i ng to , belo to n rom ' ‘ a d re v Sa e it yard . n c é i in g a sm all brook fro m p y, a H r fin lly qu its e re fo rdsli ire i mmedi ately afte , and discharg e s i ts e lf i nto the Sev e rn be tween Malvern an d W o o b u r i y o f \ 0 i chase y h ll , i n the count V ces ter . Pearl s have occas ionally been fou nd in th e m uscle - shell o f the T e me ; and a small fish re s em

n a - n w o ne - bl i g a l st spri g, but eighing about third of a n d pound , a co n sequen tly m uch larger than the

l - fre u e n ~ th s ast spri ng, q ts i river . Le ado n o r L B y in The , eddon , rises above osbu r , ‘ adlo w to wn o f fi hu ndred, gives name to the Led 44 n e nr r o nns n raa.

w a and b ury, hich it p sses, entering Gloucestershire, becomes tributary to the Severn soo n after. i t i s th us curiously personified and descri bed by Dray ton i n the seventh song of h is Po lyo lb io n ' w wa sai Ledon , hich her y doth through the de t

make, ’ T hdu h all d d to g near to Dene y , determine forsake b ushes Her course, and h er clear lims among the h ide , b e e s d e Lest by Sylvans, (should she chance to pi ) ’ S he m i ght u n maide n d go u nto the s o v e raign flood w w So many ere the rapes done on the atery brood , ' Sab rine fo rc d That to her sire great Neptune ”to sue, The ryots to represse o f this outrageo us crue . A variety o t infe r io r b rooks come i n aid o f the o f w h rivers and streams noticed abov e, many hi c c ontribute to the p u bli c benefit by turning m ills for wa o f grinding corn , and some are useful i n the y i rrigation . The Gar i a n and the Gamar abound with cray fish . Some Springs on the Herefordsh ire side of Mal v m and ern hills, were formerly dee ed medicin al , w obtained the flattering name o f holy ells . Several petrifyi ng springs are stil l met with in those hilly s Fo wn parts that contai n lime tone, near Moccas ,

W e sle . A w hope , Llanrothal , and o rm y smal l ell , ’ n R in Wo l he ear ichard s Castle, p h u ndred , dis charges small bones when disturbe cyresembli ng the ‘ o f back b ones the frog .

. o s n s .

w n . These ere o ce proverb ially bad , and are still A w w modern riter has , not ithstanding, observed , that H erefordshire abou nds with residences of p rinci pal f i w am lies, in spite o f i ts roads . Much , ho ever. has W b een done withi n the last thirty years . here

- is coarse lime stone . properly broken , not to be ' w o f it had, the roads suffer mm the ant ; the north s ide o f H erefordsh ire has the worst public roads ; the b ad ' e xc e t n p rivate are u ni versally , p i g those situated o n sandy o r gravelly soils . R A IL n o r ms . A rail - road from Brecon by the way to Kington

46 n e aar o ans n rna.

e nde nc e . w o . p This circu mstance bei ng kno n , it p e r ates as a check u pon matri mon y . tends to licentious n and s ess of manners , discourage population . At a i former per od , the parish of H olmer comprised te n was w farms this number after ards reduced to five .

W w f . hen there ere ten arms , the several small far m ta r ers lived respectably, main ined thei families l and to o f an d decent y. i nu red them habits i ndustry, they reared nearly do uble the stock that was after w u i t ards prod c ed . may be that they s up plied the m t w h arke s ith so m u ch less corn, as t e increased u t demand of their fami ly required , b they made n n l o f amb amends i a i ncreased su pp y veal , l , pou l w try, and butter, hich brought these articles u e general and ready s , and kept the prices of oth ers w l s ith i n proper imit . The temptations to p ro mieto rs to consolidate farms are numerous and we igh ty ; t he sa y ing i n re pairs ; the facility i n collecting rents , and the re ts sponsi bility of tenan , are al l admitted ; but every rank in society ought to make some sacrifices in n o f favour o f the public . Many i stances t his kind have recentl y taken pl ace i n the lowering o f r e nts b i w t is . y several opulent ndividuals, hose examples, i h w b e s th oped, ill not lost u pon other , especially e h ric clergy, and corp o rate bod The best arable lands have b e e n rented at an ave r o f w h n age t enty s illings a acre, the best meadow, t w a forty shill i ngs ; i n the v icinity o f to ns, some meadows have been let at four pounds an acre . The t n o r p oorer arable may be rated a te sh illings , less , and e i htee n meadows in distant situations , at g o r w P re i n t enty . ayments a invariably made money b u t waggons are len t out for a fe w days in the year

t e . to h landlords , to carry coal The greatest estates i n the cou nty belong to the ' e ' i n So uthwark the Gov rnors of Guy s Hospital , , D o f E a E x Sir e u ke Norfolk, the rl of sse , Georg

w R P. K S KD vi s es . Corn all , bart, . night, esq, a e , q

&c . &c, , ‘ ‘ r anuaz s AND LEA SE S . 47 e d f r o wo T hese ar ivided into a ms , averaging fr m t t a a o fou r hundred acres each , and re let to ten nts at w o f n rents varying ith th e quality the soil , proportio w c fe w o f meado , & . U nfortu nately, only a of the i large estates are occupied by their propr etors .

r rr n ns . w These are in very fe instances collected in k ind . n in o f The average com posi tio lieu them , varies fo ur in from three shillings and Sixpence , to shi llings the pou nd , paid for rent. They are generally paid w ith re luctance , and considered by the occupiers a and proprietors of land, as serious obst cles to agri

ff o f. cultural i mprovement . The e ects tithes , i n a w : o f religious vie , are obv ious they preven t habits i ntercou rs e between the clergym an and his p a h r ris io n s o f . e , and destroy the pu rpose h is labours To t ma als o w influ h is system y be o ing, the superior e o f w h nce dissenters over their flocks, compared it h o f in o f t at the m isters the ch u rch . r s n u n s s AND LEASES . l l rc h n fi eld w n e , hi ch is a considerable part of the W o rme lo w o f h u ndred of , th e tenure gavel kind has prevailed from the remotest periods to the pre

. s o f d in i sent ti me Thu , i n cases persons v g ntestate, law o f fle t s the primogen iture has no e c , and land n o t l t o r o n e so n descend , to the e des , you n gest , any ' o nl b u t l s o y, in equa di vision to all the sons t geth er. ' Bu t the priv ilege and secu rity of disposing o f pro . e y b y w n o w p rt ill , are so fully u nderstood and ex e rie nc ed o f p , that the provisions th is pecul iar te

. mi re are seldom resorted to . I t is the same i n th e m o f w the anor H ampton Bisho p, ith respect to B E l w t tenure of orough ng ish , by hich the you nges

t o & c . son su cceeds the burgage, tenement, on the d o f t he o o f his ' eldest eath his father, to exclusi n o f and other brothers. This ten ure, like that gavel is kind , is seldom acted u pon . Copyhold property n o t in this s so common as i n many other di strict . o to T he c ntinual expenses , the vexatious litigations w i hich it gives rise, and the d stress occasioned by i t 48 H e rre r o aus u rar . a an he w d to families , m ke it obj ect m u ch to ishe , law to that a should be made, to enable the landlord o f o r n purchase the i nterest the tenant, the tena t a b a o w « obt i n that of the lord , y a f i r and k n n com

satio n . L p e n easehold estates are more common , but are liabl e to ma n y o f the obj e c tio ns agai nst “ i d r e o c o ryho l property . The p i nci pal l ss rs are the B D d and ishop, the ean , the Chapter , Preben ari es , C t e d r C C o r other members of th e a h al hurch , the o ratio n o f w C e p Hereford , and other to ns , t he oll ge

- o f C r Sec . two r o f Vicars ho al , Nearly th i ds the r whole county are supposed to b e f eehold. o f o ld w e fo Leases dates , ere g neral ly bindin g r twenty - one years ; bu t from the ext raordin ary ad the o f r vances i n price grai n , landed prop ietors have granted them more frequently in three terms of e r n o f seven y ars each , dete m i able at either those T he e b o r . in p riods , y landlord tenant prov isions o f e f w the clauses H erefordsh ire leas s , have e peen l iaritie s. T R . C . H O to n . hose granted by p , esq of

C - t i n anon Frome, af er b din g the tenant to keep the t i that the landlo rd premises i n repair, fur her st pulate , w w in ith proper persons , shall have po er, once every a i year, to survey the st te of the bu ldings, and make o f w a r ort to th e tenant , hat appears necessary to be epone on the prem ises .

- H FA RM O U S ES AN D co rn e as .

o d - w The l farm houses of Herefordshi re , as ell as o t i i o her cou nt es, are nconvenient and the fli c es ill adapted to the purposes for wh i c h they were de W si gned . ater and shelter appear to have been i fo r pr ncipally consulted, i n selecting a Spot bu ild i ng ; these are confessedly objects o f no triflin g are w i m portance, bu t there other obj ects also, h i ch o In n e w requ i re and deserve attenti n . the ones (o f which there are ma n y ) the defects of the o ld ones are a re at adv anta e c o m gener lly su ppl ied , to th e g g and ‘ o f f l fort the farmer . The Governors o Gu y s Hospi ta i n r a i in are , this respect, pa ti cularly ttent ve to the te rest ma and co nvenien c e of the tenants . Under the COTTA GE S . 4g

ent W o o dho u se . n age m of James , esq , several o f the l t w o d houses have been aken do n , and oth ers su b an d stituted on better sites, on the most approved

a W e r i e e . pl ns . h n p act cable , a g ntle d cl i v ity to w “ il l C h i n ards the south , i m p l es some em i ence , is generall y preferred : the bu ildi n g is ad apt e d to the size of the farm to be O C C U PIC d wi th i t ; the wal ls w h i are constructed it stone , and the cover ng is of slate. Particular care is taken that every part of the o r fold, yard , shall be d istinctly seen from the w w o f w i o r indo s the room ; hether k tchen parlou r, w h ich is most frequently i nhabited by the tenant “ and his family ; as m u ch als o of the land as pos

wi o r w w . sible, is thin sight from that other i ndo s

o u t - d The buil i ngs form three sides of a square, ' the fou rth o f which is occu pi e d by th e ho us e and d w : gar en all the former com prise barns , stables, c o w- s d - i - hou es , fee ing stalls, pigsties, c der mill , and w arehouse for the l iquor. H ouses and bu ildings o f all ki nds are usually p u t i at into good repair by the propr etor, th e com me n c e me nt a of a le se, and the tenant engages to preserve them in good condition afterwards ; havi ng sometimes the advantage o f u ncon verted tim b er w from the estate hen necessary.

- c o r r ac e s . These are generally of very h umble construction many have been b uilt on waste grou nd by thei r w w a proprietors , hose means ere far from dequate to u the attai nment o f comfort and convenience. B t i w ten cottages , u pon a mu ch m pro ved plan , ere

‘ built by the parish of H olmer, some years since, o f i for the accommodation as man y fam lies , and a o small garden annexed to each . The introducti n ’ o f w s stra berrie into the cottagers gardens , are a i val uable add tion , combi ning both pleasure and w profit . Part of the aste lands on A conbury and h uc kn ell b ills b ul S , hav e een parti c arly appl ied to ‘ d these pu rposes with great success an little trouble. r: ‘

5 0 ire aer o ausarnrz. “ ' B e ne fall The red Carolina , or ath scarlet, are g y ’ r preferred , an d thei fruit sold readily in July, at te n

in f . pence per full quart, the Here ord market

CATTLE . Those o f H erefordsh ire have lon g been esteemed ’

if . superior to most, not all , the breeds i n the island ’ ' m r The nearest to the in general appea ance, are o f D h L an those evons ire and S ussex . arge size, f and l e athletic orm , u n usua neatness, characteriz the genuine sort ; the p revailing colou r is a reddish w wi w i w o f at bro n , th h te faces . The she oxen ’ M x i chael mas fair, i n H ereford . cannot be e ceeded by any annual collection in England .

sn e e r . The provincial breed of sheep is termed the Rye l o f . and , from a district i n the vicinity Ross They w w u are small , h ite faced, and itho t horns , the e wes weighing from n ine to twelve o r fourteen pou nds the quarter ; the wethers from twel ve to

’ In o f sixteen or eightee n pounds . symmetry shape, an d in i n flavour, they are su perior to most flocks E l : i o f w w ng and i n qual ty their ool , they are holly u nri valled . Leominster has usually b e en celebrated as famous fo r its wool ; bu t possibly it m ight have been the ‘

o f w . w lace its sale, rather than its gro th H o ever, phili s w p , the poet rites , C an the fleece Bce tic o r fi , nest Tarentine com”pare , W ’ i th Lempster s silken w”ool ? “ ’ an d s Camden styles it Lempster s ore , Drayton a k s ‘ . ’ W o n B f r here li ves the man so dull, ri tain s a thest

shore, To whom did nev er sou nd the name o f Lempster o re ?

' ’ That with the silk worm s web ; fo r smallness doth compare n o us o ne of o o r i s No breed h gs , p g , as th ey are pro ’ v inc iall v d l f . terme , are pecu iar to H ere ordshire A PPPLE s, c E R , &c . 5 1

ENCLOS U R ES . w w Ne ones h ere are ditched ith posts and rails, o n w t the banks ; but quickset. or ha thorn plan s, have been more in u se si nce the Agri cultu ral So c ie ty o f the province has o flere d premi ums for the f w e greatest q uanti ty o ha thorn qu i ck, prop rly fo r an o r b v planted fencing estat”e, fairly sold a n e - s u i urs ry man for that purpose . Oak timb er i n v ersally used in the constructio n o f gates .

I MPLEME NTS . Those used fo r h usbandry i n this county have fe w Wa o n s inte nded ecu liari ties . gg , for turnpike roads, p u w ave sually heels six i nches i n breadth , carry t n w w about hree to s and a half in eight, and are dra n

d w o n six~ by six horses abreast . Carts are also ra n w ee fo r an d inch h ls , many pu rposes, have grad ually

w- w t sup e rseded the use o f the narro heeled car s . The o i s La p lou gh very generally res rted to , the light m m as w w w o r r , ithout a heel ; it is d ra n by three fou t o f horses , according to the condi ion the soil , and wvas preceded by a long awkward and heavy i mpie m n o w . lo ent, entirely out of fash ion The p ugh n o w u w i n sed , is ell adapted to the requisite uses

w w 81 0. so ing heat , Cars, that sometimes have a o f w pair heels , and someti mes none , are in general se o f u for the common business the farm, PPLES Si p A , CIDER , . Here fordshire affo rds plantations o f fruit - trees in o n o f n u every aspect , and soil every q uality, and de r “ s , every cultu re ; bu t the soi l be t adapted to

o f a . most k inds pples .(says Mr Du ncomb) is a deep ' an d m w o rich loa , hen u nder the culture f th e p lough ; o n th is the trees grow with the gr eatest l ux uriance, and produce the richest fruit . Som e

h w . trees, o ever, the stire and golden pi ppin i n par ic ular l an t , form exceptions to th is genera rule, d o w u flourish m st i n a hot and shallo soil , pon a lime r o r - l - sand stone . he best sorts o f pear tree s al so prefer the ri ch l o am ; bu t inferior kinds wi ll e v en w e th w flourish h re e soi l ill scarcely pro dupe he rbage. H 5 2 ERE FORDS H IRE . The appl e trees are di vided i nto Old and New sorts ; each cl ass c o mp r ises n what i s c alled Ke r ne l ru its r - w o n i ts o wn f ; that is , the f u i t gro i ng native i i o e roots , a d ist nct on from those produced by the p ' l ' ' ra tion o f grafti ng. he o ld sorts are the more valu w i able, and those hich have been long ntroduced ; S n ' H a lo e r l as the t i re , Golden pi ppe , g Crab, seve a o f e B n Re d varieties the Harv y , the ra dy A p ple, W d o M G n Re d streak , oo c ck , oyle, e net moyle , ,

W w M Fo x- w h ite , and Yello usks , Pausou , help,

o ld P - - loan and earmai ns , Dymock red , Ten com m andme n ts & c . o f d ri , Som e these names are e sc p tive o f the fruit ; and - o thers are deri ved from the places where they ha v e been fou n d in abu nd ance; ‘ The modern variet ies de r rv e the ir appella tions fro m io i s r t su ch capri c us and var ou causes, that a co rec t : i th l ist canno be composed in some n stances , e a ff frui t he rs a di erent name even i n the same parish . In r fo r d b selecting f uits cultivation , respect shoul e pa i d both to the s o i l and s i tuat i on o f the i ntended r : w l i is orcha d here both are favourab e, no restra nt s a o i nece sary ; but in cold situ ti ns , and un k nd soils , the most early frui ts are o bviously those wh ich may a be expected to cqui re maturity . T he time fo r gath e ring the apples is generally ab o ut the m i ddle o f Octob er ; b ut th i s varies ac d s h t T he cor i ng to the sea on and sort o f t e frui . pre vailing practi c e i n gat hering is to beat the tre es w e e a o l/in lu s and a ith long sl nder pol s , c lled p g g , s “ wo me i r n d i l r n d to the a pples fall , a ch d e are employe t n as d o f t collect hem i to b kets th is mo e ga hering, is w r d as b i an d n r , ho ever, ve y efective, oth r pe u i pe t i w e i e to fruits are thus in erm xed , h ich is d tr m ntal i o i c In h s the product o n o f go d c d r. some orc ard , o tw ad wh n theref re , o gatheri ngs are m e the first e to l o n n w i h the apples be g i n fa l sp ta eousl y , h c is a s ure cri teri o n of the ri pe ne ss an d agai n when those

that were left green become su ffi ciently m ature . ‘ H The pri nci pal m ark e ts fo r the fru it l iquors c f refo rdshire are o f o B f m , those L ndon and ristol , ro

4b H H ERE FORDS I RE . A GR ICU L T U R A L SOCIETI E S . The first o f this k ind was established in thiS ‘ Co nn t 1 o f . y, i n 797, and com prised m st o the princi pal o to c r p rie rs and o c u p re rs o f land i n the c o u ntyu b e n umber o f members has bee n nearly a h undred w and fifty. T he avo e d obj ects of the society are to t i and r exci e, by prem u ms other means , a gene al spi rit o f emulati o n among breeders and prac ti cal} farmers ; to e ncourage an d re wa rd industry and fidelity i n servan ts ; to promote the kn o wledge o f every bran ch o f agriculture ; to carry the breeds o f fl c arc asc the cattle and sheep, as to eece and , to greatest poin ts of perfectio n to im prove the bre ed o f horses o f the cart ki n d to establish a market and sale where O p ulent and spi rited purchasers may . w C . C . al ays find the best stock , & & LE A RN E D H A AN D EM IN ENT C RACTERS . E w John Talbot , arl of Sh re sbury, a celebrated w ' commander in the rei gn o f H enry V. as slai n at

o f C hattllo n e . R the siege i n Franc , i n 1453 obert D E o f E was evereu x, the celebrated arl ssex , born at

’

w 15 6 . was b e he ade d in Nether ood , in 7 H e , 1601, C w for treason and rebellion . aptain James Corn all,

e was r ~ an excell nt naval command e r , born at B ed ‘ wardine C astle was kl lle d o ff n , and Tou lon , a Chai h i m o f 9 shot depri vi ng both his legs, February 7, 1 743 ; he has a noble monu ment tn Westm i nster

i - A bbey. th rty six feet high . David Garrick, the r Ro s c rus e 1 16 d in B i tish , born at H reford , 7 ; he ied 1 w w 779, and his ido survived him t tll E leanor

‘ G wn r f y , the celebrated Cou tezan in the rei gn o was o f and Charles IL, a nati ve H erefordshire, had no small i n flue n ce in procuring the fou ndation o f

nw 168 . K Gree i ch Hos p ital , she died in 7 John yrle, ’ P R was b o R o r W ope s man of oss , rn at oss, at hi te W i i 2 e . i n house, and d ed i n 17 4, ag d n i nety th an o f a n u m h e come only five h u ndred pounds per n , m erited all th e p raises bestowed o n h i m by Pope . t Th ‘ H e e re fo rd Jour n al is publish ed in that c ity W e e kly: On a W edn esday: ‘ 5 I OPOGR A P H ICA L D ESCRIPTI ON . 5

POP U LATION . o Acc rding to the returns of 182 1, H erefordsh ire n Q 06 1 e s b contai s i nhabit d hou es, occu p ied y m e e e 103 Q 4 fa il ies ; mal s f mal s total , 3 . The i ncre ase o f population i n the C ity Of H ereford is n t ascribed to vacci ne i ocula ion , to the peace, and a the conven ience O f market .

WEIG H TS AN D M EAS U R ES . The follo wing are the peculia r ones u sed in this

. A o h r county p u nd of fres bu tte , eighteen ou nces ;

n w s two - r a sto e , t elve p ou nds ; a cu tomary acre , th i ds e a w c o n Of a statute acre ; a hop acr , that sp ce h ich an t o r r tains a thous d plan s , abou t half a statute ac e ;

o - f w a lug , f rty nine yards square o coppi ce ood ; a w - a o r a ood acre, three ei ghths larger th n a statute, s 8 5 da w to a y moth , about a statute acre Of meado o r t w b grass land , the quanti y usually mo n y .One in da r o f fe n c in man a y ; a pe ch g. seven yards ; a o f w i h perch all ng, si xteen feet and a half ; a perc of a land , five yards and a half, (as st tute ; ) a b ushel of grain , ten gallons ; a bushel of malt, eight gallons and a half.

TO POGRA PH ICAL DESC Rl PTlO N OF THE RD COUNTY OF H EREFO .

Jo urne ro m Co mb to Ri o rd thro u h H er 67 d . A y f f , g e/ .

C O M B is a small village situated at the north - wes

e O f - tern extr m ity the county, o n the eastern banks L A h Of the ugg . short d istance to th e sout of th is o n w t Wa le r v illage , the es ern extremity of p H ill , are the vesti ges Of an extensive camp . The slop e ' wo a nd of the em i nence is fi nely covered wi th od, Its northern extremity is washed by a small river , w hich forms one Of the sources Of the above river. The banks and di tches (wh ich are h igh and very e o n e w deep) are fiv fold , excepting on side, here t the s eepness O f. the ascent is a su ffi cient security . ‘ o A the la . o f I L Y i o t tw t , vil ge T T E , s tuated ab u 5 6 x Exe r o nn s m n E . o f was P m iles to th e south Comb . formerly a riory, ' ’

A l ro ne . s ubordinate to the bbey Of y , i n France O n

su re ss ro n P r . the pp of the Alien riories, in the ei gn o f F was t H enry the i fth , it gi ven to the college a Win st rll to that chester, and belon gs establ ishment . A w s o f T t B w bout a mile to the e t i ley, is y ood , l E w E O th e princi pa seat Of d ard Harley, arl Of x E l who ford , and ar Mortimer, possesses a very con s ide rab le exten t Of landed property i n the north

western part of this cou nty . The grou nds at Ey r d iv rs rt o f wood display a g eat e y scenery , and are

ornamented W i th some fine plantations .

O we - a n leavi ng C omb, proceed in a south e sterly d o f an d irection , and at the distance five m iles a P 15 0 half pass through the v illage of embridge, mi les L w v from ondon , formerly a market to n , and gi ing n ame to the ancie n t and honourable family of Pe m

o r B O f . bridge, rydges , ancestors the Lord Chandos

was o f, M Th is place part the estate Of the orti mers , who procured the privilege Of a market, and H enry the First granted it a Charter Of liberties : the market

has been long d isconti nued . i P A t the d stance of about 14 miles from embridge,

i o f W - after passing through the v lla es est Hope, we arrive at an angle O f the m a distingui shed by W the remai ns of a stone cross, called the hite Cross , w h o f fi i ht o f th e base Of h ic consists an hexagonal g _ t n sev en steps , measuring e feet each i n length , bu t w T h hich gradually decrease with the ascent. e fi rst and only remain i ng stage o f the shaft is like wise i w the hexagonal , the he ght o f hich is si x feet, and d h e h two O f brea t of ac face feet, ex clusive a pillar w In r bet een each . these sides a e as many n iches , n contai i ng shields , beari n g a lion rampant ; the n o n l i ches are u nder pointed arches , s u pported smal w colu mns . Above is an embattl e d parapet, ith the o o f mouldi ngs, and base f a second division the shaft ; w wi has th is , ho ever, th all the u p per part , been long de s ro ed : nt ts s is y the e ire height, i n i present tate,

15 iee t. ’ TO I O GR A P H ICA L D E Sc aI r TION . 5 7 o f i The origi n this cross , accord ng to tradition , to B C antilu e who rs is ascribed isho p p , said to have b e e n ' re tu n in w d H h is r g to ar s ereford , from palace at wa w e e o f S ug s, h n the b lls h is cathedral began ring w n t in ing, ithou t any h uman age cy , and hat com a o f e t m emor tion such a mi raculous ev n , he erected o n w s at this cross , the spot here the sou nd had first

. D has w tracted his notice . Mr uncom b , ho ever, grv e n a m u ch more prob able reason for its co n strue

o . l n 1 r ti n the year 847, he obse ves, an infectious r a the w H r a nd disorde rav ged hole county Of e eford,

‘ l o iS la e d a as usua , p y the gre test malignity in the place s most nu me rously Inhab tte d ; this c reated a n y o f o ecess i t removing the markets fr m Hereford , vr aste o n w ; and the spot Of grou nd , h i ch the cross w w n o d as a . In stan s , pplied to that purpose me m i t w r wh w e Dr . o as ory of th s ev n , Le is C ha lton , c o ns ecra te d b ishop o f H e reford a fe w years after w th rs r c ards, caused cross to be e e ted ; the lion n w s ar O f r t ram pa t a the armorial be i ng th is p ela e, e o n a and is re p eat d h is monu ment i n the c thedral, with a s im rlarity which sO strictly pervades the w arc h rte c tu re the as hole of tomb and the cross , to f rd n was af o the stro gest presumptio”n that this the real i or gi n o f the cross described . One m ile beyond W w hite Cross, e arrive at H O EREF RD, o f a A city great ntiquit y , thou gh the precise era O fits o t n ha t s It rig s n o been a certai ne d . is sup posed b y C am de n to have at rs e n when the Saxon He p tar was i o h rnrme diate l chy at its he ght, th ug he y after wards assi g ns the rei gn O f Edwa rd the elder as the t m its n a i It we e i e Of fou d t o n . must , ho v r , have b e x a 6 o r 680 een i n istence previous to the ye r 67 , ; ' fo r r o f I Me r who du i ng the rei gn enda, king of cia . h ad m a C s was e br ced hri tianity , a synod held here or e o f i n e w a in f the pu r pos erect ng a see in Merci , c o nsequ e nce o f W t h Put ta was chosen the first b ishop o f Hereford ; this circumstan ce clearly evin c es that H erefo rd m us t have bee n a place Of some s 5 8 H E aE r o aD n raE. i mportance at that time ; and the probability is that i t origi nated soon after the departure o f the R w Ma C o r K e omans , hen gna astra . e nchest r, the n R was d . earest oman station , eserted w w w s n he This city, ho ever, hatever a its origi , o f o had came the capital the Mercian kingd m , and a ‘ ’ m d to l o l do re r agnificent church , accor ing y Vi gil ,

o f , as early as the rei gn Offa, and even previous to the present cathed ral being founded by that sov e in x i o f E reign , e piat on of the m urder thelbert, ki ng o f E . i s the ast A ngles The erection of this ed fice, toge ther with the various gifts m ade by the m ultitude a o f E who w s that c me to vis i t the tomb thelbert , a

and w e CO 71: .deemed a martyr, orshipp d as a saint , tributed not a l ittle to the i mpo rtance o f Hereford ; its progres s was equ ally flourishi ng under the W est ‘ S K the ti e o f A thelstan axon ings and about m , the was s w w city i nclo ed ith alls , as a secu rity on those sides where it was not defended by th e Wye ; these w w n o w im e rfe c tl alls , hich p y remain , although they have been im proved and strengthened at va riou s

( . o n the periods, probably stand says Mr D uncomb) ; . f original ou ndations . They are 1800 yards i n e x “ e o n t nt , and i nclose the city the east, north , and

' w to w rds the l est sides ; a south , it has the natu ra o f W y e 5 0 a o f w m defence the , and also, y rds all fro the western an gle to wards the bri dge the whole o f he w in n u m this side is 5 5 0 yards . T gates ere si x b e r W - w t , viz. ye Bridge Gate, . hich stood a the ’ e d o f r e w h wa south n the bridge ; Fria s Gat , hic s

h - w o n Situated on the sout est ; h inge Gate . the w W M ’ est ; ide arsh Gate, on the north ; Bishop s

n nd . w Gate, o the north east ; a St A ndre s, Since ’ - e S t. w the . t n call d O en s, on south east Fif ee em battled towers p roj ected from the wallsf hav in g em o f n brasu res i n th e shape crosses , i n the centre a d ow si des , for Observation , and the discharge of arr s . The d istances between these to wers varied from 75

125 : the o f w , o n to , yards height the all measu ring

u was 16 feet : that the to wers 3 , the o tside, _ , of , 4 ' TOPOC R A PH ICA L D ESCRI PTION . w o f Thus th e hole ci rcumference the c ity, enclosed ’ b th w l an d was 9 50 r . e y e a ls river, 3 ya ds Sp ed , i n t w 15 00 ‘ h is history , s ates the alls only to be paces i n extent ; and Leland very correctly calls i t a goodly m T he w “ e i le . latter ri ter also Observes , that thes walles and g ates be ri ght well maintained by the bu rgesses o f thee to wn and notices also the addi

- tio nal security derived from a little brooke - that

’ a w c irc uith cometh five miles by est, and [as i t still ’ c onti nues to do ] the ditches O f the walles udz n o n ' dc ml zto r Va a w fi g , and goeth do n , leavi ng the castle o n d re iv n two the righ t hand , and thence i g m i lles fo r W e fi corne . goeth into y a yte shotte beneath W ” e B . y ridge, an d hard beneath the castles A b o u t the o f m iddle the eleventh century , d urin g o f E w G r fiil the reign d ard th e Confessor, y h, a sove O f W E rei gn ales , after conquering the nglish forces u Ran ul h nder the command Of p , the governor Of d who H erefor , had been i nduced to qu i t the city and W d gi ve battle to the elsh , entered H erefor , which immediately became a scene O f illage and f slaughter. T he p ri ncipal i nhabitants led to the cathedral for security ; but the entrance being for c c d h , a dreadful carnage ensu ed , and the churc o f its e o n m s pillaged riches, and b ing set fire , the fla e - o f w h commu nicated to the city, the greatest part hi c was d to W ' reduced to ashes ; and , accor i ng the elsh ” ’ Of E Ran u l h s w e Chronicl es , nearly 500 arl p men er slai n; and the Bri tons returned home with many w n i orthy priso ers, great trium ph , an d r ch spoils , l the to wn b and » an d eaving nothing i n bu”t lood ashes , w the alls razed to th e ground . E w who was i t l d ard , then at Gloucester, im med a e y f w o . b e collected an army , the command h ich t s o n E l w who en rusted to H arold , Of ar God in , a d i v an c in Vv in g i nto ales, obliged the late s uccessful v fo r w aders to su e peace . H arold , soo n after ards c tO ' Flo retu rni ng to H ereford , fortified i t, a cordi ng " r rac e ns is w ~ , ith a broad and high ram pire . Som e w r iter s also ascribe the rebu ild ing o f Its walls an d. 60 H S TOPOG RAP I CAL D E CR I PT ION . fi who w o a forti cations to H arold , is li ke ise said t h ve erected th e castle ; but as writers have differed re o f we n t specti n g the origi n th is castle , shall i ser the ’ w n t M o h r. Du n c m s i follo i g extrac from collect ons , whose observat ions re s p ecti n g i t are pa rti cularly

r . W r wa , it s e e ms pe ti nent h en H a old rebu ilt the lls ‘ h ighly pro bable that h e founded the castle fo r the further defence o f the to wn ; yet o n th rs poi nt wri a r w w w ters are not fully g eed it is , ho ever, ell kno n , th at th e pol icy o f Edward the Con fessor i nduced r his re i n to n h i m , in the early pa t of g , fortify stro gly

l O f c o ns e u e n c e and - ac p aces q , especially those most hi s w was cessible or advantage ous to enem i es , hich s rtuatio n d m precisely the of Herefor , fro its vi cin i ty ' ’ W e f . E d ar dus ni r irz z al u c unc ta s zb z e to al s g , i o p c p , ' r e ubl zc a a r i a i nda er is timan u lo c a mm p p me f c e s, o a

r ces zdzzs munir e 8 m. Bu t a w p , Gr fton ri tes that Ed w E A lu re d ard the lder , son of , in the eighth year o f his reign (908) b u rlt a strong castle at H ereford and a an a m n uscript in th e Harlei library mentions, i f o f W w from H olinshed , that Gr fith , king ales , ast ed a great part of H ereford shi re ; agai nst whom the that c o u n t o u t men of y, an d No rmans Of the castle O f H e re fo rd w : G rifii th n , ent bu t Obtai ed the victory, ” ’ i r Slay ng many , and toke a great prey . S p ott s chrou i m E w o e x . C as tru H ere cle also records , d ard s R ' ’ f ordzce o r Villam ae Wyggemore c ondidit ' ” c ui s uc c ess zt E t/zels tanus . re To these accounts it is obj ected, that had a ' gular castle ex isted when Algar and G ryfi y th got O f H r w d possession e eford , Leland ould har ly hav e ’ represented that it was scan t fo rtrfi e d on that C C Casion ; nor would the Welsh Chroniclers have omi tted to noti ce what wo u ld have added so m uch to the o f s fame their heroe , as the redu ction Of a consider

able castle . Camden observes , that the Normans w c o n the ‘ e ast after ards (i . after the conquest) built srde O f W t o n e , the church , the y a large s ron g, cas tl c , Which some ascri be to earl Milo . H u me , also ascribes the b u i ld ing to th e Norman Con que ror ;

62 a na e r o nns m n e . _ r ‘ i a lan d desc ibes the keep to have been , h gh nd w te n se mic irc u very strong, having in the outer all ’ lar w o n e t w w . . S to ers , and great o er ith i n Dr tukeley w fo termed i t, a very lofty artificial keep , alled r m to w f w erly at p, and havi ng a all i n i t aced it h ’ o In w w go d stone . the eastern ard ere the gate C u e house ; a chapel dedi cated to St . thb rt, part w ‘ e c irc ulari hereof (says Leland) is oper , a rn rll

two d w - a and ell i ng houses , perh ps i ntended origi nally fo r the accommod ation o f the gov ernor and h is atte ndants . Ther is a fayre and plentiful spring o f water (continu es Leland) wrthin th e castle ; and that and the piece o f the brooke com i ng o ut o f th e ’ did ti n “ w i e. In d itch , drive a th in the castl every direction must have bee n capable o f ve ry c o ns i. d e rab le d efence a g ainst the modes of a ttack the n w o n the n k no n the south , ground along the easter w d n i c r ar , fell almost perpe d ularly seven ya ds to the river o n the east the works stood o n earth th rown u w and p five yards , i th a deep broad moat i n fron t , w w all e o n the hich ere continu d north , unti l they T h reached the wall whi ch in closed the keep . e o f e o r s w ri d imensions th e gr ater ea tern ard, measu ng o n o f w w f w : o n the site the alls , e re nearly as ollo 1 r o n w 100 o n the th e south , 75 y a ds ; the est ; north w 1 5 o t 1 . o r n 7 ; and n the eas 96 Th e smaller, ester w was r y 00 y i n o n the ard , nea l 1 ards extent, so u th and east sides ; t o wards the north and west we r 65 . e re th ree sides , each measu ing yards Ther " came also an arme o f a brook e that ru nneth f w ‘ through a great piece o the to n dyke, by an arche m ad in w w i c and so e the to n all nto the astle dyke, com passing half the cas tle (that is the east and the n o rth sides o f the larger cou rt) went i nto Wye ; so w all o f s b an d that ith the p rinc ip arme thi rooke , w t i i h the arme o f it goi ng through the castl e d ke, w ri w and ith the mai ne stream o n e ver, the hole castle was environed ; bu t n o w the arm e o f the b o a it t ro ke cometh no t through the c stle, yet m igh w w e Soon he retu rned thither . The second ard her TO PO GRAP H I CA L n asc n rp r ro ts . 63 was w w the dungeon is , also en vironed ith ate r ; for o f w a piece the ater , that came throu gh the dike , ’ w w s as turned that ay. The entrance wa on the h o f w nort side the eastern ard, over a great bri dge

w t w- of stone arches , i h a dra bridge i n th e m iddle . r r e o f W R The castle standeth on the left p ye i ver, and alittle n beneath the bridge, a d is strongly ditched , ’ u b z mmdefenditur amine the walles o i it be high and o f to were s : h stronge, and ull great i t hat bee n o ne o f fa rest the largest, y , and strongest castles i n ’ E n . B o f ngla d y the side the ditch arose a spring, W t h s Et e superstition con ecrated to S t . helb r t : th is o n n s rde w w is situated the orth of th e estern ard”, and retai ns adegree o f reputation to the present day . o w This castle i s n al most obliterated . the only v estige o f any part o f th e building being a fragmen t at - w o w r the south est corner, n conve ted i nto a d w “ e ll n . l t s e s ro b ab le this e j i g e m p , that fortr ss as n ff e ) e the 645 ever e ectually r air d after siege i n 1 , ’ ’ t d b e arriso ned trIl 165 at hough i t continue to . g 2, which time the parliamentary commissioners re ’ ‘ tu rned it as ruinous and i ts mate rials as worth o n l 85 1 o w s e The area f the outer ard , called the Ca tl

‘ is no wa w ' Green , f w surrou nded by a publ ic lk, h ich is rr the i ‘ w m rrc h ca ied along s te o f the alls, and is u freq ented from its pleasan t si tuation . On the s ite ‘ o f w o f w . the lo er kee p . the castle, another alk still krnd o f more elevated , an d formi ng a a semicircle, has been made . In the Doo msday Book are several i nteresti ng pa r ti culars relati ve to the customs and tenures pre s rrb rrrb s the w o fw valent in th is city and its , , hole hi ch prove the consequence which H ereford had attain h w w ed thou gh its inhabi tants , bot ithi n and ithou t w s n d e the all , i the same recor , are stated to have b en o nly 1 03 in the ti me of Edward the Confessor bu t this e n u me rat ro n must have been m ade subsequen t i o f tlre w b y ffi u m to the destru ct on to n Gri th , the n ber o f houses held u n der the b ishop being stated to 60 h so have amou nted to only , thoug his predeces r F 2 6 4 H aaar o a us n ra z .

. w s had 98. A t this time H erefo rd a governed by an offi cer (Prmpo situs) who was appoi nted by the w w s was cro n , and hose con ent i t requ isite to obtain before any i nhabitant could leave the ci ty : h e m i ght then sell h is house to any other person who would per form the usual serv ice ; but o ne third part ’ ’ ic e was ffi of the p r given to the king s o cer . If any was b h to dis i nhabitant una le , throu g poverty,

w , charge the accustomed dues to the cro n his, house b ecame forfeited ; and the Praeposi tus was to provide a t t w no her tenant , and take care tha the dues ere d w n w c ollecte . The o ner o f a entire d ell ing house w w - e i ithin the alls , paid seven p nce farth ng annually, besides fou r - pence towards providi ng war horses ’ ; he was also obl iged to mo w g rass in the ki ng s rn a n o r o f M t o f : t alden , i n the mon h A u gust and o a o ne w ff ttend other day, hen ordered by the sheri , t o who at. collect hay together . H e kept a horse tend ed the she riff three times in the year to the hu n d W w W o f o r me lo . red courts , and to that hen the t H w w s k i ng h u n ed i n ay ood Forest, every house a to fu r n ' sh o n n a e r e man to assist i tak i ng the g m . Othe inhab rtants dwe llrn - not possessing entire g houses ,

- fo r w provided door keepers the hall , henever the d o f o n e kin g attended i n person . O n the eath any who had w t war- was e n served i h a horse, the king t i tled to his horse and arms ; where n o horse was

108. w the i kept , ere paid to k ng ; or i n default , pos session was taken o f his house and lands : i f an y o ne w o s d o f ff w e d ied ithou t having dis e h is e ects, the hol

w . became the p r0 p e rty o th e cro n . T hese customs p re varle d within the walls w s rrn ilar those i n the su burbs ere , except that i n the

w - latter , the o ner of a house pai d only three pence farthing Other regulations w ere com mon to both ; w w n w t e n and hen the ife of any i habi tant bre ed,

was T .w pence pai d b y ancient customs . here ere f o n e fo r six smiths , and each o them paid penny his ’ IQ O er r a forge, and furn ished f from th e king s iron , ‘ for Whi ch each was paid three - pence ; no r we re r r o o na c n c o r n r rt r. as ar r r ro w. they subj ect to an y oth er servi ce whatever: There w a v M o ne er s o f w ere lso se en y , one hom belonged to W e “ the bishop . h n a coi nage took place, every 8 r moneyer paid 1 8 . for the l ibe ty o f procuri ng b ul o n o r t w it ai 20s l ion ; and th r re u rn i th , each p d . daily . to the king d uri n g o ne nro n th ; and the ’ a ’ bishop s moneyer paid th e s me to the b ishop .

W ' the he n the king came to Hereford, moneyer coined as m uch as he ordered ; but the king fo r ’ h is hed the silver to make i t : each o f the money er s o f S ac an d S ak e w h enjoyed the pri vilege , by h ic ‘ w s t mar e n ts they ere ex empted from c u o y paym . ’ o f f k O n the death either o the ing s moneyers , twenty shi llings were paid to the crown as a re l re f if he w d o f ff but died ithou t havin g isposed h is e ects , s o f th e ki ng, as i n other case , took possession the w ft he w W mo hole . l sheriff ent into ales , the ney ers attended hi m ; and every o ne o f them re fusing o ff ne to go, after a s um m ns to that e ect; paid a fi o f E H h d w 40 shillings to the king . arl arold a t enty f t seven bu rgesses u nder him at H ere ord, and hese w h ere s ubject to the same customs as the others . T e

a ff o r ffi r n 191. b ili , chief o ce , paid an ually to the k ing, and six to Earl Ha rold ; the above customs b e rhg c o mrn u n o f a re to the tenants each . The ki ng lso c e iv e d a these forfeitures as penalties , 1 1] c se of parti c u lar ff o f w h 100s . was o ences , for each h i c paid to ' w t o n d vr o r . the ki n g, he he r the ffe e r as h is tenan t not C K W i e A fter the onquest , i n g ill am held Her o w n theE l in hab rtan ts ford i n h is demesne , and ng ish remained subj ect to the above - stated customs ; but ' the French i nh abitants were exem pt from all torfel e o n a tu res , (ex c pt the three not iced above) , the p y o f w v w w ment t el epence ann uall y . The hole to n th us paid to the Conquerer 60 pounds i n silver w w ac c ru rn coi n , hich , together ith the emoluments g rn an o rs w w a from eighteen , h i ch ere ccounted for i n 3 the H ereford , amou nted to 335 1. 18 . besides mulcts , fi and other pro ts , aris ing from the hu ndred and other c D oob ourts . unco mb f r o m fi re Doomsday B y H e s s r o ans m an. When the barons broke o ut in rebellion against

l l l . c Henry they began their O perations at th is pla e, f S n M o f u nder the co mmand o i mo ountfort, earl was im Lei cester, and their first act of hostili ty to i o f n w pr son the bisho p , and su ch th e cano s as ere fo re r n e rs afte r the u o f i g , y had pl ndered them all the r b ff was o f c o nside rab le valua le e ects . It also repute, w o a E w hen the bar ns took u p arms gai nst d ard II. w fav o u rrte S E o f Gl v hose great , Hugh p encer, arl o u c e ste r w s a o n w 5 0 , a h n ged here a gallo s feet high ; and i several others , the favour tes of that pri nce, shared the same fate . A most bl o ody battle be i n g fought near this lace ‘ w h f r bet een t e arm y o Hen y V I. and that o the E r o f t w E w IV a o f a l March (af er ards d ard ) , the l tter w w hom as conqu eror, and havi n g taken several o f W no b rlit w the elsh y, as ell as others , prisoners , he O brought them i nto th is c ity, and rdered them to b e b e xecuted i n th e most bar arous manner . the b re akrn o u t o f w L la On g the civil ars, ord C rendon des cribes Hereford as a “ town very well ffe w r a cted , and reasonably ell fo tified , havi ng a w a it strong stone all bout , and some cannon ; and n d re u ta o h there bei g i n i t some sol iers of good p ti . ‘ e l o f ualrt many g nt emen honou r and q y, and three o r s r i fou r hu”ndred oldie s , besides the nhabitants w . Sir W W w ell armed illiam aller, ho ever , sudden l y appearing before i t, the garrison yielded them o u i s elves prisoners quarter , W thou t the loss of one man on either side . S hortly after its surrender, th e parliamentary w it was army qu itted the city, u pon hich i mme diatel re - e t o f i s y occupi d by a s rong garrison royal st , o f S Es under the command Barnabas cudamore , q . ' two brother to the first Visc o u n t S c u damo re . Abou t w w as S h years after ards , i t besieged by the cotc aux rliaries d f L b t t un er th e E arl o even , u af er an ' i p e ffe c tu al stru ggle o f u p wards o f a mon th s con t rnuan c e d t , and j ust as the earl ha comple ed his pre a af s s r c he was p r ion for to min g the pla e, , com pelled TOPOGRAP H ICAL DESC RI PTION . 67 o f w su to retreat, by the approach the kin g , ith a perior force from Worcester . The follo wing letter des criptive o f the mos t parti o i th rs c lar events that occurred dur ng s iege, se nt S L rs by the brave cudamore to ord Di gby , pre ’ served among the King s pam phlets in the Br i tis h an d wh1c h its t we M useu m , from singulari y shall i nsert at length . the 3o th o f u l I w O n J y, sen t out a party of t enty h W e B i who s r e orse over y r d ge, di cove ing th i r for n o f e t t he rr ar lor e hope hors , charged them in o m ne d n r t d d r w bo y , and retur ed i n ve y l it le isor e , and ith s n o f o n e i S lo se o ly trooper, taken pr soner ; ome

S . m of the cots fall ing I mediately after this , th ei r whole body of horse faced us in about ten o f the ' ’ in n w t n o f o u r n clock the mor i ng, i hi reach ca non , w w w h o ur me ttal o e n and ere elcomed it , good xe tion be ro g done. u pon them the rr foo t as ye t u ndis

r . r t 1 cove ed About half an hou af er, caused a strong o f w party foot, second ed ith horse , to li ne the h d who a e ges , g lled them i n the passage to the fords ;

r w a re treat, l n afte hose h ndsome \ bega to ensafe the

w I d id . i a ports, h ich that night In the morn ng p eare d the rr b o d o f we r p y foot , and fou nd o u selves

e . e n o ned s rle n c e su rround d l j y the bells , lest their r n w h was an alar e w i ngi g , i ch m to a aken bur devo m t the t ion , m ight chi e hem together to execution f o their malice . For the s ame reason I stop th e ’ : y I te llrn clocks and hereb , tho prevented them g the s o tales to advantage of the enemy , I my elf l st the p u nc tuall Observatio n s o f many parti culars , w e [ h ich , th refore, must more confusedly relate to r your lo dsh i p . Before th e y attempted any thing against the to wne the n : th rs , y i nvi ted u s to surre der they did b ne d t by a dou le su mmons ; o from Leven , irec ed to me ; the other from the comm i ttees of bo t h d tt n o as s e s o f ki ng oms , (a endi g u p n the ayr the army); sent to the ma ror and corporation ; b u t we com l ed so w p y ell in o ur resolutions , that o ne po sitive 68 n z az r o n n sn raz . w fo r w w ans er served both parties , hich as returned by me to their generall . f This not giving that satis action th ey desired , t o a fi o f hey began to appr ch u pon the rst Au gust , v s o w d s bu t ery l ly an d mo e tly, as yet i ntending more o f o wn m Of th e securi ty their persons , than the ine ours ; b ut all th eir art could not protect them from wh r h o u r s mall and great shot c fell u o n them . Be t o u r m e n h y s ides h is , galled them andsomel at their several sallies Over W y e Bri dge ; once beat them u p to their maine guard ; and at another dc ~ ’ m i o ne . wh ol sht side of St Martin s Steeple, ich wou ld have much annoyed us at th e bridge an d pit l was e w h u ace . This perform d only it the h rt of two o f o f men , bu t with the losse great store the

enem i es men . w .When th ey s aw ho w diffi cult the service ould

p rove, before they could compasse thei r designs by f a o f w was orce, they m de use another engine, hich

flattery . The maior and alderman are courted to w b y ield the to ne, y an epistle subscribed by six Of e t the cou ntry g n lemen , very compassionate and s l to r sua ory, but u pon our refusall to S ou p this l u e, the y were much i ncensed that they had been so lon g d w isappointed, and having all th is hile continued t e o f a hei r lin commu nic tion , they raised their bat f W e B w eries , commenci ng at y ridge, from hence they recei ved the greatest damage : but instead o f r l e venging that osse u pon us, they m ulti plied thei r

o wn a o f - , by the de th their m u ch lamented General

f d w . C raf or , and some others that fell ith him Thi s p rovoked them to play hot u pon the gate for two d h b e rn ayes toget er, and battered it so m uch , g the w w n s l sse u r e n eakest, that it as re dered u e e ; yet o m s topped i t u p with woolsacks and timbe r ; an d for o ur greater assu rance o f e lu drng their attempt we ' b rake an wo rk . arch , and raised a v ery strong e be

. f s t his ho e s r 3 he enemy , ru tra e of , p here , aised awo seve all a o ne the r b tteries at the Friers , other

70 n e n s r o n usm n z .

those other foure sallies , made by us at the castle to ff an d w w s w good e ect, hat emulation there a bet een r w the souldie s and c itizens , hi ch should be most e n i gaged n them . No w o f u o f their losse prisoners, sla ghter men , and o f n o u t wo rke s dishonour bei ng beate of their , ” w e i h i ch they fo u nd r ady to flame abou t the r ears , if e d they returned pr sently i nto them , had so kin led

their i ndign ation , that presently they raised batteries ’ a n . w laied gai st St O en s Chu rch , and p fiercely at i t, b u t to w h e li ttle purpose, h ic they so asily perceived t m 2o tb 2 th was hat. fro the until the 7 there a great c we w de alme on all sides ; as illi ng to prov i ou rselves, and i s to rme preserve ou r amm u nit on from a , as they c ould be industriou s and mal icious to bring it u pon u s n sa was fo r . Ye t 1 can ot y either side idle ; th e y ‘ w a plied their mine at St. O en s and prep red for e we im lo ed o ur y s ali ng ; cou n termined , p y bo es by d a s t l r w s y and n igh t to ea ou t and fire thei ork , se cu ri ng thei r re treat by m usketiers u pon the wall ; ‘ w no t e h u and hat ou r fire could p rfect, thoug i t b rn t far s ufi o cate d o f w r , and some their m iners , our ate did in w , breaking u pon them , and dro ning that wh i ch the fire had n o t consu med and this saved u s t h o urs uin w we k e pai nes p g a min e, h i ch had sun ‘ o n to n m a inefi ec tual pur ose re der theirs th t place . ' ‘ l th me rc ifnll ] assa es e 29 . Leven , a general , y the town by hi s last o fier of honou rable condi tio ns n n to s u rrender ; bu t he fou nd us sti ll unrele ti g, the ter ror o f his cannon maki n g no im pressio n at all tu o n m p our spirits, though the bullets discharged fro t o n o u r w : hem had done so much alls this , though some o f their commanders were remisse and coole the a and r d t e at deb te, some cont a ic ory, dri v s thei r greatest s pirits into a passionate resolution of sto rm i n st e . g ; and to th at pu rpose, A ugust S l and S ptem

d . 1 s t . an ber , they prepare ladders , hu rdles, other ac c o mmo datio n s a s for advancing thei r desi gne, and e a r c uring thei r persons in the attem p t, and pl ide ve y o t w n B ster - h ith th e ir ca non upon y s Gate, and the n asc TO POG RA P H ICAL a r Io N . 7 k ’

- n n . w h h al f moo ext St O en s Gate, intending t e o n t morn ing after to fall , presu ming, as hey boasted , a r t that, fte they had ru ng us h is passing peale, they should prese ntl y force the garrison to gi v e u p he r ‘ l t Bu t his a a oyal ghos th e same nigh t, m j esty d v anc in W ave the m u g from orcester, g a very hot alar m d w a l t he and ra i ng a li ttl e ne rer to us , i ke s u nne to t he i th e mer dian , Scottish m iste beganne to disperse, e xt~ o r n o f and the n m n i g vanished out sigh t . I may not forget one remarkable piece o f divine prov idence, that G o d sent u s si ngular me n o f all pro e f ssions , very usefu l and necessary to us in th is dis t tresse . and so acciden ally to us, as i f they had bee n o n purpose let down from heaven to serve our pre ~ s a d e me r e nt o c c asio ns : s kilfull ent n g su ch as miners, w e excellent can noneers, o ne hereo f sp n t bu t o n e shot in v ain throu ghou t the whole siege ; an expert carpenter, the only man i n all the cou nty to make m w w w disfu rnis ills , ithou t hom e had been mu ch ht o f o u r w te o u r w means to make po der (af r . po der m was o r . i ll burnt, ) grind corne That providence t u s s ; hat brought these to , at la t drove ou r enem ies o f o r from us, after the destru ction foure five x o f m ines, the e pense three hu ndred can non shot, u t w h besides other am m nition spen it muskets , and i o f 1200 th the losse, by the r confession , , and as e 2000 : we all no t e cou ntry says , men in ”, losing abov 2 1 w , by all casu alties hatsoever . w w u The entrenchments , that ere th ro n p hythe s l s iff e Scots , duri ng this siege, are til vi ible on d er nt o f th w sides e to n .

N w t . ot ithstanding this success, H ereford con inued b u t a short ti me in possession o f the royalists, it be mg soon a fter taken by a detach ment of parliame n a o f C B t ry troops , u nder the command olonel i rch , M S who Colonel organ , and Captai n ilas Taylor, are said to have obtained it by th e followi ng strata ~

. The gem { country, people having been summoned b r o f y the gove nor H ereford to repair to the city, for the pu rpos e of assisting and stre n gth en in g the 72 rraa e r o nnsn ra n. w fi w had r t alls an d forti cations , hich been g ea ly d amaged du ring the s iege by th e Scotch arm y, and some of the wa rran ts iss u ed on this occasion hav i ng b e eh n t C o B r r me n u t i tercep ed , lonel i ch h i ed six , p o f a i w them i n the form l bourers , W th a constable i th w w a to r to w i n them , ith a arr nt b ing these men ork the to “ n ; in the n igh t b e lodge d th e m w i th i n thre e t o f w 15 0 o quarters musket sho the to n , and m sque e e and w f and t ers near th m ; h i msel f ith the oot , C M n w i u olonel orga ith the horse, com n g p i n the n e o ff n i fro m the ight after th m , cut all i tell gence ' s w an d e an . In to n , thus prevent d y di covery the m i ti w the r w- r d orn n g , u pon let ng do n d a b i ge , the six w w cou ntrymen , and the constable , ent ith thei r p ic ko axes and spades to the bri dge ; but o n the a e n m n gu rd b gi ni n g to exami ne them , the cou ntry e i e m e in k ll d three of the , and kept the r st play ti ll mu s u e tee rs n w e t he q and t he mai body came u p , h n ' w wi and b e c ame they entered the to n , th small loss , m r aste s of i t . R t w Soon after the es oration , the bravery h ich the inhabitants of th is city had displayed i n resisti ng the c h w s w n e w a an d an S otc , a re arded by a c h rter, a t o w In v rc r ia u gmen ation f arms, ith the motto " FI DE LIT o A T IS PRE M I U M . S ince th is peri d no even t o f d istingu ished historical celebrity has occurred r especting this city . e was H ereford , as befor observed, formerly sur w rounded by a all and deep ditch , and defended by

- w , w , the above mentioned, castle hi ch as ell as a o f w an are great part the all , d three of the gates , h r wid demolished . T e st eets are i n general e, and d w n o f fe w the bu il ings , ithi the s pace a years, have been grea tly i mproved : and as th e ci ty sta n d s o n a ‘ rav e ll so il is n s g y , the air conseque tly alubrious, and v r fa e y vourable to longevity . ’ The , ; most conspi cuous amon g the pu blic build i th C r w ngs of this city is e athed al , hich , as already m w o f E entioned , o es i ts ori gi n to the murder thel b E ert, king of th e ast A n gles, by the M ercian kin g r o e o o as r n rc ar. n asc n rrr ro n . 7 a fi w o ri l Q fa, hose valuable donations to the ina church ,

- w was S t. r w ~ h ich dedicated to Ma y, an hich pre i usl v o y Occu pied the sam e site , has frequently occa sio ne d him to be considered as th e founder o f the n ew w was r cathedral , hich erected abou t the yea 895 ,

M frid d E . by ile , a prov i ncial governor u n er gbert The followin g are the circum s tances attending o f E the m urder thelbert , as related by ancient his — t o riansé The principles of O ffa having been c o r t d o f w rup e by the possession ealth and dom in ion, it d E S W he inv e thelbert to his palace at u tton alls,

- abou t three mi les n orth east from Hereford, u nder re te n c e o f gi vin him his daughter in marriage ; u t arrivaf u e ndreda w f Off un on his Q , the i e of a , elle d b the ambition of p ro c u ring a new kingdom fo r fa a o f b her m ily , obt i ned the consent her h us and all o f to violate the ties honou r and hospi tality, by ttin t w was p u thei r un fortu na e guest to death , hich im me lately executed by some partizans i n the ser v v o f t o was n ice he queen . His b dy first pri vately i e rre d M w s so o n f w t at arden , but i t a a ter ards re ff b e moved by O a, to th e ch urch at H ereford , where b erected a magnificent tom to his memo ry, who h w l The m urdered prin ce, ad ( hile iving) been considered as possessing various eminent qua ifi c tio ns was e l a , ; after h is death , regard d as a sai nt, and m iraculous events were afli rmed to hav e ‘ many

o d o f . M ile trid ccurre at the place his i nterment , b eing induced to enquire i nto the truth o f these re u te o f p d miracles , and the result h is investigation i f n e w prov ng satis actory. he determ i ned to erect a

o f o n o f , r [ church ston e the site the former i n honou

o f . E m S t thelbert , and as the ample grants ade by Mile frid were n o t only augmented b y the revenues i f ar sing fro m the donations of O fa, b ut still farther increased by the numerous offeri ngs made hy the i i who l s s p lgr m s , flocked i n m u ti tude to the h ri ne of t e w was e h m urdered k ing, th e ork soon complet d, " bu t no descri ption o f it is su ppos ed to e xist ; fo r within less than QOO years it appears to have wholly c 74 n m ar o n nsn i nc : fallen to decay ; it was h o wever reb uilt by the mu n ifi c é n e (if who w s a é Bishop Athelstan , a ppointed to 101 v w this see i n the year g ; o er hich he presided till th e time of his decease in 1056 ; in wh ich year was the cathedral itself destroyed by fire, during r o f W ff th the hostile incu sion the elsh u nder G ry y , d E a l o f a d i an the r Chester, n remai ned in ru ns till o f R Lo z in o r the the s uccession obert , surnamed a , i n 0 w n his b e s y ear 1 79, he that pre ent edi fi c e o w A ix , n the model of the

- C la hapelle, i n Germany dying, in the 5 n n ished year 109 , and leaving fi . his d esign was afterwards complete d by Bishop Ray n e lm who was , , appointed to this see about the year ‘ 0 and who in n 1 96 , i s recorded the Cale dar of n f O bits} to be the fou der o this church , probably from the great extent o f the work erected duri ng his “ v w relacy . This en erable structure , has , ho ever , peen greatl y increased and b eau tifie d by several o f the bis hops since its erection , and the last altera t ions o f a ny considerable importan ce are o f a very r e c e nt ' date n ff , havin g bee e ected since th e year 1 w w t wa 786, hen the tower over the es front gave y; and falling to the round destroyed all the parts im m a b en at w edi tely e i t, together ith the adjoin ing T he w t n p arts of the nave . es end has since bee

rebu ilt, and the whole cathedral repaired under th e

d e o f W . ir ction Mr . yatt - The cathedral destroyed by G ryffyth is su p p osed to h ave extended beyond the lines ' o f the w " p resent building, and particularly to ards the south w o east ; here, near the cloisters f the college , Silas Ta lo r the d y f anti quary , iscovered , about the year 1 05 0 “ s , uch stu pendous foundations , su ch capitals,

a nd w l- s pedestals , such el wrough t bases for arche , " and i o f s uch rare engravings, an d mou ld ngs friezes ,

'

5 Kai. . o b itus Rene lmi e is o fund ato ris Oct p c pi, ’ e cc es S i Ethe l erti l ie anct b . To r o o ns r n rc ar. nasc n rr r ro n . 75 nd t as left little doubt in his m i , bu t tha they formed parts o fthe church bu il t by Athelstan . a the rese nt struc The gener l plan of , p venerable o f w w ture is that a cross , i th a lesser transept to ards « and a de e to the M the east, a ch pel d i cat d Virgi n ary b . o f . eyond it At the inters ecti n o the nave an d

w w h . , is a square stone to er, hi c had for . tr‘ansept o f i W and merly a spire t mber , cased ith lead, rising 92 fe e t in e was , , . h ight above the battlements bu t th is d w pulled o n , during the late repairs , i n order to relieve the arches o f the to wer from so mu ch o f the t e su peri ncu mbent we i ht . Though h greater tran i ts t n sept is not u n iform , north end being larger ha e t an the south , y additional building, originally em as no w the p loyed the treas ury, but used as chap te r - e e . house, gives its app arance an air of symm try The exterior parts o f the presen t e difié e are very e e artic ularl re4 dissimilar i n app aranc , p since the o f t w re e cent construction he est front, t arch itectur ' o f which is extremely i ncongruous to the s tyle w h W was the h ic it pretends to imitate . hatever u m w o f d r m ca se (says a . odern riter) thi s epa tu re fro t w he an c ie nt c o f , . it . chara ter th e building hether g ' a f o r o he‘ rose from the inadequacy o the fu nds , fr m t want o f i e ff r skill n the archit ct, its e ects are ce tainly to c be lamented , inasmu h as they detract greatly ' h s Th from t e ub limity o f the original design . e great o n ow a to‘ d or, as it ppears, can hardly be compared

‘ an e - w y thing lse than a very ill formed niche , ith t b o irnd d two sur ob use arch , e by buttresses, and mounted by battlements ; th e great win dow is m the v high- pointed style ; and the cent re terminates w e , an m i . ‘ ith battl ments and has e pty n che Besides e has two the buttr sses above mentioned , the facade ‘ fi v - w s e sided and t o commo n b uttresses . Th e niche ‘ “ o ve r the side doors are paltry in the extreme : th e w more beauti ful front, hose place has been usurped, s w is de cribed by Mr . Du ncomb nearly as follo s T he origi nal west fron t was carried on in the Saxo n t s é, e e o f the n the c , j yl ‘ as h igh as th r of ave i n entre n n annr o n uSH rn a. t h w ’ the aisles o n h e s id es . A t t e est e ntrance s s o f S wi r everal eries small axon colu mns , th circula arc e hes inters cting each other, extended horizon w w re i m tally over the hole facade, and e d vided fro lines o r each other by mouldings , variously adorne

~ U r o r we i e o f nder the fi st lo st ser s arches, th e billet ' the th e m ornament prevailed ; u nder second , e bat

‘ tle d d r r ~ un frette ; u n e the thi d , the nai l head and

‘ dei fo nrth - the , the zi g zag th e bases , shafts , capi ' a an d o f w b u e t ls most the arches , ere plain ; t som o f the last w i t and , ere d s ingu ished by the zig zag, ‘ a o o f whic l others had th e nail he d ornam ent, b th r t t f n decorated o her par s o this fro t . The entrance ‘ was u nder a recessed circular arch , supported b y fi Ve l a o n do o i p ain pill rs each side, and over the j ‘ ‘ and side ai sles mosaic patterns prevailed in thé ‘ ' O w s c ulptu re . n the centre o f thi s front a to er was afterwards constru cted i n the pointed style : it was '

o n u a w w . raised long and irreg l r shafts, a k ardly pro jec ting from the in side o f the original walls o f the n f an and ave, af ording i nadequate su pport, proving, b w y their constru ction , that the to er itself formed ’ o u i n part o f the Original b ild n g or design . The cen t w w was e w o , , al ral ind hich gr atly enlarged and , ' te red in f o f th in to the po ted orm , in the beginning e f V l was reign o H enry . divided horizontally into ' b s to ne was n th ree parts; y_ transoms ; and each agai d d e b six ivi ed perp ndi cularly, y mu llions, into lights; he » terminati ng above in trefoil arches . O ver t poin t f was w n ? b the arch , a h uman face, i th foliage expa d ' ‘ i ng o n eac h side in th e form o f wings ; this served ’ s o w as a corbel to a mall rnamented column , hich ’ r ose to the parapet o f the tower : on the sid es o f the w n w e c in u fo il w e fii ies i do , u nd r e arches ere g , a”s l as o f . an] B Canti u le : arge l ife , St and ishop p , to : w th f . Pe K E ards e north , and o S t ter and ing thel bert towards the south : u nd er the feet o f each a» quatrefoil wjas sculp tured over a trefoil arch ; and n b n u efo l e lon g and sle der shafts , su pporting i q i arch s, ‘ W di ents nd a s e w c - r ith pe m a pin n cle , nriched ith rock

a nae ro nns m nr .

‘ ‘ was b uilt b s o entrance o ri this front , y Bi hop Bo th ; ' ‘ ab u t the n o f l 6th , s o ; beginn i g the , century an d i ‘ r c lns te rs o f s mall s w h constrii cted with fou pillar , hic n one le adin support as many poi ted arches , g i nto th e n e cathedral , a d the other thre opening into th e w in church T he colu mns , hich are six feet e w f o f c a- height, ris t elve eet from the level their g to the erhwn o f an d p itals the arch , mak i ng it lofty r pointed . The capitals are plai n and ci cular, ‘ ae r d in divided i nto se veral lam i n . g a uall y decreasing t w thei r; ci rc umfere n ce from hat hich is u ppermost . ‘ T he three pr i n ci pal mouldings o f th e arch leadin into the church are curiously sc ulpture d ' with the w fi gu res o f men and an i mals . The roof, hich is l w r Vati ted ith stone, is divi ded by ribs into angula com partments , having quatrefoils, and oth er fol iage , t r h at their intersec ions . O n each side of the no t w w arch is an hexagonal turret, in h ich are indin g s v taircases , leading to a small chapel o er the porch , which proj ec ts before the m ore anc rent one o f the w w and cathedral , and hich is also vaulted ith stone, has ribs divergin g in three directions from each cor n e r ; those o n the sides forming the arch of their e w s mee tin in r specti ve alls, and tho e i n the m iddle g o r b w is w t e: i r a centre , hi ch adorned i h foliag sim la ' “ rib s also meet th e o rb at right angles fromthe o pa ‘ ’ ‘ t si s so nth' eas t o f n en fi o si e dé . A t the angle the a ci t ' ' " o c e m c a w r hav in awin k p r h ther is a s all cir ul r to e , g d i ' ' ‘ i n stairc ase w c the ar‘a e g , hich , rea h i ng above p p tf r m s a w s te minates in pedi ent , orn mented ith crocket ' ‘ o n the side s, and o f a : the heads anim ls on th e top Q

' the e ast w o f On an d est sides the great transe t, o f w m e s the s umm it h ich is e battled, and its si s t en s two treng h ed by massive buttre ses , are very l a nd n o w w ndo w o f e ofty arr i s , three l ights , und r “ o e arc hes with lsmal c sharp p i nt d , l ircular col um ns in w an d i l and mould gs , above hich are _corbels ; st l ’ r the w w e h ighe , on parapet to ards the est, is sculptur ed a ran ge o f t refoi l arches: O ri the e ast side are ‘ ‘ ” l ise t wo of ient r w w ikew the anc No man windo s, ith ' '

ro r o o nxp n rc at D asc arrr ro rz . circu lar arches ; together with another small and w g r c ircular to er, formed in th e an b le , and each ing above the roof of th e transept . Be tiyee n this and b B the lesser transept is a chapel , bu ilt y ishop Stan h nd bu ry, about the middle of the fifteent century , a w w w havi ng t o i ndo s u nder obtuse arches . T he arc hes of the windo ws o n the north and east sides o f the smaller transe pt are o f the same form : and o n the nor the r n su mmit o f t w this transep is a lo and plai n cross . o f w On the north side the chapel , hich is ded i ca L w n o w b ted to ou r ady , but h ich is used as a li rary , six w ws o f f are indo , the lancet orm , supported by l a t smal circular p illars , si mil r to those i n use at he w begi nning o f the thirteenth centu ry . Bet een these w in are circles excavated in the all , the centres of w z r h ich a e h u man faces , and o the devices ; abov e is s these a series of intersecting arches and colu m n , the capitals of which are adorned with foliage ; and

w . A a plai n parapet su rmounted th e hole porch , w o n vau lted and groined ith stone, p roj ects th is w w side, th e ou ter arch of hi ch is poi nted, ith a plain rou nd moulding ove r it ; the inner arch is l i ke w s m i e pointed , bu t it has the zi g zag orna ent ; the colu mns are plai n and circular , bu t th e capitals have some foliage on them : this porch leads to th e vaults u nder th e chapel ; the east end o f which has fi ve w w o n lancet indo s , those the sides gradually decli n ing i n height from that i n the c e utre ; bet ween each ' o n two u n de r tre fo il arc he s n d the sides , are nich es , a e above are sculptured lozenges, an d other ornam nts , i s r and sti ll h igher a s eries of poi nted trefoil a ches, “ w ith battlements above an d pi nnacles at th e angles . ‘ The windo ws o n the s o u th side are al s o o f the lancet ' b ut t e into two i form , h y are divided l ghts by a single mu llion above them is sculptured a range o r series o i t h fSaxon arches and pillars , n tersec in g eac other ; and ‘ still w h igher is a series of similar arches , bu t i th o u t ro e c ts s mall l columns , From this s ide p j a chape ,

“ built b Bishop A udley abou t the latter en d of the ’ s fi fteen t t It ms hr f a me cen ury . for t eep arts o n he ‘ rrn vo nsn rae . r 80 aa a go n ‘ ; e ach part contai ning two windows under the flat o r w was i d t . obtuse arch , h ich ntroduce about tha p eriod : th e u p per windows are divide d i n to s ix two r com partments, by m ullions and an o namented t a w w w and r nsom ; the lo er indo s are smaller, of r w more si mple const u ction . The parapet , h i ch is ro w o f small embattled , has a clustered pillars , sculp

t ure d t s u l . u nder i , and porting trefoi arches h o Fthe two A t the sou t end smaller transept are . l w w o f w n arge indo s , each hich is divided by m ullio s w i nto four principal lights , ith ci nquefoil arches, th e ter minatin in spaces above g a trefoi l i n th e centre, w w and another o n each side. The cast indo s con s o f arc he and si t each four lights , under trefoi l s on / w the s u mmit to ards the south is a small stone cross . The south end o f the g reat transept has o ne large w w o r w indo , u nder a flat obtuse arch , a second ‘ ith

u . i n a circular form above it, incl din g a trefoi l The w former is divided i nto six long narro lights , u nder

cinquefoil arches, and the head s i milarly divided o w i nt t elve parts , b ut the courses of the stone abou t it plainly shew this form to have b een an alteration l w w an d th o h from the origina indo , e same is also s ervable in a mo re pointed windo w towards the west ; th is side has likewise a smaller window u nder an b w o tuse arch , containing three principal lights , h ich sn b div ided b are y tran soms, e ach light terminating i l w w o n by a cinquefoil arch . The princ pa i ndo s f the south side o the nave are seven i n nu mber, hav i ng stron g proj ecting b uttre sse s b etwee n them ; they to o s h are similar th e on th e nort side, consi sting of f s ou r lights under trefoil arch e , the head having a w two it cinquefoi l i n the cen tre, ith trefoils u nder ;

above are corbels , representing roses, foliage, an d s w w heads of men and animals . The clere tory i ndo s , w h m o f n ew w o f h ic for part the ork the nave, are d i esigned to imitate the former, be ng also , u nder o in te d ar h c es w . 5. p , ith corbels above I ' T he w w great or central to er, hich has lost mu ch p f its primitive ” ro p q o nar n i c at DESC RI PT ION : hi in l was b t its origina state massive and em a tled , the ” 1Whole be ing richly studded over With the nail - head and ornament , farther distinguished by a round

e - a moulding , tri angular frett , zig zag, and other p o p r miate decorations in th e Saxon style . T he dis it w n t w c o m p os ion , ho ever, of these or amen s , ere i n ” form i ty to the pointed style ; wh ilst each side o f the t w two o f i n o er contai ned ranges l ights , fou r each

the lan c e t fo rm . s w h range , an d i n O n the pire ( hic has already been mentio ned as having stood u pon w l s t h is to er) being taken down during the ate repai r , a r w i mong othe alterati ons, the battlements ere ra sed h the‘ igher, and p innacles and crockets placed at f o r u angles ; and by lattenin g red cing to , an obtuse angle the roofs o f the nave and transepts , an effect f w o additi onal height was gi ven to the to er itself. T hough the forme r venerable appearance o f the i nterior o f this cathedral has been greatly destroyed l i s by recen t alterat ions , and by the remova of var ou

& c . it ma sepulchral monu m ents, painted glass , yet y is st il l be co n sidered as very interesti ng. T he nave se parated from th e aisles by a double ro w of massi ve w ‘ columns, h ich s ustain circu lar arches curiously

- d w n s o f - a ecorated ith mouldi g , zig zag, n il heads; l w w s and a s ozenges , inter oven t ig , other orn m ent ; m f exc e ost o the capitals are plai nly sculptured , t ’ w w those nearest to the choir, h ich dis play some

x o i . a h wh c h e ecu ted f l age T he rc , i adjoins the south o f w its s ide the choi r, has , ho ever been altered from i : i o f n e orig nal form , and str p ped its orname ts ; thos a i ches also nearest the west door have been rebuilt a r o f w . i n a plai n m nne , si nce the fall the est end o f r e O ver the arches is a range arcades , u nde point d w i i l c o arches , h ch are s usta ned on smal clustered l u mn w e w h s . The hole roof is vaulted and joi n d i t s stone, and divid ed by rib into com partments of v f w arious forms , most o them bei ng adorned ith ‘ h uman heads an d foliage . T he entrance into th e ’ south end o f the great transept is under a lo w a nd h o t e p oi nted arc , whi ch formerly reached almost t h 82 ii an ar o n ns n rnc .

n w u . ceili g, but hich has b een partly filled p Ove r is o w t the door a n iche . and pedestal, and s me ha l w is . o er, on each si de, a smaller pedestal

T he S t. north end of the great transept, called ’ n o w Cathari ne s Aisl e, is used as the parochial

o f . B . O n is ch urch St John the aptist . , the east it divided from a smaller aisle b y two arches o n smaller n o n clustered colu mns, h aving plai capitals the side w o f pi llars , ith a kind volute to those in the centre ; w these arches are ornamented ith ribbed mouldings , in various patterns . Above is a range of A rcades u nder trefoi l arches o f elegant workmanship : each arcade is divided by small colu mns , clustered and circular, into three open com partments, the head of e very arch being orname nted with th ree qu atrefoils u o w h in circles , and the mo ldings corres p nding it o f B w d n s those the arches . et een the outer moul i g of the several arches the wal l is well scul ptured in a M e in osai c pattern , r presenting four leaves expanded w each Square . The o pposite or west all is less deco : ho we e r a ted i t contai ns , v y handsome circular

w a ro w. o f z i arch , decorated ith double zag , restin g o n w P circular colu mns ith square capita 5. revious to the late alterations the wi ndows o f the nave were w f s ornamented i th the arms o various noble familie ,

& c . in pai nted glass . l S The nave is termi nated by a p ain creen , through w hich is the entrance to the choir, u nder a pointed

w - arch : above hi ch is a la rge and well toned organ , 3 n b le w s u p circular arch extending over it, hich p ports the west side of the tower : this arch i s deco

w - - T he r ated ith zig z ag and nail head ornaments . w l r 50 choi r is lofty and el p oportioned , and contains w stalls , ith ornamental canopies in the poi nted style w ai e o f these , though composed of ood , painted a an d ' n r h are stone colou r, u de t e seats carved various O n grotesqu e and lud icro us devi ces and figu res . o f w the sides the altar, above the oak ai nscoti ng, are i w h l i r ch open circular arches , it others stil h gher n o inted t i w has u i the p s y e. T he altar, hi ch a s m p ' — l O POG R A P IIICA L D ESCRI PTI O N . ' e a earanc e s tuons and legant pp , j approached by a o f fl ight seve n steps . In o r o n o f th the p assage aisle , th e north side e B choir, is the entrance to the chapel bu i lt by ishop ro o fo fwhic h v and Stanbur y , th e is aulted , adorned

‘ w c in u e fo ils and d ith scu lptured niches , q f other e v i ces: The walls are also ornamented with some well x o n and w e ecuted foliage, and th e north est sides like wise d e c o rate d w h o f the y are , i t shields, some

s e . them allusive to scriptural ubj cts , and others dis ' p laying the arm s o f the see and deanery o f Here ford , w w o f the s U nder the second indo outh aisle, is a w cu rious and very ancien t font , h i ch , says M r . was n D uncomb , rece tly brou gh t from another p art of the church : the diameter is nearly three f i thi kness eet, and the sides fou r inches n c , leaving a v acu ity su ffi ciently large for the immersion o f in;

u . fa ts O n the outside are represented, in relief, w i n the t elve apostles, n as many n iches, u nder Saxo a s tu d w t - rches , dde i h the nail head ornament, an d

w i . su pported on pillars ith foliated cap tals , and fu r

w l - ther ornamented ith the Spira band , zig zag, and other corresponding decorations . O ver the fi gures o f the a o stles ~ which 15 s p . are i nche in height , and ' m l d . u ch m uti ate , is a broad band encircling th e w in w h o f hole , marked relief it a series ornament, al resembling the letter T, ternately i n verted : the w o f o o hole is com mon stone, and supp rted n the

o f - backs four sea lion s . The Chapel of o u r Lad which forms the eastern o f ral is lno w the : term ination the Cath , used as Li b rar ta o f y, and con i ns a valuable collection books an d manuscri ts; mos t o f which relates to ecclesias tical history ; at o n e o f the greatest curiosities is a n t o f w w was ancien ma the orld, hich discovered u nder a pile o lu mber some years ago ; it is illu mil h w S ' the ff ated i th gilt axon letters , an d di erent

l ~ p aces appear to be marked by animals , ‘ but the full de sign can not be trac ed; the whole bein g 84 IIER BFOR DS HIR E . o e d fi d w s thickly cov red with irt . It is xe ithi n a a e h o frame, orn mented by foli g in t e p inted style, n and had origi nally shu tters i preserve i t from i nj ury . T he w w o f the . i ndo s i n this part bu ilding are i n th e l ancet form , and are separated from each other by r e recedi ng cl usters of small pillars , suppo ting poi nt d a i r w h rches , and r chly o name nt e d it foliage and s ingle leaves in open work o f great elegance an d l ightness . Mr was This chapel , says . Gough , probably w i n h . erected by the lady hose tom b is i ts nort w w was all hose husband, as appears by the arms , a

B a o f f . T he an oh u n , though not an E rl H ere ord ; cient pai nting under the arch shews the lady in a ’ .n l o n w he u n s vei as the tom b , ith a ch u rch i n r h to w and , pointi ng a chapel at its east end , hich she presen ts to the Virgi n o n her throne ; the secular u w p riests (of H ereford no do bt) are follo ing her. e fii ies o f w o n an ad The g the husband , h ich lie v w h j oining tomb , represen t him in close armou r, it t he hands clas ped o n th e breast - and a dog at h is

. him u feet O ver is a stone canopy , ri chly sc lptured i n the poi nted style ; and i n the front o f the canopy two o n e are human figures sitting, holding a globe n s d and a scroll , and the other wi th the ha d claspe as i n o r pray er. Beneath this chapel is a v ault, crypt, w o f hich , from its having been made a place depo s it for the h uman bones which were d istu rbed i n the r o f epairs of the cathedral , has late years acqu ired the G6! o t/z name of a.

' From this c apel is an entran ce i nto Bishop ' e w A u dl y s Chapel , hich has a vaulted roof, groined w s ith stone, and divided by small ribs i nto variou c om partments ; the grou nd o f wh i ch is pai nted

b and w . lue , the ribs red , ith gilt ed ges I n the cen tre orb is a representation o f the Virgin Mary, gilt, an d s urrou nded with a glory o f the same ; the others are w i decorated ith foliage, and various appropr ate

‘

o . c ree n whic h s s rnaments The Gothic s , eparate.

‘ “ t s c l t b and hi hape from he lr rary, is painted gilt, to

“ 86 H e nnro ansu rns .

‘ ' i o f w n n arches the alls , i n the passage o the east ' o f r altar ‘ mo n u me nts o f side the choi , are several ‘ w r e lfi ies bishops , ith thei g episcopally habited , w i sa s Mr . i ri h ch , y . Grose, from the si m la ty of taste w r i n hich they are executed , have gi ven ise to a n o tion that they were all se t u p at one ti me ; a mo ’ m r all ent s conside ation of the great expense , coming o ut o f w w im on e purse, ill i mmediately sh e the ro hability o f this suggestion i n all likelihood th e o rm o f the most an cient s erved as a model for those su c e e din fac es o f fi c g. The all the gu res have been shamefully m utilated . Most o f the buildings dependan t o n th e cathedral o n w also was are sit uated its south s ide , here formerly a - beauti ful octagon cha ter house, and a chapel , was o f very h igh antiqu ity . he former situated at s r i o f ho t d stance from the end th e great transept .

' It was elegantly constru cted ih the pointed style of was in architecture. The roof sustained the centre i ’ r w by a s ngle illar, finely o n amented ith figures

' vi e windo w w and other e c s. Beneath every as a ‘ n square compartment , co taining five niches , i n each

' o f w i h was W - fi ure as h c a ell painted g , large as li fe,

' r o u r Sav io ur s epresenting , the apostles ; and variou s i ; a nts , k ings . bishops, and other personages Th e demolition o f this stru c ture was commenced during the W when it was o fits Civil ars, stripped covering ' o f l w o f ead, to cover the gate ay the castle , in con ” se quence of whi ch it fell into ruins; and i ts remai ns

’ ' havelately bee n taken down by the c hapter o f Here~

“ w w n : the The an cien t chap el , hich stood bet ee s u o f ' o th side the b ishop s Cloisters and th e palace, was not i improbably antecedent to th e cathedral as . we was ll as to the episcopal palace . It bui lt enti rely ' o f o n t o o f whic h was ‘ st ne, o exceptin g the r y su p

' ported by fou r massive columns rising from » th e u w u wa gro nd, an d from hich arch es t rned every y ; ' ' a e the was a si uare terminatm ' bov roof 1 cu pola, py ' amidicall n 0 the r y. T he grou nd plan , independe t ’ r o p o e akp mc an n esc nrr r ro u . 87 and s ac e w r choir, the p occu pied by the est f on t, and its t f S deeply recessed por ico , formed a per ect quare

o f 40 . two o abou t feet It consisted of chap els, ne above th e other ; the 0 per o ne bein g dedicated to e r S t . Magdalen , and ha sev ral pilla s against the

w o f n . w alls, formed entire sto es T he lo er chapel , w was t was hich som e s eps u nder ground , dedicated

. T h l ws to St . Catherine e principa entrance a o n th e w r o r o f 1 est, u nder a reti ing arch , series arches, 6 o r 1 w e x tre mi 8 feet deep , at the ou t ard and inner t ies o f which were columns o f single stones 10 feet h igh . This i nterveni ng Specimen of the architecture o f ha w remote ages s been entirely taken do n , hav i n who g been returned, by those examined i t under

c n i , ommissio to nspect th e ancient chapel ‘ dur the B E and prelacy of ishop gerton , as ruinou s useless ; ‘ in c o ns f w w fo r its e qu e nc e o hich orders ere given _ “ d o was w w em lition , though it ell kno n (says Mr .

D 201. w uncomb) at the time , that less than ould have p u t it in to as good repair as it had been i n durin g 400 years indeed so strongly were the stone s c c

me n t o ne - o f ed together , that after third the chapel had w w o f was bee n taken do n , the ork destru ction fo r o n o f ex that time relinqu ished , accou nt the w w p ens e, hi ch had even then amou nted to u p ards

f 1. w t 5 It has , ho ever, si nce been en irely demo p131re01 ’ T he w Bishop s Cloisters . h ich are appropriated to th the pur poses of se pulture, an d disti ngu ished by e ’ o f o ur f name Lady s A rbour, orm a com m unication w and bet een the cathedral the palace, and inclose an area o f abou t 100 feet ; the arches of the wi ndows o b s tu se w w ar are , but the indo s themselves e diver sifi e d r fi o f E w by various ami cation s . I n the time d ard S w o s was the i xth , the est side f these cloister de

- o c stroy ed , and a grammar scho l ere ted on th e site ; b ut was this hav i n g become greatly decayed , taken w do n , abou t the year 1760 ; an d a large edifice o f f was bu ilt partly brick, and partly o stone, erect c d e ~ by subscription on the spot, u nder an en gag . ' H 9 83 n e a ar o nn smn r . a a o f a h l it ment , th t , in ddition to the uses sc oo , sh o uld be applied to the trien nial meetings of th e o f W three choirs H ereford , orcester, and Gloucester, r o f and to othe public occasions , i n consequence ‘ M which it has been termed th e usic Room. B ’ c w The isho p s pala e, hich is an ancient bu ildin g, is pleasantly situated at a l ittle distance from the banks of the Wye ; its ou tward appearan ce i s by no re o ssessin o f the a artme nts means p p g, though many p ‘ u w : w are are fitted p ith elegance the gardens , hich n to extensi ve , occu py a ge tle declivity contiguous the rive r. T he Deanery and Prebendal H ouses are si tuated nearly”O pposite the north - east angle and north side o f i the cathedral , bu t display noth n g remarkable. w h e’ The College, h ic is a venerabl pile of stone ‘ b ds a o f 100 u ild ing, surrou n a quadr ngle ab out feet,

s o f V - a and is appropriated to the use the icars chor l , ns and besides the apartmen ts for th e vicars , i t contai

- s a spacious common hall , a mall chapel , and a li b rar two w i n y, the latter are, ho ever, a state of di ‘ lapidati o n this college appears to have b een erected a o f bou t the time Bishop Stanbury , previous to ' wh i ch the V icars - choral had their residence in Castl e

S treet .

- v r 1 1 was The cathedral yard , pre ious to the yea 79 , f th e burial ground o r all the parishes in the city, and for many o f the adj acen t out - parishes ; si nce w w hich , ho ever, the city parishes have each provided distin ct places o f inte rment . T he present members of ' the cathedral of H ere f two six re ord are , a bishop , dean , archdeacons , ' side n trar i a y canons , i nclud ng the d ean , a lecturer, o f c a chancellor the diocese, a chancellor of the thed ral re su b - 28 , a t asu rer, a treasurer, a precentor, “ a r o f the p rebendaries , fi st an d second master gram mar- k 2 V r - i school , a chapter cler , 1 i ca s choral , be ng

c c ho . priests i n l uding a c ustos , an organist , seven ' ‘ r isté rs a v e r e r two : n , g , and sextons the dea and resi nt ‘ Ex t d e iary canons constitute the chapter. cep TO P GR A P H X C A L n e scn rr r ro rz . s O . g o f d o f St eight arisbes , which form part the iocese . ’ D s the i n o f avi , ep scopal j urisdictio H ereford ex tends over the whole cou nty ; i t also i ncludes a ver y n o f s s co siderable portion Sh rop h i re, fou r pari hes in f Mo n mo uthshire ’ i n R r , eight adnorshi e , si x . i n ' bl p nt o m r shire w - o n e in W o r c e st g e y , and t enty e r sll i r e .

' In the ju risdic tio n whic h p re v aile d in the city o f H D ereford (says Mr . uncomb) the bishops appear to have retained a more than com mon share o f th e

i . f c vil authority Nearly half o the city , together w d o f o ith a consi erable portion the suburbs , f rm a ' ’ district entitled the Bzs/zop s Fee withi n th is distri ct the bishops have enj oyed very considerable pri vi l eges, and on particular occasions, th eir authority has o f altogether superseded that the ci vil m agistrate, i by e xtending over the whole city . As lo rds o f th s fee s , they exercised the ancien t right denominated ' n an enc l /ze l an enetb from the Saxon , I f g fi and Uf g qf ; ' b y which they admin istered j usti ce with i n thei r li m ff to e its, and com mitted o enders the custody of th i r

O o w n o fli c e rs , o wn , w i n their ' peculiar prison hich w w as situated ithin the walls o f the episcopal palace . B 01201 C/zeamé o r T/zeame y , and , , they restrained and d v illains with the ir c hildre n j udged bon men and h , ,

’ S ac S ake goods, and ch attels ; and by and their, te n ants were exc used from the payment o f customary b urdens and imp os itions . They also held an an nual fair for the sale o f merchandize within their fee ; during its continuance their power extended to all p arts of the city ; the markets were transfer red from the usual places to that appointed b y the bishop ; and a porter was s worn at each of the city gates to o r u se b ailiff was collect the tolls f his . A annually w se r eant at- elected by a j ury , together i th a j mace,

- ale o c o n n s . leather searchers , and er they regulated

o f - n the assize bread and beer ; and courts baro , leet,

' i o udre w and p p ere held ; and presentme”nts , and t u e o her sual business , formally transacted . Som of these privileges are sai d to have been n 3 g n rrc n rzr o ansnm r . Q in a ch arter as early as the time o f Edward the Co n

fe sso r. I n consequence of these extensive privileges p o s ‘ w in sessed by th e epis copal see, there ere former ages frequ ent disputes between the ‘ bishops and the i nh abitants o f the city ; but which generally te nate d in o f the triu mp h the church , and the sub o f m ission the people . A t present , though the ' held “ b ishop s courts are still , the business tran sac te d consists o f little more than the formality o f w ff s earing i n a j ury, electing a baili and serj eant , and presenting and ame rcing all who o we s u it and ' a service, and havin g been su mmoned do not p

. o fiic e s o f - pear The porters , leather searchers , and

- n d ale tasters , have lon g bee iscontinued . The ori

- ginal charter of th e above mentioned fair was grant . ‘ 1 1 8 ed by H enry the First, abou t the year 9, i n

E . com memoration of St . thelbert I t i s still conti h w t o f f a d ued , i h many its ormalities , n from the its w length of duration , h ich inclu des the eve and w E the hole octave of St . th elbert, has obtained ’ name of the Nine - day s Fai r ; and during this p e ’ r io d f , the bishop s bailif , according to the ancient custom; acts as civil magistrate ; and o n the Sun e attends the cathedral and palac ,

t o c ers . ea er, and other fi in procession t o f s ann ually proclaimed o n the l g h May,

o f E . eve f the feast o St . thelbert C l W the cathedral, previous to the ivi ars ,

contai ned five disti nct chu rches, viz . St . ’ ’ S St . All Saints, t . Nicholas , Martin s, and ’ n s : the two latter were destroyed during

6 a 4 o f S t. in the ye r 16 5 , and the ch urch B w n an e aptist , ap pears al ays to have bee

appendage to the cathedral . ’ St . Peter s Ch urch was founded soon after the m YValter who at Nor an Conqu est, by de Lacy, ' e l d who tend d the Conqueror to Eng an , and had ' v asio us manors and lands i n th is cou nty assigned to i ' ' ' ’ him ' f fte r the c o m le as a reward o r his se rvi ces . A p h r o p o c n xP rc at, nrsc n t p rro n. 9 } ‘ n th c hu rc h 10 was tio of e , abou t the year 85 , he ao ‘ l c ide nta ly k illed by falling from the battlements, w t wo r i n h ile i ns pec ing the ks . the year 1 101 this w h n s was church . it all its appurte an ce , given by W H de L o f to a . u gh acy , son alter, the bbey of S t ’ P w d a o eter s , at Gloucester, by hi ch on tion a religi u s f w ho raternity, h ich had been i nsti tu ted h ere, in n o f G uthlac f u n ou r St . , became subj ect to that o da w s a B . t ion , and removed i nto ye Street su burb P n o o reviou s to the Dissolution , less than f ur cha n o ne o f tries had been fou nded i n this church them , n o w was a the vestry, originally open to th e ch ncel o n o f w su each side hich are seven an cient stalls , p ‘ p osed to have been des igned for the use of the bro ’ th G uthl c s P ers of St . a riory ; these stalls are ver y

in to an nels & c . elegantly carved p , quatrefoils, an d

- w have light an d beautiful canopies of fret ork . The nave is separated fro m the aisles by octagon colu m ns o n and o n . In the south side, by pillars th e north was the year 1793 this church repaired , and partly

o f i . rebuilt, at the expense the par shioners A fter o f w the dissolution , the great tythes th is ch urch ere

' annexed to the see of H ereford , and i n the time of ’

IL St. w was to Charles , the rectory of O en s u nited b u t o f nd e this church , the right i ividual patronag was reserved . pS ’ r o f ] l aint s Chu ch consists a nave , chance , an d w w and side aisles, ith a to er risin g from the ground ,

' terminating in a loft spire ; o n the north side th e w yas e c o nsiderab l b u t sus to er overhangs its yh it is taine d in its present situation by two ne w bu ttresses . The nave is separated from the aisles by circu lar co . l u mns w is , sustai n ing pointed arches ; the roof, hich o f timber, has ancient proj ectin g ange l brackets , i ann els o f flo w p erced p , and pendants foliage and ’ s u en ers . H ere are several stalls, posed to have be to appropriated the brethren o the hospital of St . w was A nthony , i n Vienna , to hom this ch u rch II who m given by H enry I , an d appear to have for ed a m as s all society here to superin tend the ir property , - 2 3 12 92 H e nr i 011 135 51 1 . w w o f t earl y as the 22nd of Ed ard I . The elbo s he stalls exh ibit grotesqu e carvings of m en and animals and the lower pa rts of the seats are likewise filled with whimsical representations ; the canopies are l ' o w ight and elegant , being beauti fully rnamented ith

- w o f . d r fret ork quatrefoils, roses, and fol iage Un e w o f the est end this edifice, and conti guous to it, are a s rt several subterraneous p s ages , and vaulted apa : ’ ‘ ' n h St. P we re fo u ments . I this churc as at eter s , r o f w w r chantries, the collecti ve revenu es hich e e , at

o f i u 01. the time their d ssol tion , estimated at 2 Is.

n . per an n u m . ’ St M w no w e . arti n s , hich i s annex d to the parish o f S t was A ll ai n s, originally the mother ch urch , as appears by a valuation made in the time of Ed wa rd ' w is i the Fi rst, i n hich A ll Saints distingu shed as the c hapeL ’ S t. h w l e Nicholas Ch urc , hich is a smal edific , c f consists of a nave . north aisle , and hancel ; this a b rie l i in , though recent y repaired, is st ll a state of d and l ecay , the chance has the s i ngular appearance o f two w w l falling ays, the north and south a ls both n w we tw leani g . out ards . H ere re formerly o chan . w h w ' tri es in honour of the Virgin Mary, hi c ere e n

d w w h 1. 5 o ed it lands to th e amou nt of 9 1 1 . 4§d. per

annum , '

B o f i w . esides the above places div ne orsh i p, H ere ford contai ns a meeti ng- house for each o f the fo l l w i o f i o ing denom i nat ons sectaries , Methodists, D s s R enters, oman Catholics , an d Quakers . ' s i S e v e ral . mo naste rie and relig ous houses existed i n th is city and its s uburbs prev ious to the reforma ' o f n o w w an d tion , but most them are do n , the sites

T h . occupied by oth e r b uildings . e oldest fo u nda was tion , independent of the cathedral , a commu nity o f P r s in o o f . G u thlac ebendarie hon u r St , and w s was n ho e chapel , says Leland . o ce a fayre build ’ o f w i ng a circular forme . These prebendaries ere w r o f . P afte ards translated to the ch urch St eter, w e - e Ah , hich being given, as b fore m ntioned, to the

94 Irannr o an sn rne . thro u hdt a d th g , appears above i n a m u til te state ; e ' ar and e ach r u pper p t is embattled , angle suppo ted

. a w by a buttress A l rge alder, hi ch havi ng forced ' i ts way ih four stems through the j oints o f the steps ; o ne o f w o an and its branches t i ni ng r und the pillar, u t o f a s passing o through an arch the hexagon , dd greatly to the picturesque effect o f this beautiful re ’ o f s mai n o f antiquity. The south side th e prior ‘ l d r o gings is tole ably entire, being sustained by th ree two w w b uttresses . In the basement are oblong indo s , each o f which is div i ded by two pillars into th ree s th compartments , having ci nquefoil arche , and at e

- w w w o sou th est corner is a circular to er . The all n w w the north side , hich is mantled ith i vy , is sup

ported by buttresses, b ut i s m uch dilapidated .

' Near the rive r an d W e. , , not far distant from y B was o f ridge, a house Grey Friars , fou nded by Sir W i Pe mb ru e m o f E w . lliam gg , the time d ard I and d G uthlac o f edicated to St . . No vestiges the Friary b uildi ngs are n o w standing ; the last remains appear to have been pulled down ab o u t the la tter end o f the se ve ntee th o f century, an d on the site a manufactory

glo ves is established .

Besides . the above religious foundations there w i n c it o f w ere several others thi s y, hich not any a i r b w nteresting particula s have een handed do n . o f A mong the charitable establish ments , those the ’ most anci en t date are St. Giles H ospital and St . ' E lrn s w thelbert s A Houses ; the former, hich is si ’ tuate d w w was ithout St. O en s Gate , originally f 1 2 0 G rise Sa ounded , i n the year 9 for Fri ars y or v i n ia M w g m onks , b ut after ards became the prop ' o f the Knights Tem plars ; on bei ng seiz ed b y w was S cro n , i t given by Richard the econd to th is city, and ap p ropriated to the pu rpose of an Alms e in whic h o rted h hous , , five poor men are sup , eac

w 41. 105 . being allo ed monthly, and c othes every: ’ w r r. In 1 0 ho s ital as re th i d yea the year 77 , th is p is bu ilt by volu ntary‘ subscripti on to each residence a o piece of garden gr p nd attached . V TOPOG R A PH X CA L D E SCR I PTION . 99 ’ ' St: Ethelber t s Alms - House was erected 1 11 th e l n reign o f H enry I l . principally by indulge ces an d r x o f w w a ela ations penances , h i ch ere r nted by the

' Bisho s o f Salisgu r El p H ereford , Coventry, y, and y, ' o who w t those contribu ted to ards i t. The means o f D support, (says Mr . uncomb] m us t have been v ery considerable at one period , as it appears , by t he o f aims w distr statu tes the H osp ital , that ere i b 100 ns u bi c entum uanti ze r e uted daily to perso , q ’ ” e c to e i o f f r f u zsse; r grmus . Possibly a port on the o fferings mad e by those who visited the tomb o f E was T thelbert, appropriated to th is purpose . he r 65 l even ues at present amount only to . per annum , w hich are applied to the maintenan ce o f ten poor m tt w om Eme , each of h has an apartment and a gar en . A short distance sou th - east from the ' ruins o f th e a i M t a Bl ck Fr ars onastery is Coni ngsby H osp i al , , c a 16 l 4 ‘ b y h ritable foundation , began in the year

“ sh Kn t o n l Sir Thomas Conin g y, . the site of a smal ‘ anc i ntl b e lo n in to K hospital, e y g g the nights H ospi ' tallers ' m i o . Je rus e f St Joh n o f al . This hosp tal is endowed with estates in Leicestershire for the recep. " ‘ ' ' tio n of tw'o ‘ in so c ie t most valuable characters y, w - l the orn ou t soldier, an d th e s uperannuated faithfu ser a ; o 10 v nt It c nsists of a corporal , chaplain , and s r o s who e vit rs ; the corporal o r pre ident, collects th w e e & . 1. r nts , C has 20 per annum , and i s allo ed to m ; a. arry ; and each of the servitors l l . l s é l monthly . V r o f w a u rte nan The ica age Bodenham , ith all its p p ' ‘ ’ ’ c es was the will , directed, by a codicil in of the fou n “ d e r to i : T he ad , be g ven to the successive chaplains

' j oi ning r u rns o f the Black Friars su pplied the mate ' r w i - was ials for th is edifice , h ch constru cted i n th e f ’ ‘ m w orm of aquadrangle , and co prised t elve apart me “ u e s nts , a and s itable conv nience ;

v - ih ho s ital are twd o er the door, the centre of the p g s ' l w mall Ion ic pillars, inclosin g a tab et , ith the Co ’ r " n rngsb y arms : the fro nt f o f the chapel terminates with two arches} o ver‘ which is the shaft' o f a n 9 6 n r n ar o n sn r ae . t he inside is qu ite plai n a piece o fgarden is attached

to each d welling . s Alms ~ Ho uses fo Several other H ospital an d , both w me n and omen , are distri buted through th is city and its subu rbs an d va rious tablets of donations fo r o f i n th e support the poor, are also h ung u p the di f. fe re nt chu rches . w h i s a The General Infirmary , h ic p le san tly situa

r - ted near the i ver, a short distance south east from W was the Castle al ks , first opened for the reception

o n Q th o f M 1 6 . o o f patien ts , the fi arch , 77 Th e rt w i nal promoter o f this institution as the late Re v . w fDr. o f H ele ns ic k o n Talbot , rector ; the grou nd w s was E o f C x which i t a built given by the late arl , ford ; and the expense o f the building itself was

defrayed by a very ample subscription , ch iefly raised among the no bility and gentry of the county ; the o annual subscriptions , for defraying the expenses f

400l. fi the Institution , amoun t to about In this edi ce o r w c n are accom modations f 70 persons , ith every o t v e n ie nc e for attendants and nu rses . It con tinues o b ab l , w su sc ri be y conducted and ell supported . by p

tions and beques ts . The Lu natic A sylu m is si tuated o n th e north- east o f l n fi rm r was e n th e a y, and erect d for the receptio o f 20 patients afflicted with insanity : this als o was instituted by subscri ption bu t is no w converted i s e nto a pri vate re ce ptacle for lunatic , un der v ry j udicious and skilful su p erinte n danc e. T he edu cation o f the o u thful p o o r is ro v ided fo r b 01 w y a Charity School , cal ed the Blu e Sc , hich is o b n partly su pported b y v luntary contri ution s, a d p artly by the revenues arising from donations and l egacies ; i n th is sch o ol 5 0 boys and 30 girls receive i a d nstruction and clothing, n smal l su ms are given to provide many of them with a prenticeship s. o n BelPs s o There are al so Schools Dr. sy tem, f r

b w . oys and girls , hich are well su pported The n ew l w o t Cou nty H al , hi c h stands n the si e f rmerl o c a - o y cupied by the C o unty G ol, and 501119

9 8 n e aer o nn s n rnn . 8 l o ne r 4 ; at present it consists of on y floo , support ” ed o n three ranges o f pillars ; b u t i n its o rigi nal

M r. D s tate (says u ncomb) i t had a second floor, d i vid e d into apartments for the accommodation o f i o f the fourteen trad n g compan ies the c i ty, v iz .

- bakers, barbers and barber su rgeons, blacksm iths , ‘ wa braziers, butchers, Clothiers, coopers, cord i ners,

rs w d glovers , j oiners , mercers, tanners , ti le , and ea Th is floor was removed some ti me si nce from S moti ves of safety . Under the h ire Hall th e m arkets fo r n a grai n are held , and ear i t a m rket for vegeta

bles . This edifice is su pposed to have been erected

f . b i n the rei gn o James I y John Abel, the ex pert c arpenter who constru cted the m i lls o n wh ich the s afety o f the ci ty so m uch depended du ring the sie g e i n the year 1645 o ld e o n Near the Shir Hall , the north side, are the hhlic m 18 1 the o f p arkets , erected i n 5 , for sale ’

a & c . c . o n pou ltry, butcher s me t, fish , & m t arket days, and are excellen l y adapted for the ' u w p rpos es for hich they we re erected . The mar ‘ kets are well Su pplied with th e fines t p o ul try and m r . A d eat, and the prices a e generally reasonable VVide j oini ng to the markets , at the entrance from m S are C i S arsh treet , the Guild Hall , and ty essions r w o f oom , here the busi ness the city is transacted , an d also the H ereford Saving Bank . T he w County Gaol , hich , as before mentioned, '

o cc u ie s the o f P o f . G u thlac was p site the riory S t , m l e u co p et d i n the year 1797, nder the Su peri ntend

‘

n o f . N . i t ance and from the desi g s Mr . J ash is i within a i w i n closed h igh br ck all , hav ng a handsom e ' ‘ ’ s w w r ru ticated gate ay . ith Tuscan pilla s ; the keeper s s n apartm ents hav e al o a rustic fron t and pedi me t. T he is w ll prison very extensive and e managed ,

hav in a o f w - sh0 g house correction , ork p, inspection ’ '

r tnfi rmar l &c . gom , y, chape , debtor s rooms, together w h S ’ o f i t fou r c o u rt and gardens . The ex pense e fi w i h recting this edi ce , h c is clean and Well regu ’ ’ ' 1até d - , amo u n ted to upwards o f a K i r m n . De sc nrr r r TOPOC e o n . The o ne City Gaol formerly composed , side of t r w n w tw Bye Street ga e, ove hich , in ich es , ere o o f hu man rude re p resentations figu res chained . This a k o f c o n s ide rab le an ti uit prison bears m r s q y, and t o n e con ains small cell , and three very h igh a part m w w n w i n a ents, ith a i do e ch ; by the interpositio n

. w Of Mr Nield , a dun geon , beneath th is prison , h ich w as fo r o f formerly used the purpose confinement, ~

a . has been con verted into cellar It has latterly,

been greatly improved .

a is . S The permanent Libr ry i n St Joh n treet, and contains an excellen t and constantly i ncreasi ng ”

i . e u collect on o f books The subscrib rs are n umero s, w and the e stablishment is ell su pported . Near th e

li brary, is a bill iard room , open to subscribers to i t

and their friends . The Wye Bridge is su pposed to have been c o n stru cte d abou t the end of the 15 th century ; i t con o f o ne o f w c was s ists s i x arches , hi h rebu ilt after th e 4 n siege i n the year 16 5 , the former one hav i ng bee o destroyed to preven t the approach f the Scots . By

o f s , he i ht o fthe the construction thi arch the g ‘ bridge was n whic h has it 1 1' co siderably reduced, , given an regular appearance. 5 mo A ng other am usements , such as con certs, as se mb o lies & c . o f wh , , a company players , are aecom mo d ate d w B ith a neat l i ttle theatre i n the road Street, furn ish entertainment for the i nhabitants every other w w t h W . e inter In a plai n , k no n by name of ide m e o n w are arsh , is a hors course, h ich races usually ru n i n the m onth of A u gust ; these are succeeded in in by balls the evening . Once three years, in the m o f S is n o f onth eptember, held a meeti g the three o f W o choirs orcester, H ereford , and Gl u cester, at w o f hich ti me, oratorios , and other pieces sacred m f o f w w usic, are per ormed , for the benefit the ido s and orphans of the i nferior clergy, by the gentlemen of the three choirs , assisted by some of the principal e t perform rs from Oxford and London . O n he o f — a at tl e mus ic evenin g e ch day there is a concert r Q r 2 i ae r r a o n nsn ra e . room ; thi s is repeated durin g the course o f thre e days . Some years ago there was carried o n a consider: able man ufactory of glo ri es at this plac e ; b u t it is at o n i r o f present the decl ne ; la ge quanti ties cider, d w grain , and oak bark , are con veye do n the river to o f sa Bristol , and other places ; and by m eans the m e the w mth n av i gation , city is su pplied ith coals fro e

Forest o f Dean . The we e kly o markets are o n Wednesdays and

& c. o n Saturdays , for poultry, b utter, eggs, ; and e : Friday , for l i v stock also a great market on St . '

w & c . rs fi t A ndre s day, for cattle, horses , Fai , rs Tuesday after February 2 ; Wednesday in Easter w 1 20. rt eek , July , and October A t this last , a co

’ ‘ s iderab le qu an t i ty o f salted butter is b ro t ht from t he adj acen t counties o f Wales . H ereford gives the title o f Viscount to the family o f D x o f w was in the evereu , the creation h ich title w lt w reign o f Ed ard VI . sends t o memb ers to par liamen t d in , the first return bei ng ma e the reign T h o f Edward I . e ri ght of election i s v ested in the w n umb e r i t freemen only, hose s su pposed to amo u n to abou t 1200. The fi rst reg ular gran t of privileges to the inhabi t n o f e n a ts H er ford , as an i corporated body, appears to have been i n th e t ime Of Henry “L ; these were c in h onfirmed , and occasional ly enlarged , the eight o f Edward l l and the first and fifth of E d ward

l I. w and the seventh o f Richard , hen th e n o f i ff w had e ame ba li , hich been befor given to the ‘ was t t o f : chief magistrate, changed to ha mayor th is charter was further confirmed b y s ucceedi ng

n i o fJame s l . who n w pri ces to the t me , , in a e char ' o f ter, consolidat e d th e privileges the i nhabitants, and ordained‘ that th e corporation should thence f o f m e and orth consist a ayor, six alderm n , com mo n s w council , havi ng a chi ef te ard , a com mon c a ro tho no tar w d- a lerk , p y, a s or be rer, and fou r ser eants C i o f g at mace ; the . ommon cou ncil to cons st

102 a nae r o nnsn rns . twe n t and saved be e hat city Cheltenham . The res w solu tions of the meeting ere agreed to . M any persons o fc o n siderab le em inence and cele b rity have been born in this city ; among those who h E w ave been most distinguished are leanor G y n n , o r was as she more familiarly denominated , Nell

w Es . G yn n , an d David Garrick , q T he former was b o rn w P e i n an hu mble d elling in ip Lane , but b e. o f w coming an inhabitant th e metropol is . she as en in gaged i n the service of a fruiterer, and that pro fessio n in b F first appeared the lob y of a theatre . rom o f the sprightliness her temper, and the affection of was the manager, she introdu ced u pon the stage, and qu i ckly became a general favourite, and soo n attracted the noti ce o f Charles II. who was so m uch i nterested by her vivacity and h um ou r, that he made

o f . w her a partner his bed She d id not , ho ever, i m mediately quit the theatre , bu t still contin ued to display her talents i n the sprigh tly effusions o f the

i . 1 0 was com c m use Abou t the year 67 , sh e deliver ed ’ o f who was w D a son , after ards created u ke of St . ’ he r rand so n the o r o f Alban s and l g attained h nou s

ha v . prelacy, and became the proprietor of t t ery epis C O l w c d pa palace, hi h almost a j oined the hu mble cot w ew here h is maternal ancestor first , dr her breath , w In the h igh sphere i n h ich sh e was placed s he dis . d i at r playe great l berality, and that pe iod , her situa ’ tio n n o t i d . i , being cons dere i n the least d sgraceful, she o btained a considerable degree o f popu lar ap robation ; . and even to the pres ent day her memory pas been cherished with a mu ch greater portion o f ’ gene ral esteem than is usually obtained hy the m is tresses of p ro fligate monarchs bu t her errors have b een eclipsed by her mu nifi c e n c e ; and her gene r o s ity i n promoting th e establishment o f Chels ea i f H os p tal, will preserve the remem bran ce o her n ame to the latest ages ; even the idea o f that ad m o ri irable institution is traditionally said to have - , inate d w he r g i th her . She died i n the year 169 1, at h o P use in all Mall . T RA H De sc n re rto n OPOG P IC A L . i 03 d o f t o vie rs Davi Garrick, an actor inim i able p , w as n Wide ma sh born at the A gel Inn , in r Street, in

. who w the year 1 7 17 H is father, as a French re ’ ’ fu e e g , at that ti me held a lieu tenant s com mission in a regim ent o f horse then quartered in this cit b ut the place o f his general residence bein g at Li te field; m w young Garrick and his other ere removed there, as soon as the latter had recovered her health . H is w h was education , hic l iberal , though principally i r ws ntended to fit him for mercantile pu su its , a part l Litc hfi eld - y obtained at the Grammar school , and

u o f . w p artly nder th e tuition Dr Joh nson , ho at a s ubsequen t period accompanied his pu pil to Len d n o f . r i , i n search o employment Gar ick, hav ng p re v iously been an assistant i n the wine trade to h rs u who was L n e n cle, a isbo merchant, mbarked in the same busi ness with his brother i n the me trO po l is a , but having early imbibed a passion for the st ge , h e was at length indu ced to e n gage in the theatri c al 1 4 1 h profession , an d in the summer of 7 , he made is fi w n u rst pu blic appearance, at the Ips ich Theatre, d er o f L ddal r th e assu med name y , i n the characte f o i o ko . His was Aboan , n O ro o n success so great, ‘ that it determ ined h im at onc e to make the stage h is ultimate pu rsuit ; and in the December fo llo win r f he appea ed at London , at the theatre i n Goo ’ m i o f R : an s F elds , in the character ichard the Th ird In h x this character b e displayed su c e cellence, and in m 24th the seeing a you ng man , no ore than h is

- n re ac hin at o n e year, and a ovice to the stage, g s i ngle step to that height of perfection wh i ch ma turity o f years and long practical experi ence not been able to besto w o n the the n cap i tal per E s was n formers o f the ngli h stage , a phenomeno wh ich c ould not but become the obj ect o f u niversal

‘ in h is admi ration ; even a sister cou ntry , talents o s a w r ved no les attr cti ve, and s uch cro ds attended is n ' at D n h performa ces .the ubl i theatre, t at th e i wi o f!' w a confined ai r, comb ning th the heat the e he a fe er w to man t r, produ ced v , hich proved fatal y p ' 104 n e ae r o n ns n rn s . ’ an d was distinguished by the name of G arric k s Fe re tirrn was from Ireland, he engaged at w the 4 he Drury Lane Theatre , of h ich , in year 17 7 , w b e c ame jo in t pat entee ith Mr. Lacy and opened w w it i n the ensuing inter u nder his o n management . 'H is exertions were accompanied with every degr ee o f o f t 5 4 w success , till the season 7 , hen the enmity o f public prej udice having been excited b y ' his en ' gaging a nu mber of forei gners to fill up the parts in i v arious dances and balls, Wh ch he had proj e cted to int roduce ; bu t being aware o f the inte nded 0 p i ' dsitio n o f n p , he obtained a kind sanctio for the per b r uc e the r e w was t t ma of fi st pi ce , h ich enti led th e " i l o w s Ch i nese Fest va , fr m the king, by ho e com

‘ it’was o nc e la w t mand p ye d, i hout any particular d is tu rb anc e b u t on the second nigh t o f i ts representa ~ m tion , the cla our i ncreased to riot, and the interior

w - o f as a , the theatre “ rendered com plete rui n the s s benches being torn u p, the lustre and gi randole n ro te c broke , and the scenery destroyed ; and the p tion of the soldi ery was necessary to p re serv e rhe

. In it house from demoli tion consequence of th is , w w i be c ame necessary to ithdra the p ece, an d pro e r x i d p e planat ons having been publishe , the tu mult subsi ded , and Garrick again became the general

hi ~ favourite . In the year 1768 s health bei ng im de n p aired , h e ma the tou r of Fra ce and Italy, and o n his retu r n introduced several considerable im me n ts p ro v e in the modes of conducting . the business

. In 6 r n 1 fi rmi. o f the stage the year 77 , his inc easi ng j

‘ t w his ro . ies, ho ever, co mpelled him to abandon p f s o n re tire men t was e s i as an actor, and his universal ly lamented among the adm irers of the drama : his l a was r D in st performance the cha acter of o n Felix ,

W - \ . In an uar same e r the onder J y , in the y a , he sold

e to ate R . B. his moi ty of the theatre th e l . Sheri

Es . two n s fe r 5 0001. dan , q and other perso , 3 , H e ' d‘ie d ‘ n o f n e in o o 1 . the Q tb Ja uary, 779, at his hous the l an f f s l Ade phi , after a fl icting illness . o evera

‘ ears and was Wetsminster b w re y , . buried i n A bey, he

10d H e nr n o nns m ae . ‘ ‘ o h e n t o Mr. Dib din w l nly aided , in his ork ca led The

B e - S b u t alsO c y tander, ontrib uted som e o f tho se p o p ular produ ctions which are so happily calculated to d i o f o u r . exci te the ar n g gallant tars O f these,

w ~ w w r M P th e ”ell k no n o ds of y Poll and my artn e r Jo e w w Mr . H , ere ritten by avard ; and it is s aid that co pies of that ballad were s o ld within a v ery short peri od after i ts publicati o n .

' ' u e r we ro c ee d O leaving H refo d , p i n a sou therly i d ce o f r d rection , and at the istan fou m iles , pass th l v l o f w two il s rough the smal i l age Callo , m e to

the o - o f w n o f s u th east hich , o the summ it a bold

and extensive em i nence , called A conbury H ill , w o w w h i ch is partly c vered ith young ood, and com mands a most del i ghtful view over the adj acen t o f country, are the traces of a large cam p, a sq uare w form , the ram part on the eas t side of hich is very s co n picuous . A c o n n u n r i t o n e A t the village of , s tuated abou m th was a n o f o f S t ile to e east , n u n ery the order . “ ' e w the time o f A ugustin , fou nded and endo ed in , K w W i ng John , by Margery , ife of alter de Lacy ; i ts e o f o w revenu s, at the ti me the diss lution; ere e stimat t s. 5 d . er m. i s ed a 75 1. 7 p an nu Th s e tate is ' ’ no w the r o f b e e n p opert y Guy s Hospital , having w W p urchased i th ilton Castle , and other estates i n c C d u this ou nty, belonging to the Lords handos, r T o f ing the last centu ry . he remains the nu nnery h - ave been fitted u p as a farm house . a v ' i w A t the d istance of bout fi e m les from Callo , o n o u r w the left of road , is Hare ood , the ancient r s n o w e idence o f the H oskyns fam ily , and the resi w o f H B . dence Sir . H oskyns, art The mansion , h ich ‘ w w struc is s ituated i n a park ell ooded , is a plain

b e n re ~ ture, and has e m u ch improved , and partly w built by the present o ner. About o ne m ile‘ and a hal f to the sou th o f Hare w o o f Hé n - a o o d is the village ll n , c mmonly called ‘ ' ' ‘ H s Nr m N n w Iavlo r his , hich observes, i n history o f e the Old C/mr e/z in gavel kind , sign ifi s , and TO POGR AP H IC A I; ne sc are r ro rv. 10? e r at c rtain pastures belonging to a fa m i n th parish , there is a place wh ich to this day is called Llan frawtwr w i C r o r , h ch is as m u ch as to say, the hu ch Co n vent o f th e Brethren ; the site whereof was u s no t ~ pon a mall h ill , half a mile distant from H en t l o f w w o ld fo u nd and ; the ruins h ich place , ith i ts a n to an d was d tio s, are yet be seen , a place edicated to holy us e : there it was that the great college for o ne was d . Du b ric iu s hu ndred students foun ed by St , r e r the p i n ce o f th is r egion , (to r pel the prog ess o f P a b who f elagi n eresie) , su cceeded his grand athe r Pib an us K o f E o ld o f Urc he , ing rgin , the name n d o f K w s fi el , and i n th e days i ng Arthur a made A o f . . A r rchbishop Caerleon particular seasons, the fou ndation o f extensive bu ildi ngs m ay still be t raced on the su m mit o f an e m inen ce r i si ng from w o f W e all the t a the estern ban k the y ; ‘ ma eri ls , h w a w o ever, th t ere above grou nd , have been used i n

o w & c . the constru ction f alls , A short distance to the south - west o f H e ntlan d a a l G eer Co is an ncient squ re cam p , cal ed pp , and

two - o n i is an abou t m iles to the north e ast, a h ll , o b ut l a C o r C ther sm a ler camp, c lled aradoc, radock. w o f h ich is also the name a seat here, belongi ng to

- w . m n is the Digby fam ily The a or house, hich a. r i d o n a n vene able bu lding, is pl easantly situate b a k W e risi ng above the y . A considerable d i stri ct in this part o f th e county w as forme rly comprehended by the name o f l rchen ‘

d o f w . C o h l d o fel , hich M r u g says , a earn e auth r a r w ~ ffi ms , that he has seen a record, herein the inha b itants o f d “ w this istrict , are left, as i t ere, to thei r o wn b e e xtr a c omital u m liberty, and to that is , not ' w bou nd up to any strictness by the cou ntry la s ; lastly, the tenure whereby the y hold thei r lands is gave l 1k d w in , h ich is a partiti on amon g all female ch ildren w ff so n , that ith this di eren ce only to th e eldest ‘ cer a n h t i principals as t ey call them , pass to him as hei r lO OIIl S and no t s ub e c t i , , are j to part tion ; such as, the he r h b st best beast, t best bed and furnitu e, t e e tabl e, ' i 08 ii z n nr o n n sm aef & c w t d c usr . hich enu re, and those other enu merate m to s, they do for the most part still retai n as derived o t a No r t them rom great ntiqu i ty , even before th e man Conqu est ; fo r they are recorded to have been ' ' ’ ' C o nsuetudznes Wal enszumtemp ur a rcg zs E dwardz Cone f ' esso r zs. These customs were as follo w : if any stole from W o r w o x o r c o w he th e elch , man oman , horse, , , was o n o s an , c nvi ction , to restore the thing tolen , d '

205 o r o fmam ulz i . . forfeit . bu t for a shee p , bu ndle p t e ’ s W o ne clothes) , 2 . hoever k illed of the king s men , was 2o s and fled , to forfei t to the ki ng . for the m u r

e r 0 3 . : d , and 1 0 forfei t if the man belonged to a thane, ’ w 0s the forfeit to the man s maste r as to be 1 . If o n e W o f elchman killed another, the relations th e w a d o deceased ere to meet , n plu nder the goods f r the m urderer and h is relations , and bu rn thei ho rrses was o f , till the body bu ried abou t noon the following day : the king was to have h is third of the b an all th was o . ooty, d e rest t remain to them W was w and d hoever charged ith fi ring a house, coul o t was n clear himself by forty compurgators , to W f . w s o forfeit 208 to the king. hoever a con victed o ne t o f y was to concealin g pi n hone in the custom , f fi ve nts fo r o ne f as orfei t p i _ , i h is lands y i elded m f - u ch . If the s heri f called them to the sh ire mot, six o r seven of th e best were to go with h im ; and w e o s w s 2s. ho ver refused to go n summon , a to forfeit o r o x c i ui dc l mnd e t r em nd w s an to th e k i ng, q r a a to pay as m u ch ; the li ke fine for disobeying the ’ sheri ff s precept to go with him into Wales ; for if " ’ he iff no t Go lz s t sher did go , no one else need , ( ug Camden . ) district o f l rchinfi eld frequently o c cu rs in ' W e lsh writrn o f Ur zn d t gs by the name g g , and is state to have anciently been governed by inde enden t s overeigns . At presen t there is no hu ndre p o f th e name o f Irc hin fi eld ; but the deanery so called in ‘ c l udes w and o ne the hole hu ndred o f Wo rmelo w, p aris h in Webtree

1 10 n eae r o n n asm e . th ei r pictu resqu e sce n ery ; immediately below the fi ne o ne o f eye , th e ri ver forms a sem i ci rcle, at the extremities o f w h i ch are the ruins o f Wilto n

Castle , and beyond it an extens ive and lux uriant v b a t o f Pe m ale, terminated y th e dist n mou ntai ns k shi w b ro e re i ndeed th is to n , from the pleasantness o i e o f f its s tuation , has of late years b com e a kind . fo favourite resort r the nu merous su mmer parties , ; w W e c h ho & . e re visit th e y ; and boats , are kept for the accommodation of those who make an e x s n w n i c u r io do the r ver. o f R d s no t The origin oss oe appear to be remote, though a fe w coi ns and medals have bee n foun d r o n e o r two o f R h ere, but no t mo e th an the oman ; a t w r times , an d prob bly hese ere o igi nally brough t n o f A ric o rrium : t from the ru i s nei her do the annals , o f this town record any events of eminent h i storical interest ; the ad ventitious lust re wh i ch i t has obtai n " its i n K ed from i nhab tant, Joh yrle, th e celebrated , o f R has s i a d e ree o f Man oss , n everthele s gD ven i t g attraction far beyond rts l o cal i m portanc e Th is d istinguished model o f benevolence was born at W hite lro use 1n G lo c e s te rshire e d i n , , and r side the , ’ s n o w i K n In n i n h ou e con verted nto the i g s Arms ,

s w w s e n t his 1 5 001. th i to n , here he p n come (abou t a ; t t d i n o f u rlr an . year, ) acts y benevolen ce H e died i n 1 24 o f 84 w as 1 n the year 7 , at the age , and bu ried Ross C hurch ; o n h is monument is a medallion o f, B C i . har ty supported by enevolence Amon g other , w ad i public orks, the prospect ground, joi n ng the w ch urch yard , and the alk that extends thence n early a milc to the sou th wa rd were formed byh is l h e w iberality like ise raised the spi re ofthe ch u rch , and c o f wrtb wal in en losed a pi ece grou nd a stone l , whi ch he sunk a reservoi r for th e u se of th e inhab i

- t rr ts . r f s a The exempla y tenor o his action , his ex e i o f tensiv charit es , an d goodness h eart, p rocured

h im ll r M r. the love o f a h is contem pora ies, and P d v i H m L o b ope, uring h is is ts at ol acy , havi ng r en d e f c e n e re n ai ned asufiici t kno wle g o h is b e nefi c , TOPOG R A P H I CAL DESCRIPTION . 1 1 1 E dered d ue homage to his worth i n h is Moral ssays , ‘ ' i n w thus b e le b r tes n w h ich he a , i glo ing colours; bu t ' ' ' i n ins tanc e att b this e ni p e r e d y th e penc il of tru th , the vi rtues o f this truly philanthropic character

' ’ W ho h u n g with woods y o n mou ntain s su ltry brow ? From the dry rock who b ade the waters flo w E: h l n s Not to t e skies i n usel e ss c o u nr tost, a Nor i n proud falls m gnificently lost, r r h But clear and a tless, pou ing t rough the plain

H th s rc k o w . eal to the , and s lace to th e s ain . ' W hose c au se way p arts the vale wi th shady r ows Whose seats the weary travelle r repose ? ’ W ho taught that h eav n - direc ted spire to rise ? ’ TH E MA N o r Ro ! " ss , each l ispi ng babe repl ies ’ Behold the market- place with poor o e rsp read T he Man o f Ross divides the weekly b read ; ' o u l s v ho u s b u t o f H e feeds y a m e , neat, void state, W here age and want si t smil ing at th e gate ; ’ ' H im o rtio n d maids a re ntic d ; p ‘ , pp orph ans blest

T he who who r s . you ng labou r, and the old e t s ? M ' Is any ick the an o f Ross relieves, ’ ' P d me d c in e and ive s rescribes, atten s , the makes g Is e th re a variance enter b ut h is door, ’ Balkd no . are the courts , and contest is more 0 o

an d taxe s w Of debts , i fe and ch ildren clear, T h is man p o sse st fi v e h u ndred pounds a- year . [ blaze l 1 d c w w Blush grandeur, blush prou ou rts ithdra you r ’ ” Y e little stars ! h ide you r d iminish d rays . i The government o f the to wn of Ross i s vested n ‘ ’ r C a e a sergeant and fou r c o nstab les . I n mden s ti m

- w w it was noted for its iron orks , hich are yet car

w w . e re ried o n , ith some trade i n ci der an d ool H Its m r are two ch arity schools . a ket i s on Thursday , w t 1 24 wh ich is well suppl ied i th cat le , it is si tu ated the miles from London , and contains , according to 445 1 77 inhab 1tants. late population act , houses , and 9 ' R6 55 we ass At the distance of two m iles from , p f W e sr o n u i to throu gh the v illage o , abo t one m le K 2 n ‘ . u nn s ro ans m nz . i o f o f R the east which is the site a oman station , cal l R o B i w e d ose , r Bury ll, h ich is su pposed by some ' writers to have . b een the A ric o nzum o f A ntonin us : ' b t whic h who d u Camden . recor s a tradition of its ' ha an earth uake ving been ruined by q , has placed '

K . o n w h d at en chester The area hi c the city stoo , d n accor i g to tradition , occupied three or four fields. A bout forty o r fifty years ago many antiqu ities were th w o f found here, toge er ith an i mmense quantity Roman coin s, an d some British ; among the an ti u ities w fi b ulm i s s q ere , lares , lachrymator e , lamp , o f S o m r m . b ings , and frag ents tesselated pavements r we ie s d w hav in ho le illa s also di covere , i th stones, g s ' p m o f d o r two n w h or the j a bs oors , and a vault , i hic was w heat; of a black colou r, and in a cinereous state ; in wide din w and lately , g a road , several skeletons ere k w ‘ l i e ise discovered here, as also the remai ns o f a w n o f : stone all , apparently the fro t a building the w w w stones ere ell orked and of a considerable size . ‘ ' o ne w Abou t m ile south ard of Bu ry H ill , is th e o f l w l e w now site Ec c es a l castl , hich is occu pied by r a mode n mansion . This estate formerly belonged to the Talbots,from whom i t cameinto th e possessio n ' o f o W l ho we ve r s i11c the Greys , l rds of i ton ; it has , , e

b ands . . passed from thei r descendants i nto other h R o u r he o f o ne etu rn i ng to road , at t d istance ’ m W we o f R1 ile from eston , arrive at the v illage r an o ne the w o f w c h o , abou t m i le to est h1 is the w o o n h s ite of Penyard Castle, hich st od the sout ' ' ~

. l his w was o ri side of the emi nen ce fortress , hich . inal l o f n o w g y but small extent, i s reduced to com p arative in signifi c anc e ; th e only part no w beari ng o f t o f w w the name castle, is the habita i on a ood ard , who l ives here in complete secl u s ion from the h m we a o inted au nts of man . This h u ble d lli ng has p w w e indo , and an octagonal embattl d ch imney ; and in w h o f the o f the garden , hi c occu pies part area f t a m wa the or ress , some massy fr g ents of ll are yet rs ib le e wrth e f y , tog ther groined arch s , and vestiges p p illars . I n clearing the space for the garden many

1 14 i1 nac r o ansn 1 nn: W w w o f r s v . est To er the inne balliu m break into . ie Its r n s appea ance is venerable and i tere ting, but i t is ' r apidly yi elding to the ravages o f time . O n th e r igh t o f this tower is the squarekee called M ac/c ’ ' b et/z s To wer b u ili one M , said to have been by ack h r beth , an Iris com mande ; as a ransom for himself who w riso n e rs and and son , ere taken in Ireland , b o t i w r ught hither . From e brok en part to h ich the ' rou nd u is n g leads p, a desce t into the inner ’ a b llium , through a breach , by some stone steps . w The door leads to the dungeon . Belo th is and ' ’ Mac kb e th s w e o f w l to er, are the small r mains th e al ' a w w the inner b llium , attached to the to er, h i ch w i s n w . b rrttress fi ely. hooded ith i vy T he great hich ' it - n covers , is the ch i mney place . The openi gs o k f b elo n bey nd and bro en proj ections o the angle, g ’ to a e w the L dies To w r . The ground belo is th e w h outer balli um . A station to the right, parallel it the f o rme r a n a w r e w , f ci g the gre t to e , produc s a vie o t/r o r i n fr n t o f the Se a T we o f the inner ballium , w i th the West and east towers as they flank th e walls o f w w the inner balliu m . This to er is bedecked , ith ' s w i vy, and propped by angular bu ttre ses The est to wer from this station presents a chasm n o t seen ' fro nr t to he former. The broken parts u pon th e p o f w w ' r the all , ere the barracks ; the hi ghe projecti ng ‘ w w t ro p art adjoi nin g, is the to er, h i ch con a s the ‘ w chapel . T he tO p o f this and that of th e atch

e was t e . T he hous , h si tuation of th e corps de garde ‘ b rid e and d f h g castle gate, are e ended u pon eac side by th is and another tower at the east angle ; the o ne n former has semi circular arch , and a other l to o f acu te y poi n ted . The p is the level th e grou nd r i n the inne ballium , and the bottom of the pier is ' ' thé e' o f o ff o r o f d pth th e f sse, gra e, ditch the bal i ‘ h l u m, whic h is he wn o u t of the rock to the breadt ’ b f twe n t y yards . From some trees , seen above th e h o f m a ins1de ighest part the castle, y be taken an t v ie w l e from the i nner ballium . After the cast e gat , that wh ich is po inted was the only entrance to the ’ s TOPO G R AP H ICAL ne c axr r ro u . 1 15 inner balli um : its stron g h in es still remain ; ov er it ' ' th wa de n s h is e r apartment. e large op en ing is t e w w o f e indo the chapel , in the earliest Sarac ni c style .

- wa w h From a door y i n this part is seen the inside, it ou t ‘ is fi r - a roof. There a large projecting e place , for a ' ' w w wh room over it , and belo a cellar, ithbrackets i ch a fo r w supported the floors , an d a pl ce holy ater i n th e t w c chapel . The octagon contains a s aircase hi h leads to the ap artments over the chape l and gate . The o f it W w top is the atch To er, rising above th e other

. Ah w b bu ildings i nside vie from the i nner alliu m , w presents an openin g i n front , through hich the

& c . n o o s ite o r rock, is see on th e p si de of the fosse ' ' was ditch this is the effect 0 decay . It the station fro m w a was . P l h ich the l st description made roceed o f to the i nner balliu m , an d enter the door th e keep , ’ o r Mac kb e th s T w w is o f o er, hich a prominent art h w w l . T e fa the bu ilding i ndo s are Saxon , the mes, ’ i w w . B p llars, ith round shafts, bases , and caps elo ' wi w w o r z i 'l z a the u pper ndo is a cheveron ork , g g p r m t w na e n . , h i ch is continued u pon a fillet all rou nd T he th e w to is imperfect, bu t hole bears i ndica t ions 0 the twelfth century ; The chapel appears to have been fitted u p at a m uch later period . It answers completely to th e descri ption of an ancien t : was w keep this part l ike ise th e ci tadel , or last o f n retreat the garriso ; general] bui lt , o f “ ' square w 0 s everal stories, an d the alls an extraord inary

' f - w W . o is aho l th ickness Inside th e north est all , e t ' ' k . N b u the r bro en through ” othing remains squa e fi re - a d w area, the p laces, n the brackets h ich su p '

f - a r ported the loors . O n th e south east is doo w hi ch des cends into a vaulted room u nder grou nd , and appears to have been the dungeon ; it has an d w an d other oor hich leads to it by a dee all , a third which is seen abou t the mid way o pt e brok e n ' ‘ sto ne steps leading to the apartments i n th e sb uth ' ‘ w f - w w no w to er, to the parapet o the south est all, " T he doo r at th e foot o f the steps leads w w o f to the under parts of the south to er, the hole 1 16 n isaar o nns n m s . w w o f a hich is connected ith a range partments , which appear to have bee n either the barracks i artifi c e rs o r an d lodg ngs , for th e garrison and , w Sec . granaries, storehouses , ith the l u nconnected w w th o r other apartments , h i ch ere for e baron go / v ernor, and family . The three small doors near the c n w b e or er, lead to the privies, here is a deep vau lt w h longing to them . The all is garreted , bu t muc b roken ; the openings are narrow wi ndows and

- w chi nks , o r cross loop holes . The in ner all of these barracks may still be traced . The great pointed

- wa to Hall . the door y is the entrance the Great , ’ f w O building abo ve it is the walls o the great to er . n ' w o f L w r vie ing the inside the adies To er, the apa t i ment o n the left appears to have been the k tchen , b f & c. y the doors descendi ng into the o fi ces , cellars , o f w w two that to er , in hich the octagon pillar, and

- s rin sharp pointed Saraceni c arches , p ing from cor

i w ro m ~ the respond ng brackets , hich proj ect side w atic ie nt s alls , form a great contrast to the more part o f s t ro the building . The track from this ta i on p c ee ds t w w w V leW o the indo , hence a most cheerful W e w o f is presented over the y , ith the village ’ Vi alfo rd l , its handsome ch u rch , and sh ing ed spire ,

W f - d w d al ord Co urt house , and the surrou n i ng oo s

' and hills . The terminati ng obj ects are the bold ’ o P B coppices f Penyard Chace and ark , ishop s W & n ood, c . H ence through the i ner balliu m gate, the track leads to the door and narrow passage ofthe ' two W - P atch ho u ses . roceeding over th e bridge n o w e w h you enter u pon the barbican , n arly level it m . m a the ground Fro this station ay 4 be taken ' i w o f in general v e the castle , taking front the fosse , and o n w w the left the s o uth to er, ith the square part a att ched to it, and the keep risin g beyond , over th e w o f the n ne w ts m n all i r balli u m , hich fro seve to ten f t ee th ick . The foremost roje c ting part is the w , w e l. to er flan king the all , an , contains the cha

The l - was w w c c broken oop hole a indo , to the lar b o w i t. t is el Upon the level surface o f he bridge,

1 18 H E u h e tn tDS B IR E . o f scenery “The northern extremity shou ld be fi rst attained where the cu rrent o fthe ri ver dashes against t b a the w he se of rock ; h ence i t glides in a . horse s o f fi v e hill hoe course m iles , and rev isits the a ain ’ ' g at its at d n southern extrem ity, the ista ce only of oue

’ ‘ ‘ i e n e c k o t . P P an d m l across the l land enyard ark ’ C n B hase, form a oble back scenery and ishop s ' Wo o tl n e w , i t rsected ith small groves and th i ckets , d w h‘ diversifie it rocks, neat cottages , and detached ' e s o f nclosu res , pre ents a striking peculiarity style . i h s w l f you proceed a l ttle furt er, to a mall hite b u ild ' in re side nc e ' o f w g, formerly the a rabbit arren er, ' ' o u m v ie w o f y co mand a the counties of H ereford , ' W e En M onmouth , Salop, orcest r, and Glocester, i n g l h o f Bre co and R and ; and t ose Glamorgan , n, adnor, f iii Wales . The less distant parts o the picture re e o f R n a enrich d by the vi llage uardea , three m iles to E the ast, i n the Forest of Dean , appearing ‘ n m w w n h e ce on the sum it of a beauti ful la n , i ged by '

fi rs e t w t . and for s oaks , ith the river at i ts foo To R o ut o f the north a pears the spire of oss . rising lofty ‘ e . n w s lms In t e circle, earer to vie , are the village o f W Pe nc reek hitch urch , Goodrich , Croose, , and o f W alford . For a m ile i n lengt h the surface thi s b ill n earl i i s level , exceed ng pleasant and safe ,

‘ w o o t o r o n P i hether on horseback . roceed n g along " the w o ld m path , you have in vie the ansion , vene r w . able oods,and han gin g gardens, of Court F ield H P o f s M enry rince Wale , born 1388, at onmouth r Castle, and therefo e called H arry of Mon mou th, w s n w as nursed here . Th e cradle i o in the posses W n s o f Es . at e ion hitehead , q H ambrook, Fr ch H a B o f y, near ristol . From the excellent qu arry this f r place, the stone was su pplied o b uilding the bridge at Bristol ; whence an i nteres ti ng view may be Seen o f B ’ W and Ne w ishop s ood Fu rnace . H ere, at the W i ear, business seems to have fou nd a conv en ent s o f Lid ituation even i n retirement . The village w nd brook, hence the city a greatest part of the c u w l o nty o f H ereford are su ppli ed. ith coa ; the To r o e nar a rc a n D ESCR I PTI ON . o f W E B S churches elsh and ngl ish icknor, and tan o f ton , and Forest Dean , contribute to the enrich w W ment of the vie . hen arrived at th e extrem ity w u o f h ich is bo nded by the river , a range massy and o n o f stu pendou s rocks , the su mmit the Opposite

o w . sh re, ex cites an a ful adm iration The largest an d most elevated o f these rocks is called Symond ’s o r v l i Yat Gate ; an d is often isited by arge parties, n

o f x . the su mm er months , for th e sake the e traordinary W . B a prospects from i t elsh icknor C hurch , l ies t the distan ce o f about half a mile from Court - fi eld” and i s v isited b y the antiqu ary o n accou nt o f a se p ul c fli chral gy, sai d to represent the cou ntess of Salis who o f Mo nmo u th o r bu ry, n ursed H arry , H enry the

. M r. C o xe the Fifth , con cl udes h is history of pro p rie to rs of this manor wi th the following anecdote of the ' vigorou s old age of an ancestor of the present t ’ ro rie o r W o n e w , who p ‘ g alkin g day ith h is son E w b e ad been lon g married ithou t issue, challenged w h i m to leap over a gate . The son attempted it ith I o u t su ccess o n wh ich the o ld gen tle man vaulted : ' “ it i a ' over W th great agility, adding, A s I h v e ' f ’ cleared the gate o r_yo u, so I must e en pro v ide yo u w ' ” ith an heir. A nd he fulfilled his pro posal by es ’

o f - fi v e pousing, at th e age seventy , A gatha, daughter

- o f n Es . o f C o wame c o u rt i Joh Berrington , , H ere f rdshir l g so n o e w e . , by hom he t a and three daughters A two o f i th bou t miles to th e east Goodr ch , are e ’ i w o f Bisho s - w and o w ron orks p ood furnace , some p e rfu l ae & c . to engines for stamping the ancient scori , wd w m h e p o er, hich is anufactured ere to cons iderabl a adv ntage . o ur ne r m Lud ord Br id e to Wels/z Newt n J y f o f g o , /zr u / e mi r t o g z L o nster and H er efo d . Ludford Bridge is situated at th e northern e xtre m o f ~ e . ity th e cou nty, over the riv r Teme, on the bor o f S o w w d : n a e e . ders, hropshire l e vin g h ich proce in o t l c and at the o f ut a s u her y dire tion , . distan ce abo ’ fo m s Gastl a R , ss r r . u r iles, p a , on .o u ight, ichard e, f r ss e ct o f h ch o tre re ed b efo re the co nquest, b ut w i 29 ii s anr o n nsm nn . r n o w r a “ sca cely any vestige em ins . T his castl e ‘ ‘ (says Lel and) standeth on the topp e o f a v e r ro c kv " ' r ' y \ ‘ ’ ' d t w ' h ill ; an a the est end o f the paro hhe c hu rc h tlih e the to we s o f ther, k e p, the r i t stand , ‘ ' ' ht to u z h going r ine ther i”s a park impaledf hii d wel - w b ut ho e le ooded , d er. ' ’ ' ' A t the d stan c e o f ab o iit m e assiii i ten il s , after p g ' rou a o f B w g the O , , Po at h , th " h vill es verton ilberry y and to we irrive L S Lus n , at EOM IN TER; a market ' ' ’ tbwn si n V ab o nd , t uated i a ery rich and fertile vale, ii ' ‘ ' ‘ in with crc ho ards fi ne m a w g ards , pjy , e do s , an d ‘ ' ' ' d fl o wip o n n o rth an d arable an s, the river Lugg g its f l e mrp n the ' str a s throu gh ' ‘sma lIe' r w t fro m to n . Its ex en t north to south is n early ' t we a dis a mile an d from “eas ; to st , abou t h lf that " ," ’ ' ’ t nc t ih c tr ~ vv a e. The stree s the e n e o f the to n are ' ' ' n arrdw, and several of the houses are bui lt o f o ld timb é r w t r and plaster, fantastically adorned i h cu i ' o u s i w and grotesqu e carv ngs , and coloured hite " J b e r r , w i h ; lack . av a most singula h ch ’ appea an ce m s w an d w o t o f th e modern b uildings , ho ever, h i ch l av e as s s much incre ed, are re pectable edifi ce of g' k ric . ' ' ' ' ' “ The to wne o f Leo nminster (says Lelan dl is ' m l e o b uildin s of t mb re . ete y larg , and hath g od g y w o f rinc i w l u se The to ne by reason their pal oo , ' ' ' r d ra in e c lo the an d e reb e g eate p g of l t y it flourish d , ' S yns o f latter days it c lianc ed that th e cittyes of ' ' H ereford and Worcester complai ned o f the lfre ueu l c Lemster e e q e of peop e that ame to , i n pr j udic ‘ o f ho t a t in sh re t w and e their m rke s, th e y o ne, '

' also ih hindringe their drapinge : whereu pon the d marke tt was v m te r Satur ay remo ed from Le s , an d ' ' a market o n Friday was n e wl assio ne d unto it : f ' ' syns that ‘ time the to wiie of e mslet hath de Ga e y ' ' f he iq uity of th t wne i s - most famdds by e p " ‘ ‘ a Mbnri ster o Ndnncs tha M erwaldus K o f y f , t , i ng? th e March esfb uiltfthere and endowed it with all C , ‘ ’ the ‘land he ut il he o d s ndw t r b o , savin o yt l r ship : eg g r ‘

‘

122 n e as ro anshmn. E wa to his assi gned by d rd the Confessor, qu een E E was dith, or ditha, and that it governed by eigh t r y o siti o r ff b edelli o r nd p ap , baili s ; eigh t , beadles ; a r ado /zenestr i o r eight , free tenants ; and that it con ’ tain d 2 8 v illains 4 b orderers 8 e 3 , 7 , and 2 men and W omen servants .

w St. P The Church , h ich is dedicated to eter and

' . P was d ff s n rt St aul , erecte at di erent period ; the o li

’ side (o r what is called th e back aisle) with part o f w t e the to er, appears to have been buil befor the ‘ o f w Conquest ; the body the ch urch , here service i v n a is performed , s ery large, eat , and spacious ; nd t lar he roof is supported by fou r e T uscan pillars . It is r egularly and n eatly pave and has a fi ne ’ - R o f o altar piece, painted by ubens, th e L rd s Su p

‘ ‘ p er ; o n the left side is a paintin g o f Moses with his ’ - ro d ; o n A , s and th e . right aron in his high priest

w Sac . w d ress, ith a pot of i ncense , ith decorations .

fi ne - w There is also a toned organ , and i n the to er ' is . A fi re b t a ring of eigh t tu neable bells great , a ou a a century b ck, destroyed the roof, east end , and ’ o f w ins i de the church , i th the stalls and monu ments ’ o n e o fthelatter o f which is described in Weaver s ’ aS ‘ b ein K g to the memory of enelm , w h x n a Mercian p rince, it an inscription in Sa o cha e m ters . ’ The P n L a riory ear the chu rch , mentioned by e ' l was o ri inal l b P e and, g y a mon astery, built y rin c M e rewald so n o fP o f ea , endra , king Mercia, i n the y r 65 fo r w w h 8, religious v irgins , and endo ed i th m u c land abou t the town and at the dissolu tion its ah n s . . w c h ual revenues a mou n ted to 6601. l 8 8d of hi s u 1 was o f . m 448 . paid to the abbot Reading Som e o f the b uildin gs are yet standi n g ; amon g them is ‘ P u w i r a o was the riory H o se, h ch , abou t a centu y g , r n and o - e e ted by the corporation , made a mansi n hous ' fo r the b ailifi a , but h as si nce been c onve rted into h u o f ‘ o se industr for the p o o r o f the té wn . The n o r e whic u a th sid , has ndergon e the least alter tion , fln w o c t - p u p c has several lancet win r a n o h i s fl r . ro p o c as r urc u ; ns scnrr r ro n . 123 “711 011 also support the angles at the east and west ‘ en31s .

H is B - h e n w ere a aptist meeting house, a andsom e s n wi fo r quare brick buildi g, th a house the minister, ' an d two w w w ad o inin other d ellin gs for ido s g, built and o w f endowed b y the late Mrs . Mary ar l o this town there are like wise Meeting - houses fo r Pres by te rians and w . Q uakers, and a Moravian chapel , ith ’ the minister s house adjoinin g ; it is a neat plai n s r w . tructu e , ith a small organ w The To n Hall or Bu tter Close , as it is usually was 1 3 is termed , bu ilt abou t the year 63 . It a sin a s o f ul r building, con tru cted timber and plaster ; t e was , who . arch itect the celebrated oh n Abel b - l f muilt the Shire hal at H ere ord , an constructed the o f . ills during the siege that city , in the year 1645 f w o ak a no w This abric stands on t elve pill rs , sustained o n n o f ston e pedestals , the bracke ts and spa drils the arches above the pillars displaying mu ch carving. as The q uarter sessions are held here , also the as semb lies o f the corporation .

ne w - fo r A and neat market house, the sale of grain , was erected by the corporation in the year 1 808 it " ‘ is ll the l u sc an w a sma buildi ng of order, ith pedi m the ents , and a cu pola ; i t stands i n a square to e w d o f ast ar the H i gh Street . w w Q ueen Mary endo ed a free school in this to n , the buildin g o f whi ch was anc ien tly a chapel de di c te e sc o l a d to the Virgi n Mary . H ere is like wis a ho en we Pierre o in E s . do d by p t, q

A - M rs . Es H ere are fou r lms ho uses, fou nded by a w w 5 wi ther Cl rke, ido , i n th e year 173 , for fou r w w an e do s, i th an nual i ncome of fi v pounds to each, u d nder the irection o f five trustees . Th e borough is a disti nct precinct from the cou n ty ; it holds uarte r sessions and has a go al and a . b w l 18 o w was in~ ride el ; it di vided int six ards, and ' c o r o rated by Q ueen Mary ; being governed b y a b i p w ff w i l g ste ard, a baili , a recorder, and t elve cap ta b u e s w o a i . It rg s es, h chuse a b iliff and a town cle k L 2 “

1 24 u s ae ro ans u xas . Q has retu rned two m embers to parliamen t from the w f 23rd o f E d ard I . th e right o e lection bei ng in the n t se t and m freeme and i nhabi ants paying n lot , a ou nt ' i ing to abou t 620 ; the bailiffs are tha returning o fi cers . jFo rmerly Leominster carried on a - con siderabl e w l w w h n o w de a trade in oo and heat, hich as cre s

'

. is ro wn in the ‘ ed , Flax of an excellent quality g n o a l eigh bourh od , the land being p rticular y favou r able fo r that plant . Th e market originally held o n o n been changed to Friday, the peti tion o f the inhabita nts of the cities o f H ereford and W who a o f r orcester, co m pl ined the decay of thei e f i o n th o f trad . l ts a rs are the 13 February; T u es

‘ Midle nt ' 14 S em 4 day after Su nday, , May , ept ber , and November 8. r d 13 m f m ndo n Leomi nste is situate 7 iles ro Lo , nd o f a consists, according to th e late population act,

777 houses , and inhabitants . ' miles no rth- w fro m Leo minster A bou t fou r ‘ east ard t m o f the is Berrington , formerly the sea and anor Ha ‘b o th ‘ R . . rle r e r the lat late ight Hon Thomas y, to e f who was m ' in Earl o Oxford, ember for thi s cou nty ‘ five s ucceeding parliamen ts it is occupied b y Lady ' m is fi dney. The an sion a s uare modern edi ce, o f w c h i te stone, s i tuated i n a p asant park, the emi n e n c e to the sou th - east being covered with fine ‘

- w . o f ood O n th e north east, near the angle the roads l e adiri E e Brim fi e ld i l g to y and p , is the s te of a smal cam ) A l the distance bf o ne m ile to the sou th - east from ' r o f r E Leom inste , on the left our oad , is aton , for m H c klu ts w W erly a seat o f the a y , of hom alter de H ac klu yt was h igh she riff o f th is county d u ring the f w ‘ w ou r first years o f Ed ard II. and the same o fi c e as l o f w also fil ed by several others the same . family do n to the time o f H enry VI“ . The chi e f and an ie n te st o f the ac kl u ts b ee n c H y , (says Leland) have ‘ gentleme n i n tymes o u t o f m emory ; t hey took thei r a o f o f Rad ti o shire d n mes the forest C luid i n r , an they

m6 n z ns ro nns n m nu ' and i n continuance was wedded u nto him ; where s a u pon after he rose i nto e tim tion, and had given to " t he a a him 10001. by year, for th e m inten nce of w m w him and his ife , and their heirs, a on g hich

dlo we o ne s s landes he had Lu for parte . Thi Len o f thall was v ictoriou s at the battle Ag incou rt, and w t o oke many prisoners there, by hich prey he b e n e w i i t a gann e the bu ld ngs of H am p o n Court , nd w brough t fro m an hill a springe of ater, and made a. ‘ ” w to o f his l ittle pool i thi n the p house . The lady above alluded to appears to have been a c o - hei re ss

- E ~ w o f Ri chard Fitz Allen , arl of Aru ndel . In hat c no t manner th e estate des ended is clearly recorded , bu t Camden menti ons i t as ha v i ng bee n fo r s om e C o nin sb ies f i time possess”ed by the g , a amous family n these parts and who p u rchased it o f the C o rne

w B o f B . ells , arons urford i w ac The mans on , h i ch is situated on a s io us l wn o f n e arl o n e r ac re s is i fi c a , y hund ed , a mag e nt t a i n o f s ru cture , part k g partly the castellated and

p artly of the monast i c character . The bu i ld i ngs

‘ s u r ro u hd a quadrangular court, having a gran d

r - w h : squa e entrance to er i n the centre of the . nort fron t ; and at e ac h ~ e x tre mity another and smaller ’ w a o f whic h i to er, the most e stern u nites W th the cha ' ‘

- é l. l he w p entrance to er IS deeply embattled , and m ach icolated on both i ts faces . is o i The interior c mmod ou s , and many o f the en are w t and fe w apartm ts fitted u p ith grea taste, a years si nce was remarkable for muc h of the ancient fu rniture that cons t i tuted th e magnificence of the l w o n o t o . i n e nobi ity centu ries ago of the ro ms, cal ‘ Ki was l a i led ng H enry s , til lately bed , the hang ngs o f w h i ch were said to be those belonging to the b ed

w S c o tc h t laid the ki n g slept on , and ere a very fine p ,

a w i h ; and another of the partments, hich i s furn s ed i n d n a splen id manner. having cri mson damask ha g i ings . and bed and cano py of the same , re ma ns pre C ise l th e same s tate w e b W m l li y i n as h n used y illia . w h e e: hen vi sited Thomas Baro n Coningsby, a nobl TOPO GR A PIC A L DE SCR I PTI ON . 1 27 man partic ularly distinguished fo r his bravery at o f B A rim in the battles the oyne and g Ireland . Above the present ceiling of the great hall is awains ‘ ‘ o f in annels o n w a cot r o , done p , h i ch are c rved ros e s i w h and other decorat ons , hic have been richly gilt and ornamented ; at the lo wer end is likewise to be s o f arms o n w een a coat _ , painted the all, sai d to be

the o f Ki . b u t f arms ng H enry IV m uch de aced . ' A mong the valuable paintings, preserved in this

i are i i . mans on , some interest ng p eces by C Jansen , H K R olbein , Vandyck, Lely, neller, and eynolds . One o f the most famous among the o ld pi ctures is ‘ W 'an u n do ub te d o ri inal o sai d , by alpole , to be g f H D en ry IV. epending from the neck is a chai n o n w r o and medallion , h ich are depicted the a ms f

Fitz . A l e ns E o f the l , arls Arundel ; an d beneath is w the follo in g i nscription H e nry IV. King of En who and gland, laid the first stone of this house, l t h w a L n thall ef t is picture i n it , hen he g ve i t to e g wh C o rn e wall o f Bu rfu rd who o sold i t to , sold i t a o f L C o niu esb i n the to the ncestors ”th e ord g y, V I l i ke w se n reign o f H enry . There is to be see u n w L here a g , hi ch the late ord Con i ngsby had m o f w h ade s ord blades , taken from th e Iris rebels t o f B o n the l o fwhic h a the battle the oyne, barre is w n o in the follo ing i s cri pti n , gold letters w I i n the to er, became a gu n , ’ I n seventeen hu nd red twenty - one ; E C o nin e sb arl g y, a prisoner there Bespoke and took me to his care ;

A nd fit I am for loyal lords , ’ w Made o f the blades o f rebels s ords . ’ ' w w e nlar d Traitors , b e are, hen I m g

' h ’ W hen he or I shall b e disc arg d . m For this , y first and tru e report, w ” Pray u se me ell at H ampt o n Cou rt . The b o f B n was i n attle the oy e , fough t the year 16 0 ' i n . 9 . betwee n Ki ng William and James II. and t he n C u l i brary of H ampto o rt is an ebony casket , ‘ U n po the lid o f which are miniatures o f Wil l iam lIl . 128 n e as r o ansni as . w u t st f o and Lord Coningsby , copied ith m ch a e , r m ' ‘ E x s large pictures, by the presen t Lady sse ; i n thi box is the ha ndkerch ief applied b y Lord Con in gs by to a wou nd which Ki ng Wi lliam receiv ed o n his

r m fi e ld - was igh t shoulder, fro a piece, as he recon n o ite rin g the situation o f the enemy the day p re v io s u to the battle. The cha e l of Hampton Cou rt still retains traces of its prist i ne appearance ; the roof is o f timber w l n ork, and dis lays severa carved o rnaments, pee l o m ted has v w l iar to the p style, and arious himsica fi S o f w w gures dispersed over i t . everal the indo s in o f d contain painted glass , v arious stages ecay ; the arms w o nt all e , ho ever, f Le b and others, are y t i ent re. T he scenery aro u nd this mansion is i n a high de

gree picturesque and beautiful . A bout a quarter

- i of a m ile to . the south west flows the river L ugg, whi ch at so e distan ce below t he ho u se 'is j oined b . m y ‘ a i th t‘ r ises i a beautifu l l ttle stream , a i n the h lls, bou t Le c kle y Heath , an d meanders th rou gh the park i n a

- w is so uth esterly direction . Near the house a good w sh rubbery, intersected by a pleasan t al k, and at di t w some s ance is a neat residence for th e ste ard . w The park , hich is entered by a very handsome in w lodge the rustic style, i s bet een seven and eight m c f t im. iles in cir u m erence, and contains some fine h w er 1900 . a , ith abou t head of deer In the p rk, w i n during the floods , h i ch frequently occu r here a “ b h rainy season , a fine cascade is formed y the rus i n w ’ g o f the aters over a mass of broken rock . To o n the north of H am pton Court, an em inen ce, ' e o n e o f a are the v stiges of a large camp, forming ' c o n tinue d c hain c ro ss this - , ing cou nty i n a north east d i irect on .

the u - w t H and To so th es of am pton Court, on the ' r o f o u r D nmo r ight road, is y e H ill , a very consider ab le i eminence, command ng some extensive pros T i o f peets over the surrounding cou ntry . he b ll Dinesmo rc L s and w l (says eland) is v e ry teep, high , el

130 H ER EFORDSHIBlb d l w .H l s ru tu eb o il , is a large plain t c re and the grounds afford so me rich and well - wooded s cenery .

' Ab o u t three miles to the south - east o f M YND ’ ’ - P K o f S r . W no a n AR , i n ou r road , is the village n a s, which d erives i ts nam e from the ded ication of i ts c h the B i m w e urch to ritish - sa nt of that na e, hos r o d a b eak figu e, represented as an l man sustaining , and an o x was l wim , fo rmerly i n the north chance d w f o . Se veral of the anci en t family o the Minors, who w w d came over ith th e Conqueror, and er e seate at t a lie T i go, i n this parish, buried here . '

A t th o f n St. e distance fou r miles b eyo d Weonard s, we o f W h w n arrive at the village els Ne to , abou t one mile to the n o rth - west o f which was Ps u na rno s C w h A STLE , hich is mentioned as early as the sevent f w W C antilu e wa its o H enry III. hen illiam Lord p s ’ n w i » governor. The castle is o totally demol shed , to

‘ w c gether ith an adjoining hapel , and the park has b een ploughed u p and cu ltivated . ’ A bo u t two inile s to the south - east of Welsh New ’ ' to n two l ' t t , are eminences, cal ed Grea and Lit le wa w r Do rd H ills, on the fo rmer of hich are the e m Kin A r tb ur 's ains ofan ancient encampment, styled g H all ; from which the ground gently declines to the r . O n o w h d iver the su mmit fthe latter, hic is situate o f a short distance to the west, are also the vestiges ’ an n i w a c ent camp , near hich , according to G ibson s

b f :. an d Camden , broad arrow heads have een ou nd m a ac h pl e whic appeared to have been arched over, an was almost entire human skeleton discovered, w hose j oi nts were pretended (says M r . Gou gh ) to b e wi ” t ce the length o f those o f the present race . ’ w o r Bet een the Doward H ills and Symond s Yate, R to e ock, situated a little the sou th , is the cascad of the Ne w W w o f the ei r, hich has been selected as one W e most beautiful and majestic scenes u pon the y , as it gains superior advantages from ac c ide ntal ac c o m nim Wh tele his a en ts . s t . a p Of this po , M r y, in b A O servation s o n Modern Garde ning”says, r o ro e ns r n rc s L E P . 18 1 J D SC R I TION s a th e w W W e w i eene t eN eir, on th e y , h ch in itsel f is r w t truly g eat and a ful , so far from being dis urbed,

b a . ecomes more i nteresting and im port nt , by the bu s c hasm ine ss to wh ich it is destined . It is a between two high ranges of b ill that rise almost p e rp e ndic u

' larly from the water ; the rocks o n the sides are m a nd h ostly h eavy masses , t eir colour is generally brown ; bu t ' h ere and there a pale cragg shap e a t s u st rts u p o a va t height above the rest, n con nected, b roken , and bar e ; large trees frequently forc e o ut their way amon g them : and many o f them s tand far w back in the covert, here their natural dus ky ed b w e h ue is deepen y the shado that overhangs th m.

‘ r to o s l w The iv er as it retire , oses itself i n oods ,

c s ed n . lo e imm iately above, the rise thick a nd high ,

wate r. . In all l an d darken the the midst of this g o om , is Ir on For e w an g , covered ith a black cloud o f

w halfo b u rn t o re w smoke, and su rrou nded ith , ith

c w l fo . oal , and ith ci nders ; the fue r it is brou gh t d w a w n w o n a p th , orn into steps arro and stee p, and winding among precipices : and near it is an ope n s o f t w th pace barren moor, abou h ich are scattered e

o w . h uts f the orkmen . It stands close to the cascade W o f i of the eir, Wh ere the agi tation the c urrent is n s d c reas o f s w h . e by large fra ments rock , hic have

b w . ee n t w o o ds m b anks o . s ep do n by , fro the , r sh i

’ vered by tempests from the b ro w ; and the sulle n

- at a s o f m sou nd st ted interval , th e strokes fro th e h great hammer in the forge, deadens the roar of t e

- w . . J b w w r the ater fall ust elo it, hile the apidity of

st m l c s . a is a rea stil onti nu e , ferry c rried across it ; w w fi l and lo er do n , the shermen use ittle rou nd

b o . ats , called tru ckles (coracles) the remains, per

o f w . the haps, the ancie nt British navigation , h ich

l . n w i h . east motio ill overset, and the sl gh test touc ma s o f e y destroy . A ll the employment the peopl s u tio n d th eem to re quire e ither exertion o r , ca ; an e i a o f o r o f w c e de s force danger hi h attend them , gi v to h c to i i t e s ene an animatio n unkno wn the so l ta y , 132 H e as m nps n i ne. t e i ldest r thou gh p erfectly , com pati ble Wi th . h w es ma s nti . i

’ ' ‘ Al ter ines tlzro ugli Br o m ar L y ' s f he l village o f. Upper ‘ Sapey is - situat ed at the ' ; n - t o fr tlie n the r r orth east extrem i y . coun ty o bo de s o f{Wo rce s ters hirm abou t six miles t o the southwest o w Bn o m rs n o s ma - w f, . . e h ich is , a mall , rk t to n , irre

n l arl an d . l a g y b u ilt, badly paved and near y, h lf th e b are o f w e l so } uildi ngs ood, and . v ry sma l ; those t w ’ modern constru ction are ho ever o f red b rick : The ' ' c hu rc b which s o n the h- o th p stand nort east side f. e ’ ‘ - to wn . is f s h d wa . , o Saxon origin , the out oor y having ' ' the z i a n w a . ” n g or aments above h i ch is a cross, nd t fi f P r f ; s tru c tu he r o . . h gu e St eter in elie Th is rd as . l n illars o ately u dergone a thorough repair , th e p r futhe n havi n h newt ro o f ave been heig tened to s u pport a , ‘ the o ri ina§c a ritals are o w . In the g p h ever preserved , n . the m » n is a . o f orth tra sept an alt r tomb , to . emory

n i ht o f f who s ~ k . e e a g the Baskerville - amily, fli gy is s cul ptured o n th e slab ; and at the east en d is a tom b

‘ i n n ic ar o f ' Bro me P a so . m mory of hineas J c k , v yard, w . ho died in the year 1681, havin g made rv ario us small b eq uests for c h ar i table purpo ses in this town . and w w is e5 m l s “ f m o n n nd This to n , hich 1 i e ro L do , a c t c h late s 3 1 us s on ains , a cordin g to t e . retu rn , 7 ho e , 276 a s is deli htfull s u d i n . and 9 inhabit n t ; g y . it ate ’ the o f fi e and riv er Fro me ~ midst the n st orchards , the .

» as in . w t n the p s g i hin a short dista ce to east, and se m l ms w n o n the n a nd w st~ small strea flo i g orth . e 5 ]g es . I A bo u t fou r m iles to the n orth o f Brom ard is a ' R m C am situated o n the i o f o an p , su mm t , all H ill , o the - n ,no rth east s ide o f which is the exten si ve ma n o r o f. w wh was art e o f Nether ood, ich ap of th e state the o f E o f Mortimers, arl

. March ' was mativ t is o w , a e o f: this 4 plac e ; I n th e

er f t . n is re p rop ty o John Pyt s, Esq The mansio

134 n e as r o an sn rn s . The villages in this part of the count y are very ih c o f fe w considerable, mostly onsistin g a scattered

c . hou ses, adj acent to a small ch ur h o f 14 m A t the distance about iles, after passing v illa é S Lac the through the g of tok e yf, and over we f two r i ver Lu gg , arrive at H ere ord, miles to the

- w o f W e south east of h ich , on the banks the y , , is

R o f E s . w otheras , the seat Charles Bodenham , q hose ad ancestors have m e it their chief residence, d uring w three centuries . The mansion , hich is a spaciou s ' and handsome e difi c e - was b uilt by the grandfather o f s . l the pre ent possessor Near it i s a decayed ch ape , and x o fli c es w e t e tensive , hich belonged to the an ci n s h m . . t anor house The grou nds are plea ant, and e d w O n a jacent oods con tai n some fi ne ti mber . the south - west the prospect is terminated by an e mi ne nc e D ne do o n w s called y r Hill , h ich are the vesti e w 0 of an ancient cam p , hich is traditionally said have been occupied by the Roman General O sto rius c v w S apula. The ie s from this eminen c e are extreme l x e y fine , and the h ill itself is cultivated to the e trem v o f o f w is erge the entrenchment, th e bank hich w w is a covered ith under ood ; the inclosed area , l fi a at arge corn eld, and several cottages are sc ttered the sides . o f r o ne On the left o u road , at the distance of f B l mile from H ere ord , is elmont , the seat of Colone o n Matthews . The house is pleasantly s it uated a s n l h s W e c o m fine a ce t, c ose to t e ban k of the y , and mands a beau tiful prospect ; i t is an elegant bu ildin o f w r 1 88 ang Bath stone, erected bet een th e, yea s 7 ' 0 - W 1 M . 79 , from the designs o f r yatt ; the i nterior is fi u w mu a e tted p ith ch taste, and cont ins som v i al uable p ctu res . o f c i ht miles m H d o n A t the distance , fro erefor , ' the KrLP s x w e left of our road, is t e village of c , her was an a c a and c l n e: the n ient c stle, el of Be edictin ~ f was o f the n e m o f Ki c ormer the seat , obl fa il l pe k, who obtai ned it by marriage with ah c i t ess o f the W lera es who resided here in the time o f Edwa d a p , r ' r o ro o m p nrcu . ns scm r r ro n . 135

' t Kil e s w he First . The cas tle of p c ( ays Leland) no longeth to the Erle o f Ormond su m ru in s of the ‘ w s c tl a alles yet stand . Th e p riory tood from the as e

o was . q uarter fa m ile . This priory su bordinate to St P ’ G w eter s at loucester, to hich it had been 8i ven by

H - W Kil e c u gh Fitz illiam , an an cestor of Lord p , it was in S o fi o d o f su ppressed Thomas p r , bishop ’ ” H e u s . er ford s ti me, an d clearly nited to Glou ce ter

‘ - w o f K in o u r Three miles to the south est ilpeck, r o f K n c uU ac u o t two oad, is the village na ; ab u

h - o f w s miles to the sou t east hich , on the border o f K P o Mon mouthshire, is entchu rch ark, the seat f

. . , Es . J ‘ L Scudamore q T he house is pleasantly w o r i in situated i n a park, bet een three fou r m les cir c u f m e re nc e, . c and containing some fine timber A bou t o n e m ile to the north - west o f Kender ‘ f a w was church, is the v illage o Ewr s H AROLD , here an w was u d formerly ancient castle, hich fo n ed previ o u sl D t y to the Conquest , thou gh u gdale says tha it was Wi - o f H e re b u ilt by lliam Fitz Osborne, earl w o h ford , after the Conquest . Leland , ho ev er, K n Had a serves, the fame goeth that y ge Harold b aste rd nam ed o f y Harold , and this Harold art of ’ Ewis was s s ar o ld— fame is h the named H The , t at castell o f Map - Herald was builded o f Harold afore he was kynge and when he o v e rc am the Walsc/ze

- me n to . , H arold gave this castle his bastard H ere was w n w h like ise a priory o r cell o fBlack Mo ks , hic (says Leland) “ was translatyd from Dule sse (Dew las m le u r . D ) village, a y and u pper o the broke ules v to Haro ld Filius ar di fo u n d d illage lon ged . H nl y this at D ules : Ro b e rtus Trego z translated i t from Dules to Maphe ralt : it was a cell to Glou cester to which place th e monks were finally removed in th e n o f year 1388, a d their possessions u nited to those ’ . P b e n St eter s A bey, thei r church havin g been giv t s in th to hi abbey ea rly the 12 century . Ewias the v il One m ile to the north of H arold , at l was a f w k e i age of Dore, an bbey o hite mon s, d d c e (if: ated to the Virgi n Mary : it ,was b uilt b y Ro b rt u 2 " 1 86 n s s s r o n nsn rns . s ~ o u h est s o n r d o f wi a , y g to H a ol , lord E as ; at ' the time o f; its Su ppressio n it consisted o f an abbo t

and o was 1011 3 . 2d eigh t religi us , an d valu ed at 5 .

‘ - er annil m. p Soon after this , the cha pter house, and o the r w clo isters, ‘ bu ild ings of the abbey, ere w w pu lled do n , and the m aterials sold , together i th

o f. w o f art the chu rch ; enough , ho ever , the latter 1 8 still left to she w that i t was bu ilt i n th e cathedral

' f was . orm , and that its architecture very elegant

Duri n g the reign o f Charles I . Joh n Viscount

Scudamore obtai ned a license to rebu i ld this fabri c, a wa y u w nd thou gh it s not e ntirel rebuilt, i t nder ent con siderable repairs ; an d i n the year 1634 was

- f F o . r e consecrated by Theophilus ield , bishop St ’ Dav id s. h o f T his c u rch consists a nave, chan cel , an d tran

s w w - and m w ept, i th a ell proportioned assive to er ; the transept was c o m pletely ne w- roofed by Lord i s c u damo re w w En . hose arm s , together ith those of g ’ l o are and , e nd of the see f H ereford , finely carved ' o n the s c re e n whic h divid e s the chan cel from the ‘ n av e the o m o f w is ; f r er hich spacious , and has a ma c 4 gnifi ent appearance, its length being 8 feet, i ts ‘ ' b a 9 its n re dth 3 , and heigh t The com m u nio t w e illars able, hich rests u pon thre elegant , is a l e Q f and b arg slab , I eet lon g, fou r roa the altar - e w piece displays a singular r presentation , i n ood ; o f h o f o ur the h eart, ands , and feet , Saviou r p ierced

and ble eding . A bove the altar are three beau tifu l Windows o f; painte d glass : in the cen tre windo w Je ' sus is depicted ascending into heaven ; above h i m

is M . an d oses , and St John the Bapt ist ; beneath w w a the eleven Apostles . In th e other indo s re - o f th n o f full len gth fi gu res e Eva gelists , and S t . P w w . o f eter, St . An dre , St James , and St . John , ith nd o f a ppropr iate legends . Beh ind the altar i s a ki d l chapel , denom inated a oub e cloister, the . roof of Wh ich is su pported by Well - proportio ned pillars d wo h mu goo rkmanship; ere, beneath an arch , is a ' ' tilated - sto ne which figu re carved i n free , is said to

138 n e az m nnsn raz . deed s The roads i n this district, and i n in all thi part

th d . o f ecou ntry, are ex cessively rugge and bad ' Jo ur ney fromKzngto n to Little L ondo n ; thro ng/z H e r r or nd edb r ef d a L u y . n c s l - w o th Kr r o n i a smal market to n , situated n e

w - w x o f Arro , at th e north estern e tremi ty the cou n

/ t o o f R . w y, near th e b rders adnorsh ire Th e to n i s w ell bu ilt , and has an Iron Fou ndry, established by

. w u w Pi M r Meredith , hich is s pplied ith Coal and g

l ro n . , by the Tram road , from Brecon The church

is t o w . a very i rregular structure , having a detached

d o f a . th er, surrou n ed by a spire singular form At e o f to wn is mar sc ho o l entrance the a free gr am , erected and endowed by Lady Watki ns ; here is likewise W a c harit . has o n r y school It a market ednesday, ‘ and fairs o n the Wednesday before Easter ; Wh it, n n a d K Mo day ; A gust 2 ; n September 4. i ngton is 15 5 situated m iles from London , and contained, ac l 5 05 28 cording to the ate returns, houses, and l 3 i nhabitants . ne o f K o n Abou t o mile to the north ington , the s o f Br dno r um mit a Mountain , are the remains of a v square camp, an d at H untingdon , a illage abou t '

e - w o f K thr e mi les to the north est i ngton , are the ’ o f a w ru i ns castle, hich gave name to the h undred i n w h ich it stood . This castl”e longed (says Leland) o f Bo k n ham to the Duke i g . f K we At the distance o three miles from ington , o L o nsh ll pass through th e village f i a . H ere are the o f w no w re ruins of castle, hi ch scarcely any thing w mains bu t fragmen ts of the ou ter alls .

- l Lio nshall we ro c e ed s On eaving , in a outh , th i easterly di rection , and at e d stan ce of four m iles a W no u s an - w rrive at , an cient market to n , situa ted 1 4 s n o f 15 7 mile from Lo don , and consists 9 h o f e ouses, and 789 inhabitants . Many the hou s s

' are w - w i ell buil t modern structures, the to n hav ng s ff r w an u ered greatly by fi e some fe years back, d i t C o ld w n e w at ontains several oode hou s s , orthy the ,

en n . c i s a u t tio of the Antiqu ary . The h urch s p cio s r o p o o aap m c an ns sc xr p r ro x. 139 ‘ ] h s two o a and strong bu ilt , and a r three ancient bu ri l '

t e C o l. B u chapels . celebrated irch is b ried here , and n ear W e o b ly is the castellated Mansion o f his ’ d S Pe io e Es h o f escendant . p q . On the sout side o w w the t n formerly stood an ancient castle, hich was taken from the Empress Mau d by King Stephen ; i t is mentioned by Leland as being a goodly and fi ne w is n o w build ing, bu t some hat i n decay ; the site ‘ ' w - r w is o converted i nto a bo ling g een . The to n g v e rne d by two c o nstables ; i t retu rns two members w o t o f to parliament, h are chosen by the i nhabi ants ' o f a 201. w houses per an num ren t and u p ards , p yin g “ ’ lo t nd s 0 d f scot and , a re iden t therei n 4 ay s be ore

. wo the election H ere are t good charity schools , the o ne fo r boys and the other for girls ; its market o n T and is h ursday , fairs on H oly Thursday, and r the th i d Thursday after. Th ree m iles beyond Weobley is the v illage o f V ' V o rmsle w o f u o f y, here a priory A gustine canons ,

e o f . was ord r St Vi ctor, founded by G ilbert Tal ' o f Ki and . bot, in the time ng John , dedicated to St n d e Pio ni w s Leo ard a, and hose revenue at the period o f the d . d issolution were val ued at 831. 103 2 . per annu m . A bou t eight m iles from Wormsley is th e cit y o f r fo w o n o f H e e rd , four miles beyond h ich , the righ t ' ' o ur illi s n w r se at o f R P. Ph road , is Lo g o th , the pp , E “ sq . which was built a fe w years ' n t w ag , is fi ted u p i th m uch elegance . ‘ A b c mt o f - , one m ile to the east th e last mentioned ' o n o o i e min e ric e place, the su mm it f a c m mand ng ;

‘ o n o f o u r o . the right r ad , is St “ which is traditionally said to be the spot where E thel S ‘ bert pi tched his tents when o n his jo u rn ey to the o f K court ing Offa . ' O n the south - west side of th e same e min ence ts ’ ’ S u fto n C the s eat o f ou rt, James ' ' ’ i has with i n these few years erected a handsome rnati - ' B h i n m the an t sion of ath stone , a s rt dist a ce fro cien r s d n w e t ‘ h li ' se what e i e ce, hich is y standi ng, t o ug mé 1 40 trnn s r o nn sn m s . ru i no u s and toget her with the o ld furniture is pre s w t erved i h care. R o u r a o f t eturn ing to ro d, at the distance abou s o f S to ke even miles from H ereford , is the v illage E w dith , hich derives the latter part of its name from

o f . E the dedication the church to St ditha, daughter of King Egbert . At th is place i s the princi pal seat f w o E . Es . w d ard J Foley, q The mansion , h ich is a spa i n k w w in c o s bric bu ildi ng ith ings , stan ds a very

o f . In p leasant park , on a kind terrace the hall are ' ‘ some fine painti ngs by Sir James Iho rnhill and in w fi w a the other apartments , hich are tted u p ith gre t

o f . taste, is a good collection family portrai ts The ark w o p and grounds , hich have been c nsiderably w w fi ne i mproved , are ell ooded, and display some

scenery . A t the distan ce o f abou t eigh t m iles from Stok e ' ‘ E afte r o f Iarrin dith , passi n through the village g we i e nn u n v w ton , arri ve at , an an cient ell built m t w o n h arke to n , situated a decliv ity near the sout M w m , H e nd of the alvern ills , abou t one m ile est fro

m w its . the river Leddon , fro hich it derives name wo w r s h It chiefly consists of t streets , h ich c o s eac In the other at right angles . the principal street is

o ld - w o n o ak market house , hi ch is raised strong pil l ars, and composed of timber and lath plastered and

w - w t m c hite ashed ; he bea s being col o ured bla k. This method o f bu ilding predom inates i n the more

' ancient parts of the town ; and many o f the ho uses ' have p ro e c tin g stories : the modern houses are c d hiefly o ed brick . The Church is a large edifice of Saxon origin , though it has u ndergon e many alterations and i m ro v e me n s o f p t at different times . It consists a nave, s an d ide aisles , and chancel , a chapel , a detached tower ; whi ch is term i nate d by a fi nely - proportioned S 60 i n pire, abou t feet h gh”The nave has octago s w w ided p illar , ith poi nted arches ; and as div from l

the an l e v e r f e , e t ch ce by y beau ti ul carved s cr en half' w hich has however bee n remov ed . The chancel

142 xxs as r o ao sn m s . u nder the presb yter ran g o ve rn me n t in the i nterreg n u m . A mong th e numerous sepulchral memorials in an in memo r this ch urch , is inscri ption of An ne,

‘ w o f A mb ro z E E - o f a w ife e lton , sq . the H ze ho d ied i n the ear 1660, hav rn 17 ‘ y g had chi ldren , three son s w l o and 14 daughters, of homshe ived t see l l mar t i n 1 0 ri ed ; and of he r issue more tha 2 persons . H ere is l ikewise an inscript i on recording the i nter m o fJ mes B y w who ent a ai le , of this to n , died in the '

16 100 an . year 74, aged years d eight months H e was B o f l you nger brother to H u mphry ailey, Ocu P h o f ~ Samu el l o f yc ard , and Bailey , ate H ereford . h t r r a e 8 00 T ese h ee , brothe s lived to the g of years ; ' what o ne wanted the other made u p . M ars r ap zt ’ ” o m s ma. There are al o some fine mon uments o f B famil in the iddulph y this church . 1401 was m Abou t . the year , th is church ade col l e iate i Tre v e nant who g by B shop , established h ere '

e o r se c ular riests . a mast r deacon , and eight p , be sides clerks and other servants : this college was dis o f E w Vl ’ solved tu the fi rst d ard . : the deacon s l w h w i a the o odgings, hic ere s tu ted on north side f

C are n o w r - the hurch, conve ted into a school house .

- n N ear the Market house is a Hospital , in honou r o f St . Catharine ; it is a very ancient timber and was plaister building, and founded by Bishop Foliot, i n 2 six two the year 1 32, for singl e men , men and wi two w w their ves , and ido s . At the Dissolution its w annual revenues were valued at 7s. 1 1d . ; it as

- E fo r e r e fou nded by Queen lizabeth , a master, sev n w w ' w n oor ido ers, and three poor ome , each to be

l w 3s. 4d. a lo ed 1 a year, besides clothes and firing ; th is allowance has since been augmen t ed to five sh i l . l w ings eekly .

is - w was d H ere a good Free school , hich establishe f R o be ore the eformation , and i s partly su pp rted by rents i ssuing from dissolved chantry land s ; there is

i “ - s a - s l ke ise a C hari ty school , beside sever l aims house , r o p o e as r m c u n asc m p r ro u . 143 , and n umerous bene factions have been made fo r the s u e of the poor.

Ledbury had on ce the pri vilege o f sending . two m a w embers to parl i ment , bu t after ards surrendered o f i ts rights , on the plea inabili ty to su p p ort th em . This to wn formerl y belonged to th e see o f H ereford ; ' t o w was n E w a w S x hich i t gi ve by d i n , po erful a on , who i magined hl mself cured o f the palsy by St . E ' thelbert s p rayers . Bishop Boh u n procured the fo r w o n charter o f a market this to n , to be h eld s w w Saturday , hich as by a later charter changed to

Tu esday. The town o f Ledbury is situated 120 m iles from n a n Lo don , and consists, according to the l te retur s , ' o f 636 s . R l hou es , and 3476 inhabi tants opes, ines , ar n and sacks for m eal e made here . Great qua titi es o f cider are also manu factured in th e n eighbou r h w f ood , h ich constitutes a considerable article o ' trade : the clothing trade was at o n e time very flo u r ishin w e o f g i n this to n , bu t it has greatly declin d l ate years .

‘ an two l o f On eminence, mi es to the north Led ' b u r En d leasant b e y, is H ope , a small b ut seat, l M . B . b u o n e E. a Es ongin g to rrett, q ; a o t mile to the - o f w o f o ne sou th east hich , on the su mm i t of the s o f o n highe t ridges the Malvern H ills, the o f W w b orders orcestershire, are the im mense orks , c l f B o f a led the H ere ordshire eacon , formerly one the strongest an d most importan t hill fortresses in w this island . The vast labou r (says a modern ri ter a ) employed i n its construction , i ts am zing belts o f w l ramparts and tren ches, its great extent, its el w w was an chosen situation , hich com mands hat y c i t ' e n ly the only pass throu gh the Malvern h ills , and which i ndeed is very nearly so even to the pre sent hou r ; its singular irregularity o f form and evi ' dent dissimilitude to the modes o f fortifi catio n o S and R a all bserved by the Danes, axons, om ns, c m a h ts o ri w n u o bi ne to est blis i in , hich m ust ques tio nab l e y b e ascrib ed to t e Briton s. The sam 143: n e ns t o n ns um e. n was n o t reaso s also evince, that i t constructed fo r ' o rar s p y , but rath er for permane nt purpo es a place wherei n anenti re dist ri ct migh t w h e s w o f it all th ir posse sions , hether

, o f i v o o r rds in case n asi n , any ot er , h ' ' b w ‘ ' si le ” ords to convey a for ' m e o ’ d t i mnse str ng hol , he ’ heigh ts to o u 11 e and th e

to o extensive. gene ral ast o f that por tion occu p ied an ellipsis and the dis d itches correspond with fi u re T he o f the g area centre , an d ' i r m easu rin is an rregular pa allelogram , ards in ne arl v y its longest d iam eter, and ‘ ortest : this is surrou nd ed by a high and o f nd n o w w rampart stones a earth , covered ith and that agai n defended by a very deep ditch . " S id e rab l e w o n o f y b lo this , the acclivity the hill, l e w t - w w s nging to ards the sou h est, or rather south e t u is xt o w o r by so th , a very e ensi ve u t ork , bastion , o f a al a f n ov form , cont ining a su ficient area for the

w o f and . sto age, and even pasturage, horses cattle ' I bi s i s means o f a narrow slip o f h e south - east side o f the u p o f o lar kind bastion , or ut intended ' t are s urfi

till lower and h r am parts ditc es , encirclin g the si des o f n e i t if not u tterly,

146 n e a er o nns n rns . lous occurrence is said to have taken place in the o f E w time Queen lizabeth , hen , according to Cam Marc le H 15 w den , y ill , i n the year 75 , rose as it ere

from sleep , and for three days moved on its vast body w ith a horrible noise, dri v in g every th i n g before

it to a h igher ground , to the great astonishment o f that kind I se the beholders , by of earthquake , su ppo , w Bras mati R h ich naturalists call a. Sir ichard Ba E ker, in his Chron i cle of ngland , has gi ven the fol w o f t lo ing particulars th is event . In he 13th year ‘ o f u n Ehz ab e th Q ee , a prodigious earthquake hap " o f i pened in the east parts H erefordshire, at a l ttle

w Kin nasto u . 0 11 1 to n called the 7th of February , ’ in h at si x o clock the evening, the eart began to e w t op n , and a hill , ith a rock u nder i t, making a t w w was first a grea bello ing noise, h ich heard a great wa o ff y , li fted itself u p , and began to travel , bear in w 1 w g along ith i t the t ees that gre u pon it, the fl d sheep folds and ocks of shee p , abi ing there at the I r w n was same t ime . n the place f om he ce it first l a i : moved , i t eft gap ng distan ce, forty foot broad ' “ and fo u rsc o re ells long : the whole field was abou t ' '

w a 1 . P o v erthrew a t en ty c es assin g along, it cha

in wa e w- pel standing th e y , removed a y tree planted

h- m w w i n the ch urc yard , fro the est to the east ; ith

f w . the like force i t thrust be ore it high ays , sheep e ’ folds, hedges an d tre s ; made tilled grou nd pas i ture, and aga n turned pastu re i nto tillage . H aving walked in this sort from Saturday even ing till Mo n

n . T he day n oo , it then stood still chapel bell

d u fe w ew- is g u p a years ago, and the y tree

is tm . a still ex g This su pposed phenomenon , ccord e ing to the present appearance, seems to have b en

n - its noth i g more than a land sl i p, and motion cer w tainly agreeable to the common la s of gravi tation . A t the d istance o f abou t fou r miles to the west of M arc le i e y H l l is Holm Lac y, a venerable seat, lately belo ngi ng to the Duke of No rfolk ; who obtained it 1 11 a w a d marri ge ith Fr nces , au ghter and heiress of

. r w h v C F. Sc udamo e, esq . together it arious other To r o u a a v n rc a t. De snu rm ro n . 147 v u 1 o In G lo u c e ste rsh tre al able estates i n th s c unty and , a n d no w w it belongs, ith the extensi ve estate, to th e T he w h legal hei r of the late D uchess . mansion , hic was u d bu ilt about a centu r ago, remains naltere , as a p e t fe c t specimen o f the style o f bu ildi ng o f o u r m 1 w i me d ate ancestors . The apar tments ere decora w t V ted i h many valuable painti ngs, by andyck, Jan s e n n o f , H olbei , and other artists eminent m erit, and the park and grounds are ve ry pleasant”T he a1 o n was o n old g den , the south front, formed the o o f M w a m del Ham pton Court, i n iddlesex, and ith very spacious terrace . Jo ur ney fr om H er ef o r d to Kingto n thro ng/z Str etton

On leaving H ereford we proceed in a north - we s terl distanc e ' o f ab o u t thre y di rection , and at t e e ( m v o f iles pass through th e illage Stretton , contain i ng 27 houses and 138 i nhabitants ; o n e m ile and a w d o f half beyond hich is Cre enhill , steep ascent, w w w cro ned at the top ith a vast camp , hich takes i n w 40 w w w its hole apex acres, ith orks, fortified i th an w l i nner as el as outer ditch . I t seems to have been i o r Brit sh , and strengthened i n succeedin g ages ; it ia may have been the defence of Kench ester , and w cl uded u nder o ne common ancient name ith i t. I t

o f to o o man. is irregular form to be R H ere Dr .

S M A GN IS .Ma na Cas tr a fo r almon places , g : such , y 30 de sa s he , acres fended, deserves to be cal led . H e takes it to ha ve b e e n first possessed b y the R w1tho t a v all u omans , and the i nnermost ditch , u m ;

B o r . e ste emeo added by the ritons , Saxons, Danes H e ” K . this the exploratory cam p , and enchester the ci ty f Abou t o ne m ile and a half to the south o C re de n . o ur r Ks n c n z sr iza h ill , on the left of oad , is , sup posed by some writers to have been the ancient city o f A ric o n iu m o f 1 t h , g ea er magnitude t an H ereford , w K ff and here i ng O a had a splendid palace . l t 1s b said to have been destroyed y an earthquake. K L standith a enchester (says eland) . three mile o r w o s s more above H ereford , u p ards, n the ame ide N 2 ‘ 148 rrs a e ro ansn m e .

' o f o th e river that H ereford doth , yet it is alm st a ' ‘ th l h w mile from e ripe o f Wye . is to ne is far more ' uncie n t was el a than H ereford . and c ebrated yn the R e ‘ a eri th b 1 thin es omans tim as pp many g , and e s p ec ially by ant ique mon ey o fthe C aesars very often f w w an d ou nd ith i n the to n , i n plou gh i ng abou t, th e ’ w e B m - mo ne hich the p eo ple th re called ws y . The cum ase o f Kenchester hath been by esti mation as m uc H w as ereford , excepting the castle, the hich P o f w at H ereford is very spacious . ieces the alls and ro e undamenl a turrets ye t appear, p p f , and more should h ave appeared if the peop le o f H ereford w had t me to ne and other thereabou t , not i n y past w o f fo pulled do n m uch . and pi cked ou t the best r

o n e M . Brainto n their b u ild ings . Of late bu ilding t n Ke nc heste r did a place at Stret o , a m i le from , fetch much tayle d [h e wn] stone there to ward h is build

- o n M Lin ham i ngs They told m e there th at e . g i s w o n er both o f Kenchester and Sutton . By likeli o f o ld w r m K to hood men tim e ent f o enchester H ay, ard i and so to Bre kno k and Cair m n. The p lace w t w was w w he the to n is all overgro n ith brambles, ’ ' ’ l1 az els and like shru b s . e s , Nev rthele s here an d there o d s o f the w yet appear rui ns f buil ing , h ich the

' foolish people c anll o n [ o ne ] the kin g o f Pey res ' C ha T f no str a memo r za yre . here hath been ound ’ ' l a ter es Br itanmc z c t ex c isdcm can ales (1 a du c tus , 9 , tesselata av imen ta r a me ntum c afe n u/a o ur e a c al p , f g , ’ c ur m ar ari ta b side s traw n e s . g , y other g th i ng A t K s was ala s o f O ffs s a : enche ter a p jt , as su m y th e m 1 o . e ines yet emal , and vaults also H re hath been ' o sso r zb us c t ar afo r zb us Ro ma n e and is found a f , v

av imen ta a s o f e l - money, tesselata p , lytle cro se g to ’ w b o w C e re a t one s neck , and ther the y all them

D wery or Dwa fi c lz halfp e ns or money . The form o f the station i s an i rregular h exagon the s outh - west and south side s bei ng the boldest ; the resen t e e n t o « ‘ p road, u nd r the former, app ari g a t The wa h ve been a di ch . lls may be traced al l t ro n the ho w w e and u d city, t ugh overgro n ith h dges

H H 150 EREFORD S IRE . " celeb rated architect who bu ilt the m arket - house s o f

K s and B kn . H ereford , Leominster. ing ton , rec ock d 1 4 th o f H e ied in the year 69 , i n the 97 year his a e . n w was d and s c u l tu r g This sto e , h ich esigned p e a o wn e ffi ie s w ed by h ims lf, displ ys his g k neel i n g ith ' ‘ f two w s w those o his i ve , together ith the emblems

o f . his profession , th e rule , the compass, and the the l w n u square . On stone is the fol o ing si g lar epitaph , which was also written by h im self ‘ ’ “ This craggy sto ne a co v e ringis for an arch i tect s be d, ft s r i et no w lo w That lo v building aised h gh , y lies h is h ead ;

His an d r d a h l e . line ule, so e t conc ud s , are locked u p in store ; ho o r who wi c an B u ild they w list , they st, for h e

build no more . H is house of clay could h o ld no longer ; ’ May heav e n s jo v bu i ld h i m a stronger.

JOH N A BEL . ’ ” ' Vive u t vine s in al to m wtr rnam. ta o f 10 o A t the dis n ce about m iles beyond N rton, e o f W » aft r passing through th e villages onton , Lions ’ a l e n tre ss we K a u f h ll , and , arrive at ington , bo t ou r . m iles to the south o f whi ch i s Ne wport - h o u se n d

Pa t w F . he o f . r y rk , seat the Hon And e ole ’ o ur ne ' o m ard c k to er e o r d b E numer e J y fi H wi H f , y

Cr o ss , H a nn wrc x is situ ated o n w s a small village, the e t e rn n e xtremi ty of the county , ear the Golden , Vale” w x n d e h i ch e tends i tself alo g the river Dore, and v e fro mits a a i ri es its nam ple s nt fertil i ty in the s pr ng, when i t is covered over wi th a y ello w li very of

we . w w flo rs I t is encom passed ith hills , hich are w w w cro ned ith oods . b ills o A m ong the , to th e s u th o f the Golden Vale,

n as wn . formerly stood C u PR IORY, a small house, d i i s ed cated to the V rgi n Mary, and u bordinate to

e o f G o u n t . l t the ord r rand m , in Normandy con r n e r m who w ai d a p iory and ten onks , ere established b u he re a o t the end o f the reign of King Jo h n. A t c a r o e o e n s p n r n D ESCRIPTION . 15 ; its v s th e S u ppression re enue amou nted to 4os . per w w b E w IV to ’ annu m , hich ere granted y d ard . God s ’

n o w C C . H ou se , hrist s ollege, Cambridge Abou t fou r m iles to the north - east o f C raswell Priory i s the site of th e demolished castle o f S tr o n ’ H w L was “ w ILL ,”h i ch i n eland s time som e hat i n n o f ru in . I t is mentio ed i n a record the time o f n h o f w 0t E . H enry l ll . as belongi g i n the 8 d ard I to R L s who was u e obert, ord Chando , fo rth in d s cent n o f who c w from o e both h is names , am e i n ith the

. R E o f Wa w i Conquerer ichard Neville, arl r ick , n it the time o f Hen ry VI. held i n righ t o f his wife who h B l A nne . after his deat at arnet Field , sett ed i t V E o n Kin g Hen ry l l . Qu een lizabeth granted it to ’ - Ro b D R n r. o f . Go u /z S ir art udley , the Garter g s

Camden . r Retu rni ng from th is dig ession , at th e distance o f fi v e w we hr m iles from Hard ick , pass t ou gh th e vil Bn r nwaanm n w was s lage of , here formerly a ca tle, b u t which has lon g si nce been destroyed ; from the ‘ im rfe c t w t i traces , ho ever, hat rema n , i t appears to l ave been a stro n g and massive fortress . T his a T Bradwardi castle gave birth and n me to homas n , a o o f C who rchbish p anterbu ry, for his various and abstruse learning was calle d i n that age the Profound

Do ctor. A bout o ne mile to the south - east o f Bred wardine

o f . e C is Moccas Court, the seat Col S i r G orge orne w B T he l . all , art . presen t mansion is de i ghtfully ' d an y asc e n t o n t situate , occu pyi ng eas th e sou hern o f e P w s to the ban k the Wy . The ark hi ch range

- we w o d i eno sou th st, is finely o ed, and ncludes a si de rab le portion o f the n e igh bouring h ill . o f m On the su m mit an emi nen ce, about halfa ile ' - w o f M P and e to the north est occas ark, is a large p g ’ o f K n A rthu r s . ta c ullar kind cromlech , called i ' l s to ne o f w inc u mb e n t and b et, the principal hich is , b r oke n n early in the m iddle ; it m easur es 1 8 fee t i n l n thic k o v e n its . e gth , and fr m se en to t feet broad , e s b e ab b n s ing out two feet . The n u m er o f u pright 15 2 n s a nro n ns n rn e . stones that origi nall y S u p ported this slab appears to v o f the m are no w have been eleve n ; bu t se eral falle n . Other smaller stones are scattere d n e a r the c ro rn le c h ; and o n o n e side is a small mo u n d o r embankmen t of earth and stones . ' t Do rsto n s itu ate d c A the village of , a short distan e w o f M P was to the est oc cas ark , formerly an ancien t c w n o w astle, hich is enti rely demolished , the origin w o f hich does not appear to be recorded . At the distance o f ab o u t four miles from Bre dwar d o n o u r n i ne, road , are the vestiges of an ancie t P w n w K n tract , called the ort ay, poi ting to ards e a o ne P w o n chester, and bou t mile beyond the ort ay, o f G arno ns the left our road , is , th e seat w Es . Cotterell , q the house , h i ch i s pleasan tly situated o n - w r o f B n the sou th este n acclivity ishopsto e H ill , commands various extensive and ri ch prospects . o e G arn o n s we Abou t n m ile beyond , pass through

v B i - S the i llage of r dge ollars , three m iles to the south o fwhic h is M o f A DLEY , formerly the site of a castle, w . T hich there are no remains here is a small cross , o f e destal consisting a square ) and shaft, near the

o f i and - centre the v llage, in the ch u rch yard are the o f o ld remai ns another cross . The chu rch is a fine ' i o f bu lding , considerable extent Re tu rn in to o r o f two g u road , at the distance miles B d S S w P w was fo r from ri ge ollars , is ug as , ool , here m erly a alac e and ch apel b elo hgin g to the b i shops o f o rd o f H ere , an d the prin ci pal residen ce Bishop C an til u in p e . The palac e has been long converted to a farm - house ; and the c hapel was taken do wn in 1 2 h ndso me o n the year 79 , and a a house erected the “ . i n i Spot In a pool thi s par sh , by the road side , w h it s abou nding it fine trout, is pretended Thoma B w n K ecket often appears , h ence the iche at enches ' ‘ ter is called Bec ke t’s Cl mzr w s o n About half a m ile to the south of Su g a , th e W e E banks of the y , is aton camp, a large ancient en t r c w e n hme n t . ith i n , a si ngle ditch and rampart, good preservati o n ; the area contai ns between 30 and 40 w acres , and is n o culti vated . Four miles beyond

15 4 rran n r o ans rrrnn. B rn r rnnn 1 18 u 5 32 in hab if a , contai ni ng ho ses , and was o f c a tants . At this place there a college secular n t o f n 1 15 5 ons , i n he reign H e ry L ; but i n the year B e e they tu rned enedi ctin monks , and resign d thei r lan ds t o the abbey at Gloucester Two Brimfi e ld we miles beyond , pass throu gh o f c o n ainin 1 10 the village ORLETON , , g houses, and

5 74 i nhabi tants . At the distance o f ab o u t three miles from the last m o n e o f o u r entioned place, and to the ri gh t road , C t S o f formerly stood roft Cas le, the ancient eat the C x o f d o who rofts , a Sa on family istincti n , resided t E w n e here as early as the i me of d ard the Co f ssor, and wh o se descendants continued to make it a place o f residence till nearly the concl us ion of the last

y w l - e s centur , hen the fami y became exti nct . The w v M Il il w n o r Re . r . e v ho tate is the prope ty of the , at W W has another seat igmore, called i gmore H all ,

- w about two miles to the north est . The ancient w castle , hich stood i n an ex tensive park , has been long since demolished ; at the north - western e xtre m y B i t ofthe park i s the site of a ritish camp , called A rub re w Croft y, the prospect from hi ch is very ex tensi ve . two w t o P r Abou t m iles to the south es f Croft a k , ’ i M ar an s C ao ss i n ou r road , is the s mall v llage of o m , w pleasantly situated i n a beautifu l valley, atered by

Lu . was the ri ver g Near th is place i n the year 146 1, fought the famous battle be tween the two houses o f o f w York and Lancaster, the issu e hich proved in

E o f rw E w lV . favour of the arl March , afte ards d ard who t o f commanded i n p erson . A li tle to the south n o f w T u s the village, at an a gle the t o roads , a neat o f w w h can pedestal h i te stone , it an inscription de was scri pti ve of th is battle, erected by subscription in the y ear 1799 . A most si n gular phenomenon is said to have o c ' at the this w o f w curred time battle as fough t, hi ch the w “ follo ing descri ption is gi ven b y S peed . On the o f w verge this sh i re , bu t bet ween Ludlo and r o r o o na p n rc a r. n asc a rp r ro x . 15 5

L f r was b s i ttle Here ord , a g eat battai l fougzDht y Ja per E o f P B t r Earle o U arle embroke, and James u le , f r W i Ea o f M r mond and iltsh ire, aga nst the rle a ch e ; in which three thousand and eigh t h u ndred me ri were slaine ; the two earles fled : bu t O wenT e u the r was T w s taken and beheaded . h is field a fou ght ’ n o f M P fi u po the daye the Virgin ary s uri cation , i n 1 46 1 w l was s tro k A nno ; herein before the battai , a a v rs ab l in fi rmame n t t/zr e e S aunas ppe red y th e , w w h i ch after a h ile j oined al l together, and became e w s as b fore, for hi ch cau e, as some have thou ght , Edw rw d r ard afte ar s gave the su n ”in h is full b igh t. n d ess for h is badge an cognizance . Oth er histor ians have l ike “ 15 63 mentioned thrs ap pearan ce and Dray . n his i M r t ton 1 m iser es of Queen arga i e. attri butes the victory obtai ned by the Ea rl of March to this pheno menon . Kr u o sm n n o A t , a pleasant v illage ab u t a mile to ’ o f M C s was b e the sou th east orti mer s ro s , a castle K Me wald o f w longi n g to ing r , hich the ditches and w ’ kee p ere visi ble tu Leland s time . ' two C o n A bout m iles bey ond Morti mer s ross , the t o f o u S n o s n r N C o unr Wil lef r road , i s , the seat of

Hanb u rv Es . k liam , q The house stands i n a par w an d r s in bet een three fo u mi le extent, and com n b ma nds some ri ch a d picturesqu e scenery . A out ' Sho b de n and two halfa mile beyond , and a half from ’

M C s B . orti mer s ro s, is yton Lane

Jam my fr o m A s to n to S/ep lc l o n Castle ; th an L n fl e t all .

As r o u is a small village situated at the north e ast . o f a two s ern extrem ity the cou nty , bou t m ile to the t o f w D w o f T A n nor h hich is o nton , the seat homas d w K s e E . he o f re ni ght, q P exterior this hous , from o w w a its t ers and embattled alls , assumes the mear o f a w ance a c stle, by hich name i t i s gen erall y called, though i t was cer tainly no t desi gned to i mi tate a r Goth i c fortress , but rather the m ilita y arch itecture o f s It i s o n e le the Greeks and Roman . situated an 156 n an nr o n ns n t n s .

v a d n a w b th te ba k , comm nding a la n bounded y e r r x e i ver Teme , and su rou nded by an e t nsi ve am phi

o f w . T he w o t heatre ood house is built ith st ne, and though co nsisting o f several parts o f d 1ssim1lar cha rac te rs f m in itse lf and w , each part is u n i or ; the hole m w fro its general union ith the contiguous scenery , T h ri I appears to great ad vantage . e i nte or S fitted U p with great tas te and elegan ce ; and some o f the apartments are decorated with a fe w select p ai ntings b y the most eminent mas ters . o n e halfto w o f D w A bou t m ile and a the est o nton , , f ie ntwardine is the v illage o L , contai nin g inha b itan o f ts . In th e chu rch th is village are some n w w w handsome pai ted glass indo s . H ere is a ell e n o w Sir E w r d ed Free School , fou nded by d a d H arley , ’a n d others . A t th e d istance of ab out two miles to the sou th o f w n is v o Leint ardi e, and fou r from Aston , the illage f W w o f b w I G MORE , here a college pre endari es as R n to w fou nded by alph de Morti mer , accordi g hos e wi l l a religious house was fou nded at S ho hde n by his so w t w was n H ugh , bu t for an of ater removed , firs t E e L w r W n to y , on the u gg, after a ds to igmore, the to Beo d une and b ac k Sho b de n in 1 , to ; bu t the year I79 the monks finally settled i n a noble monastery abo ut to o f W w h was one mile the north igmore , hic built, w d d i f endo e , and erecte , nto an abbey o the order of the x o fHu h St . A u gustine, at e pense g de Morti mer ; eight of whos e descendants were buried i n the abbey c u m fi v e E o f h rch , and among the arls March , all o f w w r hose monu ments ere dest oyed at the Dissolution , t w n wa ogeth er ith the buildi g itself to th e bare lls . T he an nual reven u es of thi s abbey at th e Dissolutio n

w 30 1. ms . S d ere estimated accord ing to Speed at 2 i .

o f - w a I n the ru ins the abbey ch urc h ere fou nd, bou t 40 “ c o fli n w h years ago , a stone an d li ttle u rn it w d c o fii n ashes , ith some silver coin in the lea en , w w hich contained a body perfect, but hi ch mould o n — t w d the ered opening A the farm b elo , calle ” ’ n . m s me Abbey Grange, remai ed i n Mr Blount s ti e o

1 5 8 n s aar o an s n rn z . o f B w rampton Brian , and burnt th e to n , in couse q tie nc e of which h is estate was seque stered to make good the dam ages ; but after an inventory had been ff Sir R w taken of his e ects , obert Harley, to hose use w w the proceeds ere ordered to be appl ied , aited

w w w s . on h i s ido , and havi ng asked her if i t a c o m le te p , and she had signed i t, p resented it to her w i ith all h is right thereto . Sir H enry had ss u e by who was t W P e th is lady ( a dau gh er of Sir alter y ) , o f w s u r n ineteen children , hom seven daughters v iv e d w o f w , among hom th e remai ns his estates ere w after ards di vided . Limb ro o k a A t , a small vill ge, a little to the sou th o f was r Lyngen , there forme ly a cell , belongi ng to N and d 1stan c e A veney . i n ormandy ; at a littl e , o f was o f n u ns near the left bank the Lu gg, a priory S o f t . b the order of Au gustine, fou nded y som e of

M r o f R r . the orti me family, about the reign i cha d I w ttn u d r an d h ich c o n e till the gene al su ppressi on , w was 291. 1 . 8d. hen it had si x n uns, and valued at 7s per an num . e L A bout three mi l s to the north of yngen , is the v o fBR A M PT B w illage O N R I AN , i n the chu rch of h i ch n w w l is an altar tomb, gree i th moss , on hich ies ff o f d w the e i gy a la y u nkno n , greatly m utilated ; and in above this is a large marble tablet, m emory o f R 1 fi E o . w obe t H arley , rst arl f Oxford On the est from the church is a large and respectab le brick ill f mansion , belon gin g to the Harleys , and st arther w is l s ix i c irc u mfe to the est a park , near y m les in

c ~ a f th w f r e n e . G re at o e o - p rt alls the ancient castle i s

i - f two still stand n g, and the gate house, lanked by to we rs o c u ie s lo w rou nd , c p a situation . a little to the north of the church . A curious chimney, rising a tur re t o r li ke ab ve the cu rtai n , and a stai case, are t e T t w olerably perf ct . h is cas le, hich had been was erected here at an , early period , the ch ief seat o f t1ll W o f the Harleys, the C i vil ars in the rei n C a w was w1 g h rles I . hen i t t ee besieged by the orces r r E s r o p o o aa p r c ar, D C R tP Im N . ISO i n r e r the se vic of the king, and at length bu n t and o h wrs t er e dilapidated .

Nearly two m iles to the north - eas t o f Brampton B R B rian , i s a perfect oman cam p , called randon , su pposed to have bee n the Brav in e u m o f the R0 a e O sto riu s Se a m ns, and to have be n occu pi ed by v Cara ta pula, prev ious to his decisi e victory over c o f w d cus . I t is a square form , ith a si ngle i tch , w are two b arro vr w e r 166 2 near h i ch s , h re, i n the yea ; was o w an u rn f und , i th ashes and bones i n i t ; and two w o n o f about miles to the est , the other side a ’ s mall C - K n o w stream , is oxall noll cam p , covered wi w th large oaks , h ich have been already noticed i n o f the former part this volume . Re o u r r o f turni ng to oad , at the distance abou t m rle s o we S n three fr m Lyngen , arri ve at tepleto , n e a e i e o n a other anci nt border c stl , s tuat d the verge o f R and E adnorsh i re, formerly belongi ng to th e arls o f M n o w o f E l orti mer, but the property the ar o f r Ox fo d .

r an s c n n nrt v ON r u n wv e . The rise and c ou rse of th is celebrated stream has al ready been traced o ut in o u r general description o f the rivers and canals o f this county ; but the se e n o n t ery its banks, collected from the various touris s, may be a pleasi ng addition to that o f the county at l arge . E w o f ven in its earliest stage. u pon th e bro Plinlimmo n r w a , this i ver is marked ith fe tures of the T he fo r grand and subli me . country several m iles is d o ne o f naked and reary, conti nued u ndulation w hills forming the distance, the river maki ng s eet ’ m d a usic with the enamelled stones . A t the ist n ce o f fro ‘ si x m iles m its source, at a v illage called Ummer ar W w , the ye recei ves a considerable s ell r l w from t e r i ve Gasta . H ere is a ooden bridge

- - n called Pont rhyd garreg . H ence upo an easy as w v rlla e cent , a to lerable road leads to the retched g o ' l n o f L a ge rrig. The beauties f this situation can w o f only be comm u nicated by the pencil, the po er 160 rrs n s r o ansn ran . T w language is inadequate . hree m iles belo Lla n

e rri the D e m . g g, i n a south direction , ri ver arnel p t ' P r o f t h i es i self into the Wye . ursu i ng the cou se e an th o f nea l ri ver, the N e r rocks , i n an extent r y three m iles, form a beauti ful screen to its north ban k . At t his spot the W ye takes an easy bend , and the as ce n din h rlls e nr rc he d w h g road , girts the immense it e i w B sp r ad ng oaks and u nder ood . eneath , the gentle river Marteg loses its cu rrent i n th e broader cha n o f V D Rhaiad r n el the \ ye . istant three miles i s y G w y. Three m i les fu rther the W y e re c e iv e s a c o n s ide rab le su pply o f water from the rivers Elan and C larwe n wh1c h o f , u nite at the distance four m iles from thei r con fl ux with o ur ri ver Below thi s a c e io us w p stream , called the Ither, ( hich i n its course

; recei ves the Dulas and C ammaro n) makes ' a con s iderab le W w o f addition to the ye . From the bro a h ill abou t two m i les before we reach the town o f Buillt y r , the scenery i s peculiarl beautiful , the i ver itse lf i to s preading n a bay, exh ibiting many naked e rocks i n i ts bed and agreeable breaks . T h river l rfo r n falls i nto the Wye abou t half a m ile above the w to n , recei v i ng at a short d istance from its j unction , h ffre w u the brook called the W e y, hich rises pon the B o ne wn o f reconsh ire h ills . Wi th i n mile of the to Bu illt l , the smal ri ver De ho n o g em ties itself into t h W e e . l 1tt o w y Fro m the ferry a le be , a beautiful reach of the r tv e r termi nates in a view of the smal l m o f A b e rd C o f whic h re ains wy astl e , no h istory has f b een traced . l ts remains consist o li ttle more tha n n w f w a sto e all , at the extrem ity o h i ch are the frag two w s m ents of rou nd to ers . These rude specimen o f art are fi nely contrasted by the adj oi n i ng wo n de rfu l o t T pr ductions of na ure. h ere is an im mense w range of rocks runn i ng parallel ith the river, ex hib in r s it g the most strange and fantasti c forms . It p e s e ats to the m ind th e i dea o f towers and castles r rs in o f x a s e n g ou t lu uri nt copse , and u nder a d cli 3 n w sun sce e is presented orthy a S alvador . or .

. a s m n rival Joh n Mortimer Ne r thi char i g,

162 B E R E FO R DSH IR E. o d ine . This v illage stands upon an eas ascent, n a o f W e i n 1 the b n k the y . and appears a app y point o f v ie w above the bridge the north s ide o f the ri ver an d w r ises considerably, is richly clothed ith shrub T o d e bery . h is place gav e birth and name to the b rate d Bradwardine o f C Thomas , archbishop anter , who was b ury, from his deep erudition called doctor P w t a profundus . assi ng i h the stre m along a rich and fertile cou ntry , reach Moccas Court, pleasantly si tu k o f ated o n the south b an . The ancien t name this

w was o f . place i s Moches, h i ch th e property St Gu th l . a ach , in the city of H ereford Th e n cient hou se stood w o f w e belo the si te the present, hich is a modern stru o f B w e ture, partly bu ilt from th e ruin red ardin w F castle . In descending to ards H ER E ORD pass a v a and ariety of eleg nt v i llas , rich i n situation , ha : B l pily selected among these, elmont is peculiar y wo o f . i f W rthy attention Q uitt ng H ere ord, th e ye o f a two bends its course rou nd . a poi nt l nd for m w we o iles, hen are agai n br ught almost as near to t w w we s the o n as hen quitted it . In pas ing further d w the u to s w o n . river contin es take circu itou in d i ngs , b u t assume s an evener su rface . At six m iles e W L u w i from H er ford the ye receives the g, h ch is o n e o f the thnr e pri nci pal ri vers i n this cou nty : it

es o n - o f origi nat the north east side R adnorshire , and ru nn ing east throu h H erefordshire to Leominster,

- io takes a south eas t ire c t n . About a quarter of a m ile distant from the Wye th is rive r runs throu h le asrn o f Mo rdifo rd a din the p g village , d g m uch to t e pi cturesque scenery o f the place . [ lpo n the east r an end of the chu rch is rep esented in plaster, s enormou dragon or serpent . The country people say that some centuries ago a terri ble dragon was w slai n near this place . No r should e b e s u rp rise d at w fo r the onderfu l relations they give respecting i t, w N even the profound Camden thus rites . ear the fl o f W s b ill w h con ux the Lu g and the e, ea t, a hic t h 5 5 use hey call Marclay ill , d n t e year 1 7 , ro y s vre re o u t s n d fo r s i t elf as it of leep, a three day ; ’

r o p o o n a p nre a r. n nsc nrp r ro u . 163 t w w ogether, shoving its prodigious body for ard ith a a e horrible ro ri ng nois , and overtu rn i ng every th i ng i n wa its y, raised i tself (to the great astonishm ent o f " the beholders ) to a h igher place . Upon a hill ad

joinin the v illage, a large stone house has been 4 e re c te g Mr. f w nd a m o st e x by Here ord , h ich comma s i o tens ve v i ew of the s urrou ndi ng country . About ne mile below Mordifo rd pass a large mansion be long

in e - g to the Du ke of Norfolk, called H lm Lacy, for merly the seat o f the ancient family o f the S c u da mo res . O n this site stoo d an abbey for p remo n strate ns W w ian m . Fits ain canons , fou nded by , in the f h begin nin g of the reign o H en ry the Third . T is bu ildin g commands a beautiful prospect on the o p i o s te e o f w o . sid the ri ver, called Fo nh pe A little p w r o f b ills elo the n ext bend of this i ver, a range C a le r called p h ills , forms a rich screen to th e north o W a ler f e . Bro o kham to n C bank the y Near p , u pon p o f hill, is the remai ns a very large square cam p , called Wo ldh ur . l ts in y, dou bly trenched dimensions are

in w t n a . considerable id h , b u t is e r half a mile lon g . In 1 2 o f b ills W e 79 , three acres these fell into the y , an d e sto ne alt red its course . O n the left at A ram , is ’ fi ne w o f the o f K C a le a vie village ing s I , situated

a w . Belo w ami d a be u tiful assemblage of oods , u pon t b a H w o f the opposi e nk , is are ood, the residence the H o skins o f es . Th is place forms part o f the forest ’ w w Ethel wo ld E H are ood, in hi ch , king dgar s m inis was M s fi ter, had a castle . It here that a on xed th e a o f pl ce for his drama E lfrida, and thus describes th e sc b e ne e fo re us. Ho w w d nobly does this venerable oo , w ' Gilt ith the glories o f the orient su n , Embosom yon fair mans ion E the soft air ’ Sal utes me with most cool and tem p rate breath ; A n d l fl w w as tread , the o er besprinkled la n S n l o . l sho u ld ends p aga e f fragrance guess , ’ ’ If dei n d v isit c l rme e er content g mortal ”, w This as her place o f dearest residen ce . Henc d w r e , ami a rich and oody country, each the 1 64 u s anr o ans u t as . pleasant village o f S elleck ; its ch urch is of s ingular o i c nstruction . On the O pposite side of the r ver, below H are wo o d is C m , a fine grove of trees called aple Tu p, where an annual festival was wont to b e held

’ o fr m all the neighbou ri ng places . Abou t fou r miles b elow Selleck occurs a most beautiful and lux u rian t

v wo f R . . fi ne am hith ie oss . O n the ap proach , a p e w o o f atre of trees called Ash o d , ski rts th e banks the W o f w is a ye . The b ill to the right the to n c lled the

C o n W o o d . u o n hase, and that the left Penyard , p

Which formerly stood a castle , said to have been de w o ne o w stroyed i n the civi l ars . Abou t m ile bel R W C a t oss, i lton s le first attracts attention , s ituated

U o f W . o f pon the .margin the ye A n assemblage '

i w d . r ch and oo ed scenery, forms the leading feature

The key - ston e s o f Wilton Bridge lock curiously o n e ‘ t o r N i n to he the . ear th is place a dealer in corn has a w erected a ple sing residence, hich he has skirted ' ‘ w rtb w w w w i illo s . At abou t t o mi les belo the br dge the adm i rer o f the grand in landscape will be h ighly gratified after ascendi ng the h i ll in the h igh road to w Pe n c rai Monmouth , hence, at a place called g, is w T he ' a very magni ficent vie . distant chu rch of R w oss , i ts neighbou ri ng oods and hills, the mean e all m dering stream of the Wy , combine to for the n fascinati g scene . A mid a variety o f enchanting w w ' vi e s, h ich th e distance from o ne bend of the ri ver t C to ano her produces , Goodrich astle, u pon ‘the i o f w w sum m t a bold promontory, clothed ith ood , e its s pres nts a piring battlements . A bou t one mile e w s t P ‘ b lo the ca tle is he remai ns o f Goodrich riory . r o f F om the ascent , approach i n g the village Good rich 3 r ich and ex tensi ve v i e w presents itself across »

F o f D n w lt re - ha the orest ea , hen ce u r dean church p 1l e s t he W e in p y br ak u pon th e e ye . H ere y a lon g an d a ff i serpentine reach , ppea rs i n perspecti ve, a ord ng a le s p a rng term inati o n to the scenery : its banks are ’ s r n ‘ w c eened o th e south by an ex tensive coppice ood , a nd o w n the north b y fertile meado ws ; ri s i ng to ard s ' ’ ' l l BtShO s W ro m w b le fun - p ood , f hich a c o nsidera i ron

166 rre ae r o n o s n t n s . w u w o f r arn the n ary , and i t contains ideas deep e gret t hat the means u sed by the hu mane society w w w b u t ere not kno n hen the accident happened , that for the benefit o f o the rs an appa ratus wi th d irc e

' o w d ed i o f o w tions are n lo g n the chu rch C ld e ll .

e was o . 1 4 1 8 s o n T he deceas d born at Oport , Feb , 7 9 , Wa o f L and o f S o rn e rs e tshire of James rre, ondon , w merchant . The e p itaph is long and badly r i tten . r s H ere Mr . Ireland qu i tted the ba ge to a cend thes e t ar o no t maj es i c rocks . The task , though du us , should . s r r he a s , deter the traveller f om pursui ng thi s as h e w d and t course, i ll avoid a ull u ni n erestin g

w h . passage u pon the ater o ft re e m i les . From the su m mit G o o d ic h C a o n the T h , r stle breaks suddenly eye . e

f Ne w W e r a n wat a l w the - a and dj oi n i g erf l , ith sur ff n o f rou nding heathy hills , a ord a rich combinatio e obj cts . T he v illage o f Whitech u rch in the centre o f th e w l te r vale beneath , i th the vast h i ls beyond , gi ve a m i nation to the reach o f the ri ver . A t White ’ t w church is a second ferry called H u son s rope, h ich, l t though seven m les dis ant from that at Goodrich , by w l o ne b y . ater, is on y mile land A t the bottom of ’ Symond s gate the company usually disembark, t i o n mou nt the summ i , and descend ng the other

' Ne w W . s ide, join the boat at the ear From the ’ o f S w n top y mond s Gate , hi ch i s not l ess tha 9 0 e in a w 00 f et height bove the surface of the ater, the spe ctator enj o ys a singular v ie w o f the n umerous a o f W e d w o n m zes the y , and looks o n the ri ver, watering each s ide o f the narro w and precipitou s e w p n i n s ula u pon hich it stands. Descending to the Ne w Wear by the sa me kind o f rugge d cou rse as that w w are by hich the Cold ell rocks attained , the fatigu e is amply re p ard from an abu nd an ce o f beauti ful ' w w a o v ie s , hich appe r through the breaks i n the r cks o w o s M OX Cll d c larn b r . r ope n i ngs o f th e o d . L C not e to e r a o th is sum m it , pr fe ri ng the n vigati n , because h e

a was u n willi ng to lose t he beauties of the ever - s hiftingr sc e e o f b o rn e that en ry, and a succ ssion scenes u pon TOPOG RA P H ICA L DESCR I PTIO N. . 167 a n to le n f b ks beneath , the most bound ss ex pa se o i w w prospect from above . A l ttle belo the ei r the river scene ry i s termi na ted b y what is called king ’ t D w - A r lru r s lain o r . p , o ard h ills To the embolden ' ed travelle r the summ its o f these h i lls afi o rd ample v o f b eautifu l ahd . , ariety the subl i me ‘ A t a Spo t adjoi n i ng to t he wood upon th e extrem i ty o f this h ill is a cavern bearing the nam e Ki ng ’ w A rth ur s Hall . Many fabulous and onderful tales h ave been attached to th is hall ; the truth is neither m n o r was ore less than this , that i t once a ri ch m ine o f w ore , hi ch su ppl ied the conti guous furnaces . A '

o f l . M detached cluster rocks , ca led St artin s , or the t do wn ~ n e ar Three Sis ers , skirt the ri ver in passing , w ’ W . M e h ich , at a short reach , called St arti n s ll , the s tream is su pposed to have a greater depth o f water A t o f than i n any other part . the extrem ity this ’ f n reach , rom a beautiful vale, king A rthur s plai

a n e . ag i presents itself, assuming a cast llated form

A tw o nmo u th H adno c k- . bout o miles short fMo . hou se ffi d o f . Dr. the residence the Re v Gri n , emands atten n o f tion . It is situated u po the edge of the Forest D w o f ean , and stands u pon the bro a hill , command w W in g a d e lightful v ie o f the meandering ye . H w ence a road ru ns parallel ith the river, along the

b ills . w base of the , to Monmouth A distant v ie of Mo n mo ur n the bridge and town o f soon appears, wi th the solitary ch urch o f Dixon upon the opposite o f bank th e river, e xc u rv From Mon mouth Mr . Ireland made an

R . R sion to AG LA N D CA STLE eturning, he resumed his w T h was passage d o n the Wye . e retrospect pleas i n o f w g ; i ncluding the spire the ch u rch , the to n , i‘ i . bridge, and surrou nd ng scene The h lls opposite to M K R the onmouth , are called the ymin ocks, su m i w m t o f hich is cro wned by the pavilion . This spot commands a most extensive an d diversified v iew. A b o u t o n e m ile further is an immense large rock, cal l e d m the Buck Stone . I t is situated u pon the extre e d e i so ed e ge of th hill, stand n g u pon a point equ i pois , 168 a s anr o n nsn rnn. that by the application of a small force it may be h n t M shaken . App roaching t e ju c io n o f the u nn o w w W e i o f l i s ith the y , the s de scenes th e atter n crea e s b o th w w i n richne s of ood and verdure , ith pleasi ng

A i w a. breaks i n the distance . l ttle belo this poi nt, w W e small river, called the Trotby, unites i th the y , flowing near a res pectable mansion called Troy f B w m house , possess ed by the duke o eaufort, to ho d it escended from Sir C harles Somerset.

’ a u A mid rich , be u tiful , an d fertile, tho gh h illy s Re db ro o k w cenery, reach , hich separates Monmou th f G lo c es te rshire w f o f n rom , here is a manu actory iro e w W and tin . H alf a mile b lo this place the ye re W B ceivas a small stream called hite b ro o k. eyond the w w th is spot river forms a grand s eep , flo ing into w two an abyss , bet een ranges of lofty hills , th i ckly overspread with woods . A t abou t the distance o f a m e B an ab o v e the il stands St . riavels, u pon eminence o f e astle indicate ri ver. The remai ns thi s that i t has g been o f co nside rable extent an d of great stre n th . It was M o f H o f built by iles, earl ereford , i n the reign

H . T h e f St . Briav el with F enry I custody o , the orest o f e was D an , granted to Joh n de Monmou th , i n the 1 ws o f s 8 th year o fking John . H ence the vi e the ur m r ound ing cou ntry are ex tens ive and beau tiful . Re B ’ W w turning to the boat, pass ig s ear, near hich e o f R o k w s fa stands the hous general o e , ho e grand ther c aptured Gibraltar ; and on the opposite side Pilse n

- r H ouse appears i n the back grou nd . Th ou gh a range o f beautiful scenery pass the extraordinary v o f L d U illage lan ogo, scattered amon g trees pon the s . e fo r s a ide of a hill H re the river m smooth bay, o ver wh i ch the vessels gl ide o r lay moored to take their H udnell’s r freight . T he u ndulatin g h ills called the e b r form a b autiful ackg ou nd to this charming scene .

e w C ad rthill W w e - o A littl belo is eir, h nce drop plea san tly down the s tream to another v illage called ’ B W wa C s o w. rook s ei r, half y from Monmou th to hep t Goods from the former place are here shipped and i n r co veyed i n large vessels to Bristol . The iver, i n an

‘ 170 n L nE t o a ns u rn n . w w ' d o wn and enrich ing the hi te and a ful c lifi b e lo w; ' The ad o in in g bridge i s calculated to add to t he ge e fi c t neral e of the landscape . From Chepsto w PI ERCE F I EL D may very con - f v e n ie ntl w h has ” y be visited ; a Spot to hi c nature y ~ been uncommonl y profuse, not onl i n the dispos i o f i w w w h tion the beaut ful slopes and avin g la ns hic . f n i~ orm the grou ds , but i n the extensi ve and d ivers w i e fi e d scenery h i ch str kes the ye from every po i nt . i w a M r . Ireland i n pass ng still further do n the stre m fou nd that the high i mpendi ng screen o f rocks o n o f d . each side the ri ver, rendered the passage e l i ghtful . A mong these he noti ced parti cularly the ‘ Red R w Clifi i at ocks , and H ard ick , as pecu l arly i In a tract ve . th e latter l rge apertures have been

o r 5 0 s n . dug, extending 40 yard from the e trance v ci re markab l w w I n this i nity is a fine ell of ater, whi ch gi ves th e name Th o rnwe to a b eau ti ful range o f w i o f a w k oods , adj oin ng the termi nation H rd ic ‘ ’ c lifi . Ew i w A t an s rocks, about a m le belo , the n w ; Severn breaks exte si vely to vie but at the i con W e o f B H fl ux of the y , or i n the v i cini ty EAC LEY (the

- o ld passage house) i t is seen to greater ad vantage . The » distant b ills o f Glo c es tershire and Somerse t? in e shire, b eau tifully intersectin g each other vari d w in and tints, hile tervening castles , v illages , man w sions of the ealthy, on the Opposite shore, richly w o diversify the hole . The distance com posed f

W - w harm alton bills , about 10 miles belo , breaks o n io u l K s y, form ing a happy termination across ing s road and the Bristol channel . H ence grou p of v h o f essels , constantly moored near the mout the

o f i , Bristol Avon , though at , the distance three m les are perfectly distingu ishable . M r C . oxe appears to have been m u ch gratified in “ r n f W e . T he perfo m”i g the navigation o the y B “ anks, he says , for the most part , rise abru ptly o f w r and w the edge the ate , are clothed i th forests i broken nto cliffs . In some places they approach so ‘ n w e ear, that the river Occupies the hole i nterm diate a c rr r ro 1 ! TOPOGRAP HIC A L n s n n . 7 w s pace, and noth i ng is seen but ood , rocks , and wa t h l e ter ; i n o hers , t ey a ternately rec de, and the o f eye catches an occasional glimpse hamlets , ru i ns , ' a o n and detached buildi ngs , partly se ted the mar o f r and o n gi n the st eam , partly scattered the risi ng n o f grounds . The ge eral character the scenery, w w we ho ever , is ildness and soli tude ; and i f except r the pop ulous district of Mon mouth , no ri ve per baps flows for so long a course th rough a well culti v ate d n t s o f w few cou ry , the bank hi ch e xhibit so

ta . C b habi tions on venien t vessels , adapted for old n the w h i ng eight perso s besides boatman , prov ided i t w d an d M an a n ing, may be had at H erefor onmouth .

M r. w o f Coxe d ells mu ch on the descri ption ‘ the C w ’ T h old ell Rocks and Symond s Gate or Yat . e w T latter is n o t less than feet above the ater . he river he re makes a si n gu lar turn ; fo r though the l n 600 a direct distance by and is not more tha y rds, w 4 e the course by ater exceeds mil s . In continui ng the navigation o f the Wye to Ti n

Mr. l e ro tern Abbey, Coxe particu arly noti c s the o f Re db ro o k mantic village , the ch urch and castle of

S t. Briav e l i o f , the beauti fully s tuated hamlet Llan ’ ‘ B W dogo, and rook s ei r . A t the latter place the i earan c e o f i r ver exhibits th e a p trade and act vity, 'and is the point where the mari ti me and internal c tio navigations form a jun n . Vessels from 30 to 90 B i f tons , from r stol and the Somersetsh i re ports; re w i i wh rc b quently lie h ere , a t ng for the tide , s el dom o w an h fl s to y considerable heig t abov e th is place . T he usual practi ce is to go from Hereford to Ross ‘ tb e nc e in w i n a carriage, and a boat to C hepsto ; bu t the beauti ful scenery o n the banks o f the Wye is r W t omitted . M . arner thi nks he re is no mode o f seeing the nu merous and v aried beauti es o f th i s ri ver so satis factori ly as by tracing its si n uositi es o n fo o t w ; and the follo i ng is the route he pursued .

C s W e - ros ed the y at Castle green , and struck through

the - Ro tb e w s t grounds and farm yard Of r a , an elegan o f m a il . D nedo r the y mansion y hill lay before, and P 2 172 u e ae r o a usu ran. R w it oman encampment, hich receives its name from , ‘ o n l w the eft . H e nce he took a fare ell v iew o f H ere, ' nd i s h ad o inin l ford a t neighbour ood , the g hi ls, and b l un h u d r the ack mo tain , t at stri king o n a y to the n - w i e an d w orth est, and enjoyed a divers fi d s eepin g s pro p ect to the opposite point . Our approach to Home cy was by a gradual descen t o f nearly o ne o hi m ile , through a ri ch pr ductive country . T s is o ne of the many houses bel onging to his grace the f d u ke o Norfolk . The older part of i t displays the ’ awkward style of El izabeth s time ; the more modern w s o f s u art a built abou t the beginn ing la t cent ry . s o ts ituati n is qu iet and retired , commanding a b eaut f d w i u l an confined vi e i n fron t . H ome - Lacy was for some centuries i n the ancient famil e f the m w o S t S y Scuda ores, h se ancestor, . cud r amo ris i i amo e , (so called from the scutum d v ni, wh i ch he took for h is arms) attended William the E i Conqueror i n his expe ditio n to ngland . Ph li p n l ath Scudamore , a d esce dant , settled here in the T century . his was the principal seat of the family w n t e v isc o u nt Sc u damo re till the y ear 1716, he h last

t hise nl i d a e . dying. the esta e vested in y ch l , a d u ght r C b us By harles Fitzroy Sc u damore, Esq . (her second s r w the ro band) she al o had a daughte , to hom et t he lat u p y descende d . This lad y marr ied t e (pke o f N - orfolk i n 1771, and added H ome Lacy to the i was pr ncely domains o f that nobleman. It the last v iscou nt Scudamore who rebuilt the greatest

o f - . was P part the manor house H e the friend of ope, who w frequently ooed the muses here . The good t u o l w tas e of the d ke f Norfo k, allo s the mansion to T he remain unaltered . family portraits , and elabo r to ate carvi ngs by Gibbons , but li ttle inferior those at P w C w o f i et orth and hats orth, are sti ll a part the r v m enerable ornaments . The apart ents are decorated w h a e n it many v luable pai ntings, by Vandyck, Jans , H o t t olbein , and her ar ists . H ere is a very capi tal i lo and e o f picture by Ham lton. of So mon , the Q ue n S e and is X i h ba ; Lo u III. and h s Q ueen , by Beaubru n,

U 4 n r n e r o ansn rnz .

‘ ‘ E e and an e K r le lizab th , ciently b longed to Sir Joh n y , o th o f R an ancestor f e Man oss .

Ho w- i To the village of Caple, the d irect path s t w c r w o m iles . l nclosed by a rea h of the iver belo ‘ w - e In e to n o ld . Fa l y , is g s house, an and spacious bri ck m n m a si on , long th e residence of the Hoskyns fa ily . W e n On the banks of the y , early opposite to Inges the W the ton , at a lace called H ole in all , are r 0 n o w emai ns an ancient bu ilding, the site is t o n e ar ly occupied by many cottages . Abou t mile pw w o n W e o f o er do n , the y , is another the ancient cam‘ ps wh ich form a chai n u pon the eminences in ‘ ‘ this r t p a o f the cou ntry . It occu pies the summit of Eaton Bill the entren ch ments are very perfect and e de p ; the area is culti vated . A farm - house at E aton displays vestiges of an ancient mansion ; the O grou nd abou t it is called the Park o f Eaton . p o site R w o fthe W e p to oss , on the est b ank y , are the

W - th u o f le . G o n u e r i ns i lton Cast o nrc C A STL E , ’ an cie n t fa il T bo n my seat of the al ts, rises u po the o k o f o f pposite ban the river, at the distance four m l W P B i es from ilton . roceedi ng to enshamFerry, a considerable sweep o f the ri ver is left which contains n o features particularly interesting . Agai n cross i n the W e o u a ath g y , y turn immediately into p t w hrou gh the meado s on its banks . H ere the scene w The Cold ell rocks , risi ng h t e righ t, alternately start w in . hich mantle their sides d display broad masses o f and by creeping lichens, W ’s l . nera tinges . H ence Mr arner course led h i m u p a steep an d winding ascen t to the ’ o f s u i . summit Symond rock, a st pendous prec pice H d w i s ence the river, j ust crosse , ith its cont guou '

a . In an i scenery, appears Spre d beneath oppos te th e Ne w W e ir - w ; d i rection are seen ‘ and iron orks f D wa a short and capricious turn o the river, the o rd r k o t t f f oc s, and a hu ge ins la ed crag, lit le in erior f? ' ff t n ew W r rt the cli from which it is seen. A the ei ' T dP OG R A P H ICA L o nsc arp r ro x. 175 is again n c essary to cross the ri ver to fol low its a mean ders . O n the right for more th n half a mi l e

wi - continues a bold steep ban k covered th beech trees . The Doward rocks consti tuting a very g rand fea o f W e n o w ture the y , begin to open , opposite to w ' h ich is a fine echo , from near a spreadi ng beech

o f w. T t tree , in the m iddle the meado his pa h l - R M o n mo ur n eads to the turnpike road from oss to , w w e i hich runs parallel ith the riv r for some d stance, c o mandin a lo rio us w o f W e P m g g vie the y . assing M W e n the bridge at on mouth over the y , and tur w n ear its ing into the meado s margin . at the dis a nce o f r l ittle better than half a m ile, the rive makes h w u e n ew anot er grand s eep to the righ t, and ass m s a character . Dismissing i ts rocks an d precipices . it rolls through lofty 310 ping hills thickly c overed with w wo o . aving ds All here is solemn , still , and sooth in w s g. A n agreeable variety, ho ever, soon occur , Redb ro o k ab us at the picturesque village of , y scen e, i v enlivened by active ndustry i n ariou s forms . W iteb ro o k h , another hamlet, presently su cceeds ; w o n to th e left of h ich , a commanding elevation , is ’ l o f S Bria w c hu c h and n t. v al s r . see the vil age , ith its s la v o f L w castle . The ingu r i llage landogo, hich n x th e e t opens, is disposed upon a lofty h ill , indent o f w w w w h ed side hich is mantled ith deep oods, it e x many small cottages interm i ngled . The river n t t to C ae rdithe l akes a sharp tu rn the left to , in a de scent of several feet in a distance o f half a mil e At o n lo u s l Bro o kswe r Se b o s the p vil age of a , the vern y aseen to receive the ladi ng of the Wye barges ; W rn r s w Mr. a e here left, for a short . time, the bank o f w w the river, to ind u p a narro lane for another mile . H e then attained the su mm it of a hill , from ' which a prospect appeared o f e xtrao rdinar rich ness

. o f { lando m and variety Behi nd , the fairy regions g V i a o f Bro o kswe a dee s the busy ll ge r, pl emb o omed in w o w v e s o d ; and the crystalline river, stu ded ith

. f w the sels I n front, the v illage o Tintern , ith fi f w ds diversi ed scenery o the dale i n hich it stan , 1 6 7 n unnr o n nsn rn z . and th e loft y ru i ns of i ts abbey: De scending the h ill and W W e M r . agai n across the y , arner proceeded to

a c o mfo rtab l l nn. the Beaufort Arms , e

MIN ERALS AN D FOSSILS .

Amon g the m i nerals are limestone, li ke marble, ’ n ear S no dhill C astle ; Fuller s Earth n ear Stoke ; M n Red i Re d arble ear Ledbury H emat te, Feldspar o f B Quartz , at th e foot the H erefordsh i re eacon , two a n mi les e st from Ledbu ry ; Gneiss , Sa dstone, z H o rnhle nde S te atite B at Gran ular Quart , , recci a,

H o l b ush - o f L y H ill , three miles south east edbury ; S M e Quartzose andstone, containing ica and impr s

‘ o f M Te re b ratu lil es Swin nit sions adreporites and , at L A r ilac e o u s H ill , three m iles from edbury ; g rock , i Po r ital containing Madrepor te, p , and turbinated Ma i in leadin or w l drepor te . a lane from Col al Green W o o b i to ych , f ur m iles fr m Led ury large l mestone ' quarries contain i ng calcareous spar wi th red Su l

a B E v e n to n . ph te of arytes and many shells . at Considerable quantities of saffron were fo rmerl y ro du c e d in t in th is county, and the gardens si uated n f r i the suburbs o H erefo d . T h is di d not escape the notice of ou r p ro v mc ial poet ’ C an Tmo lu s head Vie with our saffron odours 3 Its w culture, ho ever, has long been discontinued ' o f here, and pri nc ipally attended to in the counties E C a r c o l ssex and mb idge, but the pu rple crocu s { c fiic u m au tu mnalaJ wh ich belongs to the sixth cl ass o f ae s w b W e L i nn us , blo soms i n the meado s y the y ’ ' o f S . he c r c us satzv us i n th e month eptember T o , w ff r a hich produces sa ron , belongs to the th i d cl ss of

Linnmus .

END O F T H E R H TOPOG AP Y .

1 78 IND E X .

D yn mo re H ill H e n tland e re fo rd n o f H , a tiquity , E a o v a e o f 5 7— tlie a o h stn r, ill g , c p ital ft e E a o n M e ian k n do m t rc i g ,5 8 — E ato n camp e recti o n o f the c a m the d ral i — W E h e b . a ntrenc nts , anci , lls , t e and w h e n o e i . , gat s, t rs E e b e m de e E n o f 59— P lun th l rt ur r d xte t , ' E wias H aro ld village dered b y G ryfi yth o f W ‘ — o f ale s ib . F0rtifi e d , , — B wo o d b o d to. y y Har l , Ori in o fthe C as tl 6 g e , 0 of C e b e d 6 1 Fairs , list , astle d scri , , t 6 u s Fai h ho use s and c ut 2. C sto m an d a e s T e mi res 63 M O t g , m e an d h e e 6 5— b lo o d Far s , r nt size y rs at , y o f 4 b attle n ea 66 — li o w , 5 r, o o f D the 1 1 9 ua e in the C F rest ean , , sit t d ivil — o es B h 1 - 4 W 67 7 2 Catli e F rtr s, a ritis , 43 ars , ’ o e d a 7 a a F xl y 1 49 r l , 2 lter h n B o io o f the C a he Frenc ay, ear rist l 1 1 8 t ns t d l 7 n ra , 4 Ge eral G arnon s pl an o f the p re se nt G e C o C a he d 7b 83 er pp t ral , , ' G n o we w n C h b e lo n i n to le d r, O e apels g g , camp o f 83- 4 M o nume nts G o o i h C as 1 m n n 85— C o s dr c tle 1 3 re ai i g, l i ’ — n i) e rs B sho s 7 u o f i . 8 a ti q ity , t , the i p , ib e in B o n - a a e the Bi h descr d P l c , s ’ ’ n I ne ii) o s 88 re se n s r . er ti ra y p , P t o e s V i w d o m 1 1 M e m e s o f the C a bj ct e e fr , 6 b r G o o d c h o o r the d ral 89 C hu c ri , Pri ry, , r h ' Flanes fo rd e s 90— M o n a e , steri s an d Re o us ho se s lig i u , H acklu ts the 99 —3 C ha ab e y , , ri t l ’ H am to n o nr o un da o n s a t 94 p C t F ti , H ard wick - G e ne ral Infi rma H a w o r — Lit h A s re o d y , 96 atic y

lum 7 —~ w o n a o f M o nmo u h b . Ne C H rry t , , u h a e o f t a 96— C o n birt p l c , y H ll , u ty d e o f whc i re G ao W e cra l , e p l , 98 y se e d B d e at 99— A rv , ri g , , 1 IN D E X . 79

Page . — museme nts ih. Le d b h i p Chu , ury , rch

- - Ma e zb . ri o f 1 40 1 rk ts , P vi , le s an d Im o Len thall S ir Ro wl 1 5 ge pr ve , and , 9 — ’ me n 1 00- 1 I e r Le o m n s e 1 20 as ts , i t r, s o n o f e min n e e b L elan d s e c , d scribed y ,

b o n at 1 02— D a d 1 90- 1 Chu at r , vi rch , Ga r c W i m r o ne 1 8? r i k , llia P i ry ar , a a es rs 1 03 T o wn a o r But H v rd , q , , H ll ,

1 05 . te r C o e 1 93 “ l s , e fo d Li e 1 53 a e o f Wo h H re r , ttl , Pl c s rs i p ” efo o n 1 43 at h — M e s and Her rdshire Beac , i . ark t 1 44 H i o n e o f Le n twardine st ry, a ci nt the , village C o unty o m Lac s e at o f Lio n shall H l y, , o n 14 Limb ro o H p e E d 3 k village t o o H o e v e o f 1 95 Lo n to wne p , illag , g ’ o f m o f 1 06 Lo e s Le a H skyns , a ily , v r p , the, Ludfo rd Bri dge In ec o T Lu the R sp ti n able g, iver, Irc hinfi eld the L o , district ust n 0 L n i o f , y gen , v llage

I o - fo r n rge, the, I in e a o f the Ro d M e C o 1 2 t r ry a s adl y , r sses at , 5

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