Books Are the Products of Many Hands, and This Work Certainly Benefited from the Contributions of Many People. Nearly Two Dozen

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Books are the products of many hands, and this Two corporate histories, one published in 1966 Lynn Porter sent manuscripts to reviewers and work certainly benefited from the contributions and the other, A Century of Light, written by R.E. hounded them for comments. Dale Jahr provided of many people. “Dint” Furois in 1989, provided considerable perspective on the investment community. From background on the company’s early years. Jane airports, Kyle White checked in with answers to Nearly two dozen current and former employees Mobley’s fine bookPower: the Story of Missouri historical questions and words of encouragement. and board members agreed to be interviewed for Public Service was also helpful. the project, including: Roxann Basham, Dale Vantage Point consultant, Johanna Blume, Clement, Don Dubej, David Emery, Jim Emery, Staff at various repositories provided images and processed records stored in various locations. She Linn Evans, John Howard, Everett Hoyt, Dale information including: Arlette Hansen at the was helped considerably in her work by Jennifer Jahr, Kay Jorgensen, Charlie & Irene Klueber, Dan Adams Museum, Carolyn Weber at the Homestake Romero-Douglas and Marie Johnson on Alexa Landguth, Larry Likewise, George Locke, Mark Adams Research Center, Reid Riner at the Stulken’s team in Records Compliance. Lux, Jim Mattern, Tom Ohlmacher, Joe and Vicki Minnilusa Pioneer Museum ( Journey Museum), Rovere, John Schunneman, Mark Thies, Kyle Steven Wilson at Ellsworth Air Force Base, Patti At Vantage Point, Craig Chapman conscientiously White, and Jim Williams. Many of these folks also Anderson at the Devereaux Library (SDSM&T) transcribed the interviews. Jan Tippett copyedited read and commented on drafts of the manuscript. and Lori Carpenter and Matthew Reitzel at the the manuscript. Sam Hurst thoughtfully critiqued They were joined in this effort by Steve Helmers, South Dakota History Center. Rodger Slott a draft. Lois Facer was a partner and collaborator Tori Campbell, Penny Schild and Joel Hart. photographed artifacts. At Great Plains Energy, throughout the research, writing and production. Ellen Fairchild obtained permission to use images Mike Palmer did a remarkable job with the design Many employees went out of their way to help. from Missouri Public Service. of a book that grew considerably under his wary In the Rapid City warehouse, Terry Hill and his eye, yet he never complained. team helped find papers and artifacts that had Some people within the corporation had been saved by forward-thinking employees. In particularly important parts to play. In Corporate Thanks to the entire executive team at Black Hills the Meter Lab, Randy Leinen, Matt Parette and Communications Barbara Zar served as project Corporation for their encouragement during this Darrell McNabb identified the vintage of various manager. Nicole Schrubb helped connect us process, especially to CEO David Emery who meters that are used as illustrations in the book. with people to get information we needed. Max read each draft carefully and commented in ways At Wyodak, Jim Williams guided the author on a Carlson worked closely on the design of the that improved the accuracy of the book without tour of the mine and made historic photographs book. Jason Ketchum, Patrick Morrison and Lynn changing the substance of the story. Needless to and documents available. Wilson provided information on Aquila’s history. say, any errors that remain are entirely mine.

203 Acknowledgements The following endnotes reference sources for all direct quotes in the text from internal and external sources and interviews conducted by the author. In addition, where possible, individuals in group photos used in the book are also identified. A fully-referenced version ENDNOTES of a late draft of this book is in the Black Hills Corporation Archives. Cover PHOTO: Deadwood 1876 Illustrated History of Black Hills Company: A dream in the 1880’s 27 “..like a young Niagara…” [George Power and Light Company (Rapid to a reality in the 1960’s,” (Rapid B. Mansfield?], “The Dakota v PHOTO: Deadwood 1876 City, SD: Black Hills Corporation, City, SD: Black Hills Power and Power Company,” photocopy 1989), v. Light Company, n.d.), 3. of typescript, n.d. Black Hills 2 PHOTO: Chief Big Foot (Si Corporation Archives. Thanka) before the Wounded Knee 8 PHOTO: Miners at the open cut in 15 “Considerable talk is heard…” Massacre. Lead in 1888. “Electricity,” Black Hills Journal, 27 “...in a sky-lighted room…” The Oct. 26, 1886, 1. introduction to the Mansfield 2 Black Elk, Black Elk Speaks (New 8 Undated article from Rapid City profile inLamplighter says Dakota York: MJF Books, 1972 ed.), 43. Journal included in scrapbook CHL 15 “...disappointed from night to Power was organized in 1906. In 100-CHL199, Minnilusa Pioneer night.” “Let There Be Light,”Black the section quoting Mansfield, 4 “...as though the sun…” Black Hills Museum/Journey Museum. Hills Journal, Nov. 12, 1886, 1. he writes that it was February Daily Times, December 15, 1883, 3. 1907. In [George B. Mansfield?], 10 “...was often seen seated…” 19 “...to put in a gigantic electrical “The Dakota Power Company,” 4 “...the dark valley of the Watson Parker, Gold in the Black plant...” “In the Mining Region,” photocopy of typescript, n.d. Whitewood…” Black Hills Daily Hills (Pierre, SD: Centennial The Wall Street Journal, Nov. 27, Black Hills Corporation Archives. Times, Sept. 7, 1883. Distributors, 1966), 95. 1899. Mansfield says the group met in March, 1907. “George Mansfield,” 4 “...in a cask so large…” Black Hills 13 “...introduce lights into all the 22 PHOTO: Wells Fargo gold profile taken from theLamplighter Daily Times, Dec. 20, 1883, 3. towns…” Black Hills Daily Times, transport in 1890. (June 1948), reproduced in “Black Jan. 1, 1884, 3. Hills Power and Light Company: A 4 “The achinem worked evenly and 22 “Everyone had faith in the Dream in the 1880’s to a reality in perfectly,” Black Hills Daily Times, 14 “...for whatever else the citizens of future…” George B. Mansfield, the 1960’s,” (Rapid City, SD: Black December 15, 1883, 3. Rapid…” Black Hills Daily Times, “Reminiscences of Early Days in Hills Power and Light Company, Feb.16, 1886, 2. the Black Hills: Rapid City, 1883- n.d.), 29. 5 “...hard at work all the time…” 1886,” manuscript, n.d. Black Hills Black Hills Daily Times, December 15 “This is a great step forward…” Corporation Archives. 27 “A large force of engineers…” Ibid. 20, 1883, 3. “The Electric Light,”Black Hills Journal, Aug. 26, 1886, 1. The 26 “Everyone had faith…” Ibid. 28 “With rumors in circulation…” 5 “...very imperfect. It ‘flickered’ as company is called the Rapid City Ibid. though possessed…” R.E. “Dint” Electric and Gas Light Company 27 “We realized a great mistake…” Furois, A Century of Light: An in “Black Hills Power and Light Ibid. 28 “…lolled in the shade…” Weekly

204 Endnotes ENDNOTES Journal, July 12, 1912, reproduced 41 “…pressure [was] put on all 44 PHOTO: Service club visiting 52 “…lumber mills, feldspar plants, in “Black Hills Power and Light employees…” Harry K. Hartley, ordinance depot in Provo, SD bentonite plants…” Black Hills Company: A Dream in the 1880’s “Recollections,” 4, typescript, during World War II. Power and Light, 1947 Annual to a reality in the 1960’s,” (Rapid Black Hills Corporation archives. Report, 3. City, SD: Black Hills Power and 44 “Maybe tomorrow the bells Light Company, n.d.), 15. 41 “Since there was no electric will ring…” Anonymous. This 55 “We began looking for a operating company…” “J.B. French” poem appears on the last page location…” Black Hills Power 28 “…water enough to supply one…” Profile from notes written by of Black Hills Power and Light and Light Company, 1948 Harry K. Hartley, “Recollections,” J.B. French in September 1966 Company, First Annual Report Annual Report, 14. 2, typescript, Black Hills in “Black Hills Power and Light to Stockholders, 1942. No author Corporation archives. Company: A Dream in the 1880’s is credited. An Internet search 55 “…practically insures continuity of to a reality in the 1960’s,” (Rapid for the poem did not turn up any service.” Allan Arnold, “The Story 29 “There was no money in the City, SD: Black Hills Power and reference. of a Line,” in Black Hills Power and treasury…” [George B. Mansfield?], Light Company, n.d.), 30-31. Light, 1948 Annual Report, 18- “The Dakota Power Company,” 50 “…was quite a blow to us…” J.B. 19. photocopy of typescript, n.d. Black 42 “…very careful to see that our French to Charles Henry Scott, Hills Corporation Archives, 3. entire organization…” J.B. French, Jr., Nov. 6, 1942 in File: Chas. 56 “Since the Company is presently “Report on Franchise Election for Henry Scott, Misc – 1941 in using less than 400 thousand tons 35 “…the policy of public…” Calvin The Dakota Power Company, June Folder: Stock Offerings 1941- per year…” J.B. French, “To the Coolidge, “Inaugural Address,” 29th, 1937,” 1. Box 1655, Black 42 in Box F19, Black Hills Stockholders of Black Hills Power March 4, 1925 at www.bartleby. Hills Corporation Archives. Corporation Archives and Light Company,” Aug. 21, com/124/pres47.html (accessed 1956. June 4, 2008). 42 “…to carry out a program that won 52 “Homestake officials are of the for us the confidence…” Ibid. opinion…” Black Hills Power and 58 “He didn’t have a nickel to his 39 “Electricity is no longer a luxury…” Light Company, 1944 Annual name.” Telephone interview with Cited in David C. Coyle, Electric 43 (sidebar) “…big city managers Report, 2. Roger Simpson, by Eric John Power on the Farm: The Story of had no idea how to deal with Abrahamson, June 6, 2008. Electricity, its Usefulness on Farms, people from rural communities.” 52 “…begin to put into effect some of and the Movement to Electrify Jane Mobley, Power: the Story of the plans…” J.B. French, “To the 58 “…which gives his dome a Yul Rural American (Washington, Missouri Public Service (Kansas Stockholders of Black Hills Power Brynner appearance…” “Jabs and D.C.: Rural Electrification City, MO: Missouri Public and Light Company,” Aug. 16, Bottles,” Rapid City Daily Journal, Administration, 1936.) Service, 1992), 28. 1945. September 30, 1957.

205 Endnotes ENDNOTES 59 “Hi, Baldy…” Ibid. Daily Journal, Jan. 19, 1959. Power and Light Company,” Nov. Folks,” advertisement, Hot Springs See also Neil G. Simpson, “To 23, 1960, 1. Star, Sept. 3, 1964. 59 “…long-range planning…” Black the Stockholders of Black Hills Hills Power and Light, Press Power and Light Company,” Feb. 69 “…keep a hands-off policy…” 76 “I cannot see any justification…” Release, April 17, 1957. 25, 1959, 2. “Black Hills Power and Light May “Power Company President States Be Unionized,” Rapid City Daily REA Used Politics To Get Power 59 “…our total employees…” Black Hills 66 “…socialistic…” “Davenport Urges Journal, April 6, 1955. Contract,” Queen City Mail, Sept. Power and Light, Press Release, Politics Be Kept Out of Cement 28, 1961. November 4, 1954. Plant,” Rapid City Daily Journal, 69 “It is my firm belief…” Black Hills Nov. 4, 1959. Power and Light, News Release, 77 “Those planners are the leftist- 60 PHOTO: Army air base officers May 9, 1956. types…” Ibid. in the Rapid City Journal, 1942. 66 “…one of the most glaring examples…” “BHP&L Breaks 70 “…substantially…more efficient 78 “…tend naturally to divert 60 “It’s unfair to the people of this Ground for Plant,” Rapid City use of our generation…” Neil G. management…” “Stock Options area…” “BHP&L Breaks Ground Daily Journal, April 30, 1959. Simpson, “To the Stockholders Conflict With Public Utility’s for Plant,” Rapid City Daily of Black Hills Power and Light Duties, FPC Rules,” The Wall Journal, April 30, 1959. 66 “…socialistic and communistic…” Company,” Aug. 21, 1959, 1. Street Journal, July 1, 1964. “Crouch Replies to Simpson in 63 “…pretty well made up its mind.” Lions Address,” Rapid City Daily 71 “…the largest single enterprise…” 80 “…everyone’s energy in running “French Outlines Power Proposal Journal, January 1960. “More Power To ‘Em,” Rapid City it is wasted…” “A Race That Benefitting Hills,”Rapid City Daily Journal, April 29, 1959. Nobody Wins,” Advertisement, Journal, Nov. 3, 1953. 67 “…two-fifths of the power…” Ibid. Rapid City Journal, Week of 73 “To assure continuing and adequate Oct. 14, 1963. 64 “Unless we move fast…” “Power 67 “…so long as they remain service…” Black Hills Power and Committee Named by Governor,” within areas …” “Simpson Urges Light, News Release, Feb. 10, 1958. 80 “…the state was becoming divided…” Rapid City Daily Journal, July 2, Interest in Political Affairs,” “Electric Power Territorial Dispute 1955. Rapid City Daily Journal, 74 “He was in charge of everything…” Is Hot Item,” Rapid City Daily February 1960. Interview with Joe Rovere by Eric Journal, Jan. 7, 1969. 65 “…the realm of discrimination.” John Abrahamson, Dec. 5, 2007. “Herseth Considering Public 67 “…negligible…was not dependable 81 “We have given electric and gas Power to Run South Dakota enough…” Neil G. Simpson, “To 76 “Black Hills Power and Light utilities a quasi-monopoly and Cement Plant,” Rapid City the Stockholders of Black Hills Company will work…” “Thanks no protection…” “Farrar Plans To

206 Endnotes ENDNOTES Push For Utility Controls,” Rapid “Eyewitness reports from area 93 “I’ve just been on the phone…” and Restructuring in the City Daily Journal, Jan. 31, 1969. of dam,” Minneapolis Tribune, Ibid. American Electric Utility System reprinted in Rapid City Journal, (Cambridge, MA: The MIT 82 “…selling out…” “Consumer June 26, 1972, F11. 94 “He was a classy old guy.” Interview Press, 1999), 60. Council Bill Passes House, 44- with Everett Hoyt by Eric John 30,” Rapid City Daily Journal, 86 “We had to make an inventory…I Abrahamson, Dec. 7, 2007. 99 “…a somewhat frumpy middle-aged Feb. 18, 1969. learned a life lesson.” Interview ballerina…” Cited in Christopher with Daniel Landguth by Eric 95 “…finally put to rest…” Terry J. Castaneda and Clarance M. 82 “…badgered him in hearings…” John Abrahamson, Dec. 20, Woster, “Public Utilities Smith, Gas Pipelines and the “Utilities Causing Grief for 2007. Commission Proposes First of 3 Emergence of America’s Regulatory Farrar,” Rapid City Daily Journal, Sets of Regulatory Rules,” Argus State: A History of Panhandle Feb. 20, 1969. 87 “Many have asked, ‘How might we Leader, May 22, 1975. Eastern Corporation, 1928- help?’…” “BHP&L Brochure Tells 1993 (Cambridge: Cambridge 82 “…pivotal… make or break…” Stockholders Hills Are Okay,” Hot 95 “…the employees seemed to feel University Press, 1996), 188. “Consumer Council is Pivotal Springs Star, July 13, 1972. better…” Interview with Joe Issue,” Rapid City Daily Journal, Rovere by Eric John Abrahamson, 100 “…one of the most challenging years… March 5, 1969. 88 PHOTO: Hotpoint ovens in the Dec. 5, 2007. caused a tremendous increase…” appliance showroom at 621 Sixth Black Hills Power and Light 82 “…colluding…” “Representatives Street in the 1960s. 96 “…consideration of who will Company, 1974 Annual Report, 2. McKenzie and Kime Defend supply…” “State, BHP&L reach Their Vote on Gas and Electric 88 “As this new unit…” “BHP&L’s compromise on wheeling power 101 “…it was affecting their Bill,” Gregory Times-Advocate, New $6 Million Wyodak Generator to Tech,” Rapid City Journal, pocketbook…” Interview with March 6, 1969. Uses Minimum Water,” Rapid City Feb. 14, 1973. Daniel Landguth by Eric John Journal, Nov. 1, 1969. Abrahamson, Dec. 20, 2007. 82 “…drastic skid…” “Governor 97 “…belches smoke and soot daily…” Blames Gas and Electric 91 “…power generation in this area…” “Concerned citizens appeal to 101 “The company was holding checks Council For His Drastic Skid in Ibid. power company,” Lead Daily Call, to vendors. We were in really Popularity,” Rapid City Journal, Sept. 6, 1974. difficult straights.” Interview with May 26, 1969. 92 “You might visit with one group of Thomas Ohlmacher by Eric John people…” Interview with George 98 “…the moral equivalent of war…” Abrahamson, Feb. 8, 2008. 86 “…there were no lights except Locke by Eric John Abrahamson, Cited in Richard F. Hirsh, Power the lightning.” Robert Hagen, Jan. 8, 2008. Loss: The Origins of Deregulation 102 “…to absolute bare bones.” Ibid.

207 Endnotes ENDNOTES 102 “If it wouldn’t have been Eric John Abrahamson, December Light Company, 1986 Annual 123 “…a comprehensive succession for Pacific…” Interview with 20, 2007. Report, 8 & 20. planning program…” Black Hills Daniel Landguth by Eric John Corporation, 1989 Annual Report, 3. Abrahamson, Dec. 20, 2007. 111 “…expects to have a 20 percent 120 GROUP PHOTO: Softball team. interest…” Black Hills Power and Back Row, (L to R): Jesus Chuey 125 “You know, Dan, you’re really 103 “…many conflicting interests Light, 1980 Annual Report, 3. Gonzalez, Ray Lucero, Warren doing everything…” Interview with around the whole subject…” Black Brown, Steve Neiffer, Hiram Daniel Landguth by Eric John Hills Power and Light Company, 112 “…we’ll either have to find…” Burbank, Tom Beranek, Bob Hauber, Abrahamson, Dec. 20, 2007. 1977 Annual Report, 2. “BHP&L explains reasons for rate Brian Beitz. Front row, (L to R): increase,” Lamplighter, December Ken Wrede, Steve Hill, “Topper” 126 PHOTO: Tanker truck in 108 PHOTO: Black Hills Power and 1981, 2. Hollenbeck, Brian Swenson, Steve Wyoming. Light bucket truck. Brown, Dale Goben. 113 “…to keep them abreast…” 126 “Thefuture of any company is only 108 “We will honor all voices in our Interview with Joe Rovere by Eric 121 “…that created a stir in South as good…” Black Hills Corporation, corporation…” Interview with Kyle John Abrahamson, Dec. 5, 2007. Dakota.” Interview with Kyle 1990 Annual Report, 3. White by Eric John Abrahamson, White by Eric John Abrahamson, January 30, 2008. 114 “We found that their…” Interview January 30, 2008. 130 “I was going to look for a job with Thomas Ohlmacher by Eric in Colorado.” Interview with 110 “We will honor all voices in our John Abrahamson, Feb. 8, 2008. 122 “I bet you could get a job.” Interview Daniel Landguth by Eric John corporation…” Ibid. with Charles and Irene Klueber by Abrahamson, Dec. 20, 2007. 115 “…levied a ‘hidden annual sales Eric John Abrahamson, December 110 “…changed a lot of middle…” tax’ of $400…” “How much is 3, 2007. 130 “Neil and I are going to create a Telephone interview with Jim the Clean Air Act costing the position…” Ibid. Emery by Eric John Abrahamson, average consumer?” Lamplighter, 122 “…we didn’t understand reserves…” Dec. 12, 2007. December 1981, 8. Interview with Daniel Landguth 132 “I thought it was important that by Eric John Abrahamson, Dec. 20, we make…” Ibid. 111 “Just get to them in a hurry.” 117 “We saw ourselves as a Black Hills- 2007. Interview with Joe Rovere by Eric based company.” Interview with 133 “It was the first time…” Interview John Abrahamson, Dec. 5, 2007. Kyle White, Jan. 30, 2008. 122 “…to reflect the Company’s with Kyle White by Eric John savings…” Interview with Kyle Abrahamson, Jan. 30, 2008. 111 “…the world had changed.” 118 “…good potential for improved White by Eric John Abrahamson, Interview with Daniel Landguth by earnings…” Black Hills Power and Jan. 30, 2008. 134 “It was a final heart to heart…”

208 Endnotes ENDNOTES Interview with Thomas Ohlmacher White by Eric John Abrahamson, with Don Dubej by Eric John The Resource Connection, May/June by Eric John Abrahamson, Feb. 8, Jan. 30, 2008. Abrahamson, Dec. 19, 2007. 1996, 3. 2008. 141 “It was a long struggle…” Interview 143 “But I wondered, ‘Has he lost 148 “The future is here…” Kyle White, 134 “Black Hills is not interested…” with Mark Lux by Eric John interest…’” Ibid. “Wholesale competition is here,” Daniel P. Landguth to Harry A. Abrahamson, Feb. 8, 2008. The Resource Connection, May/June Haycock, April 4, 1991. 143 “We’d be at a power plant…” 1996. 141 “The old stokers were very Interview with James Mattern by 134 “They said to us…’” Interview with reliable…” Ibid. Eric John Abrahamson, Nov. 15, 148 “…bring more efficient, lower cost Thomas Ohlmacher by Eric John 2007. power to the nation’s electricity Abrahamson, Feb. 8, 2008. 142 “The Kirk Power Plant in those consumers.” Ibid. days…” Ibid. 144 “We were able to say this is a 135 “…our customers would end up win-win situation.” Interview 148 “…any commodity could be with a cheaper plant.” Interview 142 “We started dealing with the with Everett Hoyt by Eric John reduced…” Roger Lowenstein, with Everett Hoyt by Eric John issues…” Interview with James Abrahamson, December 18, 2007. Origins of the Crash: The Great Abrahamson, Dec. 18, 2007. Mattern by Eric John Abrahamson, Bubble and Its Undoing (New York, Nov. 15, 2007. 144 “It caused a lot of stress…” Interview NY: Penguin Press, 2004), 133. 136 “…a threat to our ability to with James Mattern by Eric John survive…” Interview with Kyle 142 “…were used to running stoker- Abrahamson, Nov. 15, 2007. 148 “…the largest natural gas company White by Eric John Abrahamson, fired units…” Interview with Mark in the largest natural gas…” Mimi Jan. 30, 2008. Lux by Eric John Abrahamson, 145 “We were going to become even Swartz with Sharon Watkins, Feb. 8, 2008. more…” Interview with Kyle White Power Failure: The Inside Story 136 “Let’s guarantee the price…” by Eric John Abrahamson, Jan. 30, of the Collapse of ENRON (New Interview with Daniel Landguth 142 “…constantly expand themselves 2008. York: Doubleday, 2003), 28-30. by Eric John Abrahamson, Dec. 20, by making sure they…” Dan 2007. Landguth, “What’s Up? Questions 146 PHOTO: Black Hills Power and 149 “…from a stodgy pipeline from Dan Landguth’s Annual Light power pole. company…” Ibid, 101-102. 137 “I had a tremendous amount of Employee Meetings,” The Resource respect…” Ibid. Connection, September/October 146 “To break up a network…” Barbara 149 “Where is the benefit to 1995, 2. Thirstrup, “Wyoming Public customers?” Interview with Everett 139 “We were essentially market Service Commission Considers Hoyt by Eric John Abrahamson, takers…” Interview with Kyle 142 “I was very loyal.” Interview Electricity Industry Restructuring,” Dec. 18, 2007.

209 Endnotes ENDNOTES 149 “…get on the train…” Interview with Everett Hoyt by Eric John Hoyt by Eric John Abrahamson, 166 “The aliforniaC crisis puts with Daniel Landguth by Eric John Abrahamson, Dec. 18, 2007. Dec. 18, 2007. questions…” Ibid. Abrahamson, Dec. 20, 2007. 151 “We felt we were protecting our 162 GROUP PHOTO: (L to R) 168 “…what once looked like the 150 “Along with the rural electric customers…” Ibid. James Mattern, Kyle White, John land of promise…” Peter Elstrom, cooperatives…” Interview with Nooney, Everett Hoyt, actor Eric “Telecom Meltdown,” Business Daniel Landguth by Eric John 151 “That was great for us…” Johnson as President Theodore Week, April 23, 2001. Abrahamson, Dec. 20, 2007. Interview with James Williams Roosevelt, Daniel Landguth, by Eric John Abrahamson, Feb. Thomas Ohlmacher, Roxann 168 “…uniquely positioned to be 150 “I personally don’t see any 11, 2008. Basham, Gary Fish, David Emery, the General Electric…” Roger advantage…” Barbara Thirstrup, Mark Thies, and James Williams. Lowenstein, Origins of the Crash: “Wyoming Public Service 154 “I knew which of the ladies had The Great Bubble and Its Undoing Commission Considers Electricity candy…” Interview with David 163 “…evaluating the opportunities.” (New York, NY: Penguin Press, Industry Restructuring,” The Emery by Eric John Abrahamson, Dan Daly, “BHP takes step towards 2004), 170 & 179. Resource Connection, May/June December 14, 2007. telecommunications,” Rapid City 1996, 3. Journal, May 23, 1998. 170 “…to the highest ethical standards…” 154 “I interviewed the first morning of Black Hills Corporation, “Black 151 “We had to find some other growth my honeymoon.” Ibid. 163 “Telecom Act is working.” Hills Corporation Announces opportunities…” Interview with “Telecom Act is working,” Rapid Internal Inquiry Regarding Daniel Landguth by Eric John 155 “It was a very small company…” City Journal, Sept. 24, 1998. Reporting to Energy Publications,” Abrahamson, Dec. 20, 2007. Ibid. News Release, April 15, 2003. 164 “…irrational exuberance…” Quoted 151 “…to position the Company 155 “…it gave us the opportunity to in Robert Brenner, The Boom and 171 “…substantial amounts of new nationally…” Barbara Thirstrup, mitigate…” Ibid. the Bubble: The US in the World electric…” Black Hills Corporation, “Black Hills Corporation Economy (London, UK: Verso, 2001 10K Annual Report. Restructures to Help Shape 155 “…to get the best price for our 2003), 247. Energy Marketplace of the production…” Interview with Mark 172 PHOTO: Arapahoe power plant Future,” The Resource Connection, Thies by Eric John Abrahamson, 166 “…a deregulation plan that was in Colorado. July/August 1996, 1. Dec. 18, 2007. supposed to cut electric rates has instead…” John Greenwald, “The 172 “To say that the energy industry is 151 “We were prepared to break 161 “Our executives met with U.S. New Energy Crunch,” Time, Jan. tumultuous…” Barbara Thirstrup, Black Hills Power…” Interview West…” Interview with Everett 29, 2001, 37. “Black Hills Corporation’s

210 Endnotes New CEO, David Emery, Sets Daniel Landguth by Eric John ENDNOTESby Eric John Abrahamson, 191 “…we told them we would think the Course at Annual Meeting Abrahamson, Dec. 20, 2007. Nov. 14, 2007. about it.” Ibid. of Shareholders,” The Resource Connection (June 2004), 1. 177 “We said, ‘Hey, we told you 186 “…the model of our potential.” 192 “They looked a lot like Cheyenne…” this would happen.’” Interview Black Hills Corporation, “Black Ibid. 176 GROUP PHOTO: Counter- with Mark Thies by Eric John Hills Corporation Dedicates clockwise from lower right: Daniel Abrahamson, Dec. 18, 2007. Wygen Power Plant,” News Release, 193 “It was a real interesting holiday P. Landguth (Chairman & CEO), Feb. 19, 2003. period…” Ibid. Thomas M. Ohlmacher (President 183 “…slow moving and over studied… & COO Black Hills Energy), reckless spenders…” Interview 186 “We intend to continue to advance 193 “Our power generation…” Everett E. Hoyt (President & with Everett Hoyt by Eric John our competitve generation Reuters, “Black Hills Corporation COO, Black Hills Corporation), Abrahamson, Dec. 18, 2007. capabilities…” Ibid. Announces Commercial Operation John W. Salyer (President & COO, of the Valencia Power Plant,” June Black Hills Generation), Roxann 183 “We have a very, very capable 187 “The news sent us into a 4, 2008. R. Basham (VP and Controller, management team…” Ibid. whirlwind…” Interview with Black Hills Corporation), David R. Kay Jorgensen by Eric John 201 “At this moment, we are one Emery (VP, Fuel Resources), Steven 184 “…why we hadn’t considered it Abrahamson, Dec. 31, 2007. company.” Author notes, July 8, J. Helmers (General Counsel & before.” Note to author from David 2008. Corporate Secretary), Richard T. R. Emery, May 2008. 187 “I don’t think my health…” Ashbeck (VP & Treasurer), Kyle Interview with John Howard by D. White (VP, Corporate Affairs), 185 “We looked at it…” Interview Eric John Abrahamson, Dec. 21, Kurt A. Kittelson (SVP, Energy with Linden Evans by Eric John 2007. Marketing, Enserco Energy), James Abrahamson, Nov. 14, 2007. M. Mattern (SVP, Corporate 187 “I think I’m just fine…” Ibid. Administration), Ronald D. 185 “They were disappointed…” Ibid. Schaible (SVP & General Manager, 188 “Theway we do business…” Black Hills FiberCom), Russell L. 185 “Our best option…” Interview Interview with David Emery by Cohen (VP, Risk Management), with David Emery by Eric John Eric John Abrahamson, Dec. 14, Mark T. Thies (SVP & CFO). Abrahamson, Dec. 14, 2007. 2007.

177 “Geez, these guys have a lot 185 “When we saw the number…” 191 “They wanted to have dinner with of power…” Interview with Interview with Linden Evans us.” Ibid.

211 Endnotes TIMELINE1883 Company begins supplying power to local 1924 Congress passes and President Franklin September residents. South Dakota State Cement Plant is Roosevelt signs the Public Utility Holding Pilcher Electric Light Company of completed in Rapid City. Company Act designed to break up large Deadwood is organized by Judge Squire P. 1907 national utility companies. Romans, Col. Pilcher and a Mr. Bowers. March 1927 Dakota Power Company is incorporated Missouri Public Service Company is sold May December with plans to build a new hydroelectric to Middle West Utilities Company, a President Roosevelt signs an executive Romans and his partners demonstrate facility on Rapid Creek. business owned by Samuel Insull’s Utility order establishing the Rural Electrification their 15-lamp system. Investments, Inc. Administration. 1910 1884 June 1928 1938 January Consolidated Power and Light Company General Public Utilities Company acquires U.S. Supreme Court upholds the Black Hills Electric Light Company of acquires the assets of Black Hills Traction the assets of Dakota Power Company. constitutionality of the Public Utility Deadwood is organized by Judge Squire P. Company, including the Redwater Holding Company Act. Romans and other investors. hydroelectric facility. Dakota Power Company buys Custer Electric Light Heat and Power Company. 1939 1888 December Middle West Utilities sells a controlling Rapid City Electric Gas and Light Company Dakota Power Company buys the assets of 1929 interest in Missouri Public Service begins furnishing electric service. Rapid City Electric and Gas Company. J.B. “Ben” French moves to Rapid City to Corporation (MPSC) to Ralph Green. manage Dakota Power Company. 1893 1912 1941 Belt Light & Power Company of Lead is April October Black Hills Power and Light Company organized to build and operate a steam Consolidated Power and Light Company On Wall Street, the stock market collapses is created as an independent business turbine plant at Pluma between Lead purchases the Belle Fourche Light Heat losing nearly 50 percent of its August with assets from Dakota Power Company and Deadwood. and Power Company. value. and Consolidated Power and Light. J.B. French becomes president of the new 1894 1918 1930 company. Black Hills Traction Company is First line of electric compression domestic Dakota Power Company purchases plant organized to construct a hydroelectric refrigerators goes on sale under the brand and property in Hill City. December plant on Redwater Creek near Belle name Kelvinator. The United States enters World War II. Fourche. 1934 1921 September 1942 1905 Homestake Mining Company purchases Homestake Mining Company begins Black Hills Power and Light Company Consolidated Power and Light Company the Wyodak coal property outside of construction of the Kirk Power Plant acquires electrical property and a power of South Dakota is created by a merger Gillette, WY. outside Lead. plant in Edgemont from Mountain States of Black Hills Electric Light Company Power Company. of Deadwood and Belt Light and Power 1923 1935 Company of Lead. A group of Chicago bankers purchase the General Public Utilities acquires the assets Rapid City Army Air Base opens. assets of the Dakota Power Company. of the Consolidated Power and Light 1906 They turn around and sell the company to Company in the Northern Black Hills. 1943 Belle Fourche Light, Heat and Power Day & Zimmerman of Philadelphia. Property at Osage, Wyoming is purchased for

212 Timeline the site of a future power plant to serve Black Wyodak Coal mine and its equipment. 1961 TIMELINEJune Hills Power and Light Company customers. January A severe rain storm and dam failure cause a 1956 New 22 MW Ben French Power Station massive flood in Rapid City that takes 238 1945 July begins commercial operation in Rapid lives and causes $165 million in property Wyodak mines begins supplying coal to Wyodak Resources Development Corp. City. damage in the Black Hills. Black Hills Power and Light Company. (WRDC) created. 1963 November August November Congress passes the Clean Air Act. After line employees vote to affiliate World War II ends. WRDC purchases the coal mining with the International Brotherhood of equipment and coal leases of the Wyodak 1966 Electrical Workers (IBEW), the company 1946 Coal Company from Homestake. Big Ben dam on the Missouri River is and the union implement a new labor Black Hills Power and Light purchases completed and its hydro-electric turbines agreement. the electric utility in Newcastle, Wyoming 1957 begin generating power. from Mountain States Power Company. April 1973 Neil Simpson becomes president of 1969 War in the Middle East leads to OPEC- 1948 Black Hills Power and Light. J.B. French Construction is completed on a 20 MW imposed sanctions on the United States New company headquarters is built at 621 continues as chairman. air-cooled power plant at Wyodak. and a spike in energy prices. Sixth Street in Rapid City. 1958 1970 1974 September Richard C. Green becomes president of July Construction begins on a new Wyodak Osage Power Plant begins operations. Missouri Public Service. Ralph Green The new air-cooled plant at Wyodak is Power Plant. continues as chairman. dedicated in honor of Neil Simpson. 1949 Robert Asheim becomes president of Massive blizzard hits the Great Plains. 1959 1971 Black Hills Power and Light. Neil Simpson April General Offices of Black Hills Power and continues as chairman and CEO. June WRDC successfully bids for a 20-year Light move to the new Rushmore Mutual “Reddy’s Roving Electrical Show,” a renewable lease on 240 acres of Federal Insurance Building in Rapid City. 1978 35-foot trailer showroom takes to the coal reserves adjacent to the Wyodak February highways to introduce customers to the mine. The lease more than doubles August Robert Asheim becomes president and newest appliances. Wyodak’s coal reserves under lease. Black Hills Power and Light and Pacific CEO of Black Hills Power and Light. Power and Light Company announce Neil Simpson continues as chairman of 1952 September plans to build a 200 MW air-cooled, coal- the board. December A massive forest fire threatens the city fired power plant at Wyodak. Black Hills Power and Light acquires the of Deadwood. June electric distribution system in Keystone. 1960 1972 Wyodak Power Plant goes into service. August Company buys its first computer for 1954 Company acquires the electric properties automated billing. November Wyodak and Kirk Power Plants are of Central Gas and Electric Company in President Carter signs the Public Utilities acquired from the Homestake Mining Hot Springs, Buffalo Gap and Oral, South Neil Simpson becomes chairman and Regulatory Policy Act (PURPA). Company. Black Hills Power and Light Dakota. CEO of Black Hills Power and Light receives a two-year option to buy the following J.B. French’s retirement.

213 Timeline TIMELINE1979 Aquila, Inc. becomes a wholly-owned 1993 November Edison Electric Institute awards the subsidiary of Utilicorp. August Black Hills Corporation launches first prestigious Edison Award to Black Hills Construction begins on Neil Simpson II website. Power and Light for its pioneering work June power plant at Wyodak. with air-cooled condensers. WRDC acquires Western Production 1997 Company, an oil and gas exploration and 1994 Black Hills Capital Group is formed as a 1980 production business based in Wyoming. Black Hills Generation, a new non- holding company for Black Hills Energy September regulated subsidiary, is formed to generate Resources, Inc.; Enserco Energy, Inc. and Robert Asheim retires. Larry Owen 1987 and sell electric power and energy. Black Hills Coal Network, Inc. becomes president and CEO of Black January Hills Power and Light. Black Hills Corporation purchases Les Montana-Dakota Utilities agrees to July Calkins Trucking of Lodi, California. buy wholesale power from Black Hills Black Hills Capital Group acquires 1982 Corporation to meet the needs of the Wickford Energy Marketing, Inc. and City of Gillette and Black Hills Power and 1988 community of Sheridan, Wyoming. renames the company Black Hills Energy Light enter into a new 18-year wholesale Black Hills Corporation agrees to sell its Resources, Inc. power supply agreement. trucking subsidiary and exits the business. A new overland coal conveyor system is completed at the Wyodak Mine. 1998 October January WYGEN Inc. changes its name to Black WRDC completes first permanent WRDC acquires the assets of Northwest 1995 Hills Generation, Inc. reclamation of a mined area at Wyodak. Crude, Inc., a purchaser, transporter and Neil Simpson II power plant is completed . seller of crude oil operating primarily in and begins selling wholesale electricity. May 1983 Wyoming. Black Hills Fiber Systems created to build October Kirk power plant in Lead is closed. and market telecommunications services WRDC acquires Rapid City-based 1989 in the Black Hills region. Universal Transport, Inc. (UTI). October 1996 1999 Daniel Landguth becomes president of Enserco Energy Inc. is started as a new January 1984 Black Hills Corporation. Larry Owen Black Hills Corporation subsidiary Western Production Company becomes Missouri Public Service acquires Kansas continues as chairman. engaged in marketing unregulated energy Black Hills Exploration and Production. Public Service, adopts a new name – and energy services on a national basis. Utilicorp. 1991 Fall January WRDC purchases the Clovis Point Mine. Construction begins on Wygen I, an 80 1985 Daniel Landguth becomes chairman, MW coal-fired power plant at Wyodak. May president and CEO of Black Hills February Richard C. Green, Jr. becomes president Corporation following Larry Owen’s Robert K. Green becomes president of October and CEO of Aquila, Inc. retirement. Aquila. Company reorganizes into three business units focusing on regulated electric 1986 1992 April utilities, communications and technology To reflect its increasingly diverse Passage of the Energy Policy Act of 1992 Federal Energy Regulatory Commission services and non-regulated energy. businesses, Black Hills Power and Light encourages competition in the wholesale (FERC) adopts rule requiring public Company changes its corporate name to market for electric power. utilities to allow open access to their November Black Hills Corporation. transmission systems. FiberCom begins offering service.

214 Timeline December May October TIMELINEApril Black Hills Generation acquires 50 percent New 40-MW power facility begins Black Hills Corporation announces it will Black Hills Corporation agrees to sell interest in three gas-fired combustion operation at Wyodak. Plant supplies acquire Mallon Resources Corporation Black Hills FiberCom to PrairieWave turbine peaking units supplying power to electricity to Cheyenne Light, Fuel and with proven and unproven reserves of oil Communications, Inc. Public Service of Colorado. Power under a 10-year agreement. and natural gas on Jicarilla Apache Nation lands in New Mexico. 2007 2000 September February June Black Hills Energy Ventures acquires a 2003 Black Hills Corporation announces that it Company begins operating a new 40 MW 273-MW gas-fired co-generation plant February will buy regulated gas and electric utilities gas-fired facility at its energy complex at northeast of Las Vegas from Enron. Black Hills Corporation dedicates new 95 in Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska and Iowa Wyodak. MW coal-fired Wygen I power plant. from Aquila in a three-way deal that also September 11 involves Great Plains Energy. July Terrorists piloting jetliners attack the September Indeck Capital, Inc. is acquired along World Trade Center in New York and Company sells its hydroelectric plants in April with its interests in 14 independent power crash two other jets into the Pentagon and upstate New York. Black Hills Corporation reaches plants in California, Massachusetts, a field in rural Pennsylvania. agreement with Public Service of New Colorado, New York and Idaho. October Mexico to build an additional 149 MW November Basin Electric Power Cooperative and gas-fired power plant near Albuquerque. September Black Hills Corporation announces it will Black Hills Power complete construction Black Hills Energy agrees to supply electric open a regional center to house Black Hills of an inter-tie near Rapid City that links 2008 power to Public Service of Colorado from Energy Ventures in Golden, Colorado. the eastern and western electrical grids. January its Arapahoe and Valmont facilities. Wygen II power plant enters into 2001 2002 2004 commercial service. Ground is broken for California energy crisis leads to record Fountain Valley power plant begins January the construction of Wygen III facility. prices for wholesale electricity. commercial operation. Arapahoe power Black Hills Corporation announces it will plant completes expansion project. acquire Cheyenne Light, Fuel & Power July February from Xcel Energy, Inc. Black Hills Corporation sells seven gas- Everett Hoyt becomes president and March fired independent power plants. COO of Black Hills Corporation. Black Hills Energy announces it will January purchase remaining shares of Millennium David Emery is named president and July March Pipeline Company and Millennium CEO of Black Hills Corporation. Daniel Aquila acquisition is completed. Black Hills Energy Capital buys the 240 Terminal Company in Houston, Texas. Landguth will continue as chairman. MW gas-fired power plant at Fountain September Valley near Colorado Springs. August 2005 Happy Jack Wind Farm is dedicated in Black Hills Corporation sells its marketing Construction begins on Wygen II power Laramie County, Wyoming. Black Hills March subsidiary, Black Hills Coal Network. plant near Gillette. Corporation is contracted to take the Black Hills Exploration and Production power produced by this 30 MW facility. buys 74 gas and oil wells from Stewart September David Emery becomes chairman of Black Petroleum Corporation. The deal boosts Robert Green resigns as president of Hills Corporation following Daniel the company’s proven oil and gas reserves Aquila. His brother Richard becomes Landguth’s retirement. by 22 percent. CEO again.

215 Timeline INDEX Italicized numbers indicate photographs. Coolidge, Calvin, 35 Forsythe, Gerald, 175 Herseth, Ralph, 63, 64, 65 Crouch, George, 63 Foss, Joe, 64 Hilliard, Carole, 118 Custer, George Armstrong, 10 Franklin, Benjamin, 11 Hoover, Herbert, 35, 36, 38 Adel, Lloyd, 58 Daschle, Tom, 184 Franklin, Harris, 24 Howard, John, 187, 187 Anderson, Garner, 188 Daugaard, Dennis, 202 Franklin, Nathan, 24, 25 Hoyt, Everett “Ev”, 94, 125, 135, 144, Arnold, Birdie, 59 Davenport, Jarvis D., 47, 51, 65, 66 French, J.B. “Ben”, 36, 38, 41, 41, 42, 43, 144, 149, 151, 161, 164, 171, 176, Asheim, Robert, 58, 74-75, 85, 91, 93, Davis, Gray, 166 46, 46, 47, 47, 48, 50, 51, 52, 55, 183, 184, 185, 187, 187, 188, 188 103, 106, 106-107, 110, 131 Dennis, Allen, 156 56, 57, 58, 59, 62, 63, 66, 71, 71, Hustead, Bill, 118 Babbitt, Harry, 55, 90 Didier, Nick, 59 74, 90, 106, 107, 110 Insull, Samuel, 40, 41, 43, 50 Ball, Lucille, 118 Dowdy, Mick, 141 Friedman, Thomas, 170 Johnson, Halver, 33 Bangs, George, 42 Dubej, Don, 142-143 Fruedenthal, Dave, 197, 198 Johnson, Lyndon B., 96 Barnett, Joe, 95 Ebertz, David C., 187 Fuhlbrugge, Herman, 58 Jorgensen, Kay S., 187, 187 Bledsoe, Mae, 64, 70 Edison, Thomas, 3, 4,11 , 11-12, 12, 13, Furois, Dint, 59 Keets, Henry, 13 Boe, Nils, 80 41 Geddes, Edwin, 55 Kennedy, John F., 67, 70, 96 Bormaster, Scott, 159 Edwards, Harry, 59 Godfrey, Paul, 106 Kittleson, Kurt, 195 Bower, Mr., 4 Emery, David R., 1, 154-155, 172, 182, Goldberg, Reuben, 94 Klay, Reynold, 106 Brundage, Bruce, 187 184-185, 187, 187, 188, 189, 191, Green, Lemuel, 17, 195 Klefeker, Maurice, 193 Burg, Jim, 146, 150 192, 193, 194, 197, 199, 200, 201, Green, Ralph, 50 Kleuber, Chuck, 122 Bush, George H.W., 137 202 Green, Richard, 103, 169, 169, 182, 192, Kleuber, Irene, 122, 122 Busdicker, Art, 59 Emery, Deanna, 154 193, 201 Knecht, Robert, 106 Calamity Jane, 18 Emery, Jim, 110, 154, 154 Green, Robert, 169, 182, 192 Kneip, Richard, 94, 95 Campbell, Tori, 195 Evans, Fred, 20, 21 Greenspan, Alan, 164-165 Korpan, Richard, 187 Carson, Rachel, 97 Evans, Linden, 184-185, 188 Haggerty, Lou, 87 Landguth, Barbara, 130 Carter, Jimmy, 98-99, 125, 128 Faraday, Michael, 11 Haines, John C., 27, 29 Landguth, Daniel, 85-86, 101, 102, 107, Chedel, Clarence, 59 Farnum, E.B., 10 Hanks, Alan, 202 111, 114, 122, 123, 123, 125, 126, Chesser, Michael, 193, 201 Farrar, Frank, 81, 81, 82, 118 Hartley, Harry, 28, 41 130, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, Christ, C.C., 42 Fastow, Andrew, 169 Hathaway, Stan, 90 136, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, Christie, Harriet, 64 Feehan, Jim, 163 Hausmann, Henry, 86 144, 145, 149, 150, 151, 153, 156, Clement, Dale, 106, 123, 138 Fenner, Kermit, 58 Hearst, George, 18 163, 164, 168, 168, 171, 176, 176, Clinton, William, 159 Fiedler, Mildred, 39 Heinke, Llewellyn, 47 177, 177, 178, 179, 183, 184, 186, Coburn, James, 118 Fish, Gary, 159, 164, 164, 177, 179 Helmers, Steve, 176 187, 187, 188, 188, 199, 200 Cohen, Russell, 188 Ford, Gerald, 128 Henderson, Frank, 81 Lay, Kenneth, 168

216 Index Lenhart, Harry, Ohlmacher, Thomas “Tom”, 101, 114, 75, 76, , 86, 87, 90, 91, 92, INDEX93, 59 78 Lewis, Don, 145 119, 134, 138, 151, 176, 177, 179 103, 106, 110, 130, 131, 137 Lien, Bruce, 118 Orr, Amy, 195 Simpson, Virginia, 137, 140, 140 Lien, Chuck, 118 O’Shea, Brian, 195 Sitter, Scott, 195 Locke, George, 92, 93, 107, 123 Owen, Larry M., 86, 106, 107, 108, 110, Skilling, Jeffrey, 149, 151, 168 Lockhart, Tom, 134 110, 111, 112, 114, 117, 123, 123, Smolnikar, Elaine, 85, 86 Lowenstein, Roger, 148 125, 131, 148 Stainbrook, Rick, 111 Lux, Mark, 141, 142 Parker, Watson, 10 Stalcup, Tom, 119, 141 Mansfield, George, 22, 26-27,27 , 28, Philip, George, 46, 47 Stults, Grace, 36 29, 41 Pilcher, Colonel, 4 Swenson, Brian, 116 Marvin, Lee, 118 Pompy, Everett, 59, 130, 131 Tesla, Nikola, 12 Mattern, James, 142, 143, 144, 151, 154 Putnam, W.R., 28 Thies, Mark, 155, 176,177 , 177, 188, McClendon, Bruce, 177 Ray, Robert, 94 191, 193, 194 McGee, Levi, 28 Reagan, Ronald, 107, 128 Thomson, Elihu, 12, 13 McGovern, Eleanor, 87 Rice, William, 46 Tupper, Richard, 107 McGovern, George, 87 Richards, Louis, 26, 27 Van Nuys, James, 188 McLaughlin, Shawn, 156, 196 Romans, Squire, 4, 5, 10, 13, 14 Vucurevich, Tom, 117 McNulty, Lyle, 58 Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, 38, 38, 39, Ward, J.A., 25 Miller, Walter Dale, 137 48, 128 Washabaugh, John, 195 Mobley, Jane, 43 Roosevelt, Theodore, 35 Westre, Bud, 103 Moler, Elizabeth, 148 Ross, Edward G., 77 Whartman, Jim Jr., 201 Monroe, R.R., 48 Ross, Harold Edward “Ed”, 77, 77 White, Kyle, 117, 121, 133, 136, 139, Morrill, David, 92, 112, 134, 136 Rovere, Joe, 75, 75, 95, 97, 100, 111, 145, 157, 163, 168, 176 Moye, Jeff,59 112, 113, 114 Wickersham, Tim, 156, 195 Mundt, Karl E., 63, 64, 80 Salyer, John, 175, 188 Williams, Jim, 134, 153 Nader, Ralph, 100 Schaefer, Phil, 156 Wilson, Russ, 59 Neel, Beala, 47, 47 Schaible, Ron, 163, 164, 184 Wilson, Woodrow, 32 Nesbitt, Henry, 46, 47, 47 Schulenberg, Franz, 91 Yergin, Daniel, 166 Newlin, Stephen, 187 Sharpe, M.Q., 62 Zeller, Thomas J.,187 Nixon, Richard, 67, 70, 97 Simpson, Alan, 118 Norbeck, Peter, 32, 32, 36, 62 Simpson, Neil, 46, 49, 55, 56, 58, 58, 59, Nunn, Lucien, 17 60, 64, 66, 67, 69, 70, 71, 73, 74,

217 Index 218

IMPROVING LIFE WITH ENERGY ENERGY WITH LIFE IMPROVING

IMPROVING LIFE WITH ENERGY Only seven years after the gold rush brought rough miners, outlaws and settlers to the wilderness of the Black Hills, a handful of entrepreneurs launched the first electric company in Deadwood. From this beginning in 1883, the many companies that have become Black Hills Corporation trace their roots. Hard work, innovative thinking and a commitment to service helped the company survive blizzards, floods, economic crises and wars. The path was never easy. Improving Life With Energy details the struggles and triumphs of employees, The First 125 Years of Black Hills Corporation Hills Black 125 of First Years The IMPROVING LIFE WITH ENERGY managers and directors as they built one of the leading ERIC JOHN ABRAHAMSON is a business and economic energy companies on the Great Plains. historian who has written extensively about banking, The First 125 Years of Black Hills Corporation telecommunications and other regulated industries. He received his Ph.D. in American history from Johns Hopkins University. President of Vantage Point Historical Services, Inc., he lives in Rapid City, South Dakota.

625 Ninth Street, Rapid City SD 57701 www.blackhillscorp.com IMPROVING LIFE WITH ENERGY ENERGY WITH LIFE IMPROVING

625 Ninth Street, Rapid City SD 57701 www.blackhillscorp.com