Mode-Locking of a CW Laser
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An Application of the Theory of Laser to Nitrogen Laser Pumped Dye Laser
SD9900039 AN APPLICATION OF THE THEORY OF LASER TO NITROGEN LASER PUMPED DYE LASER FATIMA AHMED OSMAN A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Physics. UNIVERSITY OF KHARTOUM FACULTY OF SCIENCE DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS MARCH 1998 \ 3 0-44 In this thesis we gave a general discussion on lasers, reviewing some of are properties, types and applications. We also conducted an experiment where we obtained a dye laser pumped by nitrogen laser with a wave length of 337.1 nm and a power of 5 Mw. It was noticed that the produced radiation possesses ^ characteristic^ different from those of other types of laser. This' characteristics determine^ the tunability i.e. the possibility of choosing the appropriately required wave-length of radiation for various applications. DEDICATION TO MY BELOVED PARENTS AND MY SISTER NADI A ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my deep gratitude to my supervisor Dr. AH El Tahir Sharaf El-Din, for his continuous support and guidance. I am also grateful to Dr. Maui Hammed Shaded, for encouragement, and advice in using the computer. Thanks also go to Ustaz Akram Yousif Ibrahim for helping me while conducting the experimental part of the thesis, and to Ustaz Abaker Ali Abdalla, for advising me in several respects. I also thank my teachers in the Physics Department, of the Faculty of Science, University of Khartoum and my colleagues and co- workers at laser laboratory whose support and encouragement me created the right atmosphere of research for me. Finally I would like to thank my brother Salah Ahmed Osman, Mr. -
Self Amplified Lock of a Ultra-Narrow Linewidth Optical Cavity
Self Amplified Lock of a Ultra-narrow Linewidth Optical Cavity Kiwamu Izumi,1, ∗ Daniel Sigg,1 and Lisa Barsotti2 1LIGO Hanford Observatory, PO Box 159 Richland, Washington 99354, USA 2LIGO laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachussetts 02139, USA compiled: January 8, 2016 High finesse optical cavities are an essential tool in modern precision laser interferometry. The incident laser field is often controlled and stabilized with an active feedback system such that the field resonates in the cavity. The Pound-Drever-Hall reflection locking technique is a convenient way to derive a suitable error signal. However, it only gives a strong signal within the cavity linewidth. This poses a problem for locking a ultra-narrow linewidth cavity. We present a novel technique for acquiring lock by utilizing an additional weak control signal, but with a much larger capture range. We numerically show that this technique can be applied to the laser frequency stabilization system used in the Laser Interferometric Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) which has a linewidth of 0.8 Hz. This new technique will allow us to robustly and repeatedly lock the LIGO laser frequency to the common mode of the interferometer. OCIS codes: (140.3425), (140.3410) http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/XX.99.099999 High finesse optical cavities have been an indispens- nonlinear response [8, 9] dominant and thus hinder the able tool for precision interferometry to conduct rela- linear controller. tivistic experiments such as gravitational wave detection Gravitational wave observatories deploy kilometer [1{3] and optical clocks [4]. The use of a high finesse cav- scale interferometers with extremely narrow linewidth. -
020-101363-04 LIT MAN USER CP42LH.Book
User Manual 020-101363-04 CP42LH NOTICES COPYRIGHT AND TRADEMARKS Copyright © 2019 Christie Digital Systems USA Inc. All rights reserved. All brand names and product names are trademarks, registered trademarks or trade names of their respective holders. GENERAL Every effort has been made to ensure accuracy, however in some cases changes in the products or availability could occur which may not be reflected in this document. Christie reserves the right to make changes to specifications at any time without notice. Performance specifications are typical, but may vary depending on conditions beyond Christie's control such as maintenance of the product in proper working conditions. Performance specifications are based on information available at the time of printing. Christie makes no warranty of any kind with regard to this material, including, but not limited to, implied warranties of fitness for a particular purpose. Christie will not be liable for errors contained herein or for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the performance or use of this material. Canadian manufacturing facility is ISO 9001 and 14001 certified. WARRANTY Products are warranted under Christie’s standard limited warranty, the complete details of which are available by contacting your Christie dealer or Christie. In addition to the other limitations that may be specified in Christie’s standard limited warranty and, to the extent relevant or applicable to your product, the warranty does not cover: a. Problems or damage occurring during shipment, in either direction. b. Projector lamps (See Christie’s separate lamp program policy). c. Problems or damage caused by use of a projector lamp beyond the recommended lamp life, or use of a lamp other than a Christie lamp supplied by Christie or an authorized distributor of Christie lamps. -
Simultaneous Intensity Profiling of Multiple Laser Beams Using the Bladecam-XHR Camera
Simultaneous Intensity Profiling of Multiple Laser Beams Using the BladeCam-XHR Camera Shaun Pacheco College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona Rongguang Liang College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona Rocco Dragone Vice President of Engineering, DataRay, Inc. Real-Time Profiling of Multiple Laser Beams There are several applications where the parallel processing of multiple beams can significantly decrease the overall time needed for the process. Intensity profile measurements that can characterize each of those beams can lead to improvements in that application. If each beam had to be characterized individually, the process would be very time consuming, especially for large numbers of beams. This white paper describes how the BladeCam-XHR can be used to simultaneously measure the intensity profile measurements for multiple beams by measuring the diffraction pattern from a diffraction grating and the intensity profile from a 3x3 fiber array focused using a 0.5 NA objective. Diffraction Gratings Diffraction gratings are periodic optical components that diffract an incident beam into several outgoing beams. The grating profile determines both the angle of the diffracted beam modes and the efficiency of light sent into each of those modes. Grating fabrication errors or a change in the incident wavelength can significantly change the performance of a diffraction grating. The BladeCam- XHR, Figure 1, can be used to measure the point spread function (PSF) of each mode, the relative efficiency of each mode and the spacing between diffraction modes. Figure 1 BladeCam-XHR Using the BladeCam-XHR for Diffraction Grating Evaluation The profiling mode in the DataRay software can be used to evaluate the performance of a diffraction grating. -
Applications of Laser Spectroscopy Constitute a Vast Field, Which Is Difficult to Spectroscopy Cover Comprehensively in a Review
LASERS & OPTICS 151 many cases non-destructively. A variety of beam manipulation schemes are avail able for the irradiation of samples either directly or after preparation. The unique properties of laser radiation in terms of coherence, intensity and directionality permit remote chemical sensing, where the analytical equipment and the sample are separated by large distances, even of several kilometres. Absorption, and in particular differential absorption, can be utilised in long-path measurements, whereas elastic and inelastic backscatter- ing as well as fluorescence can be used for range-resolved radar-like measure ments (LIDAR: light detection and rang ing). Laser light can also be efficiently transported in optical fibres to remotely located measurement sites. Various prop erties of the fibre itself influence the laser light propagating through the fibre, thus Applications of Laser forming a basis for fibre optic sensors. Applications of laser spectroscopy constitute a vast field, which is difficult to Spectroscopy cover comprehensively in a review. Rather than attempting such a review, examples from a variety of fields are cho Costas Fotakis sen for illustrating the power of applied University of Crete, Greece laser spectroscopy. Sune Svanberg Lund Institute of Technology, Sweden Applications in Analytical Chemistry Laser spectroscopy is making a major impact in many traditional fields of ana As the new millennium approaches the Above The Italian research vessel Urania, carrying a lytical spectroscopy. For instance, opto- know how in the field of laser-matter Swedish laser radar system, which has sailed under the galvanic spectroscopy on analytical smoky plumes of Sicilian volcanos in Italy measuring the interactions has matured to the stage of sulphur dioxide content flames increases the sensitivity of enabling several exciting real life applica absorption and emission flame spec tions. -
Hair Reduction by Laser
Ames Locations To Eldora, Iowa Falls, McFarland Clinic North Ames Story City, Urgent Care Webster City Treatment McFarland Clinic (3815 Stange Rd.) Bloomington Road McFarland Clinic Physical Therapy - Somerset West Ames e. (2707 Stange Rd., Suite 102) 24th Street Av f e. Duf Av You should not use any Accutane (a prescribed oral US 69 Ontario Street 13th Street Grand 13th Street acne medication) or gold medications (for arthritis) McFarland Clinic (1215 Duff) MGMC - North Addition for six months prior to a treatment. You should William R. Bliss Cancer Center 12th Street Stange Road . e. Mary Greeley Medical Center (MGMC) McFarland Eye Center not use retinoids (e.g. Retin A, Fifferin, Differin, Av (1111 Duff Ave.) (1128 Duff) e. 11th Street Ramp Av McFarland Family Avita, Tazorac), alpha-hydroxy acid moisturizers, Medicine East Hyland St Medical Arts Building (1018 Duff) To Boone, Carroll I-35 bleaching creams (hydroquinone) or chemical peels Iowa State (1015 Duff) Jefferson N. Dakota Marshall University for two weeks prior to a treatment. Do not pluck the Lincoln Way Lincoln Way Express Care Express Care hairs, wax or use depilatories or electrolysis for six e. (3800 Lincoln Way) (640 Lincoln Way) weeks prior to a treatment. Av McFarland Clinic West Ames Hy-Vee (3600 Lincoln Way) Hy-Vee e. Av ff You may be asked to shave the area prior to your S. Dakota To Nevada, Du first treatment appointment. You may also be Marshalltown prescribed a topical anesthetic (numbing) cream to Highway 30 help reduce any discomfort the laser may cause. Blvd University First Treatment: The laser will be used to treat the N areas by your dermatologist or one of the trained Oakwood Road Airport Road dermatology staff. -
HD DVD: Manufacturing Was Developed.This Recorder Is Equipped with a 257Nm Gas Laser (Frequency Doubled Ar+ Laser)
paper r& white d Six years ago, the LDM 3692 DUV recorder HD DVD: Manufacturing was developed.This recorder is equipped with a 257nm gas laser (frequency doubled Ar+ laser). All options with regards to future for- mats were still open at that time.The recorder features two recording spots, with a wobble The New Format option on both. This recorder is an adequate R&D tool to record HD DVD. BY DR. DICK VERHAART, from 740nm to 400nm. To read these smaller For HD DVD stamper manufacturing, a Singulus Mastering information structures, it is necessary to use recorder with a 266nm solid state laser was PETER KNIPS, blue diode lasers with a wavelength of 405nm developed. This system contains a stable and Singulus EMould instead of the 650nm red lasers used for CD easy to operate solid state laser, with a much DIETER WAGNER, and DVD. longer lifetime than the gas laser. As all pro- Singulus Technologies AG An advanced copy protection system will posed next-generation formats require only The third generation of optical disc formats is give better protection than what was avail- one spot, the system has a single recording set to arrive on the market by the end of this able for CD and DVD with mandatory serializ- spot. Spot deflection, required to create the year.As with Blu-ray Disc, the HD DVD format ing of each single HD DVD. The serialization groove wobble in the recordable and was developed to tremendously increase the will take place on the aluminum covered layer rewritable formats, is available as an option. -
Pulsed/Cw Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
PULSED/CW NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE “The Second Generation of TeachSpin’s Classic” • Explore NMR for both Hydrogen (at 21 MHz) and Fluorine Nuclei • Magnetic Field Stabilized to 1 part in 2 million • Homogenize Magnetic Field with Electronic Shim Coils • Quadrature Phase-Sensitive Detection with 1° Phase Resolution • Direct Measurement of Spin-Spin and Spin-Lattice Relaxation Times • Carr-Purcell and Meiboom-Gill Pulse Sequences • Observe Chemical Shifts in both Hydrogen and Fluorine Liquids • Compare Pulsed and Continuous Wave NMR Detection • Study Pulsed and CW NMR in Solids • Built-in Lock-In Detection and Magnetic Field Sweeps Instruments Designed For Teaching PULSED/CW NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE The 21 MHz Digital Synthesizer produces rf power in both INTRODUCTION pulsed and cw formats. There is sufficient rf power to produce Nuclear Magnetic Resonance has been an important research a π/2 pulse in about 2.5 microseconds. It also produces the tool for physics, chemistry, biology, and medicine since its discov- reference signals (in 1° phase steps) for the quadrature detectors. ery simultaneously by E. Purcell and F. Bloch in 1946. In the The Pulse Programmer digitally creates the pulsed sequences of 1970’s, pulsed NMR became the dominant paradigm for reasons various pulse lengths, number of pulses, time between pulses, and your students will discover using the apparatus described in this repetition times. The Lock-In/Field Sweep provides a wide range brochure, TeachSpin’s second generation of our classic PS1-A&B. of magnetic field sweeps, as well as a lock-in detection system for This new unit was designed in response to requests for additional examining weak cw NMR signals from solids. -
New Waveguide-Type HOM Damper for the ALS Storage Ring RF Cavities
Proceedings of EPAC 2004, Lucerne, Switzerland NEW WAVEGUIDE-TYPE HOM DAMPER FOR ALS STORAGE RING CAVITIES*. S.Kwiatkowski, K. Baptiste, J. Julian LBL, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA Abstract The ALS storage ring 500 MHz RF system uses two re-entrant accelerating cavities powered by a single This effect could be compensated by adding a second 320kW PHILLIPS YK1305 klystron. During several vacuum pump if necessary (which would pump the cavity years of initial operation, the RF cavities were not via the power coupler port). The cut-off frequency for the equipped with effective passive HOM damper systems, lowest TE mode (TE11 mode) of the single ridge circular however, longitudinal beam stability was achieved with waveguide, used in our damper, is 890MHz and the total careful cavity temperature control and by implementing length is 600mm. The single ridge geometry of the an active longitudinal feedback system (LFB), which was waveguide was chosen as it allows to dump both often operating at the edge of its capabilities. As a result, symmetrical and nonsymmetrical HOM’s. longitudinal beam stability was a significant operations issue at the ALS. During three consecutive shutdown DESIGN PROCESS periods (April2002, 2003 and 2004) we installed E-type The design process of the new ALS damper took HOM dampers on the main and third harmonic cavities. several steps. First with the help of 2-D SUPERLANS These devices dramatically decreased the Q-values of the code, the main parameters of the longitudinal HOM longitudinal anti-symmetric HOM modes. The next step spectrum have been determined. Then the cross-section of is to damp the remaining longitudinal HOM modes in the the HOM damper waveguide was optimized with the help fundamental RF cavities below the synchrotron radiation of HFSS S11 processor. -
Argon-Ion and Helium-Neon Lasers
Argon-Ion and Helium- Neon Lasers The one source for gas lasers What makes Lumentum the choice for argon-ion and helium-neon (HeNe) lasers? Whether you are involved in medical research, semiconductor manufacturing, high-speed printing, or Your Source for another demanding application, we have the expertise, commitment, and technology to ensure you get the best solution for your need. With more than 35 years of experience, we have an unmatched Successful gas laser production requires extraordinary care understanding of the gas laser market. That understanding has during the manufacturing process. Every individual throughout led us to devote extensive resources to help establish a premier, each production stage, from engineering and procurement to Gas Lasers high-volume manufacturing facility. Located in Thailand, the manufacturing and quality control, is attuned to the highly facility produces lasers of the highest standard. And we maintain sensitive nature of the applications for which these products are that standard through regional quality management, on-site used. Consequently, we can assure the steady supply of quality supplier quality engineering, and regular quality audits. products to our customers around the globe. Our products are being used in customers’ new systems and as replacement components in the large installed base of existing systems. 2 3 Key Gas Laser Applications Known for their longevity and predictable electrical and optical performance characteristics, our lasers are being used in a wide variety of applications. Medical Research University, medical, and government laboratories on the cusp of new discoveries rely on instruments designed with Lumentum argon-ion and HeNe lasers for cell mapping, genome analysis, and DNA sequencing. -
Power Build-Up Cavity Coupled to a Laser Diode
I POWER BUILD-UP CAVITY COUPLED I TO A LASER DIODE Daniel J. Evans I Center of Excellence for Raman Technology University of Utah I Abstract combination of these elements will emit photons at different frequencies. The ends of these semiconductor In many Raman applications there is a need to devices are cleaved to form mirrors that bounce the I detect gases in the low ppb range. The desired photons back and forth within the cavity. The photons sensitivity can be achieved by using a high power laser excite more electrons, which form more photons source in the range of tens of watts. A system (referred to as optical pumping). 2 A certain portion of I combining a build-up cavity to enhance the power and the photons emit through the front and back cleaved an external cavity laser diode setup to narrow the surfaces of the laser diode. The amount of photons that bandwidth can give the needed power to the Raman get through the cleaved surfaces can be adjusted by I spectroscopy system. coating the surface or installing other mirrors. Introduction to Laser Diodes The planar cleaved surfaces of the laser diode form a Fabry-Perot cavity with set resonance frequencies I An important characteristic of all lasers is the (vp).3 The typical laser diode has a spacing of 150 f.1I11 mode structure. The mode structure refers to both the with an index of refraction of 3.5, yielding a resonance lasing frequency and the spatial characteristics of the frequency of 285 GHz. The wavelength spacing (~A.) I laser. -
Absorption and Wavelength Modulation Spectroscopy of NO2 Using a Tunable, External Cavity Continuous Wave Quantum Cascade Laser
Absorption and wavelength modulation spectroscopy of NO2 using a tunable, external cavity continuous wave quantum cascade laser Andreas Karpf* and Gottipaty N. Rao Department of Physics, Adelphi University, Garden City, New York 11530, USA *Corresponding author: [email protected] Received 16 September 2008; revised 5 December 2008; accepted 9 December 2008; posted 10 December 2008 (Doc. ID 101685); published 9 January 2009 The absorption spectra and wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS) of NO2 using a tunable, external cavity CW quantum cascade laser operating at room temperature in the region of 1625 to 1645 cm−1 are reported. The external cavity quantum cascade laser enabled us to record continuous absorption spectra −1 of low concentrations of NO2 over a broad range (∼16 cm ), demonstrating the potential for simulta- neously recording the complex spectra of multiple species. This capability allows the identification of a particular species of interest with high sensitivity and selectivity. The measured spectra are in excellent agreement with the spectra from the high-resolution transmission molecular absorption database [J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 96, 139–204 (2005)]. We also conduct WMS for the first time using an external cavity quantum cascade laser, a technique that enhances the sensitivity of detection. By employing WMS, we could detect low-intensity absorption lines, which are not visible in the simple ab- sorption spectra, and demonstrate a minimum detection limit at the 100 ppb level with a short-path ab- sorption cell. Details of the tunable, external cavity quantum cascade laser system and its performance are discussed. © 2009 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: 000.2170, 010.1120, 120.6200, 280.3420, 300.1030, 300.6340.